DOCSLIB.ORG

Book of Abstracts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Book of Abstracts The 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC11) Scientific Program Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology July 24-29, 2011 Table of Contents Contents Sunday, 24 July 1 Pedagogical Lectures for Students - Kresge Auditorium (09:00-15:45)................. 1 Welcome Reception - Kresge Oval Tent (16:00-19:00) . ................... 1 Monday, 25 July 2 Opening Remarks - Kresge Auditorium (08:30-08:55) . ................... 2 Plenary1 - KresgeAuditorium (08:30-10:05) . ................. 2 Plenary1 - KresgeAuditorium (10:45-12:00) . ................. 2 Parallel 1A - Parity Violating Scattering - W20-307 (MezzanineLounge)(13:30-15:30) . 3 Parallel 1B - Nuclear Effects & Hadronization - W20-306 (20 Chimneys)(13:30-15:30) . 4 Parallel 1C - Recent Baryon Results I - W20-201 (West Lounge) (13:30-15:30). 6 Parallel 1D - Kaonic Atoms and Hypernuclear Physics - 4-149 (13:30-15:30) . 8 Parallel 1E - Neutrino Oscillations I - 4-163 (13:30-15:30) ....................... 10 Parallel 1F - Dark Forces and Dark Matter - 4-153 (13:30-15:30) ................... 12 Parallel 1G - P- and T-violating weak decays - Kresge - RehearsalA(13:30-15:30) . 14 Parallel 1H - Electroweak Cross Sections at the TeV Scale - Kresge - Rehearsal B (13:30-15:30) . 16 Parallel 1I - CKM & CP Violation - Kresge - Little Theatre (13:30-15:30) .............. 17 Parallel 1J - Collider Searches Beyond the Standard Model - Kresge Auditorium (13:30-15:30) . 18 Parallel 1K - Hydrodynamics - W20-407 (13:30-15:30) . ................... 19 Parallel 1L - Heavy Ion Collisions I - W20-491 (13:30-15:30) ...................... 20 Parallel 2A - Generalized Parton Distributions - W20-307 (Mezzanine Lounge) (16:00-17:40). 21 Parallel 2B - Parton Distribution Functions and Fits - W20-306 (20 Chimneys) (16:00-17:40) . 23 Parallel 2C - Recent Baryon Results II - W20-201 (West Lounge)(16:00-17:40) . 24 Parallel 2D - Particle Astrophysics - 4-149 (16:00-17:40) . ....................... 26 Parallel 2E - Neutrino Interactions - 4-163 (16:00-17:40) . ....................... 27 Parallel2F - Dark Matter I - 4-153(16:00-17:40) . .................. 28 Parallel 2G - Precision tests of CPT and QED - Kresge - RehearsalA(16:00-17:40) . 29 Parallel 2H - Heavy Quark Production - Kresge - Rehearsal B (16:00-17:40) . 31 Parallel 2I - Heavy Flavor Rare Decays - Kresge - Little Theatre(16:00-17:40) . 32 Parallel 2K – Hydrodynamics - W20-407 (16:00-17:40) . ................... 33 Parallel 2L - Heavy Ion Collisions II - W20-491 (16:00-17:40) ..................... 35 Tuesday, 26 July 37 Plenary2 - KresgeAuditorium (08:30-10:15) . ................. 37 Plenary2 - KresgeAuditorium (10:45-12:00) . ................. 38 Parallel 3A - Form Factors & Radii - W20-307 (Mezzanine Lounge)(13:30-15:30) . 38 Parallel 3B - Transverse Spin & TMDs - W20-306 (20 Chimneys) (13:30-15:30) . 40 Parallel 3C - Meson Spectroscopy and Exotics - W20-201 (West Lounge)(13:30-15:30) . 42 Parallel 3D - Nuclear Astrophysics I - 4-149 (13:30-15:30) . ...................... 44 Parallel 3E - Neutrino Experiments I - 4-163 (13:30-15:30) . ...................... 45 Parallel 3F - Dark Matter II - 4-153 (13:30-15:30). ................... 47 Parallel 3G - Parity-Violation in Neutral Currents - Kresge - RehearsalA (13:30-15:30) . 49 Parallel 3H - Accelerator Physics - Kresge - Rehearsal B (13:30-15:30) ................ 51 Parallel 3I - Charm and Semileptonic Decays - Kresge - Little Theatre(13:30-15:30) . 52 Parallel 3J - Standard Model Higgs Boson - Kresge Auditorium (13:30-15:30) . 54 Parallel 3K - Jet Substructure I - W20-407 (13:30-15:30) . ..................... 55 Parallel 3L - Heavy Ion Collisions III - W20-491 (13:30-15:30)..................... 55 Poster Session - Stratton Student Center - Sala de Puerto Rico(15:30-17:30) . 57 Public Lectures - Kresge Auditorium (19:00-20:50) . .................... 57 Wednesday, 27 July 59 Plenary3 - KresgeAuditorium (08:30-10:15) . ................. 59 Plenary3 – KresgeAuditorium (10:45-12:10) . ................. 59 Thursday, 28 July 61 Plenary4 - KresgeAuditorium (08:30-10:15) . ................. 61 Plenary4 - KresgeAuditorium (10:45-12:00) . ................. 61 Parallel 4A - QCD & Hadron Structure - W20-307 (Mezzanine Lounge)(13:30-15:30). 62 Parallel 4B - Helicity Structure of the Nucleon - W20-306 (20 Chimneys) (13:30-15:30) . 63 Parallel 4C - Charm and Strange Spectroscopy - W20-201 (West Lounge)(13:30-15:30) . 