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Derwent World Patents Index CPI Chemical Indexing User Guide © 2020 Clarivate Derwent World Patents Index CPI Chemical Indexing User Guide © 2020 Clarivate First edition revision 1 published November 2000 Second edition published August 2020 ISBN: 0 901156 60 9 (Edition 1) ISBN: 1 903836 37 4 (Revised Edition 1) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopying or otherwise – without express written permission from the copyright owner. Chemical Indexing User Guide Contents 1 Introduction to the User Guide ............................................................................. 1 2 Chemical Code Overview ................................................................................... 9 3 Searching With The Chemical Codes .................................................................. 13 4 How Derwent Indexes Patents ............................................................................ 25 5 Terms and Symbols Used in this User Guide ........................................................ 31 6 Elements Present ................................................................................................ 33 7 Ring Systems...................................................................................................... 65 8 Functional Groups ............................................................................................. 99 9 Part M: Miscellaneous Descriptors .................................................................... 167 10 Part N: Chemical Reactions, Processes, and Apparatus ........................................................................................................ 187 11 Activities, Properties, Uses ................................................................................ 207 12 Part R: Pharmaceutical Formulations; Medical Devices and Analysis; Packaging ...................................................................... 226 13 Steroid Descriptors ........................................................................................... 232 14 Part V: - Natural Products; Polymers .................................................................. 256 15 Part W: - Dyes; Dyed Materials; Dyeing Processes.............................................................................................. 268 1 Introduction to the User Guide About this User Guide ...............................................1 Introduction ...............................................................2 Sample Patent Record from DWPI ............................4 Help Tools and Customer Assistance ........................7 Chemical Indexing 1 User Guide 1 Introduction to the user guide About This User Guide The Chemical Indexing User Guide describes the Chemical Fragmentation Coding System, a structural indexing language used for indexing and retrieving chemical patents in Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI). The indexing and retrieval of chemical patents is a challenge because chemical patents often cover far too many chemicals to index individually. Such broad patent coverage is achieved by patentees through the use of special Markush chemical structures with many variable fragments. Derwent’s answer to this problem was the development of a chemical coding system, a system that enables comprehensive indexing and retrieval of the broad range of structures disclosed in chemical patents. The use of Chemical Codes has made DWPI one of the most comprehensively indexed chemical patent databases in the world since its inception in 1963. Although understanding the meanings and uses of the Chemical Codes requires study and practice, searching with the Chemical Codes does not have to be complicated. The Markush TOPFRAG software automatically converts a variable structure drawn by the user into a correct Chemical Code search strategy in seconds. However, coding expertise enables the user to modify Markush TOPFRAG searches so that they search more precisely for the information desired. 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the user guide Introduction Derwent World Patents Index – Historical Background The following brief history of Derwent World Patents Index will give the reader an appreciation of the Chemical Codes in their historical context. Derwent’s first major product was Farmdoc, a PHARMaceutical patent DOCumentation service that commenced publication in 1963. (The early product planning took place in Italy, so “Farmdoc” derived its name from the Italian word FARMaceutii rather than the English word PHARMaceutical.) The Chemical Fragmentation Codes, designed especially for indexing and retrieving chemical patents, were introduced with Farmdoc. Agdoc, an agricultural patent documentation service that is indexed and searched with the same chemical