DOCSLIB.ORG

Modeling Phosphorus Transport in the Blue River Watershed, Summit County, Colorado

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modeling Phosphorus Transport in the Blue River Watershed, Summit County, Colorado Modeling Phosphorus Transport in the Blue River Watershed, Summit County, Colorado Paula Jo Lemonds and John E. McCray Abstract Introduction Lake Dillon in Summit County, Colorado, is a primary Numerical models are useful tools because they allow a drinking-water reservoir for Denver. Eutrophication of quantitative assessment of the environmental impacts Lake Dillon is a concern, primarily due to phosphorus of wastewater pollutants and improve understanding of (P) loading. There is little agriculture in the watershed. watershed-scale pollutant transport. Projecting future Thus, many local officials attribute the P loading to water quantity and quality is especially important in onsite wastewater systems (OWS). A watershed developing communities that rely on shallow modeling effort using the SWAT model is underway to groundwater as a source of drinking water while understand the potential influence of various point and disposing of wastewater in the shallow subsurface. nonpoint sources of P in the Blue River watershed (the Some models capable of simulating watershed-scale most developed of three watersheds that supply Lake pollutant transport include Soil and Water Assessment Dillon). The watershed model was calibrated to Tool (SWAT) (Arnold 1998), MIKESHE (Danish measured flow rates and P concentrations. The Hydraulic Institute 1999), Watershed Analysis Risk hydrologic model results are most sensitive to the Management Framework (WARMF) (Chen et al. 1999) physical parameters of snowmelt, and orographic and Hydrologic Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF) effects on precipitation and evapotranspiration. (Bicknell et al. 1996). SWAT was used for this effort However, uncertainties in chemical-hydrologic because it is a public-domain model that can parameters preclude a rigorous assignment of relative incorporate large amounts of data and simulate many contributions of various P sources. Rather, the effort hydrologic processes. has resulted in a better understanding of P chemical parameters required to simulate watershed-scale Several watershed-scale models have been developed transport. The model was most sensitive to the P using SWAT (Arnold et al. 1999, Arnold and Allen sorption coefficient, the P availability index, and the P 1996, Fontaine et al. 2002, Manguerra and Engel 1998, enrichment ratio (a measure of P in runoff sediments Santhi et al. 2001, Srinivasan et al. 1998). However, compared to immobile sediments). Modeling results these projects did not specifically address the indicate that OWS are not significant sources of P to watershed-scale impacts of wastewater pollutants from Lake Dillon. onsite wastewater systems (OWS). The goals of this study are to accurately simulate mountain watershed Keywords: watershed, modeling, phosphorus, hydrology and to quantify the impacts of OWS-derived wastewater, hydrology, SWAT phosphorus (P) in the Lake Dillon Watershed. The study area is the Lake Dillon watershed located in Summit County, Colorado (Figure 1). Lake Dillon is the main drinking-water storage reservoir for Denver. Towns in the watershed include Frisco, Dillon, Lemonds is a research associate, Colorado School of Silverthorne, Breckenridge, and Blue River. Mines, Golden, CO 80401 (currently a water resources engineer at HDR, Denver, CO 80203). E-mail: Model Setup [email protected]. McCray is an associate professor at Colorado School of Mines, Department of The ArcView Interface for SWAT was used in model Geology and Geological Engineering, Golden, CO development. Subwatersheds were delineated using 80401. SWAT and a USGS 300-m resolution, 1-degree Digital 272 Elevation Model (DEM). Information extracted and watershed. Daily precipitation and minimum/maximum calculated from the DEM includes overland slope, temperature values were incorporated into the model. slope length, and elevation corrections for precipitation and evapotranspiration. The subwatershed delineation Other information defined in initial model setup is illustrated in Figure 1. included wastewater treatment plant point-source discharges into the Blue River and its tributaries, Lake Lake Dillon watershed Dillon water levels, reservoir outflow, and surface area of the reservoir. Information specific to each r Colorado 6 8 subwatershed, including stream-water chemical 1 3 2 13 10 9 34 4 r 7 properties, groundwater-flow properties, stream-routing 5 16 11 36 35 1433 12 parameters, consumptive water use, and agricultural 30 32 17 15 diversions were included. For details on the model 19 22 18 N 23 20 25 setup and simulation parameters, the reader is referred r 26 r 31 24 to Lemonds (2003). 