65 Parallel 4E - Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay - 4-163 (13:30-15:30).................. 66 Parallel 4F - Lepton Flavor Violation - 4-153 (13:30-15:30) ....................... 68 Parallel 4G - Jets at the Frontiers of QCD - Kresge - Rehearsal A(13:30-15:30). 69 Parallel 4H - Quarkonia - Kresge - Rehearsal B (13:30-15:30) ..................... 70 Parallel 4I - Collider Searches Beyond the Standard Model - Kresge - Little Theatre (13:30-15:30) 71 Parallel 4J - Top Quark Physics - Kresge Auditorium (13:30-15:30).................. 72 Parallel 4K - Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram - W20-407(13:30-15:30) . 73 Parallel 4L - Hard Probes, AdS/CFT and Heavy Ion Collisions - W20-491(13:30-15:30) . 75 Parallel 5A - Diffractive and small-x - W20-307 (Mezzanine Lounge)(16:00-17:40) . 76 Parallel 5B - Outlook - W20-306 (20 Chimneys) (16:00-17:40) ..................... 77 Parallel 5C - Meson Decays - W20-201 (West Lounge) (16:00-17:40) ................. 78 Parallel 5D - Nuclear Astrophysics II - 4-149 (16:00-17:40) ....................... 80 Parallel 5E - Neutrino Experiments II - 4-163 (16:00-17:40) ...................... 81 Parallel 5F - Neutrino Oscillations II - 4-153 (16:00-17:40)....................... 83 Parallel 5G - Lepton Universality and Forward Jets - Kresge - Rehearsal A (16:00-17:40) . 84 Parallel 5H - EDMs and other T-Violation Searches - Kresge - Rehearsal B (16:00-17:40). 86 Parallel 5I - Heavy Flavor Prospects - Kresge - Little Theatre(16:00-17:40) . 88 Parallel 5J - Beyond the Standard Model Higgs Boson - Kresge Auditorium (16:00-17:40) . 89 Parallel 5K - Jet Substructure II - W20-407 (16:00-17:40) . ..................... 89 Parallel 5L - Lattice QCD Thermodynamics - W20-491 (16:00-17:40)................. 91 DinnerCruise....................................... ......... 92 Friday, 29 July 93 Plenary5 - KresgeAuditorium (08:30-10:15) . ................. 93 Plenary5 - KresgeAuditorium (10:45-12:10) . ................. 93 The 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC11) Sunday 24 July 2011 Pedagogical Lectures for Students - Kresge Auditorium (09:00-15:45) 09:00 Big Questions in Particle Physics - An Overview : Jesse THALER (MIT) 09:30 Tools of Particle Physics I - Accelerators : Bill GRAVES (MIT) 10:00 Tools of Particle Physics II - Particle Detectors : Steve AHLEN (Boston University) 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break 11:00 Searching for the Higgs Boson : Steve NAHN (MIT) 11:30 Searching for New Particles : Joao GUIMARAES DA COSTA (Harvard University) 12:00 Puzzles in Neutrinos : Noah OBLATH (MIT) 12:30-13:45 Lunch Break 13:45 What is the Proton Made Of? : Krishna KUMAR (UMass Amherst) 14:15 Recreating the Early Universe - the Quark Gluon Plasma : Wit BUSZA (MIT) 14:45 The Accelerating Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy : Kim PALLADINO (MIT) 15:15 Question and Answer Scession Welcome Reception - Kresge Oval Tent (16:00-19:00) 1 Monday 25 July 2011 Opening Remarks - Kresge Auditorium (08:30-08:55) Chair: Richard Milner(MIT) Dr. Susan Hockfield, President of MIT, and Professor Edmund Bertschinger, Head of the MIT Department of Physics. Plenary 1 - Kresge Auditorium (08:30-10:05) Chair: Susan Seestrom (Los Alamos National Laboratory) 08:55 P1-1 Seeking the Origin of Mass: Higgs Searches at Colliders : Wade FISHER (Michigan State University) The Higgs boson could be the final piece of the puzzle in the Standard Model of particle physics and its discovery may be the key to understanding the origin of mass. Experiments at the Tevatron and the LHC are actively looking for signs of this elusive particle and their searches are rapidly evolving. This presentation will cover the newest results from Higgs searches at collider experiments. The presentation will also explore the prospects for these searches, as well as the interplay of the Tevatron and LHC searches of today with results from previous experiments. 