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Serious Tools for Serious Work For technical or application support call 1.800.44- FLUKE. ©1994 Fluke Corporation. FO. Box 9090, M/S 250E. Everett. WA, USA 98206 -9090. Canada (905) 890 -7600. Send us your "Fluke survival story" Europe (31 40) 644200. Other Countries (206) 356 -5500. and get a free meter case. All rights reserved. Ad No. 00681 FLUKE www.americanradiohistory.com Take this GIANT CIRCUIT LIBRARY for only $14.95 when you join the Electronics Engineers' Book Club® THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS -VoIs. 1 -4 by Rudolf F. Graf Hundreds of circuit ideas alphabetically arranged - from Alarm circuits to Zero crossing detector circuits! "... includes schematics for the latest electronics circuits from industry leaders.. -Popular Electronics Turn to this comprehensive circuit library for hundreds of project ideas ... valuable troubleshooting and repair tips ... and concise pinout diagrams and schematics. In each volume you'll find more than 700 electronic and integrated circuits and A 100+ circuit categories right at your fingertips $240.00 to give you ideas you Value! can use on the job or at your workbench. 3,088 total pages 4,490 total illustrations Book No. 5861488 Hardcover

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www.americanradiohistory.com Electronics NOW

Vol. 66 No. 9

fi f i\J f S E P T E M B E R 1 9 7 5

33 LOW -COST SOFTWARE FOR ELECTRONICS 37 CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR Circuit design software has been around for about 20 An early years. Depending on how elaborate the software is, you warning of the can draw a schematic, breadboard the circuit, and de- presence of sign a foil pattern for a PC board, all without ever lifting a carbon pencil. These soft- monoxide can CIRCUIT COOKBOOK: MODERN BRIDGE CIRCUITS ware packages have save your life. traditionally been - Robert Gaffigan Jr. high -priced industri- Electronicit al applications that Elecmaaares NOW were too expensive We help yea 39 OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE LOW-COST Soft pick the for most hobbyists sckenaac PROTECTOR For capture and and small business- Ele drawl Prevent costly program Burs Telco In A Box es. However, the last right for peel damage to lest yam lekpaaae 1eYER couple years have wins Oft plume Wu mime appliances that seen an influx of low - Build Your Own SIMM are always Memory Modules cost circuit -design Recycle yam aid Mummy turned on. and save a auldlei. software that's ideal- Ron Tipton Over - Under ly suited for home Voltage Monitor Protect your sensitive Maim: use and small pro- equipment Iron; sags and surges duction work. Now TELCO IN A BOX Iles easy In Mold anll II 43 the main problem is could save your me! Simulate a finding the program tlephone line that's right for you. To take the risk and mystery out of with the shopping for this software, Electronics Now has scoured Telephone the market in search of circuit -design packages $350 and Company in a less. Turn to page 33 to find out which software package Box. best suits your needs. - James E. Cicon -TJ Byers

As a service to readers, ELECTRONICS NOW publishes available plans or information relating to newsworthy products, techniques and scientific and technological developments. Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers, ELECTRONICS NOW disclaims any . responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of reader -built projects based upon or from plans or information published in this magazine. Since some of the equipment and circuitry in ELECTRONICS NOW may relate to or be covered by U.S. patents, ELECTRONICS NOW disclaims any liability for the infringement of such patents by the making, using, or selling of any such equipment or circuitry, and suggests that anyone interested in such projects consult a patent attorney. ZO ELECTRONICS NOW, (ISSN 1067-9294) September 1995. Published monthly by Gernsback Publications, Inc., 500 -B Bi- County Boulevard, Farmingdale, NY 8 11735. Second -Class Postage paid at Farmingdale, NY and additional mailing offices. Canada Post IPM Agreement No. 334103, authorized at Mississauga, Canada. One -year subscription rate U.S.A. and possessions $19.97, Canada $27.79 (includes G.S.T. Canadian Goods and Services Tax, Registration No. R125166280), all other countries $28.97. All subscription orders payable in U.S.A. funds only, via international postal money order or check drawn on a U.S.A. bank. Single copies $3.50. ©1995 by Gernsback Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to ELECTRONICS NOW, Subscription Dept., Box 55115, Boulder, CO 80321 -5115. A stamped self -address envelope must accompany all submitted manuscripts and /or artwork or photographs if their return is desired should they be rejected. We disclaim any responsibility for the loss or damage of manuscripts and /or artwork or photographs while in our possession or otherwise.

