Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41691-7 — Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression Edited by Jeroen Temperman , András Koltay Index More Information 719 I N D E X Abbas, Shemeem Burney, 177 , 177n39 , Afghanistan, blasphemy laws in, 575 179n44 African Union, 675 – 76 Abrogated blasphemy laws Ahern, Dermot, 466 – 67 overview, 4 , 18 – 19 Ahmed, Asad Ali, 176 – 77 , Netherlands. (See Netherlands) 177n38 , 188 N o r w a y . ( See Norway) A i k e n h e a d , h omas, 141n30 United Kingdom. ( See U n i t e d Akram, Zamir, 664 , 669 Kingdom) Alekhina, Mariya Vladimirovna, 295 , Accelerants 296n5 overview, 709 Ali, Ayaan Hirsi, 171 , 628 dei ned, 708 Alivizatos, Nicos, 406 , 407 – 8 speaker ai nity groups as, 710 al Qaeda, 1 , 73 – 74 , 650 – 51 speakers as, 709 – 10 America Alone (Steyn), 484 , 490n30 , victim ai nity groups as, 710 – 11 499 victims as, 711 Amnesty International, 512 – 13 Accidental blasphemy, 168 , 186 Amor, Abdelfattah, 649 Achterbusch, Herbert, 360 Amos, Tori, 194 Active blasphemy laws Andorra, blasphemy laws in, 155n105 overview, 15 – 16 Androulakis, Mimis, 395 – 96 , 403 Finland. ( See Finland) Antinous, 579n10 G e r m a n y . ( See Germany) Anti- Semitism G r e e c e . ( See Greece) in Canada, 482 – 84 I t a l y . ( See Italy) in Finland, 330 P o l a n d . ( See Poland) in France, 69 Actus reus of blasphemy, 122 – 23 , 205 , in Norway, 570 – 71 468 – 69 “Apocalypse” (art work), 284 – 85 Adams, John, 104 Apostasy, 141 – 42 A i nity groups Aquinas, h omas, 580n12 , 582n23 speaker ai nity groups Arab League, 675 – 76 as accelerants, 710 Argentina as audience, 705 – 6 National Institute Against as decelerants, 712 Discrimination, Xenophobia victim ai nity groups and Racism, 672 as accelerants, 710 – 11 16/ 18 process in, 659 , 672 , 676 as audience, 705 – 6 Årsheim, Helge, 19 as decelerants, 713 Arthur, George, 513 719 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41691-7 — Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression Edited by Jeroen Temperman , András Koltay Index More Information 720 720 Index Artistic expression Human Rights Committee General generally, 263n16 Comment 34 and, 524 in Charlie Hebdo, 355 ICCPR and, 524 , 526 – 27 in ECtHR, 269 – 72 , 279 – 81 insult and ridicule, protection gratuitous of ence and, 272 – 73 against, 532 – 33 in Greece, 394 – 401 Law Reform Commission, 525 – 26 j u s t i i ed blasphemy and, 423 – 24 Model Criminal Code, 520 Otto- Preminger- Institut v. Austria, National Gallery of Victoria, 510 – 11 269 – 72 National Human Rights in Poland, 423 – 27 Consultation, 526 – 27 political speech versus, 279 – 81 New South Wales Asad, Talal, 392n6 Blasphemous and Seditious Libels Ashraf, Sana, 172n18 Act 1827, 513 Atheist Union of Greece, 403 blasphemy laws in, 512 , 514 Atkinson, Rowan, 613 Crimes Act 1900, 514 , 519 Audience Defamation Act 1974, 514 overview, 702 – 3 hate speech laws in, 530 – 31 captive audience problem, 687 , Imperial Acts Application Act 687n25 , 687n28 1969, 514 i ghting words and, 703 – 4 insult and ridicule, protection incitement to hatred laws and, 704 – 5 against, 528 speaker ai nity groups as, 705 – 6 (See Law Reform