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Harvardasia Quarterly FALL 2012, Vol. XIV, No. 3 Harvard Asia Quarterly A Journal of Current Affairs Affiliated with the Harvard University Asia Center INSIDE: South Asian Perspectives in the Modern Context JHUMA SEN · The Trial of Errors in Bangladesh: The ICTA and the 1971 Interview: TARUN KHANNA · On India, China, and Innovation War Crimes Trial SANGEETA MEDIRATTA · The Affair of the Greased Cartridge: Traveling EMILIAN kavaLSKI · “Brand India” or “Pax Indica”? The Myth of Stories, Unraveling Empires, and the Sepoy Revolt of 1857 Assertive Posturing in India’s Post-1998 Foreign Policy Making SUVOBRATA SARKAR · Colonization, Technical Education, and the SHAMSUL KHAN · Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift: Bengali Bhadralok: Studies on the Politics of Knowledge, 1856-1905 Conceptualizing the Economics and Geopolitical Implications of Pax Sinica rao IMRAN HABIB & MAHDI ZAHRAA · Judicial Independence in DOUGLAS HILL · Alternative Institutional Arrangements: Managing Pakistan: A Brief Historical Account Transboundary Water Resources in South Asia Harvard Asia Quarterly FALL 2012, Vol. XIV, No. 3 EDIToR-IN-chief Allan Hsiao AREA EDIToRS China AREA Head Editor: Rui Guo Huiyi Chen Michael Chenkin oliver Kerr Florin-Stefan Morar Hannah Waight Japan AREA Head Editor: Rebecca Tompkins Alissa Murray Danica Truscott Valerie Zinner KoREA AREA Head Editor: Keung Yoon Bae Russell Burge Inga Diederich Justin Thomas SoUTH/SoUTHEAST ASIA AREA Head Editors: Erum Sattar, Jonathan Lim Leandro Angelo Y. Aguirre Jesusa Arellano-Aguda Pawat Satayanurug Ying Xia The Harvard Asia Quarterly is a journal of current affairs affiliated with the Harvard University Asia Center. LETTER FRoM THE EDIToR Dear Reader, The current edition of the Harvard Asia Quarterly represents a collection of perspectives on the issues facing South Asian society today. Our last issue focused on the diversity of developments taking place in Asia as a whole; the present issue continues this discussion, focusing instead on the diversity of challenges facing South Asia in particular. From the Sepoy Revolt in India to the Lawyers’ Movement in Pakistan, and from the establishment of universities in Bengal to the establishment of war crimes tribunals in Bangladesh, the broad range of topics covered within this issue is indicative of the richness and depth of the region itself. We open this issue with an interview of Tarun Khanna, Jorge Paulo Lemann Professor at the Harvard Business School and Director of the South Asia Initiative at Harvard University. Speaking from his experience in working with multinational and indigenous companies in emerging markets worldwide, Professor Khanna offers his take on the developmental challenges facing India and China, as well as the role that innovation will play in addressing these challenges. The following section explores the historical implications of the region’s colonial past. Sangeeta Mediratta of Stanford University examines the representation of the Indian Sepoy Revolt in the nineteenth-century United States, including its impact on the national discourse on ethnic tensions and imperial concerns. Suvobrata Sarkar of Jawaharlal Nehru University analyzes the establishment of Bengali institutions of higher learning during the British colonial era and the role of techno-scientific education in developing the province’s industrial capabilities. A discussion of the politics of legal institutions in the region comes next, beginning with an historical account of judicial independence in Pakistan by Rao Imran Habib of Bahauddin Zakariya University and Mahdi Zahraa of Glasgow Caledonian University. Jhuma Sen, a practitioner of the Supreme Court of India, then dissects the key issues arising from the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act of 1973 as amended in 2009, and its legal implications for tribunals seeking to prosecute war crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. We close the issue with a trio of essays that center on the geopolitical dynamics of the region. The section begins with an article by Emilian Kavalski of the University of Western Sydney, offering his perspectives on a “Pax Indica” built on India’s current self-positioning in the international arena. We take a small detour out of South Asia with Shamsul Khan of the University of South Australia, who offers a complementary perspective on China, presenting a conceptual framework for understanding a “Pax Sinica” at both the regional and global levels. Finally, Douglas Hill of the University of Otago focuses not on a single country but rather on the region as a whole, arguing for alternative institutional arrangements to address the challenge of managing South Asia’s transboundary water resources. Indeed, the diversity of topics relevant to South Asia reflects a dynamism that necessitates nuanced