Analysing the history of game controversies Faltin Karlsen Norwegian School of Information Technology Schweigaardsgate 14 N-0185 +47 90 73 70 88
[email protected] ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the controversies that have surrounded digital games. Within media studies, such controversies are often referred to as moral panics or media panics. They are understood as cyclical events that arise when new media or media phenomena are introduced into society. The paper’s point of departure is the controversy that erupted after the launch of Death Race in 1976, which initiated the first world- spanning debate concerning digital games and violence. Similar debates followed the launch of games like Doom and Mortal Kombat. More recent controversies about game violence have erupted specifically in the wake of school shootings. My analysis shows that, while these debates certainly share similarities, they also undergo important transformations over time. Via a historical perspective, I will demonstrate the importance of these changes to our understanding of the status of digital games in society. Keywords moral panic, media panic, game violence, media regulation, media history INTRODUCTION The concept of media panic is often invoked when public controversies arise around digital games or other media. A media panic is a heated public debate that is most often ignited when a new medium enters society. Concern is usually expressed on behalf of children or youth, and the medium is described as seductive, psychologically harmful, or immoral (Drotner 1999). While media panics tend to revolve around new media, slightly older media, like newspapers and television, are where these concerns are expressed.