Commission, 526 also Speaker ai nity groups) Religious Opinions Act 1871 speaker- audience- victim analysis, (proposed), 522 701 – 2 Norfolk Island, blasphemy laws in, 514 victim ai nity groups as, 705 – 6 Northern Territory, blasphemy laws ( See also Victim ai nity groups) in, 517 Augustine of Hippo (Saint), 171 , 580n12 Queensland Australia blasphemy laws in, 516 – 17 Australian Capital Territory insult and ridicule, protection blasphemy laws in, 517 – 18 against, 527 Law Reform (Abolition & Objectionable Literature Act Repeals) Act 1996, 517 – 18 1954, 518 blasphemy laws in Rationalist Society, 523 g e n e r a l l y , 4 sacrilege laws in, 520n40 overview, 18 , 510 – 12 , 532 – 33 South Australia challenges posed by, 527 – 32 blasphemy laws in, 514 , 517 historical background, 513 – 14 Classii cation of h eatrical reform proposals, 521 – 27 Performances Act 1978, 517 Broadcasting Act 1942, 521 Criminal Law and Penal Methods Commission on Human Reform Committee, 525 Rights, 526 – 27 insult and ridicule, protection Constitution, 524 – 25 against, 528 Criminal Code Act 1995, 514 T a s m a n i a dei nition of blasphemy in, 519 blasphemy laws in, 513 , 519 hate speech laws in, 527 – 28 , 530 – 31 Criminal Code Act 1924, 515 – 16 Human Rights and insult and ridicule, protection Equal Opportunity against, 527 Commission, 526 – 27 Police Of ences Act 1935, 516 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41691-7 — Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression Edited by Jeroen Temperman , András Koltay Index More Information 721 Index 721 V i c t o r i a Binderup, Lars Grassmé, 16 – 17 blasphemy laws in, 514 Black, Hugo, 108 Crimes Act 1958, 515 Blackstone, William, 201 – 2 , 227 insult and ridicule, protection Blair, Tony, 129n81 against, 527 B l a s p h e m y . See specii c topic Racial and Religious Tolerance Blasphemy: How the Religious Right Act 2001, 527 – 28 , 529 – 30 , is Hijacking Our Declaration 529n85 , 531 – 32 , 531n94 of Independence (Dershowitz), Western Australia 103 – 4 blasphemy laws in, 517 Blasphemy laws. See specii c topic insult and ridicule, protection Blunkett, David, 128 , 601 – 2 against, 528 Boko Haram, 73 – 74 Jetties Regulations 1940, 518 Bolkestein, Frits, 628 Austria Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh, 586n34 blasphemy laws in, 96 – 97 , 118 – 19 , Book of Common Prayer, 121 173 – 74 , 181 Bouyeri, Mohammed, 628 – 29 Copyright Act, 285 Bradlaugh, Charles, 586 , 586n34 in ECtHR, 97 Brandeis, Louis, 296n8 Freedom Party, 284 – 85 , 285n108 Breivik, Anders, 497 , 498 – 99 , 671 16/ 18 process in, 676 British Broadcasting Corporation Avebury, Lord, 130 , 601 – 2 (BBC), 95 , 123 – 24 , 126 , Äystö, Tuomas, 15 126n61 , 163n145 , 600 , 695n58 Burke, Edmund, 498 Bakewell, Joan, 126n61 Bury, J.B., 190n91 Bangstad, Sindre, 564 Bush, George H.W., 107 Ban Ki- Moon, 174 – 75 Bush, George W., 107 Barelwis sect, 176 – 77 , 188 Barendt, Eric, 614 de Cambacérès, Jean Jacques Regis, 33 de la Barre, Chevalier, 29 Cameron, David, 92 Baudelaire, Charles, 35n30 C a n a d a Baumgartner, Christoph, 170 Alberta Human Rights Code, 482 , 484 Bazian, Hatem, 160 anti- Semitism in, 482 – 84 Beard, Mary, 