DOCSLIB.ORG

Resource Recovery Through Thermochemical Conversion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resource Recovery Through Thermochemical Conversion Enhancing the circular economy: Resource recovery through thermochemical conversion processesll waste and biomass of land Doctoral Thesis in Materials Science and Engineering Enhancing the circular economy: Resource recovery through thermochemical conversion processes of land ll waste and biomass ILMAN NURAN ZAINI ISBN TRITAITMAVL : KTH www.kth.se Stockholm, Sweden Enhancing the circular economy: Resource recovery through thermochemical conversion processes of landfill waste and biomass ILMAN NURAN ZAINI Academic Dissertation which, with due permission of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, is submitted for public defence for the Degree of Doctor of Technology on Friday the 11th June 2021, at 02:00 p.m. digital. Doctoral Thesis in Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden 2021 © Ilman Nuran Zaini ISBN 978-91-7873-913-4 TRITA-ITM-AVL 2021:29 Printed by: Universitetsservice US-AB, Sweden 2021 Abstract Currently, the global economy looses a considerable amount of potential secondary raw materials from the disposed waste streams. Furthermore, the existing landfill sites that often do not have proper environmental protection technologies pose a long-lasting risk for the environment, which urge immediate actions for landfill remediations. At the same time, the energy recovery from waste through conventional incinerators has been criticized for its CO2 emissions. Alternatively, pyrolysis and gasification offer the potential to recover secondary resources from waste and biomass streams, which can increase the circularity of the material resources and limit the CO2 emissions. This thesis aims to realize feasible thermochemical processes to enhance the material resources' circularity by treating landfill waste and biomass. Correspondingly, fundamental studies involving experimental works and process developments through lab-scale experiments and process simulations are carried out. The thesis is written based on the results from five different studies that cover the investigation regarding the effect of waste/biomass fuel properties on the performance of the pyrolysis and gasification processes, as well as the process development and improvement of thermochemical conversion processes of waste and biomass. The first study investigates the primary fragmentation behaviour of waste fuel pellets during the pyrolysis stage of thermochemical conversion processes. This study shows that the fragmentation degree of waste pellets correlates well with their volatile matter contents. Meanwhile, there is no clear relation between the fragmentation degree and the pellets’ mechanical strength. Generally, due to the high volatile matter content from plastic, fuel pellets from waste tend to fragment into a high number of smaller particles than typical biomass or coal pellets during thermochemical processes. Hence, for some processes, improving the thermal stability of waste pellets is more relevant than improving their mechanical strength. Subsequently, the second study examines the reactivity and kinetics behaviour of waste-derived char during gasification. In general, it is found that the char reactivity is a function of the ash amount and the ratio of inorganic catalytic elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, and Fe) to the inhibitor elements (Si, Al, and Cl). More importantly, the char gasification test results demonstrated the significance of the waste sorting processes' operating conditions on the thermal behaviour of the waste fuel, especially during the gasification process. Meanwhile, the third study investigates the syngas and tar formations resulting from different interactions between plastic and paper fractions of solid waste. The results show that the interaction between plastic and paper significantly depends on the hydrocarbon chain structures of the plastic polymer. Specifically, the interactions of iii aliphatic-structured plastic polymers (represented by PE) and paper cause synergistic effects that reduce the tar and increase the syngas yields. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects tend to be less evident in the case of co-gasification between paper and an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer, represented by PS. Based on the results of the previous studies, a co-gasification process of waste with biomass or biochar is proposed in the fourth study. It is found that adding biochar during the gasification of waste could significantly increase the syngas and H2 production to become higher than that of when adding biomass. Synergistic effects are observed in the form of an extensive syngas yield increment and a tar yield reduction, due to the tar reforming reactions over biochar particles. In general, both biochar and biomass additions result in a higher energy yield ratio, suggesting that it could improve the efficiency of the waste gasification. Finally, the fifth study focuses on process simulations and operational cost assessments of co-production of H2, biochar, and bio-oil from biomass. The process simulation study is carried out to evaluate different scenarios for producing biochar, bio-oil, and H2 based on a biomass pyrolysis process coupled with a steam reforming and a WGS process. Based on the calculations of the total operating cost and the potential revenue, it is found that the production of bio-oil is more economically beneficial than the production of H2. The estimated minimum selling price for biochar and bio-oil based on the operating cost alone is within the price ranges of related commodities in Sweden (i.e., charcoal, coal, coke and oil crude). Nevertheless, capital and operating costs for post-processing of bio-oil should also be considered in the future to obtain a more complete economic judgement. Keywords: gasification; pyrolysis; waste-to-energy; landfill waste; hydrogen production; circular economy; municipal solid waste iv Sammanfattning Förnärvarande så försvinner en stor mängd sekundära råmaterial som avfall istället för att bidra till en global ekonomi. Dessutom så är de existerande avfallsdeponierna inte utrustade med teknologier för att förhindra långsiktiga risker för miljöförstöringar, vilket gör att det är av yttersta vikt att vidta åtgärder för att hantera dessa avfallsdeponier. Samtidigt så har energiåtervinning baserat på förbränning av avfall kritiserats för den leder till ökade CO2 utsläpp. Här utgör pyrolys och förgasningsprocesser bra alternativ för att möjliggöra en återvinning av sekundära råmaterial från avfall och biomassa, vilket kan leda till en ökad cirkularitet av materialresurser och minskade CO2 emissioner. I denna avhandling diskuteras möjligheten att använda termokemiska processer för att öka cirkulationen av material baserat på utnyttjande av avfallsdeponier och biomassa. Fundamentala studier inriktade på utveckling av experimentella tekniker och processer har utförts baserat på försök I laboratorieskala och simuleringar. Avhandlingen innefattar resultat från fem olika undersökningar som behandlar studier av påverkan av bränsleegenskaperna hos avfall/biomassa på effektiviteten av pyrolys- och förgasningsprocesser samt på processutvecklingar och förbättringar av termokemiska konverteringsprocesser för avfall och biomassa. Den första undersökningen fokuserar på den primära sönderdelningen av pellets tillverkade av avfall vid pyrolyssteget av den termokemiska konverteringsprocesen. Resultaten visar att graden av sönderdelning av pellets från avfall är starkt kopplad till innehållet av lättflyktiga ämnen. Däremot så finns ingen klar koppling mellan graden av sönderdelning och den mekaniska styrkan hos pellets. Generellt så innebär den höga andelen av lättflyktiga ämnen i plaster att bränsle pellets tillverkade av avfall tenderar i att sönderdelas i ett stort antal små partiklar jämfört med typiska pellets tillverkade av biomassa eller kol under den termokemiska konverteringsprocessen. Därför så är det mer relevant att förbättra den termiska stabiliteten av pellets tillverkade av avfall i jämförelse med den mekaniska stabiliteten för några processer. Den andra undersökningen fokuserar på att studera reaktiviteten och kinetiken av kol tillverkat av avfall vid förgasning. Resultaten visar att reaktiviteten hos kol är beroende av askinnehållet och kvoten mellan oorganiska katalytiska ämnen (K, Ca, Na, Mg, och Fe) och hämmande ämnen (Si, Al, och Cl). Fast av större betydelse, att förgasningen av kol visar på betydelsen av sorteringsmetodernas effektivitet på den termiska egenskapen hos bränsle tillverkat av avfall, speciellt under förgasningsprocessen. Den tredje undersökningen fokuserar på att studera bildningen av tjära och syngas som ett resultat av interaktioner mellan plast- och pappersfraktioner som finns i det fasta avfallet. Resultaten visar att interaktionen mellan plast och papper i hög grad beror av kedjestrukturen hos kolväten i polymerer. Specifikt, så orsakar interaktionen v mellan alifatiskt strukturerade polymerer (representerade av PE) och papper synergiska effekter som leder till minskade tjär- och syngasutbyten. Samtidigt så är den synergiska effekten mindre uppenbar när papper och aromatiska kolvätespolymerer, representerade av PS, förgasas tillsammans. Den fjärde undersökningen presenterar resultat från en kombinerad förgasningsprocess som använder avfall I combination med biomassa eller biotjära, baserat på resultaten i de tidigare tre studierna. Resultaten visar att om biotjära tillsätts vid förgasning av avfall så kan utbytet av syngas och H2 ökas mer än om biomassa tillsätts vid förgasning av avfall. Dessutom framkom synergiska bidrag
