Evangelicals and the Synoptic Problem
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The Synoptic Problem
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM 1. The Literary Interrelationship of the Synoptic Gospels 1.1. That Matthew, Mark and Luke are similar to one another in content, the order of pericopes and in expression (style and vocabulary) is obvious to even the casual observer. (A pericope is technical term for a unit of gospel tradition.) This raises the question of why they are similar to one another in these respects. This is known as the synoptic problem. 1.1.2. In the late nineteenth century, B.F. Westcott proposed that the independent use of oral tra- dition by the three synoptic writers would account for any similarity ( An Introduction to the Study of the Gospels ). But the similarity seems too great not to postulate some sort of literary depend- ence among the synoptic gospels. This is especially true of the similarity in the order of the peric- opes and, in particular, the order of the triple tradition. It seems unlikely that the individual units of oral tradition would have been passed on in a set order, since the order of pericopes in the syn- optic gospels is generally non-chronological. 1.1.3. That the synoptic gospels are literarily related in some way becomes even more obvious when one compares the synoptic gospels to the Gospel of John. It is clear from a comparison of one of the few overlaps in content between them (outside of the Passion and Resurrection narra- tives) that the synoptic gospels are literarily related to one another. A comparison of the account of the Feeding of the 5,000 from any one of the synoptic gospels with that of the Gospel of John yields no verbatim agreement beyond what one would expect of accounts of the same event. -
Jared Anderson a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University Of
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL IN THE WRITINGS OF ORIGEN Jared Anderson A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Religious Studies. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Bart Ehrman Joel Marcus Zlatko Plese © 2008 Jared Anderson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jared Anderson: An Analysis of the Text of the Fourth Gospel in the Writings of Origen (Under the direction of Bart Ehrman) This thesis provides an analysis of the text of the Gospel of John in the writings of Origen of Alexandria (ca. 185-254). Two types of textual analyses, Quantitative and Group Profile, make up the core of this study. Such methods enable scholars to trace the history of transmission of the NT text, and this study confirms that Origen’s text of John is a strong representative of the “Primary Alexandrian” text type, the purest form of the New Testament text. This thesis also provides a history of research of Origen’s text of the New Testament, refines the critical methods used, and models the use of computer programs that increase the accuracy and efficiency of such studies. Finally, the conclusion places these data into historical context and answers several important questions, such as whether Origen changed his manuscripts of John upon relocation from Alexandria to Caesarea in 231. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All academic enterprises build up on previous scholarly endeavors, but this principle holds true in regard to this project to an unusual degree. -
Baptists, Bishops and the Sacerdotal Ministry
374 BAPTISTS, BISHOPS AND THE SACERDOTAL MINISTRY As a Baptist who before my ordination frequently presided at the Lord's Table - and on one occasion in the presence of no less than four Anglican priests (one of whom is now secretary to the Board of Mission and Unity) - I am by no means a l,ikely advocate of a fully sacerdotal ministry. Nevertheless, my view of ministry is what I would call a "high" view, which, combined with my in terest in symbol, ritual and liturgy has led some to label me a "Bapto-Catholic". I pray, however, that my view of ministry is not "high" because of personal pride in my own office, but out of humble recognition that despite my unworthiness, Christ has seen fit to call me and equip me as a Minister of Word and Sacra ment. I believe, moreover, that my "high" view of the ministry is consistent with,much of Baptist history. Indeed, the Baptist Statement of 1948 declared that "Baptists have had from the be ginning an exalted concept of the office of the christian minis- :' ter".l I will even go so far as to say (being in a provocative mood) that episcopacy - that highest of all concepts of ministry - also has a place in Baptist tradition. I will begin my defence where all good Baptists begin, with the Bible, by examining briefly the Biblical basis of episcope. In I Peter 2.25, Christ himself is described as the episcopos of our souis (translated as "guardian" in the R.S.V.). He is the Over-seer of the Church, His Body, of which He is the Head. -
The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: a Catholic Response