www.americanradiohistory.com S E P T E M B E R 1 J 9 5

RECYCLING MEMORY Electroida Save bucks by recycling DIP MICIVIVR memories into SIMMs. Hugo Gernsback (1884 -1967) founder - Leon W. Schmidt LARRY STECKLER, EHF, CET, MODERN BRIDGE CIRCUITS Editor -in -chief and publisher holds an honored The bridge circuit EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT place in the history of electronic BRIAN C. FENTON, editor instrumentation. MARC SPIWAK, associate editor NEIL SCLATER, associate editor Ray Marston - TERI SCADUTO, assistant editor JEFFREY K. HOLTZMAN computer editor ROBERT GROSSBLATT, circuits editor LARRY KLEIN, audio editor E,PA':,. DAVID LACHENBRUCH contributing editor DON LANCASTER rt VIDEO NEWS contributing editor EVELYN ROSE, editorial assistant What's new in this fast -changing field. - David Lachenbruch ART DEPARTMENT ANDRE DUZANT, art director RUSSELL C. TRUELSON, illustrator

EQUIPMENT REPORTS PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT RUBY M. YEE, production director Sescom CT-6 Cable Tester Kit. KAREN S. BROWN advertising production KATHRYN R. CAMPBELL production assistant HARDWARE HACKER KEN COREN An all- channels FM transmitter, desk top production and more. - Don Lancaster CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT JACQUELINE P. CHEESEBORO circulation director COMPUTER CONNECTIONS THERESA LOMBARDO circulation assistant How to solve your PC problems. - Jeff Holtzman REPRINT DEPARTMENT MICHELE TORRILLO reprint bookstore

AUDIO UPDATE Typography by Mates Graphics 134 by David Loewy An audio connector overview. Cover design - Franklin J. Miller Electronics Now is indexed in Applied Science & Technology Index, and Read- ers Guide to Periodical Literature, Acade- mic Abstracts. and Magazine Article Sum- maries. Microfilm & Microfiche editions are avail- A N D able. Contact circulation department for details.

Advertising Sales Offices listed on page 160. WHAT'S NEWS NEW LITERATURE Electronics Now Executive and Administrative Offices 1- 516- 293 -3000. Q&A BUYER'S MART Subscriber Customer Service: 1- 800 -288 -0652. Entry for New Subscribers: LETTERS Order 12 iOt ADVERTISING SALES 1- 800 -999 -7139. OFFICES NEW PRODUCTS ADVERTISING INDEX Audit Bureau of Circulations Member 3

www.americanradiohistory.com I f ' ,1J A REVIEW OF THE LATEST HAPPENINGS IN ELECTRONICS

Lead vs. hydrocarbon emissions The manufacturers of electric vehicles and the batteries for those vehicles recently took a bashing from a report issued by Carnegie Mellon University. The report suggested that the contaminants released by the production and recycling of the necessary lead -acid batteries for powering the cars posed more of a threat to the envi- ronment than the emissions from gasoline powered vehicles. THE GM IMPACT PROTOTYPE elctric vehicle. But now the Electric Vehicle Association of the Americas of electric cars (127,000) needed to for vehicles, such as fuel cells and (EVAA) has stuck back by refuting meet the EPA zero- emission -vehi- flywheels. Carnegie Mellon's methodology cle mandates by the year 2000, To cap off its brief, EVAA and findings. EVAA's 13 -page tech- which now apply in three states. zapped Carnegie Mellon for failing Meal brief entitled "Environmental The brief asserts that the exist- to recognize that most lead for car Impacts of Lead -Acid Batteries in ing inventory of lead -acid batteries batteries is obtained from recycled Electric Vehicles" declares that the for the 188 million cars, trucks, and lead products, and that modern Carnegie Mellon study was seri- buses now on the road in the U.S. lead recycling is essentially a ously flawed and led to misleading dwarfs all reasonable projections of closed -cycle, pollution -free conclusions. increases that would be related to process. EVAA points out that crucial electric vehicles. It reasoned that calculations in the report were even if each of those 127,000 man- based on incorrect technical data dated electric cars were powered by that was derived from General 27 lead -acid batteries (the comple- Smart cash cards Motor's electric- powered Impact ment of an Impact), those 3.4 mil- proliferate car. That mistake set off an alarm- lion batteries would only represent ing series of miscalculations and less than 2% of all the lead -acid Many Europeans have become unsubstantiated "guesstimating," batteries now in cars in this coun- accustomed to paying for toll calls adding "Those inaccuracies were try from public telephones with smart compounded by the study's presen- The EVAA refutation declares cards containing an embedded tation of conflicting data in text that the Carnegie Mellon report microprocessor that deducts value and charts." failed to take into account the from the card as the caller speaks. The EVAA report goes on to probability that future electric cars The prepaid cards are purchased in state that the Carnegie Mellon will include more advanced batter- local shops in various denomina- study grossly exaggerated the pro- ies that contain less lead than tions, and they can be used as many jections of the electric vehicle pop- today's products, and that materials times as it takes for the calling ulation just to exaggerate their other than lead can be substituted charges to equal the card's purchase environmental impact. It said that for electrodes. Moreover, the brief price. This form of digital smart the projection of 10 million electric said no mention was made of other card has has now been upgraded cars is nearly 80 times the number possible forms of electrical storage Continued on page 10