09:30 P1-2 Searches for Physics Beyond the Standard Model at the Tevatron and LHC : Peter WITTICH (Cornell University) We are at an auspicious moment in experimental particle physics - we have very large data samples at the Tevatron and are exploring a new energy regime with ever larger data samples at the Large Hadron Collider. The coincidence of these two events suggests that we will soon be able to address the question, what lies beyond the standard model? Particle physicss current understanding of the universe is encoded in the standard model. The model has been tested to extreme precision - better than a part in ten thousand - but we suspect that it is only an approximation, and that physics beyond this standard model will appear in the data of the Tevatron and LHC in the near future. In this talk I will discuss the current status of searches for new physics, what hints we have in the data, and what we might expect in the future. Plenary 1 - Kresge Auditorium (10:45-12:00) Chair: Cynthia Keppel (Hampton University) 10:45 P1-3 The Radial Distribution of the Proton and its Constituents : Haiyan GAO (Duke University) Nucleons (protons and neutrons) are the building blocks of visible matter. They are also natural laboratories for testing and understanding how quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong interaction, works in the non- perturbative region, where ordinary matter lives. In this talk, I will review recent progress in the study of the structure of the proton and the insight one gains about its radial distribution and constituents. This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE- FG02-03ER41231. 11:20 P1-4 The Quark-Gluon Structure of the Nucleon : Naomi MAKINS (University of Illinois) The proton is a unique bound state: we know that its fundamental constituents are quarks and gluons, and we have a fine theory, QCD, to describe the strong force that binds these constituents together.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tests of Chameleon Gravity
    Tests of Chameleon Gravity Clare Burrage,a;∗ and Jeremy Saksteinb;y aSchool of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK bCenter for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract Theories of modified gravity where light scalars with non-trivial self-interactions and non-minimal couplings to matter|chameleon and symmetron theories|dynamically sup- press deviations from general relativity in the solar system. On other scales, the environ- mental nature of the screening means that such scalars may be relevant. The highly- nonlinear nature of screening mechanisms means that they evade classical fifth-force searches, and there has been an intense effort towards designing new and novel tests to probe them, both in the laboratory and using astrophysical objects, and by reinter- preting existing datasets. The results of these searches are often presented using different parametrizations, which can make it difficult to compare constraints coming from dif- ferent probes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state-of-the-art searches for screened scalars coupled to matter, and to translate the current bounds into a single parametrization to survey the state of the models. Presently, commonly studied chameleon models are well-constrained but less commonly studied models have large re- gions of parameter space that are still viable. Symmetron models are constrained well by astrophysical and laboratory tests, but there is a desert separating the two scales where the model is unconstrained. The coupling of chameleons to photons is tightly constrained but the symmetron coupling has yet to be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Emerging Technology Trends
    Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS armasuisse Science and Technology Emerging Technology Trends 2015 Thun 2015 Credits Editor Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS armasuisse Science and Technology Research Management and Operations Research www.armasuisse.ch/wt www.deftech.ch Author Dr. Quentin Ladetto Research Director - Technology Foresight [email protected] Release 1.3 Compiled on Tuesday 21st June, 2016 at 16:43 Front page: Emerging sun - view of the Earth from space Foreword As the rate of development in technology is accelerating and civil investments are pushing boundaries always closer to what was considered science-fiction until recently, the exploitation of dual-use technologies is growing in the defence & security ecosystem. If technology is not the only driver in the evolution of warfare, it is the enabler, not to say the trigger, of most of the changes that occurred at the turning point between generations. For a country like Switzerland, Technology Foresight is paramount to identify the opportuni- ties and threats a technology can represent for the different military capabilities building our national armed forces. Rather than picking winners, the Technology Foresight program must provide a comprehensive overview to ensure an early warning about novel relevant technological advances. Identifying potentialities provides the time to build the necessary competences, skills and expertise, in the various fields. In that sense, Technology Foresight must be an integrated element of the doctrine, planing and procurement processes of the armed forces. Only with this strategic futuristic vision, the Swiss armed forces are able to handle, economi- cally and operatively, the evolutions and challenges to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Bang and the Final Theory TOE - Theory of Everything
