Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Traditionally Used Mistletoes in Nepal
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Summary Loranthus Europaeus Is an Important Medicinal Plant, Which Contains a Lot of Bioactive Compounds
Summary Loranthus europaeus is an important medicinal plant, which contains a lot of bioactive compounds. The dried plant fruits were extracted in 80% methanol by maceration. Chemical detection of crud plant extracts was performed. The total flavonoids were isolated, subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) using different mobile systems. The purified material was augmented by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Inflammation was induced in experimental animals (rabbits) by subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was evaluated in healing skin wounds in comparison with the synthetic pharmaceutical medication Piroxicalm Gel. Simple preparation was applied by mixing the crude compound with Vaseline and Glycerin. After healing of the wound, histopathological study was necessary to support the results. Results indicated that, L. europaeus fruits were rich with flavonoids of the total flavonoids were estimated, the major components were rutin and lueteolin and trace of quareciten and kaempferol. The healing of the skin was clear by disappearance of odema and reduction in scar size, enhancement of fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, keratinization and epithelialization as compared with the control groups. L. europaeus extracts could be considered as one of the promising plants for the treated of skin wound. Flavonoids of the plant have the ability of suppression of acute inflammation induced by chemical substance and seemed to be the most active component for healing the wound. Chapter One Introduction and Literature Review 1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction Chemical components of the plant medicinal are the most important for pharmaceutical companies. People are interested in medicines prepared from plants due to their little side effects, cheap and almost available compared with synthetic drugs. -
Loranthaceae1
Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann LORANTHACEAE1 P.J. Lang2 & B.A. Barlow3 Aerial hemi-parasitic shrubs on branches of woody plants attached by haustoria; leaves mostly opposite, entire. Inflorescence terminal or lateral; flowers bisexual; calyx reduced to an entire, lobed or toothed limb at the apex of the ovary, without vascular bundles; corolla free or fused, regular or slightly zygomorphic, 4–6-merous, valvate; stamens as many as and opposite the petals, epipetalous, anthers 2- or 4-locular, mostly basifixed, immobile, introrse and continuous with the filament but sometimes dorsifixed and then usually versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen trilobate; ovary inferior, without differentiated locules or ovules. Fruit berry-like; seed single, surrounded by a copious viscous layer. Mistletoes. 73 genera and around 950 species widely distributed in the tropics and south temperate regions with a few species in temperate Asia and Europe. Australia has 12 genera (6 endemic) and 75 species. Reference: Barlow (1966, 1984, 1996), Nickrent et al. (2010), Watson (2011). 1. Petals free 2. Anthers basifixed, immobile, introrse; inflorescence axillary 3. Inflorescence not subtended by enlarged bracts more than 20 mm long ....................................... 1. Amyema 3: Inflorescence subtended by enlarged bracts more than 20 mm long which enclose the buds prior to anthesis ......................................................................................................................... 2. Diplatia 2: Anthers dorsifixed, versatile; inflorescence terminal ........................................................................... 4. Muellerina 1: Petals united into a curved tube, more deeply divided on the concave side ................................................ 3. Lysiana 1. AMYEMA Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 499 (1894). (Greek a-, negative; myeo, I instruct, initiate; referring to the genus being not previously recognised; cf. -
In Vitro Tissue Culture, Preliminar Phytochemical Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of Psittacanthus Linearis (Killip) J.K
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN In vitro tissue culture, preliminar phytochemical analysis, and antibacterial activity of Psittacanthus linearis (Killip) J.K. Macbride (Loranthaceae) Cultivo de tejidos in vitro, análisis fitoquímico preliminar y actividad antibacteriana de Psittacanthus linearis (Killip) J.K. Macbride (Loranthaceae) DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v21n2.83410 ABSTRACT Hemiparasitic plants commonly known as mistletoe (muérdago in Spanish) in the families Santalaceae and Loranthaceae are com- mon in various kinds of plants or trees, and many hemiparasitic plants are used for medicinal purposes in various parts of the world. The objective of the present work, carried out in Psittacanthus linearis (suelda con suelda), a representative species in the seasonally dry forest (SDF) from the north of Perú, was to study aspects of in vitro tissue culture, carry out preliminary phytochemical analysis, and assess antibacterial activity. Seeds of individuals of P. linearis, which used Prosopis pallida (algarrobo) as host plant, were collect- ed and used to induce in vitro seed germination, clonal propagation, callus induction and organogenesis. Stems, leaves and fruits of individuals of P. linearis were dried, powdered, and subjected to ethanol extraction. Posteriorly the extract was first recovered with ethanol and the remnant with chloroform, which formed the ethanolic and chloroformic fraction. A preliminary phytochemical screening was performed and preliminary antibacterial studies with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeru- ginosa were carried out and their results are discussed. This is the first report about in vitro tissue culture, phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of P. linearis. The results may have important implications for understanding physiological and biochemical interactions between host and hemiparasitic species as well as P. -
Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. -
The Genus Macrosolen (Loranthaceae) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with a New Record for India
