DOCSLIB.ORG

The Working Class Will

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Working Class Will 25¢ No.52 ~¢~) )(·'23 13 September 1974 ew ontrolS reaten Gerald Ford and George Meany already approaching 8 percent in sever­ Nevertheless, the new president will clip since 1971. This is to be contrast­ Ford Cancels Federal al industrial states. (In particular in­ still have quite a few "bitter pills" for ed with a rate of growth of 1.8 percent dustries the rate is already at epidemic the less advantaged sectors of the pop­ in the 1950's and of 3.5 percent during Pay Increase levels. In New Jersey construction ear­ ulation to swallow. the 1960's. lier this summer unemployment was Depression and large-scale uneIll­ The reasons for such profligacy are SEPTEMBER 9-Nixon's resignation as over 30 percent.) ployment are indeed on the agenda, and clear. Important sectors of the Ameri­ U.S. President last month was the cul­ Liberals ana trade-union bureau­ it is evident that Ford will look toward can economy would be in dire straits mination of the deepest constitutional crats alike are now concerned that wage controls and cutbacks in social if the liquidity of their assets was ad­ crisis of the American bourgeoisie in Ford/Rockefeller may invoke the "old­ services in an effort to stimulate the versely affected by a real tight-money the last century. Yet it was not accom­ time religion" of tight money and sharp­ flagging economy. Here he will be sup­ policy. This would lead to a series of panied by a corresponding social/eco­ ly reduced government spending in an ported by all key sectors of the ruling bankruptcies, a situation which Amer­ nomic crisis or m:>bilization of the ican capital would go a long way to ',',":l'k:ng C h5s. i'iS can be seen in the avoid since it would greatly increase the .self-r:cngratulatory editorials in bOL!r- irr8.tionality and unpredictability of an ~evnnnedia in recent weeks, the alreadv inherently ."~~~t~e~ .. ruling class now believes it has suc­ cessfully resolved the crisis by shuf­ Ford Turns to the-" Workers fling a few top officials. The Working Class Will However, with the stock market There is only one source to which plunging daily, anarchy reigning in i!1- Ford can look for a partial solution to ternational monetary exchange, contin­ the economic problems he now faces, ued oil price hikes and primary com­ Never Pardon namely George Meany, head of the AFL­ modities s h 0 r tag e s, and inflation CIO. The President indicated his aware­ accelerating-the absent soc i a land ness of this "reality" by literally run­ economic crisis may not be long in Richard Nixon I ning from his inauguration toMr. Mea­ following. Under these circumstances ny's side. Nor is it any accident that a new government headed by an intel­ one of Ford's first acts as chief exec­ lectual neanderthal (Ford) and one of President Ford's shameless decree of a "free pardon" for Nixon is but the utive was to propose the creation of an the country's leading plutocrats (Rock­ latest dirty deal attempting to amnesty Nixon's crimes within the ruling agency to "monitor" wages and prices, efeller), neIther of them elected to their class. We say: who elected Ford and Rockefeller? We demand: new elections a proposal rapidly granted by an oblig­ offic~_ by anyone, can hardly expect and the fielding of a labor candidate pledged to a workers government-a ing Congress. solid public support. government which will make Nixon and his entire class pay for their real Although both Meany and Ford have With neither conservative nor liber­ crimes againstthe working people in this country, in Indochina and through­ issued countless denials that either al bourgeois economists having aplau­ out the world. And a step in that dil'ection, as well as a simple measure would countenance wage/price controls sible solution to the unprecedented situ­ of democratic sanitation, is to put this ruling-class jackal in jail. it is clear as day that Meany's accep­ ation of high inflation in the midst of tance of, and proposed participation on, sharp recession throughout the ad­ the new Council on Wage and Price vanced capitalist countries, Ford is Stability are a harbinger of future con­ resorting to a series of economic effort to control inflation while creat­ class. The myriad renunciations of trols under the joint aegis of capital "summit" meetings whose evident pur­ ing large-scale unemployment. In their wage/price controls are Simply prepa­ and the trade-union bureaucracy. pose is to shove responsibility for the usual manner, the Jeremiahs of the ration for a later coy submission to an The recent working-class militancy looming disaster onto other shoulders, ostensible revolutionary left, the Work­ "emergency" situation. and anger over the erosion of living hopefully the Democrats'. The possi­ ers League, have taken these fears to standards and decrease in real wages bility of a worldwide depression is their paranoid extreme: "These [defla­ Tight Money Shell Game must, of course, be given time to dis­ no longer dismissed as lunacy. tionaryJ pOlicies are designed to allow sipate. But the minute the current strike In this scenario it is the working the collapse of broad sections of indus­ Insofar as monetary tactics during wave subsides the despised controls class, as usual, which is being asked try and to create massive unemploy­ the Nixon era transcended the level of will be hurriedly reintroduced. As for to bear the brunt of the economic cri­ ment on a scale not seen in the United simple graft they revolved around the prices, Mr. Ford's "concern" was am­ sis. Real wages have fallen 10 percent States since the Great Depression of supposed hi g h -interest, tight-money ply demonstrated by his recent "jaw­ since mid-1972 and unemployment is the 1930's" (Bulletin, 23 August 1974). pOlicies of Arthur Burns, chairman of boning" which induced