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Recreational Craft COVERS Layout 1 Recreational_partB_ch6_11_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:04 Page 129 Appendices 129 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 130 1 Appendix 1 The International While the complete rulebook forms a Regulations for Preventing large and detailed publication, there Collisions at Sea are a number of condensed versions (COLREGs) available specifically tailored for the Appendices recreational boat user. Recreational ■ Collision avoidance rules craft operators should familiarise ■ Navigation lights themselves with some of the rules ■ Sound signals and regulations so there will be no ■ Distress signals hesitation on their part, when a ■ Life Saving signals possible risk of collision arises. ■ As a general rule, power gives The International Regulations for way to sail. But sailors must be Preventing Collisions at Sea, reasonable – don’t expect large, COLREGs, govern the interaction of less manoeuvrable vessels under vessels on the water, and apply to power to give way. all recreational craft at sea and on ■ All small craft should give large waters navigable by sea-going vessels a wide berth. vessels. The Regulations also apply ■ In narrow channels, keep to the to sections of our inland waterways. right (starboard). If plenty of distance separates two passing The Regulations govern the boats, there is no need to following: deliberately alter course to pass to ■ Response of vessel in any the right of the other boat. condition of visibility. ■ In a head-on approach to another ■ Response of vessels in sight of boat, always alter course to the one another. right (starboard) and never to the ■ Conduct of vessels in restricted left (port). visibility. ■ When two boats are crossing, the ■ Light and shapes to be carried by boat on your right (starboard) has various craft. the right of way – you should keep ■ Sound and light signals between clear, by either altering course or craft. slowing down, to pass astern of ■ Positioning of lights and shapes the other vessel. on board. ■ If you have the right of way, be ■ Frequencies of sound signals. predictable – keep your course ■ Distress signals. and speed consistent. 130 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 131 1 ■ Don’t push your luck by forcing fairway shall keep as near to the Appendices your ‘right of way’. You should do outer limit of the channel or whatever is necessary to avoid a fairway which lies on her collision. starboard side as is safe and ■ In crowded areas such as practicable; approaches to jetties, marinas ■ a vessel of less than 20 metres and moorings, be aware of other in length or a sailing vessel shall vessels manoeuvring as very not impede the passage of a often their movements can be vessel which can safely navigate unpredictable. only within a narrow channel or ■ Maintain a proper lookout at all fairway; times and in all directions. Craft ■ a vessel engaged in fishing shall under sail should regularly check not impede the passage of any the area “below” or to lee of them other vessel navigating within a where visibility is obstructed by narrow channel or fairway; the vessels sails. ■ a vessel shall not cross a narrow ■ Craft should at all times proceed channel or fairway if such at a safe speed, considering crossing impedes the passage of weather conditions, traffic a vessel that can safely navigate density, visibility, depth of only within such channel or available water and the craft’s fairway; manoeuvring qualities. ■ in a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place Collision Prevention only if the vessel to be overtaken A number of the collision has to take action to permit safe prevention rules are included passing, the vessel intending to below. overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the Narrow channels – Rule 9 appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 9 sets out requirements in the Rules; relation to the navigation of narrow ■ a vessel nearing a bend or an channels. This is particularly area of a narrow channel or important in river estuaries and fairway where other vessels may narrow buoyed channels that are be obscured by an intervening frequented by both large obstruction shall navigate with commercial vessels and particular alertness and caution recreational craft. Among the and shall sound the appropriate requirements are the following: prescribed signal; ■ a vessel proceeding along the ■ a vessel shall avoid anchoring in course of a narrow channel or a narrow channel. 131 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 132 1 Sailing Vessels – Rule 12 When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, and at risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: Appendices i. When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel that has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other. This is commonly known as the starboard rule. ii. When both vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel that is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel that is to leeward. That is the boat closest to the wind keeps out of the way of the other. iii. If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, it shall keep out of the way of the other. For the purpose of this Rule, the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried. 132 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 133 1 Head-on Situations – Rule 14 Rules 16 and 17 concern actions Appendices (a) When two power-driven by give-way and stand-on vessels are meeting on vessels respectively. In summary, reciprocal or nearly reciprocal the give-way vessel shall take early courses and at risk of collision, and substantial action to keep well each shall alter its course to clear; the stand-on vessel shall starboard and pass on the port keep its course and speed but may side of the other. take action to avoid collision if the (b) Such a situation shall be give way vessel is not acting deemed to exist when a vessel correctly. sees the other ahead or nearly ahead, and by night can see the masthead lights of the other in line or nearly in line and/or both sidelights, and by day can observe the corresponding aspect of the other vessel. (c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists, it shall assume that it Navigation Lights does exist and act accordingly. Navigation lights must be displayed on boats operating between sunset Note: For sailing vessels, see Rule and sunrise and must also be used 12. in daylight hours during periods of restricted visibility. The types of light required are determined by the boat type and their activity. They indicate the length of boat, the direction of travel or if they are anchored. Rule 20 of the Collision Crossing Situations – Rule 15 Regulations requires that lights When two power-driven vessels are prescribed shall, if carried, be crossing and at risk of collision, the exhibited from sunset to sunrise vessel that has the other on its and from sunrise to sunset in starboard side shall keep out of the restricted visibility, and may be way and shall, if circumstances exhibited in all other circumstances permit, avoid crossing ahead of the when it is deemed necessary. other vessel. 133 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 134 1 Rule 21 provides definitions of different lights. Rule 22 provides for lights to be visible at minimum ranges on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. These are summarised in the Appendices following Table. Table – Visibility of Vessel Lights Minimum light visibility (nm) for vessel length (m) (White, red, yellow, green). 50 m and Between 12 m Less than 12 m greater and 50 m Masthead 6 nm 5 nm* 2 nm Sidelight 3 nm 2 nm 1 nm Stern light 3 nm 2 nm 2 nm Towing light 3 nm 2 nm 2 nm All round light 3 nm 2 nm 2 nm *Where the length of the ship is 12 m or greater, but less than 20 m, the masthead light visibility is 3 nm. 134 Appendices_fn_Layout 1 17/10/2017 17:05 Page 135 1 Light Combinations Appendices The term “under way” in relation to a vessel is used to describe a vessel that is not at anchor or made fast to the shore or aground. D. Power-driven vessels under way shall carry a masthead light forward and a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length may carry the second A. A sailing vessel under way shall light, but is not obliged to do so. exhibit sidelights and a stern Vessels underway shall carry light. sidelights and a stern light. (From a big ship mariner’s point of view on the high seas, the vertical configuration for smaller craft needs to be considered as it lessens the possibility of obstruction by sails or the sea when the vessel is heeled. In harbours or off the coast with B. Sailing vessels may, in addition, background lights, this carry an all-round red light configuration can sometimes above a green light. lead to confusion). E. Power-driven vessels of less than 12 metres in length may, in C. A sailing vessel of less than 20 lieu of lights as in A above, carry metres in length may combine an all-round white light and sidelights and stern lights in a sidelights; the latter may be tricolour masthead light (but not combined in one lantern.
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