1 The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: A Catholic Response The following text considers and repudiates illegitimate concepts and principles used by Europeans to justify the seizure of land previously held by Indigenous Peoples and often identified by the terms Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius. An appendix provides an historical overview of the development of these concepts vis-a-vis Catholic teaching and of their repudiation. The presuppositions behind these concepts also undergirded the deeply regrettable policy of the removal of Indigenous children from their families and cultures in order to place them in residential schools. The text includes commitments which are recommended as a better way of walking together with Indigenous Peoples. Preamble The Truth and Reconciliation process of recent years has helped us to recognize anew the historical abuses perpetrated against Indigenous peoples in our land. We have also listened to and been humbled by courageous testimonies detailing abuse, inhuman treatment, and cultural denigration committed through the residential school system. In this brief note, which is an expression of our determination to collaborate with First Nations, Inuit and Métis in moving forward, and also in part a response to the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, we would like to reflect in particular on how land was often seized from its Indigenous inhabitants without their consent or any legal justification. The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB), the Canadian Catholic Aboriginal Council and other Catholic organizations have been reflecting on the concepts of the Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius for some time (a more detailed historical analysis is included in the attached Appendix). -
Tuomas Havukainen: the Quest for the Memory of Jesus
Tuomas Havukainen The Quest for the Memory of Jesus: A Havukainen Tuomas Viable Path or a Dead End? Tuomas Havukainen | This study is focused on the active international or a Dead End? Path Viable the Memory Quest for The of Jesus: A field of study in which various theories of mem- ory (e.g. social/collective memory and individual The Quest for the Memory of Jesus: memory) and ancient media studies (e.g. study A Viable Path or a Dead End? of oral tradition and history) are applied to historical Jesus research. The main purpose of the dissertation is to study whether the memory approach constitutes a coherent methodological school of thought. The dissertation discusses in what ways the memory approach distinguishes itself from earlier research and whether one can speak of a new beginning in historical Jesus research. A central focus of the study is the research-historical discussion on the nature and processes of the transmission of the Jesus tradi- tions in early Christianity, which is a significant research problem for both earlier historical Jesus research and the memory approach. | 2017 9 789517 658812 Åbo Akademi University Press | ISBN 978-951-765-881-2 Tuomas Havukainen (born 1988) Master of Theology (MTh) 2012, University of Wales Cover Photo: by Patrik Šlechta, September 11, 2014, from Pixabay.com. Photo licensed under CC0 1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://pixabay.com/en/israel-path-dune-desert-499050/ Åbo Akademi University Press Tavastgatan 13, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland Tel. +358 (0)2 215 3478 E-mail: [email protected] Sales and distribution: Åbo Akademi University Library Domkyrkogatan 2–4, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland Tel. -
The Pre-History of Subsidiarity in Leo XIII
Journal of Catholic Legal Studies Volume 56 Number 1 Article 5 The Pre-History of Subsidiarity in Leo XIII Michael P. Moreland Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcls This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Catholic Legal Studies by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FINAL_MORELAND 8/14/2018 9:10 PM THE PRE-HISTORY OF SUBSIDIARITY IN LEO XIII MICHAEL P. MORELAND† Christian Legal Thought is a much-anticipated contribution from Patrick Brennan and William Brewbaker that brings the resources of the Christian intellectual tradition to bear on law and legal education. Among its many strengths, the book deftly combines Catholic and Protestant contributions and scholarly material with more widely accessible sources such as sermons and newspaper columns. But no project aiming at a crisp and manageably-sized presentation of Christianity’s contribution to law could hope to offer a comprehensive treatment of particular themes. And so, in this brief essay, I seek to elaborate upon the treatment of the principle of subsidiarity in Catholic social thought. Subsidiarity is mentioned a handful of times in Christian Legal Thought, most squarely with a lengthy quotation from Pius XI’s articulation of the principle in Quadragesimo Anno.1 In this proposed elaboration of subsidiarity, I wish to broaden the discussion of subsidiarity historically (back a few decades from Quadragesimo Anno to the pontificate of Leo XIII) and philosophically (most especially its relation to Leo XIII’s revival of Thomism).2 Statements of the principle have historically been terse and straightforward even if the application of subsidiarity to particular legal questions has not. -
Complete List: 1-A