General Motors If Ford can choose a policy of de­ the Federal Reserve Board. NOW, the to back down from an exorbitant 9.5 pression and unemployment as the WL 5 September New York Times reports percent price hike to a mere 8.5 per­ seems to think, he or some liberal can that- at the first of several economic cent rise! also choose a policy of economic re­ "summit" meetings there was agree­ The first battleground against wage/ covery and full employment. Keynesian ment among academiC, business and price controls is likely to take place theory doesn't work either in stimulat­ government economists as to the need in the government sector. Ford's pro­ ing or depressing the economy. The for relaxing credit rates. Yet, in fact, posal to deJer scheduled pay increases laws of the world capitalist system the previous policy was anything but for 3.5 million federal employees is an overwhelm even the most capable of tight. obvious stalking horse to check out the bourgeois politiCians. An 11.5 percent interest rate on viability of reintroducing wage controls While Wohlforthite demonologists loans seems quite high if you are a immediately. If the labor movement may consider Ford to be an evil force wage-controlled worker trying to get does not react sharply to beat back guiding us toward economic disaster, a mortgage. But in a hyperinflated this attack, it will pay dearly for its Mr. Ford is hardly suited for the role. economy where profits have grown even passivity. He is responsible to a variety of sec­ faster than the rate of inflation, such Ford's effort to explore working­ toral interests in America's bourgeois a credit structure actually amounts to class resistance at this early date may society and has neither the mandate an "e as y - m 0 n e y" policy for big­ seem somewhat rash. However, in re­ nor the political power to trample on business borrowers. Moreover, the ality an "incomes policy" is the only Significant sections of the economy. money supply has grown at a 7 percent continued on page 1 1 £eften~ ____________ Except for De Mau Mau none of the their hostility toward white support. attacking the international w 0 r kin g partiCipants had even a semblance of The SL proposals concretized the per­ class in a manner specifically designed Boston Committee links with the ghetto. The campaign spective of united class struggle and the to prevent the development of solidarity was carned out in typical New Left Maoists deliberately and unanimously and co-ordination within the labour Against Police fashion: leaflets enthused "repression voted them down. movement internationally. Union mil­ breeds resistance," while a petition ex­ With comradely and Leninist greetings, itants in both AusJralia and the U.S. -Brutality must reply to this exclusion by calling horted its readers to "support the de­ A. Sweet mands of the community," i.e., the for all necessary industrial action to August 9, 1974 several dozen Concerned People. Suf­ be undertaken by workers organisations fice it to say that only myself and De to force the lifting of this ban which Boston Mau Mau went petitioning among Bos­ is such a blatant attack on democratic Dear Editor: ton's housing proj ects. rights. With the international capitalist In the article on ·Cop Terror" in WV At the meeting before the demon­ James P. Cannon class engaging in trade wars, protec­ No. 50 the black forty-year-old shop­ stration I requested equal speaking tionism and whipping up national chau­ keeper, James WildS, murdered by the time to address the rally as a sup­ August 26, 1974 vinist sentiment, the struggle for inter­ Boston police is incorrectly described porter of the SL.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6' POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1515 Public Disclosure Authorized
    Wes 6' POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1515 Public Disclosure Authorized Indonesia's labor market in Indonesia the I 990s is characterized by rising labor costs, reduced Labor Market Policies and worker productivity,and increasingindustrial unrest. Public Disclosure Authorized International Competitiveness The main problem is generous, centrally Nisha Agrawal mandated, but unenforceable worker benefits. Legislation encouraging enterprise-level collective bargaining might help reduce some of the costs associated with worker unrest. Public Disclosure Authorized Bacground paper for World Development Report 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Office of the Vice President Development Economics September 1995 POIjCY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 15 15 Summary findings Indonesia's labor market in the 1990s is characterized by would be a hefty 12 percent of the wage bill. The other rising labor costs, reduced worker productivity, and problem is that the government has greatlv limited increasing industrial unrest. The main problem is organized labor, viewing it as a threat to political and generous, centrally mandated, but unenforceable worker economic stability. benefits. Legislation encouraging enterprise-level This approach of mandating benefits centrally through collective bargaining might help reduce some of the costs legislation without empowerinig workers to enforce associated with worker unrest. compliance with the legislation (or negotiate their own Policy measures Indonesia adopted in 1986 led to a benefits packages with employers)
    [Show full text]
  • Political Power of Nuisance Law: Labor Picketing and the Courts In
