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2. Psicopatología En La Vida Y Obra De Juan Ramón Jiménez

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2. Psicopatología En La Vida Y Obra De Juan Ramón Jiménez UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA ESCUELA INTERNACIONAL DE DOCTORADO Psicopatología y E�spiritualidad en la V�ida y �Obra de Juan Ramón Jiménez D. Javier Andrés García Castro 2017 A D. Gustavo Castro Lorenzo, por su inestimable ejemplo. A mis padres, por hacerlo posible. Y a la inmensa minoría, por supuesto. AGRADECIMIENTOS En estas breves líneas quisiera mostrar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que han contribuido con su apoyo y consejos a la elaboración de esta tesis doctoral. A Carmen Hernández-Pinzón Moreno, sobrina y representante de los herederos de la familia Zenobia-Juan Ramón Jiménez, por su generosidad y encomiable labor en la conservación y difusión de la obra de su tío. A Rocío Bejarano, de la fundación Zenobia-Juan Ramón Jiménez, por su eficaz disposición. A la profesora Aura Díaz, de la Universidad de Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, por los materiales tan gentilmente suministrados. A Marcial Prieto y Marta M. Lázaro por el buen trabajo que desempeñan en la Biblioteca Pública de Segovia. A Carmen, María Jesús y Silvia, bibliotecarias del Centro Universitario Villanueva, por su diligencia y amabilidad. A Salvador Ros y a los miembros del Obispado de Segovia que me abrieron las puertas de sus instituciones y pusieron a mi disposición gran cantidad de provechosos recursos. A la profesora Celia Silva, por sus sabias y oportunas correcciones estilísticas y ortográficas. Al doctor Álvarez, por sus imprescindibles orientaciones. Y a Iria, por todo. A todos ellos y muchos otros que han colaborado indirectamente en la elaboración de esta tesis doctoral, gracias. ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................... 11 1. Definición del problema ................................................................................... 11 2. Justificación ..................................................................................................... 12 3. Estructura y metodología de la tesis ................................................................. 14 4. Objetivos e hipótesis ........................................................................................ 23 CAPÍTULO 1. ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN ......................................... 25 1. Espiritualidad y mística en la vida y obra de Juan Ramón Jiménez ................. 25 2. Psicopatología en la vida y obra de Juan Ramón Jiménez ............................... 39 CAPÍTULO 2. ESPIRITUALIDAD .......................................................... 51 1. Concepto de mística ......................................................................................... 52 2. Historia de la mística ........................................................................................ 58 3. La experiencia mística ...................................................................................... 74 4. El proceso de evolución espiritual .................................................................... 87 4.1. Despertar del yo ........................................................................................ 93 4.2. Purificación sensitiva ................................................................................ 98 4.3. Iluminación del yo .................................................................................. 103 4.4. Purificación intelectual ........................................................................... 109 4.5. Vida unitiva............................................................................................. 117 5. Teorías explicativas de la experiencia mística ............................................... 124 5.1. Teorías sobrenaturales ............................................................................ 124 5.2. Teorías psicológicas ................................................................................ 125 5.3. Teorías biológicas ................................................................................... 132 CAPÍTULO 3. PSICOPATOLOGÍA ...................................................... 139 1. Concepto de depresión ................................................................................... 139 2. Historia de la depresión .................................................................................. 144 3. Concepto de endogeneidad ............................................................................. 157 4. Clínica de la depresión ................................................................................... 161 4.1. Ánimo triste ............................................................................................ 161 4.2. Anhedonia ............................................................................................... 163 4.3. Síntomas físicos ...................................................................................... 164 4.4. Inhibición psicomotriz ............................................................................ 169 4.5. Pensamientos de culpa, minusvaloración y desesperanza ....................... 172 4.6. Alteraciones cognitivas ........................................................................... 174 4.7. Ideas de suicidio ...................................................................................... 176 5. Curso y pronóstico de la depresión ................................................................ 176 6. Tratamiento de la depresión melancólica ....................................................... 180 7. Etiología: causas y origen de la depresión ..................................................... 181 7.1. Causas biológicas .................................................................................... 182 7.2. Teorías psicodinámicas ........................................................................... 184 7.3. Teorías conductuales ............................................................................... 188 7.4. Teorías cognitivas ................................................................................... 189 7.5. La personalidad premórbida ................................................................... 190 7.5.1. Melancolía y personalidad obsesiva ................................................ 193 7.5.2. Melancolía y genialidad................................................................... 202 7.5.3. Melancolía y espiritualidad ............................................................. 208 7.6. Factores precipitantes de la depresión mayor ......................................... 213 CAPÍTULO 4. ESPIRITUALIDAD EN LA VIDA Y OBRA DE JUAN RAMÓN JIMÉNEZ .................................................................................. 217 1. El proceso de evolución espiritual en Juan Ramón Jiménez .......................... 224 1.1 Despertar del yo y purificación sensitiva ................................................. 228 1.2. Iluminación y purificación intelectual .................................................... 238 1.3. Vida unitiva............................................................................................. 271 1.4. La evolución poético-mística de Juan Ramón Jiménez .......................... 288 2. La experiencia mística en Juan Ramón Jiménez ............................................ 291 2.1. Inefabilidad ............................................................................................. 295 2.2. Cualidad de conocimiento ....................................................................... 305 2.3. Transitoriedad ......................................................................................... 308 2.4. Pasividad ................................................................................................. 309 2.5. Otros rasgos de la experiencia mística en Juan Ramón Jiménez ............. 312 CAPÍTULO 5. DEPRESIÓN EN LA VIDA Y OBRA DE JUAN RAMÓN JIMÉNEZ .................................................................................. 317 1. Cronología de episodios e ingresos ................................................................ 322 1.1. Primera crisis nerviosa: Sevilla, verano de 1898 .................................... 323 1.2. Segunda crisis nerviosa: Moguer, mayo de 1900 .................................... 324 1.3. Primer episodio depresivo: Moguer, 3 de julio de 1900 ......................... 324 1.4. Prosigue el primer episodio depresivo: Burdeos, mayo de 1901 ............ 328 1.5. Prosigue el primer episodio depresivo: Madrid, octubre de 1901 ........... 330 1.6. Segundo episodio depresivo: Moguer, verano de 1904 .......................... 331 1.7. Crisis nerviosas recurrentes y síntomas somáticos: Madrid, 1916-1936 335 1.8. Tercer episodio depresivo: Florida, EEUU, 1940 ................................... 339 1.9. Cuarto episodio depresivo: EEUU y Puerto Rico, 1950-1952 ................ 343 1.10. Quinto episodio depresivo: Puerto Rico, 1954-1955 ............................ 345 1.11. Sexto episodio depresivo: Puerto Rico, 1957-1958 .............................. 347 2. Clínica de la depresión melancólica en Juan Ramón Jiménez ....................... 348 2.1. Ánimo triste ............................................................................................ 349 2.2. Anhedonia ............................................................................................... 355 2.3. Anergia o fatiga ...................................................................................... 358 2.4. Insomnio y pérdida de peso .................................................................... 360 2.5. Inhibición psicomotriz ...........................................................................
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