coding system as Farmdoc, was initiated in 1965. Derwent’s polymer documentation service, Plasdoc, began in 1966. ICI’s polymer indexing language was adapted for use in the new service, because the codes used for Farmdoc and Agdoc were not suitable for indexing polymers. In 1970, the existing chemical patent indexes were organized together with several new subject indexes into the Chemical Patents Index (CPI). CPI covers a broad range of chemical technology, as indicated by the 12 CPI Section topics listed below. CPI Section Topic A Polymers and Plastics B Pharmaceuticals C Agricultural Chemicals D Food, Detergents, Water Treatment and Biotechnology E General Chemicals F Textiles and Paper – Making G Printing, Coating, Photography H Petroleum J Chemical Engineering K Nucleonics, Explosives and Protection L Refractories; Ceramics; Cement and Electro (in)organics M Metallurgy The Chemical Codes are used to search for patents in CPI Sections B, C, and E. They are sometimes referred to as the “BCE Chemical Codes”, to distinguish them from Section A (Plasdoc) codes. In 1970, some new codes were added to the existing BCE Codes to enable the formulation of more specific Chemical Code search strategies. In 1972, new BCE codes were introduced, as were Ring Index Numbers (RIN’s). RIN’s are based on the Patterson Ring Index, published by the American Chemical Society. RIN’s represent individual ring systems that are not uniquely identified by Chemical Codes. Chemical Indexing 3 User Guide Patent coverage was extended to all areas of technology in 1974 with the introduction of World Patents Index (DWPI). In 1976, DWPI was made available for interactive online searching on the ORBIT search system. In DWPI Update 1981/27 the original “punch codes”, i.e. three-digit codes derived from hole positions on IBM data cards, were replaced by the current four-character alphanumeric codes. At the same time, many new, more specific codes were added to the existing codes. In 1987, the TOPFRAG software was introduced. TOPFRAG translated a (TOPological) chemical structure drawn by the user into a FRAGmentation code search strategy. The current version of TOPFRAG, called Markush TOPFRAG, allows the inclusion of free sites and Markush variations in the structure being searched. In 2015, the Part P codes were revised to add new codes for pharmaceutical and agrochemical activities, properties and uses. See Chapter 11 for full details. Derwent World Patents Index Timeline 1963 Farmdoc and the Chemical Fragmentation Codes introduced 1965 Agdoc introduced, which also utilizes the Chemical Codes 1966 Plasdoc and a polymer indexing language introduced 1970 Chemical Patents Index (CPI) introduced 1972 Ring Index Numbers introduced 1974 Derwent World Patents Index (DWPI) introduced, covering all areas of technology 1976 DWPI available online on ORBIT (and later on other vendors) 1981 BCE chemical coding system undergoes major changes 1987 TOPFRAG introduced 4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the user guide Sample Patent Record from DWPI 009636110 WPI Acc No: 93-329659/199342 XRAM Acc No: C93-145711 XRPX Acc No: N93-254523 Flexible optical pulse sensor used partic. as blood oximeter - where circuitry on flexible substrate is covered by insulating tape to prevent shorting Patent Assignee: GOULD INC (GOUN ); GOULD ELECTRONICS INC (GOUN ); GOULD ELECTRONICS INC (GOUL-N) Inventor: CENTA J A; HALAZ L; HALASZ L Number of Countries: 003 Number of Patents: 005 Patent Family: Patent No Kind Date Applicat No Kind Date Main IPC Week EP 566354 A1 19931020 EP 93302843 A 19930413 A61B-005/00 199342 B US 5263244 A 19931123 US 92870247 A 19920417 H05K-003/30 199348 JP 6094516 A 19940405 JP 9366344 A 19930325 G01J-001/02 199418 US 5390670 A 19950221 US 92870247 A 19920417 A61B-005/00 199513 US 93139564 A 19931020 CN 1078374 A 19931117 CN 93103230 A 19930407 A61B-006/00 199710 Priority Applications (No Type Date): US 92870247 A 19920417; US 93139564 A 19931020 Cited Patents: DE 3809084; EP 357249; EP 481612; EP 529412; US 4865038; US 4964408 Patent Details: Patent Kind Lan Pg Filing Notes Application Patent EP 566354 A1 E 12 US 5263244 A 9 JP 6094516 A 8 US 5390670 A 9 Div ex US 92870247 Div ex US 5263244 Abstract (Basic): EP 566354 A A sensor has a flexible printed circuit mounting at least one LED and at least one photoelectric detector, connected to diff. circuit patterns and with insulating tape (26) secured over circuits and components. The sensor can be folded so that the detector can be spaced over the LED. Chemical Indexing 5 User Guide The circuit substrate is pref. polyester or polyamide sheet 0.0015-0.010 inc thick, the circuitry is of copper and the tape is of PTFE 0.0005-0.003 inch thick. There are pref. two LEDs (24, 25) mounted across a set
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