    Fordham Law School FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History Faculty Scholarship 1998 Political Power of Nuisance Law: Labor Picketing and the Courts in Modern England, 1871-Present, The Rachel Vorspan Fordham University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Rachel Vorspan, Political Power of Nuisance Law: Labor Picketing and the Courts in Modern England, 1871-Present, The , 46 Buff. L. Rev. 593 (1998) Available at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/344 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BUFFALO LAW REVIEW VOLUME 46 FALL 1998 NUMBER 3 The Political Power of Nuisance Law: Labor Picketing and the Courts in Modern England, 1871-Present RACHEL VORSPANt INTRODUCTION After decades of decline, the labor movements in America and England are enjoying a resurgence. Unions in the United States are experiencing greater vitality and political visibility,' and in 1997 a Labour government took power in England for the first time in eighteen years.! This t Associate Professor of Law, Fordham University. A.B., 1967, University of California, Berkeley; M.A., 1968, Ph.D., 1975, Columbia University (English History); J.D., 1979, Harvard Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • Gray, Neil (2015) Neoliberal Urbanism and Spatial Composition in Recessionary Glasgow
    Gray, Neil (2015) Neoliberal urbanism and spatial composition in recessionary Glasgow. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6833/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Neoliberal Urbanism and Spatial Composition in Recessionary Glasgow Neil Gray MRes Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geographical and Earth Sciences College of Science and Engineering University of Glasgow November 2015 i Abstract This thesis argues that urbanisation has become increasingly central to capital accumulation strategies, and that a politics of space - commensurate with a material conjuncture increasingly subsumed by rentier capitalism - is thus necessarily required. The central research question concerns whether urbanisation represents a general tendency that might provide an immanent dialectical basis for a new spatial politics. I deploy the concept of class composition to address this question. In Italian Autonomist Marxism (AM), class composition is understood as the conceptual and material relation between ‘technical’ and ‘political’ composition: ‘technical composition’ refers to organised capitalist production, capital’s plans as it were; ‘political composition’ refers to the degree to which collective political organisation forms a basis for counter-power.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Male Political Leaders in France and Norway
    Reconsidering Politics as a Man's World: Images of Male Political Leaders in France and Norway Anne Krogstad and Aagoth Storvik Researchers have often pointed to the masculine norms that are integrated into politics. This article explores these norms by studying male images of politics and power in France and Norway from 1945 to 2009. Both dress codes and more general leadership styles are discussed. The article shows changes in political aesthetics in both countries since the Second World War. The most radical break is seen in the way Norwegian male politicians present themselves. The traditional Norwegian leadership ethos of piety, moderation, and inward orientation is still important, but it is not as self- effacing and inelegant as it used to be. However, compared to the leaders in French politics, who still live up to a heroic leadership ideal marked by effortless superiority and seduction, the Norwegian leaders look modest. To explain the differences in political self-presentation and evaluation we argue that cultural repertoires are not only national constructions but also gendered constructions. Keywords: photographs; politics; aesthetics; gender; national cultural repertoires 1 When people think of presidents and prime ministers, they usually think of the incumbents of these offices.1 In both France and Norway, these incumbents have, with the exception of Prime Minister Edith Cresson in France and Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland in Norway, been male (and white). Researchers have often pointed to the masculine norms which are integrated into the expectations of what political officeholders should look like and be. Politics, it is claimed, is still very much a man’s world.2 However, maleness does not express general political leadership in a simple and undifferentiated way.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Bargaining Provisions : Strikes and Lock-Outs, Contract
    COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROVISIONS Strikes and Lock-Outs; Contract Enforcement Bulletin No. 908-13 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Letter of Transmittal United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C., November 15,19Jk9, The Secretary of Labor: I have the honor to transmit herewith the thirteenth bulletin in the series on collective bargaining provisions. The bulletin consists of two chapters: (1) Strikes and Lockouts, and (2) Contract Enforcement, and is based on an examination of collective bargaining agreements on file in the Bureau. Both chapters were prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Industrial Relations, by and under the direction of Abraham Weiss, and by James C. Nix. Ew an Clague, Commissioner. Hon. Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary of Labor. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Preface As early as 1902 the Bureau of Labor Statistics, then the Bureau of Labor in the Department of the Interior, recognized the grow­ ing importance of collective bargaining, and published verbatim the bituminous-coal mining agreement of 1902 between the Asso­ ciations of Coal Mine Operators of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois and the respective districts of the United Mine Workers of America. Since 1912 the Bureau has made a systematic effort to collect agreements between labor and management in the lead­ ing industries and has from time to time published some of those agreements in full or in summary form in the Monthly Labor Review.