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diazoles: Promising and Versatile Class to Design Anti Microbial Agents
    International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.5, No.2, pp 568-576, April-June 2013 Diazoles: Promising and Versatile Class To Design Anti Microbial Agents Kaushik Kapuriya1*, Ashok. Ganure2, Abhishek Pall1 1Siksha o’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India 2K. J. College of pharmacy, Vadasama, Mehasana, Gujarat, India *Corres. author: [email protected] Tel.: +0281-2459438 Mob. 07600028116 Abstract: Diazoles is highly privileged structure which includes imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole and oxadiazole and its derivatives exhibit wide range of pharmacological activity. Various biologically active synthetic compounds have five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in their structures. Given review shows diazoles structural frameworks can be described as privileged structures to design novel antimicrobial agents. Resistant to number of antimicrobial agent among a variety of clinically significant species of bacteria is becoming increasingly important global problem. This review has basic information about general synthesis and antimicrobial activity work for development in medicinal chemistry field. Key words: Diazole; Imidazole; Benzimidazole; Pyrazole; Oxadiazole; Antimicrobial activity. 1. Introduction Diazole refers to either one of a pair of isomeric chemical compounds with molecular formula C3H4N2, having a five-membered ring consisting of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms. Five membered and two nitrogen heteroatom containing heterocyclic compounds like Imidazole, Benzimidazole, Pyrazole, Oxadiazole, and Thiadiazole possess varieties of biological activity. These entire compounds collectively known as diazole. Various biologically active synthetic compounds have five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in their structures [1-4]. Structural frameworks have been described as privileged structures and in particular, N containing polycyclic structures have been reported to be associated with a wide range of biological activity.
    [Show full text]
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US009741942B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 9 , 741, 942 B2 Stoessel et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Aug . 22 , 2017 ( 54 ) MATERIALS FOR ORGANIC 11/ 02 ( 2013 .01 ) ; C09K 11/ 06 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES 51/ 006 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51/ 0052 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51/ 0054 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51 /0056 (71 ) Applicant : Merck Patent GmbH , Darmstadt (DE ) ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51 /0061 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL ( 72 ) Inventors : Philipp Stoessel , Frankfurt am Main 51/ 0067 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51/ 0071 ( 2013 .01 ) ; (DE ) ; Amir Hossain Parham , HOIL 51/ 0073 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51 /0074 Frankfurt am Main (DE ) ; Christof ( 2013 .01 ) ; C09K 2211/ 1011 ( 2013 .01 ) ; COOK Pflumm , Darmstadt- Arheilgen (DE ) ; 2211/ 1029 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; CO9K 2211 / 1033 Anja Jatsch , Frankfurt am Main (DE ) ; ( 2013 .01 ) ; CO9K 2211/ 1037 ( 2013. 01 ) ; COOK Thomas Eberle , Landau (DE ) ; Jonas 2211 / 1059 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; C09K 2211 / 1088 Valentin Kroeber , Frankfurt am Main ( 2013 .01 ) ; COOK 2211 / 1092 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; HOIL 51 /0058 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51 / 5008 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; (DE ) HOIL 51 /5012 (2013 . 01 ) ; HOIL 51/ 5056 ( 73 ) Assignee : Merck Patent GmbH , Darmstadt (DE ) ( 2013 . 01 ) ; HO1L 51 / 5072 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51 /5092 (2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 51/ 5096 ( 2013 .01 ) ; ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this HOIL 51 / 5221 ( 2013 .01 ) ; HOLL 2251/ 301 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (2013 .01 ) ; HOIL 2251 /308 ( 2013 .01 ) U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 305 days . (58 ) Field of Classification Search None (21 ) Appl. No. : 14 /434 , 460 See application file for complete search history .