Complete list: 1-a 1 & 2 Chronicles 1 & 2 Thessalonians 1–3 John Acts Louis C. Jonker David J. Williams Robert W. Yarbrough Mikeal C. Parsons Understanding THE BIBLE Understanding THE BIBLE BAKER EXEGETICAL Commentary PAIDEIA: Commentaries Commentary SERIES Commentary SERIES ON THE NEW Testament ON THE NEW Testament 978-0-8010-4825-8 • 352 pages 978-0-8010-4806-7 • 192 pages 978-0-8010-2687-4 • 464 pages 978-0-8010-3188-5 • 464 pages $23.00p* • Baker Books $17.00p* • Baker Books $42.99c • Baker Academic $30.00p* • Baker Academic ebook available ebook available ebook available ebook available UK rights: Paternoster UK rights: Paternoster 1, 2 & 3 John Acts 1 & 2 Kings 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus Thomas F. Johnson Jaroslav Pelikan Peter J. Leithart Gordon D. Fee Understanding THE BIBLE BRAZOS THEOLOGICAL BRAZOS THEOLOGICAL Understanding THE BIBLE Commentary SERIES Commentary ON THE BIBLE Commentary ON THE BIBLE Commentary SERIES 978-0-8010-4671-1 • 224 pages 978-1-58743-354-2 • 320 pages 978-1-58743-397-9 • 304 pages 978-0-8010-4623-0 • 350 pages $17.00p* • Baker Books $28.00p* • Brazos Press $28.00p* • Brazos Press $18.00p* • Baker Books ebook available ebook available ebook available ebook available UK rights: Paternoster EU rights: SCM-Canterbury Press EU rights: SCM-Canterbury Press UK rights: Paternoster 2 Corinthians Acts 1 & 2 Kings 1 Corinthians George H. Guthrie David J. Williams Iain W. Provan David E. Garland BAKER EXEGETICAL Commentary Understanding THE BIBLE Understanding THE BIBLE BAKER EXEGETICAL Commentary ON THE NEW Testament Commentary SERIES Commentary SERIES ON THE NEW Testament 978-0-8010-2673-7 • 736 pages 978-0-8010-4805-0 • 512 pages 978-0-8010-4748-0 • 320 pages 978-0-8010-2630-0 • 896 pages $49.99c • Baker Academic $22.00p* • Baker Books $18.00p* • Baker Books $54.99c • Baker Academic ebook available ebook available ebook available ebook available UK rights: Paternoster UK rights: Paternoster 2 Corinthians 1 Corinthians James M. -
Summary of Baird, History of New Testament Research Vol
A SUMMARY OF HISTORY OF NEW TESTAMENT RESEARCH, VOL. 1–3 BY WILLIAM BAIRD VOLUME 1: FROM DEISM TO TÜBINGEN INTRODUCTION Baird introduces his book with a quick sketch of the history of NT research before the Enlightenment, as well as a brief word about the methodology of his book. His plan is that the volumes will investigate NT research in the modern age.1 Before the Enlightenment The early church dealt with the issue of the canon. They judged all of the books to be of apostolic authority. They moved between literal (Antiochene) and allegorical (Alexandrian) interpretation. They gradually agreed that the apostolic church had the exclusive right to interpret the scriptures.2 In the Middle Ages, people interpreted the Scripture according to the four levels of meaning: literal, allegorical, tropological (or moral), and anagogical. Thus, “in Gal. 4:24-25, ‘Jerusalem’ could properly be interpreted to mean the historical city in Judea (literally), the Christian church (allegorically), the human soul (morally), and the heavenly city (anagogically).”3 Some were aware of the potential to abuse, and gave priority to the literal sense (as with Aquinas, who said the three spiritual senses had to be rooted in the literal sense).4 During the Reformation, the Bible was placed at the forefront as the foundation for the Christian faith. The reformers were influenced by the exegetical methods of the Renaissance humanists. They inherited the technical methods that were used for the study of ancient literary works. Furthermore, they agreed that the only meaning Scripture has is the literal meaning. The Reformers attempted to return to a study of what the authors of Scripture meant. -
MERTHYR MAWR ESTATE COLLECTION DMM Nicholl
CONTENTS NICHOLL/ MERTHYR MAWR ESTATE COLLECTION DMM Nicholl/ Merthyr Mawr See also: DN handlist DMM Nicholl/ Merthyr Mawr Page 1-2 Introduction: The Nicholl family of Merthyr Mawr 3-5 Family Diaries, Journals, Accounts, Memoranda, etc (including some estate and household accounts) -Sir John Nicholl -Mary Anne Nicholl -John Nicholl junior (and family) -John Cole Nicholl -John I.D. Nicholl 6-13 Correspondence Correspondents: -Birt family to doctor and mrs John Nicholl -Eliz. Nicholl (nee Harvard), to son John and granddaughter Mary Anne -John Nicholl to wife Judy -Sir John Nicholl to R. Jenner -Sir John and lady Nicholl to younger children Jn. and Kath. Nicholl -Lady Judy Nicholl and relations to Jn. Nichol jun. Also: various letters from Sir John Nicholl to his wife, one from Jn. N. jun. to his father, and one from Wm. Page to sir John Nicholl -Family and friends to Mary Anne, Judy and Kath. Nicholl -Frances Ann Grey (w. of Wm. Booth Grey) to lady Judy Nicholl -Sir John Nicholl to his son Jn. -Lady Judy Nicholl to her son Jn. -Jn. Nicholl jun. to his parents and sisters. Also: list of passmen at Oxford, 1818 -Letters of congratulation received by Jn. Nicholl jun. on gaining first class degree at Oxford. Also: List of passmen at Oxford, 1818 -Jn. Nicholl jun. to his parents and sisters -Letters of congratulation received by Jn. Nicholl on his forthcoming marriage -Jn. Nicholl jun. to his parents and sisters -Lady Judy Nicholl to her children -Jane Harriot Nicholl to her sisters at Penrice -Sir John Nicholl to his son Jn. -
Academic Catalog Spring 2017 Bible and Interpretation