579n10 blasphemy laws in Behemoth (band), 425 – 26 g e n e r a l l y , 4 Benedict XVI (Pope), 89 , 350 , 367 overview, 17 – 18 , 480 – 81 , 508 – 9 Benesch, Susan, 702 minority religions and, 481 Berger, Peter, 170 – 71 British Columbia Human Rights Bhatti, Shahbaz, 653 , 671 Code, 482 , 484 , 495 Bhutto, Benazir, 178 Canada Human Rights Act, 482 , Bible 482n9 , 483 , 484 Denmark, desecration in, 444 , 445 – 46 Charter of Rights and Freedoms, P o l a n d 482 – 83 blasphemy in, 96 – 97 Criminal Code desecration in, 425 – 26 blasphemy under, 480 – 81 , 480n1 as religious object, 414 – 15 hate speech under, 481 – 82 , 482n8 , as source of blasphemy laws, 199 – 200 483 , 485 United Kingdom, blasphemy in, 204 , hate speech laws in 227 – 28 , 519 , 577 overview, 481 – 82 Bielefeldt, Heiner, 439 – 41 challenges of, 485 – 87 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41691-7 — Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression Edited by Jeroen Temperman , András Koltay Index More Information 722 722 Index Canada (cont.) Islam versus Christianity and Islam and, 484 – 85 , 489 – 91 Judaism in, 341 – 42 Mark Steyn case, 495 – 99 Italy religion as target of hate speech blasphemy laws and, 353 – 56 laws, 482 – 85 defamation of religion laws Holocaust denial in, 483 and, 354 Human Rights Tribunal, 483 Muhammad, depictions of incitement to hatred laws in, 481 – 82 generally, 56 , 159n127 insult and ridicule, protection as artistic expression, 355 against, 499 – 501 as blasphemy, 57 – 58 , 341 – 42 Inter- faith Bridging Programme, 676 ECtHR jurisprudence and, 286 – 87 New Brunswick Human Rights Italian blasphemy laws Code, 483 – 84 and, 353 – 56 Northwest Territories Human Rights Norwegian blasphemy laws Code, 482 and, 573 – 74 religious membership, attribution of refusal of other media to publish belief and, 487 – 89 cartoons, 250 Saskatchewan Human Rights Code, terrorism, linking Islam to, 58 482 , 483 terrorist attack against (See Charlie 16/ 18 process in, 659 , 663 , 673 , 676 Hebdo attack (2015)) Western Guard Party, 483 xenophobic cartoons in, 55 , 58 – 59 Captive audience problem, 687 , Charlie Hebdo attack (2015) 687n25 , 687n28 generally, 1 – 2 , 53 , 139 , 432 , 455 , 645 , Carey, Lord, 162 , 617 – 18 702 Carr, Bob, 528 overview, 12 CERD. See Committee on the blasphemy as cause of, 147 – 49 , 223 Elimination of All Forms of Committee of Ministers and, 225 Racial Discrimination (CERD) freedom of expression and, 81 – 82 Chait, Jonathan, 252 , 253 German blasphemy laws and, 358 Charbonnier, Stéphane, 1 insult and ridicule as cause of, 194 Charles I (England), 201 Norwegian blasphemy laws and, 19 Charles VII (France), 27 Parliamentary Assembly and, 225 Charleston shooting (2015), 709 – 11 , public order and, 249 709n21 , 710n22 , 714n35 , 16/ 18 process and, 20 , 667 715 – 16 workplace, ef ect on, 697 – 98 Charlie Hebdo (French magazine) Chassan, Joseph Pierre, 37 generally, 359 – 60 Chatelain, R.T., 37 artistic expression in, 355 Chikh, Slimane, 664 blasphemy case against, 46 – 48 Chile British blasphemy laws and, 617 blasphemy laws in, 559 , 559n27 chilling ef ect on, 360 O i cina Nacional de Asuntos Danish Cartoon Controversy