    Overruling of the Theory of the Beginning - Big Bang and the final Theory TOE - Theory of Everything Based on a 30 year old observation and a 14 year old Simulation of Reality with Q=U or Quantum Potential Energy = Entire Human Population Dissertation and Professorship with 6 additional scientific research reports from May – September 2012 Submitted by: Andraž Pibernik 1701 on „Institute – Terra Simulada Ilimitada“ Established in Belo Horizonte – MG Brazil, 1998 Academic tutors: Alan Zeeper and Erik Margan Eisenstadt 2012 UE2013 2 I assure that this scientific work of arts was written independently and only by myself quoting online-links and scientific means such as books and other media. This multidisciplinary work can be used on any school, college, university or institute as a mean for conducting exams. Eisenstadt, May 1st 2012 ………………………. Developed between Mojstrana, Belo Horizonte & Eisenstadt from Sept. 1987 – May 2012 UE2013 3 With special thanks to the TOE Quest Forum members and their fearful leader … “What a piece of work is a man , how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties , in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel, in apprehension, how like a god .” W. Shakespeare What we leave behind is not as important as how we've lived. Quote: Captain Jean-Luc Picard, NCC-1701D, E and ∞ Developed between Mojstrana, Belo Horizonte & Eisenstadt from Sept. 1987 – May 2012 UE2013 4 The author Andraž Pibernik dedicates this work to his fellow citizen, the greatest most interdisciplinary explorer, scientist and poet of all times Jožef Stefan. Jožef Stefan, around the year 1880 Jožef Stefan’s constant in the Max Planck system of units: Where ζ(s) is the Riemann function ζ.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1603.06587V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 21 Mar 2016 Nevertheless They Have Managed to Escape Detection (Thus Far) Through So-Called Screening Mech- Anisms
    Chameleon Dark Energy and Atom Interferometry Benjamin Elder1, Justin Khoury1, Philipp Haslinger3, Matt Jaffe3, Holger M¨uller3;4, Paul Hamilton2 1Center for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 3Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 4Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 Abstract Atom interferometry experiments are searching for evidence of chameleon scalar fields with ever-increasing precision. As experiments become more precise, so too must theoretical predictions. Previous work has made numerous approximations to simplify the calculation, which in general requires solving a 3-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). In this paper, we introduce a new technique for calculating the chameleonic force, using a numerical relaxation scheme on a uniform grid. This technique is more general than previous work, which assumed spherical symmetry to reduce the PDE to a 1-dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE). We examine the effects of approximations made in previous efforts on this subject, and calculate the chameleonic force in a set-up that closely mimics the recent experiment of Hamilton et al. Specifically, we simulate the vacuum chamber as a cylinder with dimensions matching those of the experiment, taking into account the backreaction of the source mass, its offset from the center, and the effects of the chamber walls. Remarkably, the acceleration on a test atomic particle is found to differ by only 20% from the approximate analytical treatment. These results allow us to place rigorous constraints on the parameter space of chameleon field theories, although ultimately the constraint we find is the same as the one we reported in Hamilton et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gammev-CHASE Search for Couplings Between Light and Chameleon Dark Energy
