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Journalism : Technology, Industry, Management, Education Deakin Research Online This is the published version: Hirst, Martin and Withnall, Janice 1997, JEA 1997 : Time for journalism : technology, industry, management, education. Proceedings of the Journalism Education Association annual conference, Sydney, N.S.W., 1-4 Dec. 1997, Kingswood, N.S.W., Journalism Department, School of Communication and Media, University of Western Sydney. Available from Deakin Research Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30043088 Reproduced with the kind permission of the copyright owner. Copyright : 1997, JEA Time for Journalism Technology, Industry, Management, Education Proceedings of the Journalism Education Association Annual Conference December 1 - 4, 1997 Editors: Martin Hirst Janice Withnall Desktop Publishing: Jodie Lancashire & Alison Bridger Journalism Department School of Communication and Media University of Western Sydney, Nepean PO Box 10 Kingswood NSW Australia 2747 © The authors and the University of Western Sydney, Nepean. ISBN 0-646-35388-8 CONTENTS Media Ownership: Old Themes, New Challenges Jock Given 1 Broadcasting in the Twenty First Century David Flint 6 Journalism Education: What the Editor Sees Jack Waterford 10 Journalism Education: Shooting the Rapids of Change Suellen Tapsall 16 Cyberspace: The Legal Black Hole Rhonda Breit 20 Pagination: Friend of Foe? Jacqui Ewart 23 Who's Ethics Are They Anyway? Ian Richards 26 The Ethics of Writing a Journalism Biography Matthew Ricketson 29 Journalism Educators' Perplexing Quest for Relevance and Respect Jay Black 32 Does Journalism have a Future? Delbert Schafer 37 How will Australia's Papers Approach theNews in the New Millennium? Kerry Green 38 Best Practice News Team Management Marc Gonsalves 41 Best Practice News Team Management Janice Withnall 43 Your ABC - But for How Long? Errol Hodge 46 Raymond Williams: The Godfather ofMedia Studies Martin Hirst 49 'The Godfather of Media Studies: Raymond Williams's Search for Public Good Richard Phillipps 55 Deng's Media: Debunking Schraam Chenju Huang 59 The Journalist and Modernity: a Social-Theoretical Approach Steve Mackey 63 Politics, Public Relations and the Press: The Widening Gap Between Rhetoric Richard Stanton 66 and Reality in the Western Print Media Back to the Future: Preserving Today's Electronic News and Entertainment Barbara Alysen 70 for Tomorrow Defending the Journalistic Critic Against the Sledgehammer of Corporatism Tony Rees 73 Blood on the Marble: A Study of the Discourse of Law and Order Articulated by Mandy Oakham 76 the Australian Print Media at the Time of the Parliament House 'Riot' in August 1996 Media and Indigenous Australians Project: Time to Act Sheridan Burns 79 Journalism as Lifelong Learning Graham Stevenson 83 Journalism and Lifelong Learning Janice Withnall and 86 Rebecca Harris A Hack's Origins: The Aspirations, Assumptions and Expectations of Would-Be Barbara Alysen and 89 Journalists Mandy Oakham Bringing in the 'Real World'- Virtually: Electronic Situated Learning in Marsha Durham, 92 Professional Communication Subjects Conrad Ozog and Russell Pennell Memorial to Charles James Bishop Grayburn Stuart, Ph.D 96 JEA advertisement EDITORIAL 1997 was an interesting and stressful year in higher education, so far 1998 has been much of the same. We're left wondering, 'Is there time for journalism?'.Yes, as it turns out. Not too far past deadline the Proceedings are ready, we're nearly through another busy semester and so far, we're still sane. Our goal was to make sure everyone who attended JEA '97 had a good time and took something 'educational' away from the experience. From the feedback it seems most delegates went away happy. On a more serious level Time for Journalism was about developing our individual and collective experience of an 'academic' culture injournalism education. It was pleasing to see how well the presentations lived up to our hopes. Discussion was lively and the papers reflective of the commitment we all have to 'doing it better'. This is a timely collection in light of recent very public discussion of journalism education in The Australian IS Higher Education Supplement (18 and 25 March 1998). While none refer to it directly (they were written before it appeared) a number of contributions show that we are already deeply engaged in this debate. Here we also address impliaitly the so-called 'vocational'l 'intellectual' split with a good mix of papers. Some are taken from recently completed or on­ going postgraduate research. Several involve collaboration between the 'teachers' and the 'doers'. Journalism education is not a 'vacant' lot, it's a busy construction zone. Pass 'round the hard hats. The conference attracted papers from educators, editors and working journalists across all the