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www.americanradiohistory.com J1rU ]'1 r!i1 WHATS NEW IN THE FAST -CHANGING VIDEO INDUSTRY

BY DAVID LACHENBRUCH

2- million players in the first year of and up. TI, however, is hoping that DVD Recordable sales. Because of the decline in the a consumer version can sell at "I'he battle over standards for value of yen, however, Thomson is around $2700, placing it at a popu- the higher density CD -known in now hedging its earlier prediction lar projection -TV price. shorthand as the digital videodisc that they will retail at $499 from The advantages of DMD, as (DVD) -is intensifying, with both the start. summarized by TI, are as follows: proponent groups calling for a sin- DMDs can be fabricated on stan- gle system, but neither willing to dard semiconductor production give an inch. As reported here equipment. The system is all -digi- (Electronics Now, August 1995), the Sony's "Micromirror" tal and thus will be completely two systems, developed by projector compatible with digital broadcast- Sony /Philips and Toshiba /Time ing, requiring no digital -to- analog Warner are mutually incompatible, In a three -year project, Sony has conversion. It displays a complete and both are being urged not only built a prototype high-definition frame at a time, without interlaced as the next generation of video disc projection -TV system using the scan, thereby eliminating flicker. but as extremely high -capacity Digital Micromirror Display The picture is sharper and crisper, CD -ROMs for computers. The (DMD) technology developed by without blooming or color fringing two systems are identified as Texas Instruments. Although nei- characteristic of shadow mask Multimedia CD (MMCD) and ther company is talking about the tubes. The colors are mixed digital- Super Density (SD), respectively. subject, it seems likely that Sony ly for exact control and don't Struggling to compensate for eventually will produce a line of depend on phosphors. Brightness SD's endorsements by movie com- Micromirror projection sets for can be much greater than CRT- panies and consumer -electronics industrial, commercial, and con- type projectors because an external manufacturers, MMCD has been sumer use. light source is used. The system has pushing for backing by computer TI calls DMD a "digital light square pixels for computer compat- companies, but at our press time switch." Each DMD has an array of ibility. Lower gain screens can be had received the endorsement only hundreds of thousands of alu- used, eliminating the directionality of Gateway 2000, the big direct - minum mirrors fabricated on a sili- characteristic of CRT systems. marketing PC manufacturer. Now con chip 5,8 -inch square. Each tiny Consumer versions of DMD there is reliable information that mirror represents one pixel. When projectors could be available within the MMCD group will soon pro- a voltage is applied to a mirror, it two years, according to some man- pose a recordable version of pivots slightly, reflecting light from ufacturers. The timing depends on MMCD for introduction as early as an external light source through a the completion of accelerated life 1997. The MMCD -R/E (for projection lens onto a screen. tests, which TI says have proven a "record/erase ") extension will use When in the "off" state, light five -year life span and should be phase- change recording technolo- reflected from the mirror doesn't able to guarantee the 10 -year life gy, with magneto -optical recording enter the lens. Projectors may use span required by consumer prod- as an optional method. The SD from one to three DMDs, with res- ucts by this fall. group has already indicated that olution as high as 1280x1024 pix- phase -change recordability is in its els. The high -definition system future. built by Sony and was designed to 42 -inch plasma TV Meanwhile, Thomson Consum- represent the ultimate system- er Electronics says that it plans to from which more simple systems Last month we reported that launch the video version of DVD at could be devised. Mitsubishi is planning to use plas- the May 1996 Consumer Elec- Three other companies are ma displays in its large -screen TVs tronics Show in Orlando under its preparing to produce non -con- as early as next year. Now Fujitsu is RCA, GE, and ProScan brands. sumer commercial versions of setting up a factory in Japan to The company is forecasting sales of DMD projectors, to sell at $5000 Continued on page 10