analysis and understanding. And in part, this issue seeks to convey the breadth of the academic discussion of the region today. But equally important, however, is the hope that this issue also contributes to promoting the discussion itself, facilitating scholarly exchange on a region traditionally underemphasized and, in line with the goals of our journal, providing a platform upon which scholarship on the region can be presented and furthered. With kind regards, Allan Hsiao Editor-in-Chief ABoUT the harvard UNIVERSITY ASIA CENTER Established on July 1, 1997, the Harvard University Asia Center was founded as a university-wide inter-faculty initiative with an underlying mission to engage people across disciplines and regions. It was also charged with expanding South and Southeast Asian studies, including Thai Studies, in the University’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The Center sponsors a number of seminars, conferences, lectures, and programs during the academic year, including the annual Tsai Lecture, the Modern Asia, Southeast Asia, and Islam in Asia seminar series, the Ezra F. Vogel Distinguished Visi- tors Program, and the Asia Vision 21 conference. In addition to its award-winning Publications Program, the Center issues a weekly bulletin featuring Asia-related events at Harvard and in the greater Boston area, as well as an on-line newsletter. For more information on the Harvard University Asia Center, visit asiacenter.harvard.edu. ABoUT the SoUTH ASIA initiative at harvard UNIVERSITY The South Asia Initiative (SAI) at Harvard University engages faculty and students through interdisciplinary programs to advance and deepen the teaching and research on global issues relevant to South Asia. As a catalyst and bridge between Harvard faculty and the region, the South Asia Initiative’s goals are to: · Facilitate scholarly exchanges among Harvard faculty and students, international South Asia specialists, visiting aca- demics, and public figures from South Asia. · Sponsor lectures and conferences at Harvard and in the region by distinguished academic, governmental, and busi- ness leaders whose work contributes to a better understanding of the challenges facing South Asia. · Support Harvard students with grants for language study, research, and internships in-region. · Bring knowledge from South Asia to Harvard by supporting faculty and student research, study, and service learning. · Build a community of stakeholders committed to building scholarship on South Asia at Harvard and in-region. For more information on the South Asia Initiative, visit southasiainitiative.harvard.edu. errata (VoL. 14, No. 1 & 2) Page 11: Professor Carter Eckert’s name was incorrectly printed as “Carter Eckhart.” We offer our sincere apologies for this editorial oversight. Page 54: “Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, at the helm of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government” should instead read “Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, at the helm of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government.” Indeed, Prime Minister Vajpayee is referred to with the correct party affiliation on the following page. Cover Photo: © Tatiana Nazarova - Fotolia.com Article Cover Photos (unless otherwise credited): Bigstockphoto.com I. INTERVIEW Special Interview with TARUN KHANNA · On India, China, and Innovation 4 II. THE CoLoNIAL past The Affair of the Greased Cartridge: Traveling Stories, Unraveling Empires, and the Sepoy Revolt of 1857 8 sangeeta mediratta Colonization, Technical Education, and the Bengali Bhadralok: Studies on the Politics of Knowledge, 1856-1905 17 suvobrata SARKAR III. the PoLITICS oF LEGAL INSTITUTIoNS Judicial Independence in Pakistan: A Brief Historical Account 25 rao IMRAN HABIB & MAHDI ZAHRAA The Trial of Errors in Bangladesh: The ICTA and the 1971 War Crimes Trial 33 JHUMA SEN IV. internatioNAL relatioNS: ASIA AND BEYoND “Brand India” or “Pax Indica”? The Myth of Assertive Posturing in India’s Post-1998 Foreign Policy Making 44 EMILIAN kavaLSKI Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift: Conceptualizing the Economics and Geopolitical Implications of Pax Sinica 51 SHAMSUL KHAN Alternative Institutional Arrangements: Managing Transboundary Water Resources in South Asia 60 DOUGLAS HILL INTERVIEW: taRUN khanna ON INDIA, CHINA, AND INNOVation INTERVIEW BY ALLAN hsiao Professor Khanna, it’s a pleasure to speak with you For instance, in Brazil, China, and India, there is a today. Having read your books on the Indian and Chinese sense of a need for what I refer to in my work as “inclusive markets, Billions of Entrepreneurs and your co-authored innovation,” the idea that, whatever the fruits of modernity work with Krishna Palepu, Winning in Emerging Markets, are, they should be made accessible to broad swathes of
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