    How Dark Is Dark Energy? The GammeV-CHASE Search for Couplings between Light and Chameleon Dark Energy Jason Steffen, FNAL; Amol Upadhye, T-2; Over the past decade, evidence has continued to mount for an astonishing astrophysical phenomenon Alan Baumbaugh, Aaron S. Chou, Peter O. Mazur, known as the cosmic acceleration. The universe appears to be expanding increasingly rapidly; distant ob- Raymond Tomlin, FNAL; A. Weltman, Cape Town; jects are receding faster and faster. If the universe consisted entirely of ordinary matter, and if gravity were William Wester, FNAL well-described by Einstein’s General Relativity, then the expansion of the universe would slow down due to attractive gravitational forces. Thus, the cosmic acceleration demands a significant change to one of our two most fundamental theories. Either General Relativity breaks down on cosmological scales, or a new type of particle must be added to the Standard Model of particle physics, the quantum theory describing all known particles. Since particle physicists have known for some time that General Relativity cannot be incorporated directly into a quantum theory such as the Standard Model, the cosmic acceleration may give some insight into a more fundamental theory unifying gravity and quantum mechanics. he simplest theoretical modification that could explain the theories consistent with current observations are “chameleon” theories, acceleration is the “cosmological constant,” a constant vacuum which “hide” fifth forces and variations in fundamental constants by Tenergy density, which Einstein noted could be added to the equations of becoming massive in high-density regions of the universe. Since massive General Relativity. The contribution of Standard Model fields to the fields give rise to very short-range forces, chameleon dark energies are cosmological constant is approximately 120 orders of magnitude greater notoriously difficult to detect.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of Our Mysterious World.Pdf
    Our Mysterious World--a collection of weirdness http://www.geocities.com/nmdecke/MysteriousWorld.html (1 of 455)11/10/2007 12:44:11 AM Our Mysterious World--a collection of weirdness This is a timeline of weird and "Art Bell-ish" events and happenings that I have been collecting off the internet for a while. Yes, many of the entries contradict each other, and others are most likely patent lies, but all of these are in the public literature and you can sort them out for yourselves… Due to some positive notes from readers, I have decided to start updating this list after about a year of ignoring it. I will be adding new stuff bit by bit, with the latest batch on August 1, 2007. Go back to my homepage for more good stuff, please and thank you. Any comments or additions? Send them to me at [email protected] Alpha and Omega Immanentizing of the Eschaton. Whatever the hell that means… 75,000,000 BC Xenu ordered nuking of earth (Per Scientology). Radioactive dust still in geologic strata in the areas of the American southwestern deserts, African deserts, and Gobi desert. Geologists can't explain the "fused green glass" that has been found in such sites as Pierrelatte in Gabon, the Euphrates Valley, the Sahara Desert, the Gobi Desert, Iraq, the Mojave Desert, Scotland, the Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt, and south-central Turkey. From the same time period, scientists have found a number of uranium deposits that appear to have been mined or depleted in antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manhattan Project John Kenneth Christopher Hunt a Thesis in The
    The Manhattan Project John Kenneth Christopher Hunt A Thesis in The Department of English Presented in Partial Fulfllment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in English at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Dr. Darren Wershler, Project Supervisor April 2017 © John Kenneth Christopher Hunt 2017 1 2 ABSTRACT The Manhattan Project is a book of lyric poetry that chronicles the discovery of nuclear energy and its subsequent use as both a weapon and a fuel source. The book is grounded in the aesthetic positionality contained in scholar Joyelle McSweeney`s concept of the `necropastoral`, a liminal zone where disparate spaces, such as the classical `urban` and `pastoral`, become blurred. The Manhattan Project examines the enduring impossibility of sufciently responding to the continuing repercussions of the nuclear age and its post-nuclear contaminants through a kind of `resurrection` of lyric meditation, further mutated by both formal constraints and conceptual frameworks. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. THE ATOMS WE CLEAVE 8 II. THE ARMS RACE Below Oklo 14 Radioactivity 18 The World Set Free 20 Ideal Isotopes 22 Critical Mass 38 Thuringia 40 III. TRINITY 44 IV. GHOSTS OF LOS ALAMOS Valles Caldera 50 Industrial Complex 54 The Demon Core 56 V. MILITARY INCIDENTS Dull Swords 66 Broken Arrows 68 Bent Spear 72 Empty Quivers 73 Faded Giants 75 Nucflash 77 4 VI. RAIN OF RUIN Clear Skies 80 Testimony 84 Operation Epsilon 88 VII. CONTAMINATION Christmas Island 92 Plutonium Valley 94 The East Ural Reserve 96 The Argonne Incident 98 The Human Factor 100 The Elephant’s Foot 102 Caveat Clepta 109 Rising Water 110 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 1 Gemini Propulsion Disads Index
    Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 1 Gemini Propulsion Disads Index Index ..................................................................... 1 Ozone Link – Solid-Chemical Propellant ............ 48 Ozone Link – Liquid-Chemical Propellant .......... 49 ***CHEMICAL*** .................................. 3 Ozone Link/! ........................................................ 50 **Perchlorate D/A ..................................... 4 Ozone ! – Econ/Disease/Species .......................... 51 Ozone ! – Cancer ................................................. 52 Perchlorate 1NC .................................................... 5 Ozone ! – Climate Change ................................... 53 Perchlorate ! – General ......................................... 6 Ozone ! – Disease/Food/Environment ................. 54 Perchlorate ! – Mothers + Kids Health ................. 7 Ozone ! – Warming/Cancer ................................. 55 Perchlorate ! – Water/Cancer ................................ 8 **AFF .................................................................. 56 Perchlorate ! – Water – Timeframe Helper ........... 9 Aff- Environment Friendly Propulsion Coming .. 57 Perchlorate ! – Food ............................................ 10 Aff – A2 – Ozone ! .............................................. 58 Perchlorate ! – Enviro Justice ............................. 11 Aff – A2 – UV Radiation ! .................................. 59 Perchlorate ! – Enviro Justice – Impact .............. 12 Aff – CFCs Good ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Electroweak Interactions in Gravitational Theory with Chameleon Field and Torsion
    Standard Electroweak Interactions in Gravitational Theory with Chameleon Field and Torsion A. N. Ivanov1, ∗ and M. Wellenzohn1,2, † 1Atominstitut, Technische Universit¨at Wien, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Wien, Austria 2FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Wien, Austria (Dated: June 14, 2021) We propose a version of a gravitational theory with the torsion field, induced by the chameleon field. Following Hojman et al. Phys. Rev. D 17, 3141 (1976) the results, obtained in Phys. Rev. D 90, 045040 (2014), are generalised by extending the Einstein gravity to the Einstein–Cartan gravity with the torsion field as a gradient of the chameleon field through a modification of local gauge invariance of minimal coupling in the Weinberg–Salam electroweak model. The contributions of the chameleon (torsion) field to the observables of electromagnetic and weak processes are calculated. Since in our approach the chameleon–photon coupling constant βγ is equal to the chameleon– matter coupling constant β, i.e. βγ = β, the experimental constraints on β, obtained in terrestrial laboratories by T. Jenke et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 115105 (2014)) and by H. Lemmel et al. (Phys. Lett. B 743, 310 (2015)), can be used for the analysis of astrophysical sources of chameleons, proposed by C. Burrage et al. (Phys. Rev. D 79, 044028 (2009)), A.-Ch. Davis et al. (Phys. Rev. D 80, 064016 (2009) and in references therein, where chameleons induce photons because of direct chameleon–photon transitions in the magnetic fields. PACS numbers: 03.65.Pm, 04.62.+v, 13.15.+g, 23.40.Bw I.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimatter Underestimated