    [Show full text]
  • Derwent World Patents Index CPI Chemical Indexing User Guide © 2020 Clarivate
    Derwent World Patents Index CPI Chemical Indexing User Guide © 2020 Clarivate First edition revision 1 published November 2000 Second edition published August 2020 ISBN: 0 901156 60 9 (Edition 1) ISBN: 1 903836 37 4 (Revised Edition 1) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopying or otherwise – without express written permission from the copyright owner. Chemical Indexing User Guide Contents 1 Introduction to the User Guide ............................................................................. 1 2 Chemical Code Overview ................................................................................... 9 3 Searching With The Chemical Codes .................................................................. 13 4 How Derwent Indexes Patents ............................................................................ 25 5 Terms and Symbols Used in this User Guide ........................................................ 31 6 Elements Present ................................................................................................ 33 7 Ring Systems...................................................................................................... 65 8 Functional Groups ............................................................................................. 99 9 Part M: Miscellaneous Descriptors .................................................................... 167 10 Part N: Chemical
    [Show full text]
  • (5-Chloro-3-Methyl-1-(Pyridin-2-Yl) Pyrazolidin-4-Yl)-3- Substitutedphenylthiazolidin-4-Ones As Prospective Antimicrobial Agents
    JOURNAL OF MODERN DRUG DISCOVERY AND DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH Journal homepage: http://scienceq.org/Journals/JMDDR.php Research Article Open Access Synthesis of several 2-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrazolidin-4-yl)-3- substitutedphenylthiazolidin-4-ones as prospective antimicrobial agents Ranjana Dubey1, Nidhi Chaudhary2 and Hament Panwar3* 1. Department of Chemistry, S.R.M. University, U.P., India. 2. Department of Chemistry, M.I.E.T., U.P, India. 3. Department of Chemistry, Neelkanth Institute of Technology, U.P, India. *Corresponding author: Hament Panwar Department of Chemistry, Neelkanth Institute of Technology, Modipuram-250110, Meerut, U.P, India. E-mail: [email protected] Received December 26, 2013; Accepted: December 28, 2013, Published: January 2, 2014. ABSTRACT Several 2-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrazolidin-4-yl)-3- substitutedphenylthiazolidin-4-one (4a-f) have been synthesized by conventional synthesis methodology. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass and elemental analysis (C, H, N) . Furthermore the synthesized 2-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrazolidin-4-yl)-3- substitutedphenylthiazolidin-4-one (4a-f) were tested for antimicrobial activities. The compound 4c displayed significant biological activities among the all tested derivatives. Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal, thiazolidin-4-one, acute toxicity. INTRODUCTION Pyrazole symbolizes a class of simple aromatic ring RESULTS AND DISCUSSION organic compounds of the heterocyclic series which is a Chemistry 5-membered ring skeleton composed of three carbon and two Ethyl acetoacetate and 2-hydrazinylpyridine undergo nitrogen atoms. Ludwig Knorr was the first who coined the cyclo-condensation reaction to furnish 3-methyl- 1-phenyl- term pyrazole in 1883.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrally Edited 2D 13C13C NMR Spectra Without Diagonal Ridge For
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance 234 (2013) 112–124 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Magnetic Resonance journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmr Spectrally edited 2D 13CA13C NMR spectra without diagonal ridge for characterizing 13C-enriched low-temperature carbon materials Robert L. Johnson a,c, Jason M. Anderson b,c, Brent H. Shanks b,c, Xiaowen Fang a, Mei Hong a, ⇑ Klaus Schmidt-Rohr a,c, a Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States b Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States c Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States article info abstract Article history: Two robust combinations of spectral editing techniques with 2D 13CA13C NMR have been developed for Received 25 March 2013 characterizing the aromatic components of 13C-enriched low-temperature carbon materials. One method