    [Show full text]
  • WORKING AGREEMENT Between and CEMENT MASONS INTERNATIONAL O. P. & C. M. I. a LOCAL UNION NO. 692 (Area 532) INDIANAPOLIS
    WORKING AGREEMENT Between _________________________________________________ And CEMENT MASONS INTERNATIONAL O. P. & C. M. I. A LOCAL UNION NO. 692 (Area 532) INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA INDEX Article I - Purpose 1 Article II - Recognition 1 Article III - Subcontracting 1 Article IV - Duration and Amendment 1,2 Article V - Scope of Agreement 2 Article VI - Craft Jurisdiction (See Appendix A) 2 Article VII - Jurisdictional Disputes 2 Article VIII - No Strike/No Lockout 3 Article IX - Union Security/Check Off 3-4 Article X - Management Rights 4,5 Article XI - Pre-Job Conference 5 Article XII - Hours and Working Conditions 5,6 - Multiple Shifts 6 - Holidays 6,7 - Overtime 7 - Reporting Time/Pay Procedure 7-8 Article XIII - Steward 8 Article XIV - General Working Conditions 8-10 Article XV - Grievance/Arbitration 10,11 Article XVI - Special Provisions 12 i Article XVII - Safety/Job Facilities/Substance Abuse Policy 12,13 Article XVIII - Non Discrimination 13,14 Article XIX - Classification 14 Article XX - Wages 14 Article XXI - Savings Clause 15 Article XXII - Construction Industry Progress Council 15 Article XXIII - Apprenticeship 15,16 Article XXIV - Health & Welfare 17,18 Article XXV - Pension 18,19 Article XXVI - All Benefits 19 Appendix "A" - Craft Jurisdiction 19-22 Union and Employer Signature Page 23 ii WORKING AGREEMENT Between ___________________________________________________ and CEMENT MASONS INTERNATIONAL O. P. & C. M. I. A. LOCAL UNION NO. 692 (Area 532) INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA THIS AGREEMENT made this 01 day of June 2008, by and between _____________________________________ designated as the "Employer" and Cement Masons International 0.P.&C.M.I.A. Local Union No. 692 (Area 532), Indianapolis, Indiana, hereinafter in this Agreement designated as the "Union." - being duly constituted, authorized and recognized bargaining representative for and on behalf of the Cement Mason employees of the Employer.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Tito-Stalin Split to Yugoslavia's Finnish Connection: Neutralism Before Non-Alignment, 1948-1958
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE TITO-STALIN SPLIT TO YUGOSLAVIA'S FINNISH CONNECTION: NEUTRALISM BEFORE NON-ALIGNMENT, 1948-1958. Rinna Elina Kullaa, Doctor of Philosophy 2008 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe Department of History After the Second World War the European continent stood divided between two clearly defined and competing systems of government, economic and social progress. Historians have repeatedly analyzed the formation of the Soviet bloc in the east, the subsequent superpower confrontation, and the resulting rise of Euro-Atlantic interconnection in the west. This dissertation provides a new view of how two borderlands steered clear of absorption into the Soviet bloc. It addresses the foreign relations of Yugoslavia and Finland with the Soviet Union and with each other between 1948 and 1958. Narrated here are their separate yet comparable and, to some extent, coordinated contests with the Soviet Union. Ending the presumed partnership with the Soviet Union, the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 launched Yugoslavia on a search for an alternative foreign policy, one that previously began before the split and helped to provoke it. After the split that search turned to avoiding violent conflict with the Soviet Union while creating alternative international partnerships to help the Communist state to survive in difficult postwar conditions. Finnish-Soviet relations between 1944 and 1948 showed the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry that in order to avoid invasion, it would have to demonstrate a commitment to minimizing security risks to the Soviet Union along its European political border and to not interfering in the Soviet domination of domestic politics elsewhere in Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Painful Pasts and Useful Memories
