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Technical Eia Guidance Manual Offshore and Onshore Oil & Gas Exploration, Development and Production

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Technical Eia Guidance Manual Offshore and Onshore Oil & Gas Exploration, Development and Production Final Draft TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR OFFSHORE AND ONSHORE OIL & GAS EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION Prepared for Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited Hyderabad September 2009 PROJECT TEAM Project Coordination Dr. (Mrs.) Nalini Bhat Ministry of Environment & Forests Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. (Mrs.) T. Chandni Director, Ministry of Environment and Forests Core Project Coordination Team Mr. Mahesh Babu IL&FS Environment CEO Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Vice President & Project Director Mr. B.S.V. Pavan Gopal Manager –Technical Mr. Padmanabhachar. K Environmental Engineer Ms. Chaitanya Vangeti GIS Engineer Ms. Suman Benedicta Thomas Technical Writer Resource Person Dr. Y. R. Mehta Former Director, Gas Authority of India Limited Expert Core & Peer Committee Chairman Dr. V. Rajagopalan, IAS Principal Secretary Government of Uttar Pradesh Core Members Dr. R. K. Garg Former Chairman, EIA Committee Ministry of Environment and Forests Mr. Paritosh C. Tyagi Former Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Prof. S.P. Gautam Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. Tapan Chakraborti Director, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mr. K. P. Nyati Former Head, Environmental Policy, Confederation of Indian Industry Dr. G.K. Pandey Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. (Mrs.) Nalini Bhat Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. G.V. Subramaniam Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. B. Sengupta Former Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. R. C. Trivedi Former Scientist, Central Pollution Control Board Peer Members Dr. Hosabettu Former Director, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. B. D. Ghosh Director, Centre For High Technology Member Convener Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Project Director TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUALS PROJECT 1-1 1.1 Purpose 1-2 1.2 Project Implementation 1-3 1.3 Additional Information 1-3 2. CONCEPTUAL FACETS OF EIA 2-1 2.1 Environment in EIA Context 2-1 2.2 Pollution Control Strategy 2-1 2.3 Tools for Preventive Environmental Management 2-2 2.3.1 Tools for assessment and analysis 2-2 2.3.2 Tools for Action 2-5 2.3.3 Tools for Communication 2-9 2.4 Objectives of EIA 2-10 2.5 Types of EIA 2-10 2.6 Basic EIA Principles 2-11 2.7 Project Cycle 2-13 2.8 Environmental Impacts 2-13 2.8.1 Direct impacts 2-14 2.8.2 Indirect impacts 2-14 2.8.3 Cumulative impacts 2-15 2.8.4 Induced Impact 2-15 2.9 Significance of Impacts 2-15 2.9.1 Criteria/Methodology to Determine the Significance of the Identified Impacts 2-16 3. ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE OIL & GAS EXPLORATION DEVELOPMENT & PRODUCTION 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.1.1 New significant discoveries 3-5 3.1.2 Exploration & production (E&P) data statistics 3-6 3.2 Scientific Aspects 3-14 3.2.1 Industrial process 3-14 3.2.2 Raw material inputs and pollution outputs 3-25 3.3 Risk Potential in Bulk Storage and Handling of Hazardous Chemicals for Oil/Gas Drilling 3-51 3.3.1 Hazard identification 3-51 3.3.2 Hazard assessment and evaluation 3-54 3.3.3 Failure mode analysis 3-54 3.3.4 Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) 3-55 3.3.5 Safety measures 3-58 3.3.6 Damage criteria 3-58 3.3.7 Consequence analysis 3-62 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration Industry September 2009 i Table of Contents 3.4 Summary of Applicable National Regulations 3-63 3.4.1 General description of major statutes 3-63 3.4.2 Industry specific requirements 3-63 4. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EIA 4-1 4.1 Coverage of Offshore and Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Development & Production Industry under the Purview of Notification 4-1 4.1.1 Application for Prior Screening for Environmental Clearance 4-2 4.1.2 Siting Guidelines 4-3 4.2 Scoping for EIA studies 4-4 4.2.1 Pre-feasibility Report 4-5 4.2.2 Guidance for filling information in Form 1 4-6 4.2.3 Identification of Appropriate Valued Environmental Components 4-7 4.2.4 Methods for Identification of Impacts 4-7 4.2.5 Testing the significance of impacts 4-14 4.2.6 Terms of reference for EIA studies 4-15 4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment 4-27 4.3.1 EIA Team 4-27 4.3.2 Baseline Quality of the Environment 4-28 4.3.3 Significance of Impacts 4-31 4.4 Social Impact Assessment 4-32 4.5 Risk Assessment 4-34 4.6 Mitigation Measures 4-38 4.6.1 Important Considerations for Mitigation Methods 4-38 4.6.2 Hierarchy of Elements of Mitigation Plan 4-39 4.6.3 Typical Mitigation Measures 4-40 4.6.4 Mitigation Measures on Special Environmental Issues 4-41 4.7 Environmental Management Plan 