VINWORLD HEALTHCARE P LTD. E U O De Y Al to Serve (Deals Into Domestic, Import& Export of Pharmaceuticals Raw Materials)

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MAGAZINE W VINWORLD HEALTHCARE P LTD. e u o de y al to serve (Deals Into Domestic, Import& Export of Pharmaceuticals Raw Materials) GROUP PRODUCT LIST PHARMACEUTICALS API & EXCIPIENTS Acotamide HCL hydrate ImitanibMesylate Atenolol Lactic Acid Azelnidine Letrozole USP Benfotiamine Levetiracetam USP Betamethasone Plain Levosulpride Bethamethasone Sodium Phosphate Lisinopril BP/EP/USP/IP Calcium Carbonate (Oyester Shell) Loperamide Calcium Gluconate BP/USP Luliconazole Calcium Thiogluconate Magnesium Gluconate BP/USP Cefaclor USP (Powder/ Compacted) Manganese Gluconate Cefadroxil BP/USP/IP (Powder / Compacted) Methotraxate CefeximeTrihydrate Methyl Cobalamine Cefuroxime Axitel Mifepristone CefpodoximeProxitel (Micro/ Compacted) Moxifloxacin HCL Ceftriaxone Sodium IP/USP Mupriocin Cephalexin (Plain / Compacted) IP/BP Nimesulide Chlorzoxazone USP Pantaprozole Sodium Ciprofloxacin Base/ Lactate Paracetamol IP/BP Ciprofloxacin HCL IP / USP Polymyxin B suplhate Citicoline Sodium Potassium Chloride Copper Gluconate USP Prednisolone Cyplosporine Quitiapine Fumerate Dexamethasone Plain Ranitidine HCL (IP/ DC grade) Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Rifabutin BP/EP/USP Dextromethorphan RosuvastatinCaclium Di Calcium Phosphate (Dihydrate) Sildenafil Citrate Diclofenac Sodium / Pottasium Silver Sulphadazine USP Divalproex Sodium Sodium Bicarbonate IP / BP Dutasteride Sodium Bromide Enorfloxacin Sodium Choride Enoxaparin sodium Sodium Lactate 60% Ethambutol BP/EP/USP/IP Sulfasalazine USP Ferrous Gluconate BP/USP Sulphacetamide Sodium Ferrous Glycine Sulphate Tacrolimus Flupritine Maleate Tadalafil Gabapentin Tapentadol HCL Glibemclamide BP/EP Telmisartan IP Gliclazide Teneligliptin Guaifenisin IP / USP Tobramycin Sulphate - China Heparin Sodium Tri Calcium Phosphate (IP Grade) Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin HPBCD Ursodeoxycholic Acid Hydroxyzine HCL Vitamin B1 HCL/ Mono Iitraconazole Voglibose Illoperidone Zinc Bacitracin IP Head Office : Vinayak Group, B-308, Iscon Centre, Shivranjani Crossroads, Satellite, Ahmedabad-380015 Phone No.: +91 7940321603, +91 8866001603, +91 9998955545, +91 9737755545 E-Mail us :- Inquiries : [email protected], [email protected] , Business Opportunities : [email protected] Visit us @ www.vinayakgroup.net.

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25-CRNVMS3-COPPER.Pdf
EXCERPTED FROM: Vitamin and Mineral Safety 3rd Edition (2013) Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) www.crnusa.org Copper Introduction Copper, like iron and some other elements, is a transition metal and performs at least some of its functions through oxidation-reduction reactions. These reactions involve the transition from Cu1+ to Cu2+. There is little or no Cu valence 0 (the metallic form) in biological systems (European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food [EC SCF] 2003). The essential role of copper was recognized after animals that were fed only a whole-milk diet developed an apparent deficiency that did not respond to iron supplementation and was then recognized as a copper deficiency (Turnlund 1999). The similarity of copper-deficiency anemia and iron-deficiency anemia helped scientists to understand copper’s important biological role as the activator of the enzyme ferroxidase I (ceruloplasmin), which is necessary for iron absorption and mobilization from storage in the liver (Linder 1996; Turnlund 1999; EC SCF 2003). Copper activates several enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids and their metabolites, energy, and the activated form of oxygen, superoxide. Enzyme activation by copper produces physiologically important effects on connective tissue formation, iron metabolism, central nervous system activity, melanin pigment formation, and protection against oxidative stress. There are two known inborn errors of copper metabolism. Wilson disease results when an inability to excrete copper causes the element to accumulate, and Menkes disease results when an inability to absorb copper creates a copper deficiency (Turnlund 1994). Safety Considerations Copper is relatively nontoxic in most mammals, including humans (Scheinberg and Sternlieb 1976; Linder 1996).
