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Pale Blue Dot Carl Sagan Pdf Pale blue dot carl sagan pdf Continue This article is about photography. For other purposes, see Pale Blue Dot (disambigation). Photo Planet Earth Voyager 1 of about 6 billion kilometers visible from about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles), the Earth appears as a tiny dot in deep space: a bluish-white speck almost halfway to the brown stripe on the right. Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of planet Earth taken on February 14, 1990 by the Voyager 1 space probe from a record distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles, 40.5 AU) as part of a series of images of the solar system that day. In the photo, the visible size of the Earth is smaller than the pixel; The planet looks like a tiny dot against the backdrop of the expanses of space, among the bands of sunlight reflected by the camera. Voyager 1, which completed its main mission and left the solar system, was ordered by NASA to deploy the camera and take the last photograph of Earth in space at the request of astronomer and author Carl Sagan. The phrase Pale Blue Dot was coined by Sagan himself in his reflections on the meaning of photography documented in his 1994 book of the same name. In September 1977, NASA launched the 722-kilogram Voyager 1 robotic spacecraft (1,592 pounds) with a mission to study the space solar system and, eventually, interstellar space. After meeting with the Jovian system in 1979 and Saturn's system in 1980, the main mission was announced to have been completed in November of that year. Voyager 1 was the first space probe to provide detailed images of the two largest planets and their major moons. The Voyager-1 spacecraft, which is still moving at 64,000 km/h (40,000 mph), is the most distant object made by humans from Earth and the first to leave the solar system. Its mission has been expanded and continues to this day, with the aim of studying the boundaries of the solar system, including the Kuiper Belt, the heliosphere and interstellar space. Working for 43 years, 1 month and 6 days today (October 11, 2020), he receives regular commands and transfers the data back to the Deep Space Network. Voyager 1 was expected to operate only through a meeting with Saturn. When the spacecraft passed the planet in 1980, Sagan proposed the idea of a space probe with the last picture of the Earth. He acknowledged that such a picture would not have much scientific value, since the Earth seemed too small for Voyager cameras to see any details, but it would be significant as a perspective on humanity's place in the universe. While many in NASA's Voyager program supported the idea, there were fears that shooting Earth so close to the Sun risked damaging the spacecraft's visualization system irreparably. It was not until 1989 that Sagan's idea was put into practice, but The calibration of the devices further delayed the operation, and the personnel who developed and handed over the radiococo command to Voyager 1 were also dismissed or transferred to other projects. Finally, NASA Administrator Richard Truly stepped in to make sure the photo was taken. The proposal to continue photographing the Earth as it orbited the Sun was rejected. The Voyager 1's Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) camera consists of two cameras: a 200 mm focal length, a low-resolution wide-angle camera (WA) used for spatially enhanced imaging, and a 1,500 mm high-resolution narrow-angle camera (NA) - which took the Pale Blue Dot - designed for detailed depiction of specific targets. Both cameras have a type of slow-scanning vidicon tube and have been equipped with eight color filters mounted on the filter wheel placed in front of the tube. The problem was that as the mission progressed, the objects that would be photographed would go further and appear weaker, requiring longer exposures and slewing (panning) cameras to achieve acceptable quality. Telecommunication capabilities have also been reduced at bay, limiting the number of data transmission modes that can be used by the visualization system. After shooting a series of Family Portrait images that included Pale Blue Dot, NASA mission managers ordered Voyager 1 to howly its cameras because the spacecraft was not going to fly near anything else that mattered to the rest of its mission, while other instruments that were still collecting data needed power for a long journey into interstellar space. Photo The design of the command sequence to be transmitted to the spacecraft, and calculations of the exposure time of each photo were developed by space scientists Candy Hansen of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Carolyn Porco of the University of Arizona. The command sequence was then compiled and sent to Voyager 1, and the images were taken at 04:48 GMT on 14 February 1990. The data from the camera was originally stored on the on-board tape recorder. Transmission to Earth has also been delayed because the missions of Magellan and Galileo have given priority to the use of the Deep Space Network. Then, between March and May 1990, Voyager 1 returned to Earth for 60 frames, with the radio signal moving at a speed of light for almost five and a half hours to cover the distance. The three images showed the Earth as a tiny point of light in an empty space. Each frame was taken using different color filters: blue, green and purple, with exposure times of 0.72, 0.48 and 0.72 seconds respectively. Three frames were then recombined to create an image that became a pale blue dot. Wide-angle The sun and the inner planets (not visible), with the pale blue dot superimposed on the left, Venus to the right of 640,000 people Which make up each frame, the Earth takes less than one (0.12 pixels, according to NASA). The light bands in the photograph are an artifact, the result of sunlight reflecting off parts of the camera and its solar view, due to the relative proximity between the Sun and Earth. Voyager's viewpoint was approximately 32 degrees above the ecliptic. Detailed analysis showed that the camera also detected the moon, although it was too weak to be visible without special processing. (quote needed) The Pale Blue Dot, which was made with a narrow-angle camera, was also published as part of a composite image created with a wide-angle camera image showing the Sun and the area of space containing Earth and Venus. The wide-angle image was pasted with two narrow-angle images: a pale blue dot and a similar photograph of Venus. The wide-angle photo was taken with the darkest filter (methane absorption band) and the shortest impact (5 milliseconds) to avoid saturation of the camera's vidicon tube with scattered sunlight. Despite this, the result is a bright burnt image with multiple reflections from the optics in the camera and the Sun, which seems much more than the actual measurement of the solar disk. The rays around the Sun are a diffraction pattern of a calibration lamp, which is mounted in front of a wide-angle lens. The pale blue color of the Earth appears as a blue dot in the photo primarily due to the scattering of Rayleigh's sunlight in its atmosphere. In earth's air, short-wave visible light such as blue light dissipates more than the greater wavelength of light, such as red light, which is the reason why the sky seems blue from Earth. (Ocean also contributes to the Earth's pigeon atmosphere, but to a lesser extent than scattering. 20) The Earth is a pale blue dot, not a dark blue, because white light reflected by clouds is combined with scattered blue light. The spectrum of reflection of the Earth from ultraviolet to near-infrared is not similar to any other observed planet and is partly due to the presence of life on Earth. The Rayleigh scattering, which causes the Earth's blueness, is amplified in the atmosphere, which does not significantly absorb visible light, unlike, for example, titanium orange-brown, where organic haze particles are strongly absorbed at blue visible wavelengths. The earth's abundant atmospheric oxygen, which is produced by photosynthetic life form, causes the atmosphere to be transparent to visible light, allowing a significant scattering of the leigh and therefore a stronger reflection of blue light. Voyager 1 remote position on February 14, 1990. The vertical strips are one year apart and indicate the probe's distance over the ecliptic. According to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory HORIZONS, the distances between Voyager 1 and Earth on the 14 and 15 May 1990, were as follows: 23 Distance Voyager 1 from Earth Unit of Measurement February 14, 1990 May 15, 1990 Astronomical units 40.472229 40.417506 Kilometers 6,054.3 587 00 0 6,046,400,000 miles 3,762,146,000 3,757,059,000 reflections in his 1994 book, Pale blue dot, Carl Sagan comments on what he sees as greater importance of photography , writing: Look again at this point. It's right here. It's a house. That's us. On it, everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you've ever heard, every person you've ever had, lived their lives. The totality of our joy and suffering, thousands of self-confident religions, ideologies and economic doctrines, every hunter and breadwinner, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, child of hope, child of hope, inventor and researcher, every moral teacher, every corrupt politician, every superstar, every supreme leader, every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there - on the Earth is a very small scene.
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