Rheedea Vol. 23(2) 108-112 2013 The genus Macrosolen (Loranthaceae) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with a new record for India Lal Ji Singh Botanical Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair – 744 102 Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Email: [email protected] Abstract The genus Macrosolen Blume (Loranthaceae) is revised for Andaman and Nicobar Islands. M. melintangensis (Korth.) Miq. is reported for the first time from Bay Islands as a new record for India. With this, 5 species of this genus are found in these Islands. A key for the identification of species is also provided. Keywords: India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Loranthaceae, Macrosolen, New record Introduction While studying the flora of Andaman and Nicobar 1. Nerves on leaves obscure; racemes axillary/ Islands, the author collected an interesting lateral; fruits globose ............................................ 2 specimen of Loranthaceae from South Andaman. On critical examination, it is identified as 2. Pedicel 1–2 mm long ................... 4. M. globosus Macrosolen melintangensis (Korth.) Miq., a species 2. Pedicel c. 5 mm long ........................................… 3 so far reported only from Thailand, Indo-china, 3. Corolla in mature bud < 20 mm long ................... Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes and the .....................................…... 3. M. cochinchinensis Philippines (Barlow, 1995). Hence, the present report forms a new distributional record for India. 3. Corolla in mature bud > 20 mm long…........…. 4 4. Leaves cuneate/ truncate at base; corolla 20–30 The genus Macrosolen, with about 30 species in mm long …......................... 5. M. melintangensis the world, is distributed in India, Southern Asia, Malaysia, Thailand, China to New Guinea (Barlow, 4. Leaves acute at base; corolla 10–14 mm long …. -
Macrosolen Bidoupensis Loranthaceae a New Species from Bidoup Nui Ba
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 80: 113–120 (2017)Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species... 113 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.13338 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, southern Vietnam Shuichiro Tagane1, Van Son Dang2, Nguyen Van Ngoc1,3, Hoang Thi Binh1,3, Natsuki Komada4, Jarearnsak Sae Wai5,6, Akiyo Naiki7, Hidetoshi Nagamasu8, Hironori Toyama1, Tetsukazu Yahara1 1 Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan 2 The VNM Herbarium, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vast, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3 Department of Biology, Dalat University, 01 – Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Dalat, Vietnam 4 Laboratory of Forest Resources and Society, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa- oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan 5 Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand6 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 7 Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa, 907-1541, Japan 8 The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Corresponding author: Shuichiro Tagane ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Nickrent | Received 21 April 2017 | Accepted 15 May 2017 | Published 5 June 2017 Citation: Tagane S, Dang VS, Ngoc NV, Binh HT, Komada N, Wai JS, Naiki A, Nagamasu H, Toyama H, Yahara T (2017) Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, southern Vietnam. PhytoKeys 80: 113–120. -
Seasonal Variation Imparts the Endophytic Bacterial Community Dynamics in Mango Plants and Its Hemiparasites
Seasonal Variation Imparts The Endophytic Bacterial Community Dynamics in Mango Plants and Its Hemiparasites Rajsekhar Adhikary University of Gour Banga Sukhendu Mandal University of Calcutta Faculty Council for Post-Graduate Studies in Science Vivekananda Mandal ( [email protected] ) University of Gour Banga https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-8069 Research Article Keywords: Bacterial ecology, Endophytic bacteria, Mango host, Microbial community dynamics, Seasonal variation Posted Date: July 26th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-641910/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract Assessment of bacterial community dynamics helps to estimate the endophytic community structure and ecological behaviour imposed by them. Such community composition is essential to understand the molecular interplay that lies between them and the host plants. The present study aims to explore the endophytic bacterial communities and their dynamics in the pre-owering and post-owering seasons in the horticulturally important Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and its hemiparasites Loranthus sp., and Macrosolen sp. through a metagenomic approach using the sequence of V3 region of 16S rRNA gene. Bacillus was found to be the most abundant genera, followed by Acinetobacter, and Corynebacterium, which belong to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. It has been found that during the post-owering season, twigs and leaves of mango have lower endophytic bacterial loads. Furthermore, the alpha-diversity indices of the representative genera were highest in Loranthus sp. during the post-owering seasons of mango. The ecological, taxonomic, and complex correlation studies unravelled that the hemiparasites act as the potent reservoirs of endophytic community throughout the year, and during favourable conditions, these bacterial communities disseminate to the mango plant. -
The Mistletoes a Literature Review
THE MISTLETOES A LITERATURE REVIEW Technical Bulletin No. 1242 June 1961 U.S. DEi>ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE THE MISTLETOES A LITERATURE REVIEW by Lake S. Gill and Frank G. Hawksworth Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Forest Service Growth Through Agricultural Progress Technical Bulletin No. 1242 June 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D.C For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price 35 cents Preface striking advances have been made in recent years in the field of plant pathology, but most of these investigations have dealt with diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. In contrast, progress toward an understanding of diseases caused by phanerogamic parasites has been relatively slow. Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) and broom rape {Orohanche spp.) are well-known parasites of agri- cultural crops and are serious pests in certain localities. The recent introduction of witchweed (Striga sp.) a potentially serious pest for corn-growing areas, into the United States (Gariss and Wells 1956) emphasizes the need for more knowledge of phanerogamic parasites. The mistletoes, because of their unusual growth habits, have been the object of curiosity for thousands of years. Not until the present century, however, has their role as damaging pests to forest, park, orchard, and ornamental trees become apparent. The mistletoes are most abundant in tropical areas, but they are also widely distributed in the temperate zone. The peak of destructive- ness of this family seems to be reached in western North America where several species of the highly parasitic dwarfmistletoes (Arceuthobium spp,) occur. -