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DESCRIPTION Nicadan® Tablets Are a Specially Formulated Dietary
DESCRIPTION niacinamide may reduce the hepatic metabolism of primidone Nicadan® tablets are a specially formulated dietary supplement and carbamazepine. Individuals taking these medications containing natural ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties. should consult their physician. Individuals taking anti- Each pink-coated tablet is oval shaped, scored and embossed diabetes medications should have their blood glucose levels with “MM”. Nicadan® is for oral administration only. monitored. Nicadan® should be administered under the supervision of a Allergic sensitization has been reported rarely following oral licensed medical practitioner. administration of folic acid. Folic acid above 1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematologic remission may INGREDIENTS occur while neurological manifestations remain progressive. Each tablet of Nicadan® contains: Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid).................100 mg DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Niacinamide (Vitamin B-3) ..................800 mg Take one tablet daily with food or as directed by a physician. Vitamin B-6 (as Pyridoxine HCI) . .10 mg Nicadan® tablets are scored, so they may be broken in half Folic Acid...............................500 mcg if required. Magnesium (as Magnesium Citrate).............5 mg HOW SUPPLIED Zinc (as Zinc Gluconate).....................20 mg Nicadan® is available in a bottle containing 60 tablets. Copper (as Copper Gluconate)..................2 mg 43538-440-60 Alpha Lipoic Acid...........................50 mg Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Keep bottle tightly Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, closed. Store in cool dry place. Hypromellose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Polydextrose, Talc, Magnesium Sterate Vegetable, Vegetable Stearine, Red Beet KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF Powder, Titanium Dioxide, Maltodextrin and Triglycerides. CHILDREN.
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Management of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants / Blackmer, Bailey 2012
XXX10.1177/0884533612461531Nutrition in Clinical PracticeManagement of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants / Blackmer, Bailey 2012 Clinical Observations Nutrition in Clinical Practice Volume 28 Number 1 Management of Copper Deficiency in Cholestatic Infants: February 2013 75-86 © 2012 American Society Review of the Literature and a Case Series for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition DOI: 10.1177/0884533612461531 ncp.sagepub.com hosted at online.sagepub.com Allison Beck Blackmer, PharmD, BCPS1; and Elizabeth Bailey, RD2 Abstract Copper is an essential trace element, playing a critical role in multiple functions in the body. Despite the necessity of adequate copper provision and data supporting the safety of copper administration during cholestasis, it remains common practice to reduce or remove copper in parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions after the development of cholestasis due to historical recommendations supporting this practice. In neonates, specifically premature infants, less is known about required copper intakes to accumulate copper stores and meet increased demands during rapid growth. Pediatric surgical patients are at high risk for hepatic injury during long-term PN provision and a balance is needed between the potential for reduced biliary excretion of copper and adequate copper intakes to prevent deficiency. Copper deficiency has been documented in several pediatric patients with cholestasis when parenteral copper was reduced or removed. Few data guide the management of copper deficiency in the pediatric population. The following case series describes our experience with successfully managing copper deficiency in 3 cholestatic infants after copper had been reduced or removed from their PN. Classic signs of copper deficiency were present, including hypocupremia, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and osteopenia.
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Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs .
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Toxicological Profile for Copper
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR COPPER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2004 COPPER ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. COPPER iii UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicological Profile for Copper, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2002. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 COPPER vii QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Primary Chapters/Sections of Interest Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance’s relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 2: Relevance to Public Health: The Relevance to Public Health Section evaluates, interprets, and assesses the significance of toxicity data to human health.
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Copper Gluconate
Copper Gluconate Cambridge Commodities Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 3 Part Number: P0343 Issue Date: 04/06/2021 Version No: 3.16.23.11 Print Date: 24/09/2021 Safety data sheet according to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, as amended by UK REACH Regulations SI 2019/758 S.REACH.GB.EN SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking 1.1. Product Identifier Product name Copper Gluconate Chemical Name copper(II) gluconate Synonyms Not Available Proper shipping name ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (contains copper(II) gluconate) Chemical formula Not Applicable Other means of P0343 identification 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Relevant identified uses Use according to manufacturer's directions. Uses advised against Not Applicable 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Registered company name Cambridge Commodities Address Lancaster Way Business Park, Ely, Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire CB6 3NX United Kingdom Telephone +44 1353 667258 Fax Not Available Website Not Available Email [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number Association / Organisation Not Available Emergency telephone Not Available numbers Other emergency Not Available telephone numbers Product code: P0343 Version No: 3.16.23.2 Page 1 of 21 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-642049 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 04/06/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com SECTION 2 Hazards identification 2.1.
