Einleitung. I

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Einleitung. I DIE VOKALE DER TONSILBEN IM CODEX WINTONIENSIS. Einleitung. i. In den angelsächsischen Urkunden liegt ein ausgedehntes material verborgen, das bis jetzt seitens der Sprachforscher nur teilweise beachtung gefunden hat. Der grund hiervon ist gewiss in der beschaffenheit dieses materials zu suchen. Nur verhältnismässig wenige jener Urkunden sind uns im original erhalten, weitaus die meisten in Sammelhandschriften auf uns gekommen, die erst nach der normannischen eroberung ent- standen, und demgemäss nur mehr oder weniger sorgfältige kopien älterer dokumente aus der angelsächsischen zeit bringen. Gerade in solchen Schriftstücken könnte der eine oder der andere versucht sein, ein für sprachliche zwecke sehr unzu- längliches material zu finden. Aber wenn wir das auch zu- geben möchten, selbst dann kann es keinem zweifei unterliegen, dass es bei dem heutigen fortgeschrittenen stand der Sprach- wissenschaft erforderlich wird, auch das anscheinend minder- wertigste material einer genauen betrachtung zu unterziehen. Es ist sicher, dass hierbei manche interessante einzelheit zu retten ist, die sonst spurlos verschwinden würde. Von diesem Standpunkt ausgehend befasst sich vorliegende arbeit mit einer sammelhandschrift obenangedeuteter art, nämlich dem Addi- tional Manuskript 15350, dem sog. Codex Wintoniensis im Britischen Museum. Folgende beschreibuug dieses Ms., die der List of Additions to the Department of Manuscripts 1845 ent- nommen ist, verdanke ich der gute von herrn F. G. Kenyon vom Britischen Museum: "Ancient Cartulary of the Priory of St. Swithin, Winchester, containing a large collection of royal Auglia. N.F. XILL 26 Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 5/19/15 5:47 PM 394 R. A. WILLIAMS, and other charters, in Anglo-Saxon and Latin, from the reign of Ceadwalla of Wessex, A. D. 668, to the reign of Edward the Confessor, A. D. 1046; with the addition of a few others of later date, granted by William I, Stephen and Henry I. The volume is very finely written throughout, with ornamental initial letters, and was probably compiled in the time of Henry de Blois, Bishop of Winchester (brother of King Stephen) between the years 1130—1150." Die in diesem cartularium enthaltenen Urkunden, abgesehen von den nach der regierungs- zeit Eadwards des Bekenners entstandenen, finden sich abge- druckt in folgenden zwei werken, die ich meiner arbeit zu gründe gelegt habe: W. de Gray Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum. 3 Bde. London 1885—1893 und J. M. Kemble, Codex Diplo- maticus Aevi Saxonici. 6 Bde. London, 1839—1848. Das Cart. Sax. bringt eine diplomatisch genaue wiedergäbe der texte, reicht aber leider nur bis zum jähre 975 herunter. Für die nach diesem jähre datierten Urkunden war ich daher auf das Kemble'sche werk angewiesen. Kemble ist seinem material gegenüber freier verfahren als de Gray Birch. Nach eigener angäbe hat er versucht, den text aller nicht im original vor- liegenden Urkunden zu normalisieren (cf. Cod. Dip. I Einl. s. cxiv). Dass er jedoch hierin nicht sehr weit gegangen ist, wenigstens was Add. Ms. 15350 anbelangt, beweist ein ver- gleich der Urkunden vor 975 mit denselben in der gestalt, wie sie sich bei de Gray Birch finden. Er hat die hand- schriftlichen akzente weggelassen und eigene zur bezeichnung der vokallänge eingeführt. Ferner rückt er komposita zu- sammen, die im Codex vom Schreiber auseinander gehalten sind, verbessert offenkundige Schreibfehler, liest gewöhnlich JEöel oder JElt statt Aöel bezw. Eöel oder Alf bezw. Elf, und ähnliches. 9 Solche kleinigkeiten jedoch sind von wenigem J) Zur veranschaulichung seien hier die ergebnisse eines Vergleiches der texte von etlichen Urkunden bei den beiden herausgebern beigegeben. Ich hebe nur wichtigeres hervor. (Die zahlen beziehen sich auf die num- mern bei Birch. Bei jedem beispiel setze ich die form des wortes bei de G. B. voran.) 27 witan wyrÖe — pitan wyrfie; ende — cende; pes pwyres — der pwyres; landsccere — landscecere; Cynevvalc — Cyneuudlc; Ceolof—Ceolue; Vnwana — Unuuana; Lvtting — Lutttng; Vibatä — Uibald. 102. ford (adv.) — ford; inon — in on; Foriheres — Fordere*. 158. Fridogyda — Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 5/19/15 5:47 PM DIE VOKALE DEB TONSILBEN IM CODEX WINTONIENSIS. 