4-54 4.8 Reporting 4-55 4.9 Public Consultation 4-56 4.10 Appraisal 4-59 4.11 Decision-making 4-61 4.12 Post Clearance Monitoring Protocol 4-62 5. STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 5-1 5.1 EAC 5-3 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration Industry September 2009 ii Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Summary of the Exploration and Production Process ......................................................3-24 Table 3-2: List of Pollutants Generated .............................................................................................3-25 Table 3-3: Potential Material Outputs from Selected Oil and Gas Extraction Processes .................3-49 Table 3-4: Applicability of GOI Rules To Fuel/Chemical Storage ...................................................3-52 Table 3-5: Properties of Fuels/Chemicals Used In Drilling...............................................................3-52 Table 3-6: F&EI and TI Categories ...................................................................................................3-53 Table 3-7: Failure Mode Analysis .....................................................................................................3-54 Table 3-8: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process/Storage Areas .................................................3-56 Table 3-9: Preliminary Hazard Analysis for the Installation in General............................................3-57 Table 3-10: Damage Due to Incident Radiation Intensities...............................................................3-59 Table 3-11: Radiation Exposure and Lethality ..................................................................................3-59 Table 3-12: Damage Due to Peak over Pressure................................................................................3-60 Table 3-13: Critical Concentrations for Chlorine ..............................................................................3-61 Table 3-14: Scenarios Considered For MCA Analysis......................................................................3-61 Table 3-15: Standards for Marine Disposal .......................................................................................3-63 Table 3-16: Toxicity Limits ...............................................................................................................3-63 Table 3-17: Onshore Discharge Standards.........................................................................................3-64 Table 4-1: Advantages and Disadvantages of Impact Identification Methods ....................................4-7 Table 4-2: Matrix of Impacts .............................................................................................................4-10 Table 4-3: List of Important Physical Environment Components and Indicators of EBM...............4-29 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration Industry September 2009 iii Table of Contents Table 4-4: Guidance for Accidental Risk Assessment.......................................................................4-36 Table 4-5: Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase ...................................................................4-40 Table 4-6: Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase........................................................................4-40 Table 4-7: Onshore Activities - Environmental Protection Measures ...............................................4-44 Table 4-8: Offshore – Environmental Protection Measures ..............................................................4-50 Table 4-9: Structure of EIA Report....................................................................................................4-55 Table 5-1: Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders Involved in Prior Environmental Clearance..5-1 Table 5-2: Organization-specific Functions.........................................................................................5-2 Table 5-3: EAC: Eligibility Criteria for Chairperson/ Members / Secretary .......................................5-5 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration Industry September 2009 iv Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Inclusive Components of Sustainable Development.........................................................2-1 Figure 2-2: Types of Impacts.............................................................................................................2-14 Figure 2-3: Cumulative Impact..........................................................................................................2-15 Figure 3-1: Sedimentary Basins of India .............................................................................................3-2 Figure 3-2: Categorization of Sedimentary Basins ..............................................................................3-3 Figure 3-3: Sedimentary Basinal Areas ...............................................................................................3-4 Figure 3-4: Total
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