27 21 29 28 Incorporation of OWS r r Weather Stations Currently, no algorithms exist in SWAT to specifically r Streams 5 0 5 10 Kilometers Subbasins simulate OWS. Therefore, a fertilizer management practice was used to simulate OWS input. The mass Figure 1. The study area is the Lake Dillon watershed input rate of OWS pollutants was set equal to the mass in Summit County, Colorado. of nutrient input by the fertilizer. OWS inputs were established from reviews of OWS effluent flow rates The land-use information was derived from 1:250,000- and water-quality parameters completed by Kirkland scale Landuse/Landcover Geographic Information (2001). Retrieval Analysis System (GIRAS) spatial data. The land use/land cover digital data were collected by the Fertilizer application input parameters were adjusted in USGS and converted to ARC/INFO by the USEPA. SWAT to achieve the appropriate inorganic P mass This information was used when simulating infiltration, input rate to the subsurface based on the number of runoff, ET, and natural sources of nutrients. OWS in each subwatershed. It was assumed that implementing the fertilizer management practice in The soil attributes were taken from the State Soil seven-day intervals would adequately represent OWS Geographic (STATSGO) Database, which was effluent processes. SWAT allows the user to apply the developed by the National Cooperative Soil Survey fertilizer into the first soil layer. As a result, the (USDA-NRCS Soil Survey 2002). In the STATSGO simulated OWS nutrients are not affected by runoff and database, soil attributes are stored in polygon format. are allowed to percolate through the vadose zone. The Each polygon includes multiple soil series with source of percolation is the natural precipitation, which information on its areal percentage of the polygon. In is orders of magnitude greater than OWS effluent input. the SWAT ArcView Interface, the dominant soil series is selected, and the interface extracts properties for the Results model from a relational database. Examples of the properties extracted include soil texture, bulk density, Prior to simulating nutrient transport, physical hydraulic conductivity, available water capacity, hydrologic input parameters were adjusted to calibrate organic carbon, and total depth of soil. These the model to stream flow rates. Adequate calibration of parameters are used in computations for infiltration, the physical hydrologic system was critical to runoff, groundwater flow, and P transport. simulating nutrient transport. Precipitation and temperature data were available from Hydrology Simulation and Calibration the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Measured streamflow was obtained from two USGS Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) Data Network. Six gaging stations on the Blue River: one near the stations were available within the Lake Dillon headwaters and the other located approximately one 273 half mile upstream of Lake Dillon. The model precipitation are adjusted for each elevation band in a simulation was executed for 11 years (1990-2000). The subbasin as a function of the lapse rate and the first two years were not used for model evaluation difference between elevation of the meteorological because parameters such as soil water content and gaging station and the average elevation specified for residue cover are initially not in equilibrium with actual the band (Neitsch et al. 2000). physical conditions (Fontaine et al. 2002; Santhi et al. 2001). Prior to calibration, comparison of annual- Adjustment of Snowmelt/Snow Accumulation average streamflow data to simulated values show an Parameters under-prediction of flow (Figure 2). Parameters in SWAT that simulate snowmelt processes and control the formation of snow were also adjusted to Because SWAT was developed for watersheds in non- create a better match to observed streamflow data. The mountainous terrains, special adjustments were parameters that were modified include a factor that necessary to accurately simulate hydrologic processes accounts for snow pack characteristics and two that are strongly affected by elevation changes empirical factors that account for the melting rate of characteristic of this watershed. Fontaine et al. (2002), snow. who applied SWAT to the mountainous Wind River Basin in Wyoming, discovered that orographic A “lagging factor” accounts for temperature processes were very important. Processes that are characteristics of the snow pack that influence the affected by elevation include evapotranspiration, snow-pack density, snow-pack depth, exposure, and precipitation and snowmelt/snow-formation processes. other factors (Neitsch et al. 2001). As the lagging factor approaches 1.0, the mean air temperature on the current 20 Observed day exerts an increasingly greater influence on the 15 Simulated snow pack temperature, and the snow pack temperature /s) 3 from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geologic Map of the Frisco Quadrangle, Summit County, Colorado
