Transformation of Traditional Secondary Schools to Sustainable Educational Building
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Transformation of Traditional Secondary Schools to Sustainable Educational Building By Mohammed Osama Rasmy A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCES In ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT 2011 Transformation of Traditional Secondary Schools to Sustainable Educational Building By Mohammed Osama Rasmy A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCES In ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Medhat Dorra Zeinab Youssef Shafik Professor of Architecture Professor of Architecture Department of Architecture Department of Architecture Cairo University Cairo University FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT 2011 II Transformation of Traditional Secondary Schools to Sustainable Educational Building دراﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺪارس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪارس ﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ By Mohammed Osama Rasmy A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University In Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCES In ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Approved by the Examining committee Prof. Dr. Mohammed Medhat Dorra Main Advisor Prof. Dr. Zeinab Youssef Shafik Advisor Prof. Dr. Khaled Mohammed Dewidar Member Prof. Dr. Rowaida Mohamed Reda Kamel Member III Engineer: Mohammed Osama Mohammed Rasmy Date of Birth : 12/4/1980 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 0127150301 Address: plot 551-11, 9th street, Moqattam, Cairo, Egypt. Registration Date: 1 / 10 /2003 Awarding Date: / / Degree: Master Department: Architectural Engineering Supervisors: Prof.Dr. Mohamed Medhat Hassan Dorra Cairo University Prof.Dr. Zeinab Youssef Shafik Cairo University Examiners: Prof. Dr. Khaled Mohamed RaghebDewidar Ain Shams University Prof.Dr. Rowaida Mohamed Reda Kamel Cairo University Prof.Dr. Mohamed Medhat Hassan Dorra Cairo University Prof.Dr. Zeinab Youssef Shafik Cairo University Title of Thesis: Transformation of Traditional Secondary Schools to Sustainable Educational Building Key words: Sustainable School Summary: Egyptians suffer in the current era from the local educational buildings in spite of the efforts exerted by the government in this field. The aspiration of our future generations cannot be achieved without advanced educational system and well designed educational buildings. The research covers the topic of sustainable educational buildings, since it is considered the new approach for school design. The thesis is divided into four main sections; The First section covers observations to Egyptian schools, their problems and the deficiencies in the educational process in Egypt. Section two-addressee sustainable architecture, understanding sustainability and how it can be achieved in Egyptian schools. Section three is research framework to design sustainable educational buildings, the Architectural theoretical investigation to build schools to become sustainable buildings. Section four covers the case studies of some international schools and the transformation of Egyptian schools. IV In the Name of Allah To Whom We Owe Our Humanity To Whom We Owe Our ‘Being’ V Mohammed Osama M.Rasmy Architect at Dar El-Handassah Bachelor Degree of Architecture Faculty of Engineering-Cairo University-2003 E-mail:[email protected] Phone: 0127150301 VI Acknowledgements It is my wish to extend my thanks to many people who participated in the production of this work, but first of all, I am grateful to God for giving me the strength and patience to finish this thesis. I would like especially to thank my supervisors; Dr.Medhat Dorra and Dr.Zeinab Shafik for their in-depth reading, valuable criticism, sincere advice and for providing me with valuable references. I am totally indebted to Dr. Zeinab for the extended precious hours she spent with me to develop the research. I would also like to express my appreciation, respect and gratitude to all the efforts Dr. Medhat Dorra has done to support me in the research. I would like to express my gratitude to my wife Arch. Hanan Ezzatt, who has worked with me and supported me in the research. I do owe her a lot. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents and all my family. A special thanks to the students and teachers who helped me to take a photos in their schools. Very special thanks to my friends Dr. Moemen Bellah Elhusseiny, Ola Ezzatt, Aly Fahmy, Ihab Fathy, Karim Amir and Architect Karim Farah “LEED Faculty” for their efforts and time . Very special thanks should be offered to Dar El Handasah and MZECH where I learnt how to be an architect, through working in great projects in Middle East and Egypt. Finally, this thesis is for every child and youth in the Egypt to learn about the sustainability in his / her school. VII Abstract Egyptians suffer in the current era from the local educational buildings in spite of the efforts exerted by the government in this field. The aspiration of our future generations cannot be achieved without advanced educational system and well designed educational buildings. The research covers the topic of sustainable educational buildings, since it is considered the new approach for school design. It is currently extending to the Middle East Zone as well as some international school facilities in Egypt. Sustainability is a global philosophy applied to all educational systems. However, the most effective phase of the educational process lies in the secondary schools, so the research will address the secondary educational facilities. It is considered as the intermediate stage for the students after finishing the primary and preparatory schools and before they move on to the university education. The thesis is divided into four main sections; The First section covers observations to Egyptian schools, their problems and the deficiencies in the educational process in Egypt. Section two is addressee sustainable architecture, understanding sustainability and how it can be achieved in Egyptian schools. Section three is research framework to design sustainable educational buildings, the Architectural theoretical investigation to build schools to become sustainable buildings. Section four covers the case studies of some international schools and the transformation of Egyptian schools. VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS A note about the researcher…………………………………………………..……VI Acknowledgements…………...…………………………………………………...VII Abstract…………………………………………………………………………...VIII Table of Contents……………………………………………………..…………....IX List of Figures…………………………………………………………………..…XIV List of Diagrams………………………………………………….………...…..XXVII List of Tables…………………………………………………………………..XXVIII Chapter one: Introduction…………………………………………………………..1 1.1 Approach……………………………………………………………………….4 1.1.1 Importance of Secondary Education………..…………………………..4 1.1.2 Designing Learning Spaces………..………………………………...….7 1.1.3 Changing the Culture of Schooling.………………………………….....7 1.2 Research Problem……………………………………………………………...8 1.2.1 Insufficiency of Sustainable Educational Buildings in Egypt……….…9 1.2.2 Sustainable Educational Building..........................................................12 1.3 Overview to Egyptian Secondary Schools …………………………….……..12 1.3.1 Comparison between Egyptian Schools and Sustainable Schools …...13 1.4 Benchmark of Sustainability…………….……………………………………17 1.4.1 Sustainable Architecture ……………………………………………...17 1.4.2 CABE…………………………………………………….………..…..17 1.4.3 LEED…………………………………………………………………..18 1.5 Research Objective…………………………………...……………………….20 1.6 Content of Thesis ………………………………………………………….…21 1.7 Content of Chapters……………………………………………………..……23 IX Chapter Two: Sustainability in Architecture………………………..………..…28 2.1 Definition of Sustainability………………………………………...……..…..31 2.2 Sustainable Design…………………………………………………………...36 2.2.1 Main Design principles………………………………………………..38 2.3 Sustainable in Energy………………………………………………………...48 2.3.1 Renewable Energy…………………………………….………………48 2.3.1.1 Renewable energy in Egypt…………..…………………….…50 2.3.1.2 Solar Energy…………………………………..………………53 2.3.1.2a Solar Electricity Panels………………...……………..54 2.3.1.2b solar water heating……………………...…………….59 2.3.1.2c solar chimney…………………………………………60 2.3.1.3 Wind Energy…………………………………………………..63 2.3.1.4 Heat pumps……………………………………………………65 2.3.2 Heating,Ventilation&Cooling Systems Efficiency……………………66 2.3.3 A zero energy building (ZEB)…………………………………………71 2.3.3.1 First Zero Energy School Richard Ville …………...…………71 2.4 Social Sustainability in Architecture………………………………………….75 2.4.1 Case study for school with community………………………………..75 2.4.2 Case study for Social Spaces in the school……………………………76 2.4.3 Case study- It is a museum and a school………………………………79 2.5 Sustainable Materials…………………………………………………………81 2.5.1 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle……………………………………………….82 2.6 Waste management……………………………………...………………....…83 2.7 Water Management……………………………………………….…………..84 2.7.1 Rainwater management……………………………………….……….84 2.7.1.1 Case study- sidwell friend’s school…………………...………84 2.7.2 Cold Seawater Air Conditioning ………………………..………….…88 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………89 X Chapter Three: Design Criteria of Sustainable School …………………...……..91 3.1 Definition of sustainable school…….. ………………………………...….94 3.1.1 High performance school…………………………………………..….94 3.2 CABE………………………………………………………………………....95 3.2.1 The Importance of Good Design ………………...………….………...96 3.2.2 Main Goals……………………………………………………….....…97 3.2.3 The design quality indicators……………………………………….....98 3.2.4 Criteria for sustainable school design………………………………..100