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University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
I I 72-15,173 BEHLING, Robert Edward, 1941- PEDOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON MORAINES OF THE MESERVE GLACIER, ANTARCTICA. The Ohio State University in cooperation with Miami (Ohio) University, Ph.D., 1971 Geology University Microfilms,A XEROX Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan PEDOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON MORAINES OF THE MESERVE GLACIER, ANTARCTICA DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert E. Behling, B.Sc., M*Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by Adv Department f Geology PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study could not have been possible without the cooperation of faculty members of the departments of agronomy, mineralogy, and geology, I wish to thank Dr. R. P. Goldthwait as chairman of my committee, Dr. L. P. Wilding and Dr. R. T. Tettenhorst as members of my reading committee, as well as Dr. C. B. Bull and Dr. K. R. Everett for valuable assistance and criticism of the manuscript. A special thanks is due Dr. K. R. Everett for guidance during that first field season, and to Dr. F. Ugolini who first introduced me to the problems of weathering in cold deserts. Numerous people contributed to this end result through endless discussions: Dr. Lois Jones and Dr. P. Calkin receive special thanks, as do Dr. G. Holdsworth and Maurice McSaveney. Laboratory assistance was given by Mr. Paul Mayewski and R. W. Behling. Field logistic support in Antarctica was supplied by the U.S. -
Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and Other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: a Review
toxins Review Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review Georg G¨аrtner 1, Maya Stoyneva-G¨аrtner 2 and Blagoy Uzunov 2,* 1 Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 blvd. Dragan Tsankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; mstoyneva@uni-sofia.bg * Correspondence: buzunov@uni-sofia.bg Abstract: The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, Citation: G¨аrtner, G.; the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, ¨а Stoyneva-G rtner, M.; Uzunov, B. -
Boletín Antártico Chileno, Edición Especial
EL CONTINENTE DONDE EMPIEZA EL FUTURO Índice DIRECTOR Y REPRESENTANTE LEGAL Presentación José Retamales Espinoza 5 Prólogo 7 EDITOR Reiner Canales La relación entre Sudamérica y la Antártica 11 (E-mail: [email protected]) El pasado de la Antártica… ¿una incógnita develada? 13 COMITÉ EDITORIAL Marcelo Leppe Cartes Edgardo Vega Separación de la fauna marina antártica y sudamericana desde una aproximación molecular 21 Marcelo González Elie Poulin, Claudio González-Wevar, Mathias Hüne, Angie Díaz Marcelo Leppe Conexiones geológicas entre Sudamérica y Antártica 27 Francisco Hervé Allamand DIRECCIÓN DE ARTE Pablo Ruiz Teneb Adaptaciones al Medio Antártico y Biorrecursos 33 El interés por esudiar la biodiversidad microbiológica en la Antártica 35 DISEÑO / DIAGRAMACIÓN Jenny M. Blamey Oscar Giordano / Menssage Producciones El capital celular y molecular para vivir a temperaturas bajo cero en aguas antárticas 39 Víctor Bugueño / Menssage Producciones Marcelo González Aravena Las esrategias de las plantas antárticas para sobrevivir en ambientes extremos y su rol como biorrecursos 45 PORTADA Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez, Jorge Gallardo-Cerda, Rasme Hereme y Crisian Torres-Díaz EL CONTINENTE Arnaldo Gómez / Menssage Producciones DONDE EMPIEZA EL FUTURO Biodiversidad 53 A más de medio siglo IMPRESIÓN de la fundación del Menssage Producciones Las aves marinas de la península Antártica 55 Instituto Antártico Chileno Santiago de Chile Javier A. Arata El desafío de esudiar y comprender la biodiversidad de los mamíferos marinos antárticos 59 Elías Barticevic Cornejo y FOTOGRAFÍA Anelio Aguayo Lobo Óscar Barrientos Bradasic (Eds.) La desconocida vida y diversidad de los invertebrados terresres antárticos 67 Agradecemos a los autores citados en los créditos Daniel González Acuña fotográficos por su aporte en imágenes al regisro Autores Caracterísicas de la fauna que habita los fondos coseros profundos de la Antártica 75 hisórico de la ciencia antártica nacional. -
Bulletin Vol. 13 No. 6 June 1994 Voilodvlnv Antarctic Vol