strands, Technology, Industry, Management and Education. Those submitted for this publication were, in many cases, substantially revised by the author; the conference itself acting as a peer review process. It is with sadness that we celebrate the life of Dr Charles Stuart who tragically died soon after attending our December 1997 conference. For many of us it will remain our lasting impression of Charles, resplendent in red braces, his feet up on a chair, deeply engaged in thinking and arguing about journalism and journalism education. With Monica Stuart's permission we have reprinted the JEA's online tribute to Charles in The Proceedings and dedication this publication to his memory. Martin Hirst and Janice Withnall Editors and Co-convenors lEA '97 16 April 1998 Media Ownership: Old Themes, New Challenges Media Ownership: Old Themes, New Challenges Jock Given This article discusses the Coalition Government's abortive attempt to refonn Australia's media ownership laws in 1996 and 1997 and some emerging issues which test traditional models of ownership and control regulation. The Government's Review In its pre-election policy statement Better Communications, the Coalition undertook to review Australia's media ownership laws. It said: The Coalition is committed to implementing a coherent approach to media ownership and cross-media regulation which is driven by national interest and not party political considerations ... a Coalition Government will conduct a comprehensive public review of the existing cross media regime to determine the most cost effective means of achieving such central public interest objectives as plurality, diversity and competition in order to ensure a free, vigorous and independent media sector in Australia (Liberal National Coalition, 1996). The Coalition promised a greater degree ofaccountability in making decisions about media ownership. Reasons would be given for ownership decisions, and 'wherever possible, relevant decision-making processes will be conducted in the public arena'. It would maintain its 'long-standing policy commitment to examine media related foreign investment on a case by case basis' and would 'require the Treasurer to publish reasons for decisions relating to foreign investment in the media sector'. So far, so good. An Issues Paper was released by the Department of Communications and the Arts in October 1996 (Department of Communications and the Arts 1996). It confInned plurality, diversity and competition as 'the central public interest objectives of the Government's policy' and digital technology, convergence and globalisation as factors which 'are arguably already having a signifIcant effect on the plurality, diversity and competitiveness of the media in Australia' .It said 'The more significant of these trends are the emergence ofa multichannel environment in both radio and television and, with it, the empowennent of the consumer'. The paper raised questions rather than proposing answers, and invited public submissions. The Issues Paper attracted a number of submissions (see http://www.dca.gov.aulreview/subs/mediasub.html) which in turn received considerable coverage in the media. Submissions from the major media organisations, not surprisingly, endorsed options which would enhance the commercial interests of the respective organisations and opposed those which would be prejudicial to their interests. News Limited proposed the abolition of foreign ownership and cross-ownership rules specific to the media sector, and their replacement by more flexible regulation under the Trade Practices Act and the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act. PBL, controllers of the Nine Network and aspirants to control of the Fairfax newspaper empire, agreed that the cross-media rules which prevent the company getting control of Fairfax should go, but it supported the retention of foreign ownership rules, which would limit the fIeld of potential purchasers of Fairfax. Fairfax, whose largest shareholder at the time was a foreigner, Conrad Black's Hollinger, agreed that the media-specific foreign ownership rules should be removed. However, it was sceptical about the impact to date of new media. It supported the replacement over time of the cross-media rules with more flexible 'technology neutral' regulation, and the immediate exclusion of radio from their coverage (Grant 1996). Despite the government's election commitment to reform Australia's media ownership laws, it found itself unable to come up with a specific set of options which would deliver on the stated policy objectives and satisfy the conflicting demands of rival media owners. In the end, it seemed just about everyone was off-side - the media owners, the Government's backbench, the Senate and key journalists. The Government announced, in September 1997, not
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