395 belang und ich glaube seinen text als im wesentlichen zu- verlässig ansehen zu können. In vorliegender arbeit soll versucht werden, das im Codex Wintoniensis vorhandene material zwecks einer darstellung der lautverhältnisse der tonsilben mit möglichster Vollständig- keit heranzuziehen. Ich will dabei in erster linie präzisieren, inwieweit die angelsächsische Urkundensprache in der form, in der sie uns grösstenteils überliefert ist, für solche zwecke ausreicht. Daneben kommt es darauf an, die einheitlichkeit des dialekts, sowohl zeitlich wie örtlich, und sein Verhältnis zum Früh- und Spätws. zu prüfen. Da die Überlieferung nicht direkt ist, wird es auch erforderlich, solche späte formen, die die Schreiber aus ihrer eigenen spräche eingestreut haben Fridogyda; Uping ford — Ucingford; more — mor; widig siede — widig- slede; widig leagate — widiglea gate; bceriht gemoere — bce rihtgemc&re; gyrd weg — gyrdweg; ceceras — ceceras; gata forÖ — gataford; Fry do- gydce — Frydogydce. 594. Ueberschrift To Hyssebuman bei K. wegge- lassen. Alfred — Alfred; Orferd— Osferd; ge erian— ge-erian; gerawan — gesawan; gauol bcerer — gauolbceres; and hiora agenre [hjwile — on hiora agenre hwile; eala sceapan — eald sceapan; and (Schreibfehler) — an; ganddagan — Gangdagan; lang gemero — landgemero; bitan cnolle — bican cnolle; wiwindlan — piwindlan; Off erb — OsferÖ. 595. Adelwulf — JEdelwulf; Wulhere — Wulf here; dissa — dissa; Beorstan — Beornstan; JEdelferd — ^delferd; Ocea — Occa. 599. ared — aned (fehlerhafte Verbesserung! ared = praet. zu arcbdan); agyfed — agyfed; to hynÖ — to hyrd; fol — folc; dara — Öara; standad — standaÖ; acennesse — acen- nfednjesse; ^Kdelstan — &delstan. 605. crinig — einig; Denulfe — Deneulfe; stc&nne — st&nnene; slapern — sl&pern; twodoelanne — to- dcblanne; Donne is Öis se eaca — Donne is Öisse eaca; beodcern — be· orÖcern; suöstrete — suÖstrckte; das simbganges — OCRS imbganges; driu — priu; EadwearÖ — Eadweard; DeormoÖ — Deormod; Adelstan — jfäÖelstan. 611. Epelweard — JEdelweard; Osferd — OsferÖ; Byrhnelm — Byrnhelm; Wühbord — Widbord; Elfred — Alfred; Elfstan — JElfstan; Eperic — ^Eöeric. 948. Eadgi — Eadwi; Eadvvig — Eaduuig; heow wah — heoppah; Alfwold — ^Elfwold; j&Öelgeard — ^EÖelgeard; Byrhtferd — ByrhtferÖ. 959. AÖehvold — ^EÖehvold; well pitt — welwill; wettpyttcB — welwyttce; wrostlan wyl —prostlan wyl; genesporn — genes porn; scypeladces pyllce — Scypeladaes wyllce; of pam pyllce on mer pyll of pain pyüce — of Öam wyllce on merwytt of 0am wyllce; well pyll — wellwyll; Alfwold — Alfwold; Byrhtfert — Byrhtferd; ByrhferÖ — Byrhtferd. 26* Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 5/19/15 5:47 PM 396 E. A. WILLIAMS, können, sorgfältig auszuscheiden, um so ein reineres bild der ursprünglichen Verhältnisse zu gewinnen. Diese letzte auf- gäbe wird dadurch einigermassen erleichtert, dass einige von den Originalurkunden, die bei der herstellung des Codex Win- toniensis wahrscheinlich benützt wurden, uns noch erhalten sind, obwohl leider in sehr geringer zahl. Diese müssen dann natürlich zur vergleichung sorgfältig herangezogen werden. m. Die direkte vorläge des Codex Wintoniensis ist eine an- dere handschrift ähnlicher art gewesen; d. h. seine Schreiber haben nicht etwa die im Cod. enthaltenen Urkunden zusammen- gestellt und so zu sagen redigiert, sondern sie haben eine schon fertige Sammlung vor sich gehabt, die sie einfach abgeschrieben haben. Dies geht aus folgenden erwägungen klar hervor: ein teil des Cod. sticht vermöge eines besonderen merkmals vom rest der hs. deutlich ab. Dieses merkmal besteht nämlich in der überaus häufigen anwendung der ligatur ce, nicht nur in ton- sondern auch in unbetonten silben, an stellen, wo nach der gewöhnlichen regel nur e berechtigt ist. Allein durch die regelmässigkeit, womit in allen ein e enthaltenden flexions- endungen und mittelsilben, sowie in den unbetonten prokli- tischen partikeln wie be, de, ge etc., dieses ce für e wieder- kehrt, kann man diesen teil der hs. mit der grössten leichtigkeit vom rest des Codex absondern. Wir könnten also vermuten wollen, dass der besagte abschnitt nicht von demselben Schreiber herrühre wie die übrigen teile, mit anderen worten, dass er von einer anderen hand geschrieben sei. Dies ist jedoch nicht der fall. Wie ich von meinem gewährsmann erfahre, ist am anfang dieses teils des Codex kein Wechsel in der hand des Schreibers erkennbar. Sowohl dieser teil wie der vorher- gehende rührt also von ein und demselben Schreiber her. Es ist jedoch nicht möglich, dass dieser Schreiber, als er am anfang des in betracht kommenden abschnitts angelangt war, alle seine gepflogenheiten bezüglich die Setzung von ce und e plötzlich umänderte, wir müssen vielmehr annehmen, dass er eine vorläge vor sich hatte, worin der entsprechende teil schon diese Verschiedenheit aufwies, folglich, dass diese vorläge von mehreren Schreibern herrührte, deren eigentümlichkeiten in der späteren abschrift entweder mit absieht oder durch gleich- Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 5/19/15 5:47 PM DIB VOKALE DER TONSILBEN IM CODEX WINTONIEN8IS. 397 giltigkeit bewahrt wurden. Wir
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