aniamcik Bulletin Vol. 13 No. 6 June 1994 VOIlOdVlNV Antarctic Vol. 13 No. 6 Issue No. 149 June 1994 Contents Polar New Zealand 226 Australia 238 France 240, 263 ANTARCTIC is published Germany 246 United Kingdom 249 quarterly by the New Zealand United States 252 Antarctic Society Inc., 1979 ISSN 0003-5327 Sub Antarctic See France Editor: Robin Ormerod Please address all editorial General inquiries, contributions etc to the: Editor, P.O. Box 2110, Able restored 269 Wellington N.Z. Antarctic Heritage Trusts 268 Telephone: (04) 4791.226 Antarctic Treaty 262 International: + 64 4 + 4791.226 Cape Roberts deferred 229 Fax: (04) 4791.185 Last dogs leave 249 International: + 64 4 + 4791.185 Emperors of Antarctica 264 Lockheed Contract 231 All NZ administrative enquiries Vanda Station 232 should go to the: National Secretary, P O. Box Obituaries 404, Christchurch All overseas administrative Dr Trevor Hatherton 271 enquiries should go to the: Overseas Secretary, P.O. Box Books 2110, Wellington, NZ Mind over Matter 274 Inquiries regarding back issues of Shadows over wasteland 276 Antarctic to P.O. Box 16485, Christchurch Cover: En route to the Emperor pen guin colony at Cape Crozier April 1992. \C) No part of this publication may be produced in any way without the prior permis sion of the publishers. Photo: Max Quinn ANTARCTIC June 1994 Vol.13 No. 6 New Zealand Successful airdrop breaks winter routine for 11 New Zealanders The midwinter airdrop took place in good conditions as scheduled on Tuesday June 21 and Thursday June 23. Each flight was undertaken by a Starlifter, refuelled en route by KC10 Extender, and crewed by up to 28 members from the selected team, some of whom came from 62nd Group McCord Airbase in the US. -
MICROBIAL LIFE in BLOOD FALLS: an ANCIENT ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEM. J.A. Mikucki1 and J.C.Priscu1 1 Montana State University, Dept. O
Second Conference on Early Mars (2004) 8023.pdf MICROBIAL LIFE IN BLOOD FALLS: AN ANCIENT ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEM. J.A. Mikucki1 and J.C.Priscu1 1 Montana State University, Dept. of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, MT, USA. email: [email protected] Blood Falls is a unique subglacial discharge at the terminus of Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Ice penetrating radar data and geochemical analyses of Taylor’s subglacial outflow strongly implicate the presence of ancient entrapped marine waters below the glacier [1]. These waters are thought to originate from the Pliocene Epoch (~5Mya) when the dry valleys were fjord-like. Blood Falls (Figure 1), an iron-rich salt cone, accumulates where subglacial flow meets the ice surface at the snout of Taylor Glacier. The episodic release of subglacial water provides a sample of potentially ancient seawater and of the subglacial ecosystem lying beneath Taylor Glacier. Biogeochemical measurements, culture-based techniques, and molecular analysis (based on 16S rDNA sequences), have been used to characterize microbes and chemistry associated with outflow waters. In the absence of direct samples from below Taylor Glacier, these data allow us to infer the composition of this microbial subglacial niche. Iron-reducing Figure 1. Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. January, 2004. isolates, clone libraries dominated by 16S rDNA sequences with high identity to Thiomicrospira sp., and increased 14C-bicarbonate incorporation in samples amended with reduced sulfur provides evidence for lifestyles that derive energy from iron and sulfur compounds. Based on the prevalence of cold environments in our solar system, the search for extant extraterrestrial life will focus largely on icy habitats. -
Deep Groundwater and Potential Subsurface Habitats Beneath an Antarctic Dry Valley
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Microbiology Publications and Other Works Microbiology 4-28-2015 Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley Jill A. Mikucki University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] E. Auken Aarhus University S. Tulaczyk University of California, Santa Cruz, [email protected] R. A. Virginia Dartmouth College C. Schamper Sorbonne Universités See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_micrpubs Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Mikucki, J. A., Auken, E., Tulaczyk, S., Virginia, R. A., Schamper, C., Sørensen, K. I., ... & Foley, N. (2015). Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley. Nature communications, 6. Doi: 10.1038/ncomms7831 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Microbiology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Microbiology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Jill A. Mikucki, E. Auken, S. Tulaczyk, R. A. Virginia, C. Schamper, K. I. Sørensen, P. T. Doran, H. Dugan, and N. Foley This article is available at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ utk_micrpubs/79 ARTICLE Received 21 May 2014 | Accepted 2 Mar 2015 | Published 28 Apr 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7831 OPEN Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley J.A. Mikucki1, E. Auken2, S. Tulaczyk3, R.A. Virginia4, C. Schamper5, K.I. Sørensen2, P.T. -
