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[email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. SOCIETY AGAINST THE STATE : PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF EARLY ANDHRA PRADESH by Amareswar Galla Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Australian National University. December, 1982. LIBRARY This thesis is my own work. December, 1982. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iv Note of Prakrit Words iv Abstract , v List of Maps and Charts vi Abbreviations vii - viii Ch. I. Introduction pp. 1-7 Ch. II. Intensification of Agriculture pp. 8-51 Ch.III. Long Distance Trade and Commerce pp. 52-108 Ch. IV. The Nature of Urbanism. pp. 109-141 Ch. V. Religious Undercurrents pp. 142-166 Ch. VI. Society Against the State pp. 168-216 Bibliography pp. 217-235 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among the many people who have contributed to the process of this thesis, I would like to thank the following. The names are given alphabetically. Dr. F.R. Allchin, Professor A.L. Basham, Margaret Burns, Mr. K.A. Cowan, Indrani Ganguly, Dr. J.T.F. Jordens, Dr. D.H. Kelly, Maureen Kingshott and Professor Romila Thapar. NOTE ON PRAKRIT WORDS Following Trautmann's example (see bibliography), I have not Sanskritised the names occurring in the inscriptions of Andhra Pradesh.