Revised 4 June 2013 (exchange with protonated and nonprotonated spectral editing, EXPANSE) selects cross peaks of proton- Available online 22 June 2013 ated and nearby nonprotonated carbons, while the other technique, dipolar-dephased double-quantum/ single-quantum (DQ/SQ) NMR, selects signals of bonded nonprotonated carbons. Both spectra are free of Keywords: a diagonal ridge, which has many advantages: Cross peaks on the diagonal or of small intensity can be Spectral editing detected, and residual spinning sidebands or truncation artifacts associated with the diagonal ridge are Black carbon structure avoided. In the DQ/SQ experiment, dipolar dephasing of the double-quantum coherence removes proton- Char structure Melanoidin structure ated-carbon signals; this approach also eliminates the need for high-power proton decoupling.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Ring Current of Carbon Nanotubes by First-Principles Calculations
    Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue Exploring the ring current of carbon nanotubes by first-principles calculations Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2015,6,902 Pengju Ren,†a Anmin Zheng,†b Jianping Xiao,a Xiulian Pana and Xinhe Bao*a Ring current is a fundamental concept to understand the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties and aromaticity for conjugated systems, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Employing the recently developed gauge including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) method, we studied the ring currents of CNTs systematically and visualized their distribution. The ring current patterns are determined by the semiconducting or metallic properties of CNTs. The discrepancy is mainly caused by the axial component of external magnetic fields, whereas the radial component induced ring currents are almost independent of the electronic structures of CNTs, where the intensities of the ring currents are linearly related to the diameters of the CNTs. Although the ring currents induced by the radial component are more intense than those by the axial component, only the latter determines the overall NMR responses Received 4th July 2014 and aromaticity of the CNTs as well. Furthermore, the semiconducting CNTs are more aromatic than Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. Accepted 26th August 2014 their metallic counterparts due to the existence of delocalized ring currents on the semiconducting DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01996b CNTs. These fundamental features are of vital importance for the development of CNT-based www.rsc.org/chemicalscience nanoelectronics and applications in magnetic fields. Introduction procedures.4–7 The nuclei independent chemical shis (NICSs) offer a convenient route to investigate the magnetic responses 13 The physicochemical properties of molecules conned in shielding of molecules conned in CNT channels.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0340627 A1 JATSCH Et Al
    US 2015 0340627A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0340627 A1 JATSCH et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 26, 2015 (54) MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES C07D40 L/04 (2006.01) C08G 6/12 (2006.01) (71) Applicant: MERCK PATENT GMBH, Darmstadt C07D 403/2 (2006.01) (DE) C07D 403/4 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Anja JATSCH, Frankfurt Am Main C07D40 L/4 (2006.01) (DE); Christof PFLUMM, Darmstadt C07D 209/94 (2006.01) Frankfurt Am Main (DE); Thomas EBERLE, Landau (DE); Philipp (52) U.S. Cl. STOESSEL, Frankfurt Am Main (DE); CPC .......... HOIL 51/0072 (2013.01); C07D 209/94 Jonas Valentin KROEBER, Frankfurt (2013.01); C07D 209/86 (2013.01); C07D Am Main (DE); Rouven LINGE, 401/04 (2013.01); C07D 487/04 (2013.01); Darmstadt (DE) C07D 403/12 (2013.01); C07D 403/14 (21) Appl. No.: 14/758,978 stoo,2013.01); O 3.01); C07D HOIL 401/14 so (2013.01); tleHOIL (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 10, 2013 HOIL 51/0058 (2013.01); HOIL 51/006 (2013.01); HOIL 51/0061 (2013.01); C08G (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2013/003722 61/124 (2013.01); C08G 2261/3241 (2013.01); S371 (c)(1), C08G 2261/3221 (2013.01); C08G 2261/312 (2) Date: Jul. 2, 2015 (2013.01); C08G 2261/314 (2013.01); C08G 2261/3142 (2013.01); C08G 2261/95 (2013.01); (30) Foreign Application Priority Data C08G 2261/5.14 (2013.01); C08G 2261/3162 Jan. 3, 2013 (EP) .................................. 13OOOO13.6 (2013.01); HOIL 5 1/5024 (2013.01) Publication Classification (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,765 B2 Stoessel Et Al