Planktonic Microbial Community Composition Across Steep Physical
Geobiology (2006), 4, 53–67 PlanktonicBlackwellMicrobialORIGINAL Publishingdiversity ARTICLE in Ltdpermanently ice-covered Lake Bonney microbial community composition across steep physical/chemical gradients in permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney, Antarctica R. E. GLATZ,1 P. W. LEPP,2 B. B. WARD3 AND C. A. FRANCIS1 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2Department of Biology, Minot State University, Minot, ND 58707, USA 3Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA ABSTRACT Lake Bonney is a chemically stratified, permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake that is unusual because anoma- lous nutrient concentrations in the east lobe suggest that denitrification occurs in the deep suboxic waters of the west lobe but not the east lobe, resulting in high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite below the east lobe chemocline. Environmental factors that usually control denitrification rates (e.g. organic carbon, nitrate, oxygen) do not appear to explain the nitrate distribution in the east lobe, suggesting that other factors (e.g. trace metals, salts, microbial community structure, etc.) may be involved. In order to explore the potential importance of microbial community composition, samples collected from multiple depths in both lobes were compared on the basis of 16S rRNA gene diversity. 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) clone libraries generated from five depths were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), rarefaction, statistical and phyloge- netic analyses. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for clones corresponding to unique RFLP patterns. The bacterial community below the chemocline (at 25 m) in the east lobe was the least diverse of the five depths analysed and was compositionally distinct from the communities of the overlying waters. -
Deep Groundwater and Potential Subsurface Habitats Beneath an Antarctic Dry Valley
ARTICLE Received 21 May 2014 | Accepted 2 Mar 2015 | Published 28 Apr 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7831 OPEN Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley J.A. Mikucki1, E. Auken2, S. Tulaczyk3, R.A. Virginia4, C. Schamper5, K.I. Sørensen2, P.T. Doran6, H. Dugan7 & N. Foley3 The occurrence of groundwater in Antarctica, particularly in the ice-free regions and along the coastal margins is poorly understood. Here we use an airborne transient electromagnetic (AEM) sensor to produce extensive imagery of resistivity beneath Taylor Valley. Regional- scale zones of low subsurface resistivity were detected that are inconsistent with the high resistivity of glacier ice or dry permafrost in this region. We interpret these results as an indication that liquid, with sufficiently high solute content, exists at temperatures well below freezing and considered within the range suitable for microbial life. These inferred brines are widespread within permafrost and extend below glaciers and lakes. One system emanates from below Taylor Glacier into Lake Bonney and a second system connects the ocean with the eastern 18 km of the valley. A connection between these two basins was not detected to the depth limitation of the AEM survey (B350 m). 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. 2 Department of Geosciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. 4 Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. 5 Sorbonne Universite´s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75252, France. -
Glaciers in Equilibrium, Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Portland State University PDXScholar Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations Geology 10-2016 Glaciers in Equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Andrew G. Fountain Portland State University, [email protected] Hassan J. Basagic Portland State University, [email protected] Spencer Niebuhr University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_fac Part of the Glaciology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details FOUNTAIN, A.G., BASAGIC, H.J. and NIEBUHR, S. (2016) Glaciers in equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Journal of Glaciology, pp. 1–14. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Journal of Glaciology (2016), Page 1 of 14 doi: 10.1017/jog.2016.86 © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Glaciers in equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica ANDREW G. FOUNTAIN,1 HASSAN J. BASAGIC IV,1 SPENCER NIEBUHR2 1Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA 2Polar Geospatial Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Correspondence: Andrew G. Fountain <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a cold, dry polar desert and the alpine glaciers therein exhibit small annual and seasonal mass balances, often <±0.06 m w.e. -