    Painful Pasts and Useful Memories Remembering and Forgetting in Europe and Forgetting Remembering Memories and Useful Pasts Painful CFE Conference Papers Series No. 5 | Lund 2012 Painful Pasts and useful MeMories Painful Pasts and useful MeMories reMeMbering and forgetting in euroPe reMeMbering and forgetting in euroPe In order to bring research in Memory Studies conducted in the Nordic countries together, to connect existing knowledge and to promote cooperation, a group of scholars from the universities of Lund, Karlstad, Stavanger, Copenhagen, Helsinki and Tartu in 2009 initiated the Nordic Network in Memory Studies. That year the network was awarded financial support from NordForsk for three years, and a network project was launched with the title ’Towards a Common Past? Conflicting Memories and Competitive Historical Narratives in Europe after 1989.’ The network presently includes about 45 researchers (both senior and PhD candidates). This book includes a selection of papers given by members of the NordForsk network during two workshop meetings in 2009 and 2010. Its aim is to demonstrate the variety of subjects and empirical cases that our network members deal with, as well as the range of disciplines they represent. The contributions to the volume are united by the authors’ keen research interest in the functions and dynamics of cultural memory. Lund 2012 Lund Edited by: Barbara Törnquist-Plewa & LUND UNIVERSITY Niklas Bernsand ISSN 1654-2185 CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES AT LUND UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES PRINT BY MEDIA-TRYCK, LUND 2012 AT LUND UNIVERSITY Painful Pasts and useful MeMories reMeMbering and forgetting in euroPe Painful Pasts and useful MeMories reMeMbering and forgetting in euroPe Edited by: Barbara Törnquist-Plewa & Niklas Bernsand CFE Conference Papers Series No.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberalist Ideology in a Norwegian Cold War Business Paper
    Media and Communication (ISSN: 2183–2439) 2018, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 52–61 DOI: 10.17645/mac.v6i1.1189 Article “Approaching an Abyss”: Liberalist Ideology in a Norwegian Cold War Business Paper Birgitte Kjos Fonn Department of Journalism and Media Studies, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway; E-Mail: [email protected] Submitted: 29 September 2017 | Accepted: 24 November 2017 | Published: 9 February 2018 Abstract The international business press has been a powerful and influential voice in modern societies and, as its formative years took place during the Cold War, a closer look at the ideologies that were promoted in this part of the press is of interest. Until the 1970s, Farmand was the only Norwegian business magazine of any size and standing. Trygve J. B. Hoff, Farmand’s editor from 1935, was part of the Mont Pèlerin Society (MPS), a neoliberal intellectual collective established in 1947 with participants such as Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig von Mises. This article is a study of the ideas that Hoff promoted, partic- ularly in Farmand, from the 1940s to the 1970s. Keywords business press; Cold War; democracy; liberalism; media; media history; Mont Pèlerin Society; Norway Issue This article is part of the issue “Media History and Democracy”, edited by David W. Park (Lake Forest College, USA). © 2018 by the author; licensee Cogitatio (Lisbon, Portugal). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- tion 4.0 International License (CC BY). 1. Introduction until the 1970s, was Farmand. This magazine, first es- tablished in 1891, is an interesting case because it was During the Cold War, throughout the Western world an early proponent of neoliberalism in the media dur- business media extended its readership and increased ing the post-war era—a time when neoliberal thought its influence over the production of public knowledge, was still rather marginal.