BAKER PUBLISHING GROUP ACADEMIC CATALOG Spring 2017 SPRING 2017 ACADEMIC CATALOG BIBLE AND INTERPRETATION Christian Doctrine and the Old Testament Theology in the Service of Biblical Exegesis Gary A. Anderson “In this profound and engaging volume, one of the keenest theo- logical minds of our time explores the Old Testament foundations of major Christian doctrines with great respect both for Judaism and for the original context of the Scriptures he discusses. The book is a rarity in scholarship and a major achievement from which anyone with an interest in Christian theology or the Old Testament can profit.”—Jon D. Levenson, Harvard University “Readers will delight in tracking Anderson’s march through the Scriptures with high theological concepts in hand. There is a freshness and originality here that few biblical scholars can match.”—Robert Louis Wilken, University of Virginia “Creative, profound, even startling, these studies by Anderson open up fresh vistas for reading the Old Testament through the resources both of Jewish tradition and of historic Christian theology. A game-changing work of scholarship.”—Walter Moberly, Durham University CONTENTS Introduction PART 1: “WHO IS A GOD LIKE YOU?” 1. Apophatic Theology: The Transcendence of God and the Story of Nadab and Abihu Gary A. Anderson (PhD, Harvard University) is 2. The Impassibility of God: Moses, Jonah, and the Theo-Drama of Intercessory Prayer Hesburgh Professor of Catholic Theology at the University of Notre Dame and is a past president of PART 2: “IN THE BEGINNING” I the Catholic Biblical Association. He is the author or 3. Creation: Creatio ex Nihilo and the Bible editor of more than ten books, including the award April 2017 4. -
The Argument from Miracles: a Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth
The Argument from Miracles: A Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth Introduction It is a curiosity of the history of ideas that the argument from miracles is today better known as the object of a famous attack than as a piece of reasoning in its own right. It was not always so. From Paul’s defense before Agrippa to the polemics of the orthodox against the deists at the heart of the Enlightenment, the argument from miracles was central to the discussion of the reasonableness of Christian belief, often supplemented by other considerations but rarely omitted by any responsible writer. But in the contemporary literature on the philosophy of religion it is not at all uncommon to find entire works that mention the positive argument from miracles only in passing or ignore it altogether. Part of the explanation for this dramatic change in emphasis is a shift that has taken place in the conception of philosophy and, in consequence, in the conception of the project of natural theology. What makes an argument distinctively philosophical under the new rubric is that it is substantially a priori, relying at most on facts that are common knowledge. This is not to say that such arguments must be crude. The level of technical sophistication required to work through some contemporary versions of the cosmological and teleological arguments is daunting. But their factual premises are not numerous and are often commonplaces that an educated nonspecialist can readily grasp – that something exists, that the universe had a beginning in time, that life as we know it could flourish only in an environment very much like our own, that some things that are not human artifacts have an appearance of having been designed. -
Hell: Never, Forever, Or Just for Awhile?
TMSJ 9/2 (Fall 1998) 129-145 HELL: NEVER, FOREVER, OR JUST FOR AWHILE? Richard L. Mayhue Senior Vice President and Dean Professor of Theology and Pastoral Ministries The plethora of literature produced in the last two decades on the basic nature of hell indicates a growing debate in evangelicalism that has not been experienced since the latter half of the nineteenth century. This introductory article to the entire theme issue of TMSJ sets forth the context of the question of whether hell involves conscious torment forever in Gehenna for unbelievers or their annihilation after the final judgment. It discusses historical, philosophical, lexical, contextual, and theological issues that prove crucial to reaching a definitive biblical conclusion. In the end, hell is a conscious, personal torment forever; it is not “just for awhile” before annihilation after the final judgment (conditional immortality) nor is its final retribution “never” (universalism). * * * * * A few noted evangelicals such as Clark Pinnock,1 John Stott,2 and John Wenham3 have in recent years challenged the doctrine of eternal torment forever in hell as God’s final judgment on all unbelievers. James Hunter, in his landmark “sociological interpretation” of evangelicalism, notes that “. it is clear that there is a measurable degree of uneasiness within this generation of Evangelicals with the notion of an eternal damnation.”4 The 1989 evangelical doctrinal caucus “Evangelical Affirmations” surprisingly debated this issue. “Strong disagreements did surface over the position of annihilationism, a view that holds that unsaved souls 1Clark H. Pinnock, “The Conditional View,” in Four Views on Hell, ed. by William Crockett (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996) 135-66.