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Were Constructed on Unacknowledged Hierarchies of Race, Class, and Gender

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Were Constructed on Unacknowledged Hierarchies of Race, Class, and Gender Volume 48, Number 2, Fall 2016, pp. 171-178 Book Reviews 175 were constructed on unacknowledged hierarchies of race, class, and gender. Troublingly, Malin sees many similar contemporary examples of this deeply problematic rhetoric continuing to shape popular understandings of emerging technologies. In the final chapter, Malin critiques some of these contemporary examples of media physicalism, including the works of Steven Johnson, Nicholas Carr, and Gary Small & Gigi Vorgan. In place of what he argues are reductive and essentialist assumptions of this perspective, he advocates “theorizing media in a way that foregrounds the historical and rhetorical situatedness of our experiences with technology and emotion” in ways that make possible “a more self-conscious understanding of our discussions” (pp. 224-225). The book provides well-researched and carefully documented examples of how media physicalism shaped scholarly and popular understandings of emerging technologies in the early part of the twentieth century. Recent scholarship in media studies has included a growing interest in historical perspectives on the cultural impact of new media technologies, as well as the role of affect in mediated communication. Feeling Mediated brings these threads together in ways that make important contributions to the field. Thomas P. Oates University of Iowa Sahlstein Parcell, E., & Webb, L. M. (Eds.). (2015). A communication perspective on the military: Interactions, messages, and discourses. New York: Peter Lang, 448 pp., $48.95. ISBN: 9781433123290 As a communication scholar and United States military veteran, I have often felt something was missing in my own discipline due to the dearth of scholarly resources focusing on a topic which I find to have an important impact on every researcher in this nation—the military, the defenders of freedom who provide us with the academic freedom to pursue whatever areas of research we choose. Sahlstein Parcell and Webb stepped into this gap by creating the first ever collection of military research from across the communication discipline which was not limited to any single war and which incorporated all branches of the military. Sahlstein Parcell and Webb identified a three-fold need as the impetus for creating this volume: (1) an increase of scholars studying intersections of the military and communication; (2) a lack of published collections about communication and the military; and (3) a chance to create a single volume that would unite military research from across the communication discipline. Therefore, 176 Book Reviews Iowa Journal of Communication Sahlstein Parcell and Webb’s main purpose in gathering this collection of research was to present a range of thinking about the military in the discipline of communication while being able to support a course on the military. Furthermore, the editors encourage communication scholars to look at military research from other disciplines and perhaps to foster an expansion of cross-disciplinary theory development and research planning for scholars both in and outside the discipline of communication. With a foreword by Robert Ivie, the book is divided into three sections that highlight major topical areas which represent a majority of military research in the communication discipline: (1) Military Families; (2) Media and the Military; and (3) Rhetoric Surrounding the Military. Through the book’s introduction in Chapter 1, Sahlstein Parcell gives a detailed overview of the contents of the three sections while highlighting the contributions of each participating scholar. Every section features an introductory chapter written by an area expert, giving the readers an intellectual framework to assist with sensemaking of the research reports in the chapters which follow. In addition, Sahlstein Parcell gives a useful breakdown of the myriad ways scholars and instructors can use this volume for their research and courses. Each of the 18 chapters include “Best Practices” and “Implications” sections which aid in this usage. Section One focuses on “Military Families” and is introduced in Chapter 2 by Katheryn Maguire, who expertly outlines many of the communicative stressors experienced by military families during the different phases of a deployment. Maguire further explains several communicative processes that these families employ in order to build and foster resiliency, thus providing a deeper understanding of military life for those who have never experienced deployment first hand. In Chapter 3, Knobloch, Theiss and Wehrman present the results of their two-part study that focused on military couples and what was said and left unsaid during a deployment. Berck and Webb chose to focus their study on the children of military families in Chapter 4 by gathering accounts of successful communication enacted by deployed military parents with their children back home. Chapter 5 highlights the work of Cramer, Tenzek, and Allen, who studied the communicative interventions used by military chaplains and the impact of this type of social support on the physical and mental health of veterans. High, Jennings-Kelsall, Solomon, and Marshall review what types of support are provided to military families via online support groups in Chapter 6, while Mehta and Jorgenson utilize a sensemaking perspective to review the narrative accounts of employment experiences of Air Force wives in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 is the final chapter in Section One and highlights the work of LeBlanc and Olson Volume 48, Number 2, Fall 2016, pp. 171-178 Book Reviews 177 who looked at how relational communication within a military family was impacted by the return of their veteran and the identity negotiation experience of that veteran. Section Two, “Media and the Military,” begins with Chapter 9 by Roger Stahl, who proposes that communication research about the military in the media can be placed in any of three categories: (1) propaganda research, (2) entertainment, and (3) new media. Sexton’s comparison in Chapter 10 of Tuskegee Airman news coverage in the two African American newspapers—the Baltimore Afro-American and the Pittsburgh Courier—is presented as an example of propaganda research. Another example of propaganda research is included in Chapter 11 by Achter’s analysis of how specific interests were served through the news coverage of the “media event” the end of the Iraq War. Chapter 12 is an example of military in the media as entertainment by Howard and Prividera’s examination of “coming home” narratives in televised news reports, arguing that the framing of these stories highlight national pride and the resiliency of service members while covering up ongoing health issues of these military personnel and their families. In Chapter 13, Coe provides another example of military in the media being used as entertainment by analyzing media tribute segments called Fallen Heroes featured on the CBS Evening News, which promoted support for the wars yet was also found to create doubt in the minds of the viewers about the necessity for such wars. New media is highlighted in Chapter 14 via Haigh and Pfau’s examination of the content of milblogs (military web logs), looking at what information is given out and how milblogs influence support for war. Section Two concludes with Chapter 15, Silvestri’s study of how the U.S. Marine Corps regulates the use of social media by its service members and how this regulation causes a clash between the personal lives of Marines and their chain of command. Section Three, “Rhetoric Surrounding the Military,” contains chapters focusing on public communication about the military and is divided into three distinct categories: (1) rhetorical histories; (2) rhetorical critiques, and (3) controversy studies. This section begins with Gordon Mitchell’s Chapter 16 introduction of these categories and review of rhetorical literature dedicated to military, war, and politics in the communication discipline. Utilizing a rhetorical history approach in Chapter 17, Quigley Holden analyzes the speeches of two military leaders, General George Van Horn Moseley and General Douglas MacArthur, and what rhetorical strategies they used to gain power. Taking a Foucauldian point of view in Chapter 18, Gerbensky-Kerber and Bates examine how the non-profit group Mission: Readiness (MR) frames childhood obesity as a threat to national security because so many of America’s youth are too overweight to join the military. Foster shares another 178 Book Reviews Iowa Journal of Communication rhetorical critique in Chapter 19 through his analysis of the public debate sparked by the renaming of a Canadian highway to the “Highway of Heroes.” Chapter 20 continues the rhetorical critique with Klien’s analysis of how post-9/11, military-themed films explain war to the public while providing locations for political policy debate. A final rhetorical critique is provided in Chapter 21 by Walsh’s analysis of how coverage of a toxic contamination at Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas was handled by the military and how the military managed the public’s understanding of such a major event. Section Three concludes with Chapter 22, presenting a controversy study by Young and Kaurin arguing the military’s former policy of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell—which disallowed non-heterosexual service members from serving openly in the military—was rooted in the myth of the military warrior or hero. In summary, A Communication Perspective on the Military by Sahlstein Parcell and Webb is able to actively engage readers of different
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