Microbial Diversity, Activity, and Ecology of a Hypersaline High Arctic Spring System
Microbial Diversity, Activity, and Ecology of a Hypersaline High Arctic Spring System Chih-Ying Lay Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University, Montreal August, 2013 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of PhD. ©2013 Although we have no rational grounds for believing in an objective reality, we also have no choice but to act as if it is true. - David Hume 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Lyle G. Whyte, my supervisor, who let me study in his lab and supported me with his resources to complete my PhD research. From his supervision, I acquired a lot of knowledge of experiment design, planning field trips, interpreting research results, and building academic networks. His enthusiasm on unique microbiology topics and desires of using newly-developed technologies always encouraged me to face all the trendiest topics in the frontline of environmental microbiology. He let me to attend the unforgettable field trip to the Canadian High Arctic to perform field works. Without his help, I will not finish this thesis. I also would like to thank all the support from Dr. Charles Greer, Dr. Brian Driscoll, Dr. Donald Niven, and Dr. Sébastien Faucher. They always kindly gave me many useful and professional advices to overcome research problems. I would like to thank Dr. Thomas Niederberger, Dr. Nadia Mykytczuk and Dr. Étienne Yergeau. When I had in situ questions or problems for my research, they always offered me the most immediate helps. My lab mates, Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon, Sara Sheibani, Roland Wilhelm, Kris Radtke, Jen Allan, Jackie Goordial, Diana Popa, Sara Klemm, Dr. -
A Technology for Retrieving Specific DNA Sequences from Complex Mixtures Kelley Gwin Nunez Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 Selective Enrichment Through Capture (SEC): A Technology for Retrieving Specific DNA Sequences from Complex Mixtures Kelley Gwin Nunez Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Nunez, Kelley Gwin, "Selective Enrichment Through Capture (SEC): A Technology for Retrieving Specific DNA eS quences from Complex Mixtures" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 514. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/514 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT THROUGH CAPTURE (SEC): A TECHNOLOGY FOR RETREIVING SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCES FROM COMPLEX MIXTURES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Kelley G. Núñez B.S., Louisiana State University, 2009 December 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. John R. Battista who has guided me in becoming a well-rounded scientist. You have been an excellent mentor and have always been available for discussions. I have learned an enormous amount over the last five years about what it takes to be a scientist and I am extremely grateful for your patience, guidance, and freedom to pursue a wide variety of projects. -
View and Research Objectives
University of Alberta Carotenoid diversity in novel Hymenobacter strains isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica, and implications for the evolution of microbial carotenoid biosynthesis by Jonathan Lee Klassen A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Cell Biotechnology Department of Biological Sciences ©Jonathan Lee Klassen Fall 2009 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Examining Committee Dr. Julia Foght, Department of Biological Science Dr. Phillip Fedorak, Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Brenda Leskiw, Department of Biological Sciences Dr. David Bressler, Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science Dr. Jeffrey Lawrence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Abstract Many diverse microbes have been detected in or isolated from glaciers, including novel taxa exhibiting previously unrecognized physiological properties with significant biotechnological potential. Of 29 unique phylotypes isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica (VUG), 12 were related to the poorly studied bacterial genus Hymenobacter including several only distantly related to previously described taxa.