    Geologic Map of the Frisco Quadrangle, Summit County, Colorado By Karl S. Kellogg, Paul J. Bartos, and Cindy L. Williams Pamphlet to accompany MISCELLANEOUS FIELD STUDIES MAP MF-2340 2002 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Map of the Frisco Quadrangle, Summit County, Colorado By Karl S. Kellogg, Paul J. Bartos, and Cindy L. Williams DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS af Artificial fill (recent)—Compacted and uncompacted rock fragments and finer material underlying roadbed and embankments along and adjacent to Interstate 70. Also includes material comprising Dillon Dam dt Dredge tailings (recent)—Unconsolidated, clast-supported deposits containing mostly well- rounded to subrounded, cobble- to boulder-size clasts derived from dredging of alluvium for gold along the Blue and Swan Rivers; similar dredge tailings along Gold Run Gulch are too small to show on map. Dredge tailings were mapped from 1974 air photos; most tailings have now been redistributed and leveled for commercial development Qal Alluvium (Holocene)—Unconsolidated clast-supported deposits containing silt- to boulder-size, moderately sorted to well-sorted clasts in modern floodplains; includes overbank deposits. Clasts are as long as 1 m in Blue River channel; clasts are larger in some side-stream channels. Larger clasts are moderately rounded to well rounded. Includes some wetland deposits in and adjacent to beaver ponds along Ryan Gulch. Maximum thickness unknown, but greater than 10 m in Blue River channel Qw Wetland deposits (Holocene)—Dark-brown to black, organic-rich sediment underlying wetland areas, commonly containing standing water and dense willow stands. Maximum thickness estimated to be about 15 m Qav Avalanche deposits (Holocene)—Unsorted, unstratified hummocky deposits at the distal ends of avalanche-prone hillside in Sec.
    [Show full text]
  • The High Deccan Duricrusts of India and Their Significance for the 'Laterite
    The High Deccan duricrusts of India and their significance for the ‘laterite’ issue Cliff D Ollier1 and Hetu C Sheth2,∗ 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia. 2Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India. ∗e-mail: [email protected] In the Deccan region of western India ferricrete duricrusts, usually described as laterites, cap some basalt summits east of the Western Ghats escarpment, basalts of the low-lying Konkan Plain to its west, as well as some sizeable isolated basalt plateaus rising from the Plain. The duricrusts are iron-cemented saprolite with vermiform hollows, but apart from that have little in common with the common descriptions of laterite. The classical laterite profile is not present. In particular there are no pisolitic concretions, no or minimal development of con- cretionary crust, and the pallid zone, commonly assumed to be typical of laterites, is absent. A relatively thin, non-indurated saprolite usually lies between the duricrust and fresh basalt. The duricrust resembles the classical laterite of Angadippuram in Kerala (southwestern India), but is much harder. The High Deccan duricrusts capping the basalt summits in the Western Ghats have been interpreted as residuals from a continuous (but now largely destroyed) laterite blan- ket that represents in situ transformation of the uppermost lavas, and thereby as marking the original top of the lava pile. But the unusual pattern of the duricrusts on the map and other evidence suggest instead that the duricrusts formed along a palaeoriver system, and are now in inverted relief.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Glaciology of Edgegya and Barentsgya, Svalbard
    On the glaciology of Edgegya and Barentsgya, Svalbard JULIAN A. DOWDESWELL and JONATHAN L. BAMBER Dowdeswell J. A. & Bamber. J. L. 1995: On the glaciology of Edgeoya and Barentsoya, Svalbard. Polar Research 14(2). 105-122. The ice masses on Edgeoya and Barentsdya are the least well known in Svalbard. The islands are 42-47% ice covered with the largest ice cap, Edge0yjokulen. 1365 km2 in area. The tidewater ice cliffs of eastern Edgedya are over 80 km long and produce small tabular icebergs. Several of the ice-cap outlet glaciers on Edgeoya and Barentsoya are known to surge, and different drainage basins within the ice caps behave as dynamically separate units. Terminus advances during surging have punctuated more general retreat from Little Ice Age moraines, probably linked to Twentieth Century climate warming and mass balance change. Airborne radio-echo sounding at 60 MHz along 340 km of flight track over the ice masses of Edgeoya and Barentsldya has provided ice thickness and elevation data. Ice is grounded below sea level to about 20 km inland from the tidewater terminus of Stonebreen. Ice thickens from <lo0 rn close to the margins, to about 250 m in the interior of Edgeeiyj~kulen.The maximum ice thickness measured on Barentsjokulen was 270111. Landsat MSS images of the two islands, calibrated to in-band reflectance values, allow synoptic examination of snowline position in late July/early August. Snow and bare glacier ice were identified. and images were digitally stretched and enhanced. The snowline was at about 300111 on the east side of Edgeoyjbkulen, and 50-100 m higher to the west.
