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Relatório Final (2017-2018)

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Relatório Final (2017-2018) MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE PARQUE NACIONAL DO JURUENA AM/MT Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade- PIBIC/ICMBio Relatório Final (2017-2018) INVENTÁRIO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE CORPOS D’ ÁGUA DO PARNA JURUENA – MT, BRASIL Estudante de IC: Luciano Dias da Conceição Orientadora: Lourdes Iarema Co-Orientadora: Solange Arrolho Alta Floresta – MT Agosto - 2018 RESUMO A bacia Amazônica conserva uma hidrografia composta por inúmeros e imensos rios, igarapés e lagos, onde pouco se conhece sobre a sua taxonomia, distribuição, biologia e ecologia dos peixe desta região. Por esta necessidade o presente estudo tem por objetivo contribuir na realização do levantamento ictiofaunístico em corpos d´água do Parque Nacional do Juruena. Foram realizadas coletas no Rio Juruena e em igarapés dentro do parque, em 2017 e 2018, foram estabelecidos seis (6) trechos no rio Juruena e em sete (7) igarapés, as coletas foram realizadas com o uso de puçás, rede de arrasto, rede de espera e pesca. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de formalina a 10% no local de coleta e transportadas ao Laboratório de Ictiologia da Amazônia Meridional, na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, UNEMAT, onde foram identificadas e incorporados à coleção. Na coleta realizada no rio Juruena foram coletados 1654 exemplares, distribuídos em 6 ordens, 26 famílias 62 gêneros e 98 espécies. Coletas realizadas nos igarapés constaram 357 exemplares, distribuídos em 5 ordens 18 famílias, 38 gêneros e 68 espécies. Foi realizado incisão abdominal para determinação de sexo e estádio de maturação gonadal, e determinação da dieta alimentar. Foram analisados 12 conteúdos estomacais onde 67% consumiram peixe ou restos de peixes e inseto, os demais 33% não possuíam alimento, as gônadas apresentaram 7 catalogadas como fêmeas e 5 machos. Esse estudo permite avaliar que a conservação das áreas amostradas é um fator determinante para a alta diversidade ictiológica encontrada nestes locais. Palavras chave: Alimentação, Diversidade, Reprodução ABSTRACT The Amazon basin conserves a hydrography composed of innumerable and immense rivers, streams and lakes, where little is known about its taxonomy, distribution, biology and ecology of the fish of this region. Due to this need the present study aims to contribute to the accomplishment of the ichthyofaunistic survey in water bodies of the Juruena National Park. Collections were made in Juruena River and in igarapés within the park, in 2017 and 2018, six (6) stretches were established on the Juruena River and seven (7) igarapés, the collections were carried out with the use of puçás, trawl, net of waiting and fishing. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution at the collection site and transported to the Ichthyology Laboratory of Southern Amazonia at the State University of Mato Grosso UNEMAT, where they were identified and incorporated into the collection. In the collection made in the river Juruena were collected 1654 specimens, distributed in 6 orders, 26 families 62 genera and 98 species. Collections carried out in the igarapés consisted of 357 specimens, distributed in 5 orders 18 families, 38 genera and 68 species. Was An abdominal incision was made to determine the sex and stage of gonadal maturation, and dietary diet determination. Twelve stomach contents were analyzed in which 67% consumed fish or fish and insect remnants, the other 33% did not have food, the gonads presented 7 cataloged as females and 5 males. This study allows to evaluate that the conservation of the sampled areas is a determining factor for the high ichthyological diversity found in these sites. Keywords: Food, Diversity, Reproduction LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Aplicação dos métodos de coleta. A - Armação de rede de espera; B - Utilização de puçás; C - realização de pesca convencional. Fotos: Fotos B e C Arrolho, 2017; A e D Conceição 2017. ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Figura 2 - Peixes coletados pelo método de pesca no rio Juruena; A: Pesca realizada no trecho 3; B: Soltura de zungaro zungaro no trecho 3; C: Retirada da medidas de comprimento de Phractocephalus hemioliopterus no trecho 5; D: Registro fotografico de Ramdhia quelen no trecho 5. Fotos: CONCEIÇÃO, 2018. .............................................................................................. 22 GRÁFICOS Gráfico 1 - Porcentagem dos táxons de peixes registrados no Monitoramento do PARNA Juruena, em 2016. ..................................................................................................................... 15 Gráfico 2 - Porcentagem de ordens de peixes coletadas no ano de 2017 no rio Juruena. ....... 20 Gráfico 3 - Porcentagem das ordens coletadas nos igarapés do PARNA Juruena. ................. 25 Gráfico 4 - Número de peixes coletados no PARNA Juruena, de acordo com seus estádios gonadais, Outubro de 2017. ...................................................................................................... 28 Gráfico 5 - Comparação da temperatura da água entre os anos de 2017 e 2018. .................... 29 Gráfico 6 - Comparação do pH nos trechos de coleta no anos de 2017 e 2018. ..................... 30 TABELAS Tabela 1 - Lista de Locais de Coleta da Ictiofauna no rio Juruena, coordenadas geográficas DATUM WGS 84. ........................................................................... 13 Tabela 2 - Lista de espécies de coletadas no rio Juruena, para cada trecho de coleta. Legenda: As colunas representadas como T seguido de um número representam os trechos de coletas. ...................................................................... 17 Tabela 3 - Numero de peixes coletados pela pesca no rio Juruena, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Legenda: As colunas representadas como T seguido de um número representam os trechos de coletas. ...................................................................... 21 Tabela 4 - Lista de espécies de coletadas nos igarapés do PARNA Juruena. Legenda: As colunas representadas como T seguido de um número representam os trechos de coletas. ........................................................................................... 23 Tabela 5 - amostra dos estômagos analisados referente a coleta de Outubro de 2017. Legenda Guilda: NAIA – Número Amostral Insuficiente para análise. ... 26 Tabela 6 - Espécies da ictiofauna com os estádios de maturação gonadal coletados em Outubro de 2017. ........................................................................... 27 Tabela 7 - Atributos físicos e químicos da água dos trechos de amostragem, para a coleta de Outubro de 2017. ....................................................................... 28 Tabela 8 - Atributos físicos e químicos da água dos trechos de amostragem, para a coleta de Outubro de 2018. ....................................................................... 29 ABREVIATURAS ICMBio Instituto Chico Mende de Conservação da biodiversidade LIAM laboratório de Ictiologia da Amazônia Meridional PARNA Juruena Parque Nacional do Juruena pH Potencial hidrogeniônico PPBio Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade UNEMAT Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Sumário INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................. 9 OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................... 11 Objetivo Geral ............................................................................................................ 11 Objetivos Específicos ................................................................................................. 11 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ÁREA DE ESTUDO ....................................................... 12 Auxílio na Manutenção da coleção de ictiologia da UNEMAT ................................ 12 Auxílio nas Coletas de dados em Campo................................................................... 12 Coleta com puçás/peneira .......................................................................................... 13 Coleta com rede de arrasto ......................................................................................... 13 Coleta com rede de espera ......................................................................................... 14 Coleta com varas de pesca ......................................................................................... 14 Fixação e conservação dos espécimes ....................................................................... 14 Análise de qualidade da água ..................................................................................... 15 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................... 15 Coleta através da pesca .............................................................................................. 21 Coletas em igarapés ................................................................................................... 23 Guildas Tróficas ......................................................................................................... 26 Processo Reprodutivo ................................................................................................ 27 Qualidade da água. ..................................................................................................... 28
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