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Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Ferric Sodium EDTA
Blood of & al L n y r m Curcio et al., J Blood Lymph 2018, 8:3 u p o h J DOI: 10.4172/2165-7831.1000224 ISSN: 2165-7831 Journal of Blood & Lymph Mini Review Open Access Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Ferric Sodium EDTA Associated with Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Copper Gluconate, Zinc Gluconate and Selenomethionine Administration in Patients with Secondary Anaemia Annalisa Curcio1, Adriana Romano1, Marchitto Nicola2, Michele Pironti1*and Raimondi Gianfranco3 1Merqurio Pharma, Naples, Italy 2Department of Internal Medicine, Alfredo Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, (Latina), Italy 3Department of Medical-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy *Corresponding author: Pironti M, Merqurio Pharma, Corso Umberto I, 23–80138, Naples, Italy, Tel: +39 0815524300; Fax: +39 0814201136; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: September 7, 2018; Accepted date: September 11, 2018; Published date: September 14, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Curcio A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Anemia is a global problem since two billion people are affected by blood cells disorders. Anemia may reduce the quality of life of affected patients and may also to get worse the outcome and quality of life of patients with comorbidities as kidney failure, heart failure, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease and so on. In patients with coronary heart disease, anginal episodes may increase in frequency and severity, and patients with kidney failure may have an increased number of re-hospitalizations.
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Role of Ferric Sodium EDTA Associated with Vitamin C, Folic
Research Article iMedPub Journals Health Science Journal 2019 www.imedpub.com ISSN 1791-809X Vol. 13 No. 5: 682 DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.13.5.682 Role of Ferric Sodium EDTA Associated with Marchitto Nicola1*, Sindona Francesco2, Vitamin C, Folic acid, Copper gluconate, Pannozzi Alberto2, Zinc Gluconate and Selenomethionine Petrucci Alessia2 Fusco Liuba3, Dalmaso Serenella Gioia1 Administration in Patients with Secondary and Raimondi Gianfranco4 Anaemia: Effects on Hemoglobin Value and 1 Internal Medicine Department, Alfredo Cardiovascular Risk Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, (Latina), Italy 2 "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy 3 Cardiology Department, Villa Laura, Bologna, Italy 4 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences Abstract and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" Introduction: Iron-Deficiency anaemia (IDA) has a high impact on the quality of life University of Rome, Italy in old patients when affected by chronic heart failure and/or respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Ferric Sodium EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel forte®) 2 tabs/day for 24 days, in elderly patients with secondary anaemia, analysing cardiovascular risk and quality of life by means of *Corresponding author: ECG and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analyses. Dr. Nicola Marchitto Materials and methods: We have enrolled 43 elderly patients, divided in 2 groups: the first one (N=14 patients) treated with oral administration of Ferric Sodium [email protected] EDTA in combination with vitamin C, folic acid, copper gluconate, zinc gluconate and selenomethionine (Ferachel forte®) 2 tabs/day, containing 60 mg of Fe3+, for Specialist in Geriatrics and Gerontology, MD, 24 days, the second one (N=29 patients) treated with ferrous gluconate 63 mg/ Department of Internal Medicine, Alfredo day added to saline solution administered using intravenous access during the Fiorini Hospital, Terracina (Latina), Italy hospitalization period of 15 ± 5 days.
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A Comparative Study of the Bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn from Gluten-Free Breads Enriched with Natural and Synthetic Additives
foods Article A Comparative Study of the Bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn from Gluten-Free Breads Enriched with Natural and Synthetic Additives Anna Rogaska , Julita Reguła * , Joanna Suliburska and Zbigniew Krejpcio Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (Z.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-6184-873-39 Received: 29 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of iron, copper and zinc from newly designed gluten-free breads enriched with natural and synthetic additives. The study was conducted on rats with induced Fe, Cu and Zn deficiency. The nutritional intervention with diets supplemented with a 70% addition of gluten-free breads enriched with natural additives and organic compounds to the control diet AIN-93M lasted 40 days. After the intervention, the rats were euthanized, the organs were collected and their mineral content was measured. Chemical analysis of diets with the addition of fortified gluten-free breads showed significantly higher amounts of iron, zinc and copper in diets with the addition of fortified breads compared to diets with the addition of unenriched breads. The type of additives did not influence the amount of minerals in diets. It is necessary to conduct further research to explain the interactions of ingredients and the factors affecting the bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn from gluten-free breads in order to obtain a product with a high bioavailability of these ingredients.