    [Show full text]
  • From Decades to Epochs: Spanning the Gap Between Geodesy and Structural Geology of Active Mountain Belts
    Journal of Structural Geology 31 (2009) 1409–1422 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Structural Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg From decades to epochs: Spanning the gap between geodesy and structural geology of active mountain belts Richard W. Allmendinger a,*, John P. Loveless b, Matthew E. Pritchard a, Brendan Meade b a Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, United States b Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States article info abstract Article history: Geodetic data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and from satellite interferometric Received 25 March 2009 radar (InSAR) are revolutionizing how we look at instantaneous tectonic deformation, but the signifi- Received in revised form cance for long-term finite strain in orogenic belts is less clear. We review two different ways of analyzing 31 July 2009 geodetic data: velocity gradient fields from which one can extract strain, dilatation, and rotation rate, and Accepted 9 August 2009 elastic block modeling, which assumes that deformation is not continuous but occurs primarily on Available online 14 August 2009 networks of interconnected faults separating quasi-rigid blocks. These methods are complementary: velocity gradients are purely kinematic and yield information about regional deformation; the calcula- Keywords: Geodesy tion does not take into account either faults or rigid blocks but, where GNSS data are dense enough, GPS active fault zones and stable blocks emerge naturally in the solution. Block modeling integrates known Active tectonics structural geometry with idealized earthquake cycle models to predict slip rates on active faults. Future technological advances should overcome many of today’s uncertainties and provide rich new data to mine by providing denser, more uniform, and temporally continuous observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 1: Mount Everest Lesson Plan
    Lesson 1: Mount Everest Lesson Plan Use the Mount Everest PowerPoint presentation in conjunction with this lesson. The PowerPoint presentation contains photographs and images and follows the sequence of the lesson. If required, this lesson can be taught in two stages; the first covering the geography of Mount Everest and the second covering the successful 1953 ascent of Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Key questions Where is Mount Everest located? How high is Mount Everest? What is the landscape like? How do the features of the landscape change at higher altitude? What is the weather like? How does this change? What are conditions like for people climbing the mountain? Who were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay? How did they reach the summit of Mount Everest? What did they experience during their ascent? What did they do when they reached the summit? Subject content areas Locational knowledge: Pupils develop contextual knowledge of the location of globally significant places. Place knowledge: Communicate geographical information in a variety of ways, including writing at length. Interpret a range of geographical information. Physical geography: Describe and understand key aspects of physical geography, including mountains. Human geography: Describe and understand key aspects of human geography, including land use. Geographical skills and fieldwork: Use atlases, globes and digital/computer mapping to locate countries and describe features studied. Downloads Everest (PPT) Mount Everest factsheet for teachers
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology Specialist Report
    Motorized Travel Plan Hydrology Specialist Report Hydrology Specialist Report Motorized Travel Plan Dixie National Forest Reeds Valley, Cedar City Ranger District Prepared by Bill Goodman, East Zone Hydrologist and Chris Butler, West Zone Hydrologist May 2008 Updated March 2009 1 March 2009 Motorized Travel Plan Hydrology Specialist Report Table of Contents 3.0 Affected Environment.............................................................................................................2 3.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................................2 4.0 Environmental Consequences ...............................................................................................9 4.1 Direct and Indirect Effects..................................................................................................9 4.2 Cumulative Effects ...........................................................................................................17 5.0 Project Design Criteria Common to All Action Alternatives..................................................22 6.0 Compliance with Other Laws and Regulations ....................................................................23 6.1 Clean Water Act...............................................................................................................23 6.2 Executive Order 11988 (Protection of Floodplains) of May 24, 1977...............................23 6.3 Executive Order 11990 (Protection of Wetlands) of May 24, 1977..................................23