    Antimatter underestimated ∗ Andre Gsponer and Jean-Pierre Hurni Independent Scientific Research Institute Box 30, CH-1211 Geneva-12, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] Version ISRI-87-01.2 November 2, 2018 Abstract We warn of the potential nuclear proliferation’s consequences of military applications of nano- or microgram amounts of antimatter, such as triggering of high-yield thermonuclear explosions, laser pumping, compact sources of energy, directed-energy beams, and portable sources of muons. Sir — The first published account of success in immobilizing antiprotons in an electromagnetic trap has been the subject of a recent leading article News and Views editorial [1]. Although this article gives a good overview of the scientific meaning of this historical achievement, it gives in our view a rather misleading perspective on its likely military significance [2]. It is true that for some applications of antimatter, such as antiballistic missile or spacecraft propulsion, relatively large amounts of antiprotons are required. For most other cases, the useful amounts are usually much smaller. For example, we have calculated that less than a microgram of antiprotons is sufficient to trigger a thermonuclear explosion or pump a powerful X-ray laser [3, 4]. But antimatter is not only the most powerful of all high-explosives,it is also the only feasible portable source of muons. In every antiproton annihilation, on the average three muons are produced. These could be used to induce muon-catalysed fusion reactions in a deuterium-helium-3 mixture, an attractive solution for a low- weight neutron-free space nuclear reactor that could be operated in a continuous or pulsed mode.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunting for Chameleons in ALP Searches
    Hunting for Chameleons in ALP Searches Amanda Weltman Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 0WA, United Kingdom. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa, 7700 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3204/DESY-PROC-2008-02/lindner axel We discuss some recent developments in chameleon models. In particular we discuss the possibility of searching for chameleons in axion-like particle searches performed in the lab- oratory. Such chameleons may couple to both photons and matter with different coupling strengths. We discuss the exciting possibility of searching for these dark energy candidates in quantum vacuum experiments - in particular for the GammeV experiment at Fermilab. 1 Introduction Without doubt, one of the most riveting problems of modern physics is the cosmological con- stant problem. The remarkable observation that the universe is accelerating in its expansion has pushed theorists to propose ever more creative theories while at the same time pushing ob- servational cosmologists to probe the detailed nature of so-called Dark Energy with increasingly sophisticated equipment and techniques. In this short article, based on a talk given at the IV th Patras Workshop, we will discuss one of the many Dark Energy models that is perhaps most compelling because of the predictions it makes for non-cosmological experiments. So-called chameleon models [1] can be tested both in space and in the laboratory in varied instantiations. These complementary probes allow us to learn about a dark energy model without any cosmological measurements within the settings of experiments that are all designed for other purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Detecting Solar Chameleons Through Radiation Pressure
    Physics Letters B 739 (2014) 167–173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Detecting solar chameleons through radiation pressure a,b, c,d e d,f g,h S. Baum ∗, G. Cantatore , D.H.H. Hoffmann , M. Karuza , Y.K. Semertzidis , A. Upadhye i, K. Zioutas b,j a Uppsala Universitet, Box 516, SE 75120, Uppsala, Sweden b European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Gèneve, Switzerland c Università di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy d INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy e Institut für Kernphysik, TU-Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany f Phys. Dept. and CMNST, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, Rijeka, Croatia g Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea h Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea i Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA j University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Light scalar fields can drive the accelerated expansion of the universe. Hence, they are obvious dark Received 18 September 2014 energy candidates. To make such models compatible with tests of General Relativity in the solar system Received in revised form 19 October 2014 and “fifth force” searches on Earth, one needs to screen them. One possibility is the so-called “chameleon” Accepted 24 October 2014 mechanism, which renders an effective mass depending on the local matter density.
    [Show full text]