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Relations Code
    Province of Alberta LABOUR RELATIONS CODE Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000 Chapter L-1 Current as of February 10, 2021 Office Consolidation © Published by Alberta Queen’s Printer Alberta Queen’s Printer Suite 700, Park Plaza 10611 - 98 Avenue Edmonton, AB T5K 2P7 Phone: 780-427-4952 Fax: 780-452-0668 E-mail: [email protected] Shop on-line at www.qp.alberta.ca Copyright and Permission Statement Alberta Queen's Printer holds copyright on behalf of the Government of Alberta in right of Her Majesty the Queen for all Government of Alberta legislation. Alberta Queen's Printer permits any person to reproduce Alberta’s statutes and regulations without seeking permission and without charge, provided due diligence is exercised to ensure the accuracy of the materials produced, and Crown copyright is acknowledged in the following format: © Alberta Queen's Printer, 20__.* *The year of first publication of the legal materials is to be completed. Note All persons making use of this consolidation are reminded that it has no legislative sanction, that amendments have been embodied for convenience of reference only. The official Statutes and Regulations should be consulted for all purposes of interpreting and applying the law. Amendments Not in Force This consolidation incorporates only those amendments in force on the consolidation date shown on the cover. It does not include the following amendments: 2018 c21 s6 amends ss73(a.1), 74(a.1), 95.2(1), 96(1), adds s209. 2020 c28 s11 amends s26, adds s24.1 and 26.1, amends ss27, 28, 29(2), 149 and 151.
    [Show full text]
  • Norsk-Jugoslaviske Forhold 1965-86
    Norsk-jugoslaviske forhold 1965-86 Utvikling og stagnasjon Lasse Hermansen Bjørnland Masteroppgave ved Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Vårsemesteret 2015 II Norsk-jugoslaviske forhold 1965-86: Stagnasjon og utvikling © Lasse Hermansen Bjørnland 2014/15 Norsk-jugoslaviske forhold 1965-86: Utvikling og stagnasjon Lasse Hermansen Bjørnland http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo III Forord Først og fremst vil jeg takke min veileder, Knut Einar Eriksen. Din kunnskap og hjelpsomhet har vært enestående. Du har lagt mye arbeid i denne oppgaven og har fungert som en motivator. Jeg har blitt tatt veldig godt vare på og for det er jeg takknemlig. Også Petter Gunerius Haug skal takkes. Haugs grundige kildeinnsamlingsarbeid gav meg et godt utgangspunkt og sparte meg for ekstra arbeid. Han har også lånt meg sekundærkilder og bidratt med innspill i oppstartsfasen av oppgaven. En spesiell takk går også til Kjell Eliassen, Thorvald Stoltenberg og Svein Mønnesland som stilte opp til intervju. Dette har beriket oppgaven på en måte skriftlige kilder ikke kunne gjort. Jeg er svært takknemlig for at dere delte av deres erfaringer. Sverre Dæhlen, fra Utenriksdepartementets arkiv, har funnet fram mange interessante mapper til meg. De ansatte ved Arbeiderbevegelsens arkiv og bibliotek har vært spesielt hjelpsomme. Også de ansatte ved Riksarkivet har vært behjelpelige. Takk for alle gangene dere har hjulpet meg å finne fram. Jeg vil også takke instituttet som sponset en minneverdig tur til Beograd og Zagreb. Turen gav meg et godt inntrykk av det området jeg har skrevet om og bidro til oppgaven. Tilslutt vil jeg takke familien og min kjæreste Sofie for korrekturlesning og innspill.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Co-Operatives and the Transformation of Modern Food Retailing a Comparative Study of the Norwegian and British Consumer Co-Operatives, 1950-2002
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Consumer co-operatives and the transformation of modern food retailing A comparative study of the Norwegian and British Consumer Co-operatives, 1950-2002 Espen Ekberg Dissertation submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) February 2008 Forum for Contemporary History Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo © Espen Ekberg, 2008 Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Humanities,University of Oslo No. 364 ISSN 0806-3222 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Cover: Inger Sandved Anfinsen. Printed in Norway: AiT e-dit AS, Oslo, 2008. Produced in co-operation with Unipub AS. The thesis is produced by Unipub AS merely in connection with the thesis defence. Kindly direct all inquiries regarding the thesis to the copyright holder or the unit which grants the doctorate. Unipub AS is owned by The University Foundation for Student Life (SiO) Preface In the late autumn of 2002 I was asked to undertake a short inquiry into a failed attempt made by the National Co-operative Association (NKL) to expand into the furniture business. The failure had led to substantial losses for the NKL and the NKL Board of Representatives had asked for an independent investigation into the chain of events leading up to the failure, as well as its economic consequences. At that time I was working at the Institute for Social Research and together with a colleague I finished the report in March 2003.
    [Show full text]