    [Show full text]
  • E-Book on Dynamic Geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and Western Canada) and Adjacent Marine Areas: Tectonics, Hazards, and Resources
    Dynamic Geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and Western Canada) and Adjacent Marine Areas: Tectonics, Hazards, and Resources Item Type Book Authors Bundtzen, Thomas K.; Nokleberg, Warren J.; Price, Raymond A.; Scholl, David W.; Stone, David B. Download date 03/10/2021 23:23:17 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7994 University of Alaska, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Rim Geological Consulting, Queens University REGIONAL EARTH SCIENCE FOR THE LAYPERSON THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEVELS E-Book on Dynamic Geology of the Northern Cordillera (Alaska and Western Canada) and Adjacent Marine Areas: Tectonics, Hazards, and Resources The E-Book describes, explains, and illustrates the have been subducted and have disappeared under the nature, origin, and geological evolution of the amazing Northern Cordillera. mountain system that extends through the Northern In alphabetical order, the marine areas adjacent to the Cordillera (Alaska and Western Canada), and the Northern Cordillera are the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea, intriguing geology of adjacent marine areas. Other Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and the Pacific objectives are to describe geological hazards (i.e., Ocean. volcanic and seismic hazards) and geological resources (i.e., mineral and fossil fuel resources), and to describe the scientific, economic, and social significance of the earth for this region. As an example, the figure on the last page illustrates earthquakes belts for this dangerous part of the globe. What is the Northern Cordillera? The Northern Cordillera is comprised of Alaska and Western Canada. Alaska contains a series of parallel mountain ranges, and intervening topographic basins and plateaus. From north to south, the major mountain ranges are the Brooks Range, Kuskokwim Mountains, Aleutian Range, Alaska Range, Wrangell Mountains, and the Chugach Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Louisiana Topography
    GEOGRAPHER'S SPACE by Richard Campanella TOP OF THE HILL Louisiana is the third lowest, third flattest state –and, topographically, among the most fascinating nless you live in the piney hills of northern Louisiana or the bowl is the Eastover neighborhood in eastern New Orleans, of which loess bluffs of West Feliciana Parish, the word “rugged” probably roughly half is 10 to 14 feet below sea level. Parts of Lakeview and Uarises rarely in your Louisiana lexicon. Likewise, it’s safe to say Gentilly are not much higher, at -6 to -8 feet, while certain canal beds that whoever coined the slogan “Sportsman’s Paradise” — in circulation throughout the metropolis are (when dry) 18 to 20 feet below sea since the 1860s and stenciled on state license plates since the late 1950s level. — was not referring to hiking or mountain climbing. Two hundred miles to the northwest, in rural Bienville Parish, lay Yet despite its subtlety, topographic elevation has been extraordinarily the quartz sands of the Cockfield Formation, a series of pine-covered consequential in Louisiana’s human geography because of its effects on hills peaking at Louisiana’s summit, 535-foot-high Mount Driskill. That soil fertility and habitability. More simply put, anything weak in supply high point measures one-tenth of a vertical mile above the state’s but strong in demand has great value. Our state is, after all, largely lowest point in eastern New Orleans. In contrast, elevational range of alluvial and deltaic in its physical geography, a product of sediment- California, whose apex (14,505-foot-high Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustaining the Science Impact of Summit Station, Greenland a White Paper Produced from the Summit Station Science Summit
    Sustaining the Science Impact of Summit Station, Greenland A white paper produced from the Summit Station Science Summit. Summit Station Science Summit conveners and lead authors: Lora Koenig, National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado Bruce Vaughn, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Acknowledgement of Funding: The lead authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation Arctic Science Section for funding this workshop and report through NSF award #PLR 1738123. Authors and Contact Information: Author Name Institution Address Email Lora Koenig NSIDC/University of Colorado National Snow and Ice Data [email protected] Center du University of Colorado UCB 449, 1540 30th Street Boulder CO 80303 Bruce Vaughn INSTAAR/University of Institute of Arctic and Alpine bruce.vaughn@colorad Colorado Research, University of o.edu Colorado UCB 450, 4001 Discovery Drive Boulder, CO 80303 John F. Burkhart University of Oslo Department of Geosciences, [email protected]. Sem Saelands vei 1, Oslo, no Norway 0371 Zoe Courville Thayer School of Engineering, Thayer School of [email protected] Dartmouth College and Cold Engineering, Dartmouth rmy.mil Regions Research and 14 Engineering Drive Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Hanover, NH 03755 Jack Dibb Institute for the Study of Institute for the Study of [email protected] Earth, Oceans, and Space, Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Morse Hall University of New Hampshire 8 College Road Durham, NH 03824-3525 Robert Hawley Dartmouth College, Department Department of Earth robert.hawley@dartmo of Earth Sciences, Sciences, Dartmouth uth.edu College, 6105 Fairchild Hall Hanover, NH 03755 Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Loss of Mt. Kenya's Glaciers