    US009139765B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,765 B2 Stoessel et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 22, 2015 (54) ORGANICELECTROLUMNESCENT (58) Field of Classification Search DEVICE CPC ... C07F 9/6584: CO9K11/06; H01L 51/0032: H01L 51/5064; H01L 51/5032; H05B 33/14 (75) Inventors: Philipp Stoessel, Frankfurt am Main USPC ............................................. 568/12: 428/917 (DE); Esther Breuning, Ober-Ramstadt See application file for complete search history. (DE); Dominik Joosten, Frankfurt am Main (DE) (56) References Cited (73) Assignee: Merck Patent GmbH (DE) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2006/0208221 A1 9, 2006 Gerhard et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2006/0255332 A1 11/2006 Becker et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 23 days. 2011/O140043 A1 6, 2011 Stoessel et al. (21) Appl. No.: 13/643,615 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS DE 102008033943 A1 1, 2010 (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 24, 2011 WO WO-2005OO3253 A3 4/2005 WO WO-2004O932O7 A3 6, 2005 (86) OTHER PUBLICATIONS S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Oct. 26, 2012 Hulikal V., www.hwb.gov.in/htmldocs/nahwd2010/L15.pdf. Abstract p. 1, 2010.* (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2011/134577 International Search Report for PCT/EP2011/001494 mailed Jul. 28, 2011. PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 3, 2011 Romanenko, E.A., et al., “The Investigation of the Intramolecular Prior Publication Data Transmission Effects in Cyclic Diazaphosphorines”, Journal of (65) Molecular Structure, vol. 83, (1982), pp. 337-340. US 2013/OO46094A1 Feb. 21, 2013 Döpp, H., et al., XP009149759, Science of Synthesis, (2004), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,951,647 B2 Parham Et Al
    US008951647B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,951,647 B2 Parham et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 10, 2015 (54) ORGANICELECTROLUMINESCENCE (56) References Cited DEVICE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Amir Hossain Parham, Frankfurt am 2004/0028944 A1 2/2004 Mori et al. .................... 428,691 Main (DE); Joachim Kaiser, Darmstadt 2004/0147742 A1* 7/2004 Wong et al. ... 544,230 (DE); Anja Gerhard, Egelsbach (DE); 2004/01708.63 A1* 9, 2004 Kim et al. ..................... 428,690 Jonas Valentin Kroeber, Frankfurt (DE) 2006/O115679 A1 6/2006 Chun et al. 2006/0147752 A1* 7/2006 Lee et al. ...................... 428,690 (73) Assignee: Merck Patent GmbH, Darmstadt (DE) 2006, O199038 A1 9, 2006 Lee 2007/0051944 A1 3/2007 Vestweber et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2009,0302752 A1 12/2009 Parham et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 472 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 12/999,792 JP 2003-109767 A 4/2003 JP 2003-109768 4/2003 ............. HOSB 33/22 JP 2003-109768 A 4/2003 (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 8, 2009 JP 2006-156941 A 6, 2006 JP 2006-245565. A 9, 2006 (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2009/004954 JP 2007-223,928 A 9, 2007 JP 2009-184987. A 8, 2009 S371 (c)(1), JP 2009-266927. A 11, 2009 (2), (4) Date: Dec. 17, 2010 WO WO-2005/053055 A1 6, 2005 WO WO-2008/086851 A1 T 2008 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2010/015306 OTHER PUBLICATIONS PCT Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Pyrazole Derivatives of Pharmacological Potential A
    Review article ISSN 2321-0125 www.jpbs-online.com A review on Pyrazole derivatives of pharmacological potential A. Jamwal1, A. Javed2*, V. Bhardwaj3 1Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 2 Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. 3 J. P. University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Received on 14th Jul 2013 Accepted on 25th Jul 2013 Available online from 24th Aug 2013 Abstract Pyrazole is five membered heterocyclic rings which is versatile lead compound for designing potent bioactive agent. The interesting groups of this compound has diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antioxidant and herbicidal. Given data represents that pyrazole being heterocyclic planar five membered rings have various pharmacological actions. These derivatives of pyrazzole are analyzed here for pharmacological activities. Keywords: Pyrazole, Antimicrobial, Ant-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticonvulsant, Anticancer. Introduction: Pyrazole refer to both to class of simple aromatic ring organic compound of heterocyclic diazole series characterized by a 5- member ring structure composed N of three carbon atom and two nitrogen atom in the N H adjacent position and to unsaturated parent compound. Being so composed and have pharmacological effect on humans, they classified as alkaloids, although they are rare in nature. N N H Pyrazole N Pyrazoline / 4,5 - dihydropyrazole N H Pyrazole unsubstituted in 1- position show NH- acidity. Pharmacological and biological evolution: The pKa value of Pyrazole is 14.21 and equal to that of Pyrazole as Antimicrobials imidazole. Vijay v. Dabholkar et al. [1] synthesized a series of fused Pyrazoline is basic in nature. An intermolecular isooxazole and pyrazole and the newly synthesized conjugated charge transfer process has been reported to compound were screened for antibacterial activity exist in it in excited state.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 712.88 K
    ISSN: 2357-0547 (Print) Review Article / JAPR ISSN: 2357-0539 (Online) Ahmad and Mohamed, 2017, 1 (2), 75-88 Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research Synthesis and Biological Value of Thiouracils and Fused Thiouracils (A review) Naglaa Mohamed Ahmed*, Mosaad Sayed Mohamed Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt, 11795. *Corresponding author: Naglaa Mohamed Ahmed, Cairo, Egypt, Tel.: +2-27633982 E-mail address: [email protected] Submitted on: 25-01-2017; Revised on: 22-02-2017; Accepted on: 26-02-2017 ABSTRACT A literature survey revealed that the thiouracil derivatives and their condensed heterocycles have occupied a marked position as synthon for various biologically active compounds. They have a wide range of therapeutic uses that include anti-cancer, anti-microbial, molluscicidal, anti-leishmanial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral as anti-HIV and anti-HCV, and anti- thyroid activities. Numerous methods for the synthesis of thiouracils offer enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. The review article aims to review the work reported for the synthesis and the biological activities of thiouracils and fused thiouracils from the past to recent years. Key Words: Thiouracils, Fused thiouracils, Synthesis, Biological activities . INTRODUCTION There are two established antithyroid drugs, 6- Heterocyclic compounds are those cyclic propyl-2-thiouracil and 6-methyl-2-thiouracil. Thio compounds whose ring contain besides carbon, one or derivatives of pyrimidine bases including 2-thiouracil, 6- more atoms of other elements. The non-carbon atoms methyl-2-thiouracil, and 2-thiocytosine are minor such rings are referred to as hetero atoms. The most components of t-RNA, and furthermore, they have common hetero atoms are nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
    US 20120319052A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2012/0319052 A1 Brocke et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 20, 2012 (54) COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES Publication Classi?cation (75) Inventors: Constanze Brocke, Gross-Gerau (DE); (51) Int. Cl. Christof P?umm, Darmstatd (DE); H01 B 1/12 (2006.01) Amir Hossain Parham, Frankfurt am C07D 513/00 (200601) Main (DE); Rocco Fortte, Frankfurt am C08G 73/06 (200601) Main (DE) C07D 401/10 (2006.01) . _ (52) US. Cl. .......... .. 252/500; 546/102; 546/58; 546/38; (73) Asslgnee. Merck Patent GmbH, Darmstadt (DE) 544/14; 526/259; 526/257 (21) Appl. N0.: 13/581,543 (22) PCT Filed: Jan. 21, 2011 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT N0.: PCT/EP2011/000235 The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) (2)’§371(c)(1), (4) Date: Aug 28, 2012 or ( 2 ) d to h e use h ereo f.in'e 1 ectronic. devices, . an d to electromc devices Wh1ch comprise these compounds. The (30) Foreign Application Priority Data invention furthermore relates to the preparation of the com pounds of the formula (1) or (2) and to formulations compris Mar. 2, 2010 (DE) .................... .. 10 2010 009 903.1 ing one or more compounds of the formula (1) or (2). US 2012/0319052 A1 Dec. 20, 2012 COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES materials in electronic devices. In the triarylamine com pounds, the individual aryl groups are bridged to one another [0001] The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) or (2) and to the use thereof in electronic devices, in a de?ned manner and are additionally substituted by car and to electronic devices Which comprise these compounds.
    [Show full text]