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Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Updated June 07, 2021 Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Three categories of bulk drug substances: • Category 1: Bulk Drug Substances Under Evaluation • Category 2: Bulk Drug Substances that Raise Significant Safety Risks • Category 3: Bulk Drug Substances Nominated Without Adequate Support Updates to Categories of Substances Nominated for the 503B Bulk Drug Substances List1 • Add the following entry to category 2 due to serious safety concerns of mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and possible carcinogenicity when quinacrine hydrochloride is used for intrauterine administration for non- surgical female sterilization: 2,3 o Quinacrine Hydrochloride for intrauterine administration • Revision to category 1 for clarity: o Modify the entry for “Quinacrine Hydrochloride” to “Quinacrine Hydrochloride (except for intrauterine administration).” • Revision to category 1 to correct a substance name error: o Correct the error in the substance name “DHEA (dehydroepiandosterone)” to “DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone).” 1 For the purposes of the substance names in the categories, hydrated forms of the substance are included in the scope of the substance name. 2 Quinacrine HCl was previously reviewed in 2016 as part of FDA’s consideration of this bulk drug substance for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List. As part of this review, the Division of Bone, Reproductive and Urologic Products (DBRUP), now the Division of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology (DUOG), evaluated the nomination of quinacrine for intrauterine administration for non-surgical female sterilization and recommended that quinacrine should not be included on the 503A Bulks List for this use. This recommendation was based on the lack of information on efficacy comparable to other available methods of female sterilization and serious safety concerns of mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity in use of quinacrine for this indication and route of administration.
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lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Unlted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,164,185 Charpin et a1. [45] Date of Patent: Nov. 17, 1992 [54] PHARMACEUTICAL AND COSMETIC [56] References Cited DEPTGMENTATION COMPOSITIONS WITH A CAFFEIC ACID BASE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,982,999 9/1976 Kharasch ......................... .. 424/94.3 [75] Inventors: Isabelle Charpin, St Maur Des ghment at all giijs’l?l§l,‘guca?daggyshfn’. - - 1 4,824,865, , 4/1989 Bowseracque eet a.al. 514/858 . g. ' ye ’. 0 .3” 4,990,330 2/1991 Oyama ................................ .. 424/62 Christiane Montastler, Maisons Laf?tte; Francois Millecamps, Paris, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 3“ °f France 1533371 7/1968 France . _ 2613622 12/1978 F . [73] Ass1gnee: L’Oreal, Pans, France 2390160 10/1988 F222: _ 2-55607 10/1990 Japan . [2]] Appl. No.: 691,045 OTHER PUBLICATIONS [22] PCT Filed: 091- 19, 1990 Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 11, No. 349 . (C*4S6)(2796), Nov. 14, 1987. [86] PCT N°-= PCT/FR90/00760 Patent Abstract of Japan, vol. 6, No. 44, (C-95)(922), §371 Date: Aug. 13, 1991 Mar- 19, 1982. § 102(5) Date; Aug 31’ 1991 Primary Examiner-Thurman K. Page Assistant Examiner-D. Colucci [87] PCT Pub, No,; W091 /05543 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-—Cushman, Darby & Cushman PCT Pub. Date: May 2, 1991 [57] ABSTRACT . _ ‘ ' A pharmaceutical or cosmetic depigmenting composi-' [30] Forelg" Apphc‘mon Pnomy Data tion for application to the skin so as to improve the Oct. 20, 1989 {FR} France .............................. .. 89 13774 aesthetic appearance of the skin or to treat pathological or accidental hyperpigmentation contains caffeic acid [51] Int.
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Chelating Principles in Menkes and Wilson Diseases
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 190 (2019) 98–112 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jinorgbio Review article Chelating principles in Menkes and Wilson diseases T Choosing the right compounds in the right combinations at the right time ⁎ ⁎⁎ Nina Horna, , Lisbeth Birk Møllerb, Valeria Marina Nurchic, Jan Aasethd,e, a Fredensborg, Denmark b Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark c Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy d Innlandet Hospital, Norway e Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Dysregulation of copper homeostasis in humans is primarily found in two genetic diseases of copper transport, Copper Menkes and Wilson diseases, which show symptoms of copper deficiency or overload, respectively. However, Histidine both diseases are copper storage disorders despite completely opposite clinical pictures. Clinically, Menkes Chelation disease is characterized by copper deficiency secondary to poor loading of copper-requiring enzymes although Ionophores sufficient body copper. Copper accumulates in non-hepatic tissues, but is deficient in blood, liver, andbrain.In Menkes disease contrast, Wilson disease is characterized by symptoms of copper toxicity secondary to accumulation of copper in Wilson disease several organs most notably brain and liver, and a saturated blood copper pool. It is a challenge to correct copper dyshomeostasis in either disease though copper depletion in Menkes disease is most challenging. Both diseases are caused by defective copper export from distinct cells, and we seek to give new angles and guidelines to improve treatment of these two complementary diseases.
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