    geosciences Article Mapping the Loss of Mt. Kenya’s Glaciers: An Example of the Challenges of Satellite Monitoring of Very Small Glaciers Rainer Prinz 1,* ID , Armin Heller 2, Martin Ladner 2,3 ID , Lindsey I. Nicholson 4 and Georg Kaser 4 1 Department of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 36, 8010 Graz, Austria 2 Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (M.L.) 3 Austrian Alpine Club, Olympiastrasse 37, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria 4 Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] (L.I.N.); [email protected] (G.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-316-380-8296 Received: 31 March 2018; Accepted: 5 May 2018; Published: 11 May 2018 Abstract: Since the last complete glacier mapping of Mt. Kenya in 2004, strong glacier retreat and glacier disintegration have been reported. Here, we compile and present a new glacier inventory of Mt. Kenya to document recent glacier change. Glacier area and mass changes were derived from an orthophoto and digital elevation model extracted from Pléiades tri-stereo satellite images. We additionally explore the feasibility of using freely available imagery (Sentinel-2) and an alternative elevation model (TanDEM-X-DEM) for monitoring very small glaciers in complex terrain, but both proved to be inappropriate; Sentinel-2 because of its too coarse horizontal resolution compared to the very small glaciers, and TanDEM-X-DEM because of errors in the steep summit area of Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Planet, Our Health, Our Future
    DISCUSSION PAPER Our Planet, Our Health, Our Future Human health and the Rio Conventions: biological diversity, climate change and desertification Our Planet, Our Health, Our Future Our Planet, Our Health, Our Future Human health and the Rio Conventions: biological diversity, climate change and desertification Coordinating lead authors: Jonathan Patz1, Carlos Corvalan2, Pierre Horwitz3, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum4 Lead authors: Nick Watts5, Marina Maiero4, Sarah Olson1,6, Jennifer Hales7, Clark Miller8, Kathryn Campbell9, Cristina Romanelli9, David Cooper9 Reviewers: Daniele Violetti10, Fernando Castellanos Silveira10, Dan Bondi Ogolla10, Grant Kirkman10, Tiffany Hodgson10, Sergio Zelaya-Bonilla11, Elena Villalobos-Prats4 1 University of Wisconsin, USA; 2 Pan-American Health Organization and World Health Organization; 3 Edith Cowan University, Australia; 4 World Health Organization; 5 The University of Western Australia, Australia; 6 Wildlife Conservation Society; 7 Independent Consultant, Reston, VA, USA; 8 Arizona State University, USA; 9 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity; 10 Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; 11 Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. © World Health Organization 2012 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html).
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
    A/CONF.199/20* United Nations Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002 A/CONF.199/20* Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002 United Nations • New York, 2002 * Reissued for technical reasons. A/CONF.199/20* Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. A/CONF.199/20* United Nations publication Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 ISBN 92-1-104521-5 Contents Chapter Page I. Resolutions adopted by the Summit................................................ 1 1. Political Declaration.................................................... 1 2. Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development....... 6 3. Expression of thanks to the people and Government of South Africa ............ 73 4. Credentials of representatives to the World Summit on Sustainable Development.. 73 II. Attendance and organization of work .............................................. 74 A. Date and place of the Summit ................................................ 74 B. Attendance................................................................ 74 C. Opening of the Summit...................................................... 79 D. Election of the President and other officers of the Summit ......................... 79 E. Adoption of the rules of procedure ............................................ 80 F. Adoption of the agenda and other organizational matters .......................... 80 G. Accreditation of intergovernmental organizations ................................ 81 H. Organization of work, including the establishment of the Main Committee ..........
    [Show full text]