Mistletoes of North American Conifers
United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ. -
Macrosolen Bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a New Species
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 80: 113–120 (2017)Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species... 113 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.80.13338 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, southern Vietnam Shuichiro Tagane1, Van Son Dang2, Nguyen Van Ngoc1,3, Hoang Thi Binh1,3, Natsuki Komada4, Jarearnsak Sae Wai5,6, Akiyo Naiki7, Hidetoshi Nagamasu8, Hironori Toyama1, Tetsukazu Yahara1 1 Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan 2 The VNM Herbarium, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vast, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3 Department of Biology, Dalat University, 01 – Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Dalat, Vietnam 4 Laboratory of Forest Resources and Society, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa- oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan 5 Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand6 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 7 Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 870 Uehara, Taketomi-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa, 907-1541, Japan 8 The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Corresponding author: Shuichiro Tagane ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Nickrent | Received 21 April 2017 | Accepted 15 May 2017 | Published 5 June 2017 Citation: Tagane S, Dang VS, Ngoc NV, Binh HT, Komada N, Wai JS, Naiki A, Nagamasu H, Toyama H, Yahara T (2017) Macrosolen bidoupensis (Loranthaceae), a new species from Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, southern Vietnam. PhytoKeys 80: 113–120. -
Analysis of Phytochemicals and Evaluation of Phenolic Contents And
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(2): 119-124 ISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2016; 4(2): 119-124 Analysis of phytochemicals and evaluation of © 2016 JMPS Received: 20-01-2016 phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Accepted: 22-02-2016 Macrosolen parasiticus L. (Dans.) leaves GK Puneetha Department of Studies in GK Puneetha, SR Mythrashree, MC Thriveni, M Murali, SC Jayaramu, Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 KN Amruthesh 006, Karnataka, India. Abstract SR Mythrashree The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol leaves extracts of Macrosolen parasiticus Department of Studies in (Loranthaceae), a parasitic shrub growing on Mangifera indica were investigated for their phytochemical Botany, University of Mysore, constituents, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of petroleum Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India. ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds, sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, MC Thriveni carbohydrates, fixed oils and fats. Total phenolic content of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate Department of Studies in and methanol leaves extracts of the plant were 18, 22, 32 and 37 µg of gallic acid equivalent in 100 µg of Botany, University of Mysore, plant extract respectively. All the extracts showed promising antioxidant activity. Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India. Keywords: Macrosolen parasiticus, phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity. M Murali Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Introduction Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 India is known as the botanical garden of the world as it is the lead producer of medicinal 006, Karnataka, India. plants [1]. It has 17,000 flowering plants, as a result India takes twelfth place in the mega- diversity countries in the world and has two hotspots- Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats SC Jayaramu [2] Department of Zoology . -
Inflorescence Evolution in Santalales: Integrating Morphological Characters and Molecular Phylogenetics
Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: Integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics Daniel L. Nickrent,1,4 Frank Anderson2, and Job Kuijt3 Manuscript received 21 June 2018; revision accepted 17 PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The sandalwood order (Santalales) December 2018 includes members that present a diverse array of inflorescence types, some of which are unique among angiosperms. This 1 Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, diversity presents a interpretational challenges but also Carbondale, IL 62901-6509 USA opportunities to test fundamental concepts in plant morphology. Here we use modern phylogenetic approaches to address the 2 Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, evolution of inflorescences in the sandalwood order. IL 62901-6509 USA METHODS: Phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear and three 3 649 Lost Lake Road, Victoria, BC V9B 6E3, Canada chloroplast genes was conducted on representatives of 146 of the 163 genera in the order. A matrix was constructed that scored 4Author for correspondence: (e-mail: [email protected]) nine characters dealing with inflorescences. One character “trios” that encompasses any grouping of three flowers (i.e. both dichasia Citation: Nickrent D.L., Anderson F., Kuijt J. 2019. Inflorescence and triads) was optimized on samples of the posterior distribution evolution in Santalales: Integrating morphological characters and of trees from the Bayesian analysis using BayesTraits. Three nodes molecular phylogenetics. American Journal of Botany 106:402- were examined: the most recent common ancestors of A) all 414. ingroup members, B) Loranthaceae, and C) Opiliaceae, Santalaceae s. lat. and Viscaceae. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1250 KEY RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis resulted in many fully [note: page numbering is not the same as in the published paper] resolved nodes across Santalales with strong support for 18 clades previously named as families.