www.americanradiohistory.com r '11 READERS QUESTIONS, EDITORS ANSWERS

cuit we breadboarded and tested. You may need to add some OP -AMP ANTENNA In your situation, there are two traps to cut out the signals of AMPLIFIER? problems to be solved: impedance strong local stations as shown in matching and isolation. The the schematic. In fact, the overall I have a long -wire antenna that I impedance of a random -wire noise level in your receiver will would like to share among several antenna at broadcast -band fre- probably be lower after you add recei `ers. Given the wide bandwidth quencies will be several kilohms, a them, even if you weren't aware of and high input impedance of FET- poor match for the 50 -ohm input a problem. You can make each trap input -type op -amps (TL071/2/4 for of a receiver. Also, the inputs of out of any coil and capacitor that example), could I use an op -amp as an multiple receivers can't be con- resonate at the desired frequency.

To CUSTOMIZED REMOTE TQ,qps POR sT.?orYG //44 /0011. REGEmr,,Q LOGAL- GAO L5 S/ ¡, O ANT C /F NEE'.,OEQ 7 7tOS41 (- 9G/VO CONTROL t9 o.00/uF 1 , 05z/zF I need a TV remote control for / arthritic hands and fingers, one with /0 1.2 pp- 0./ /DOl (RECé/u2 larger buttons or rocker type volume r.4054, ` OANT' // / 4 and channel switches. Can you give .2 rhs. oo/ Q6N0 GrF 1 me a diagram with the parts and val- /OOk If ues to construct one with just on -off; channel change, volume, and mut- ing?-H. DeKeyser, Lake Elsinore, CA

Start by buying a universal remote control at a discount store.

FIG. 1 -TL054 OR TL074 HIGH -FREQUENCY OP -AMP distributes broadcast - That will give you the ICs, LEDs, band signals to several receivers. and other support circuitry ready- made. Then mount it in your own impedance buffer for the broadcast nected directly to a single antenna, enclosure and hard -wire your own band (535-1620 kHz) to fan out or they'll detune each other. switches for the functions you one antenna to feed the 50 -ohm The circuit solves both prob- need, and leave out all the rest. inputs of multiple receivers? -S. A. lems. The first op -amp overcomes This is an approach that hob- Jensen, Brooklyn, N.Y. the impedance mismatch, streng- byists should consider for lots of thening the signal greatly even projects- instead of building

Ane about to say "of course though it has no voltage gain. The something from scratch, modify a '1 we tried it! A few years rest of the op -amps feed the sig- readily available consumer item. ago, it would have been absurd to nals to the separate receivers. We It's cheaper! use an op -amp for RF signals -the used a Texas Instruments TL054 frequency response would be inad- op -amp, but the TL074 would equate and there would be too work just as well. (Not the TL084, much noise. Today, however, there though.) No low -pass filter is CACHE MYSTERY are good low -noise op -amps needed because the gain of these I recently installed 256K of external usable at frequencies of several op -amps drops off sharply above 2 cache RAM in my Leading Edge com- megahertz. Figure 1 shows a cir- or 3 MHz. puter' and now, although I can still

www.americanradiohistory.com boot DOS, Windows will not load. If I dis- Howard W. Sams & Co., 1- 800 -428- llOfCÌO° able the cache, Windows will load proper- 7267. ly. Do I have to set up Windows to recog- As for user groups, there's a thriv- nize the cache or is there something wrong ing Tandy forum on the Internet in with my computer? -R. Van Workum, the newsgroup comp.sys.tandy. Also, Laton, CA we're publishing reader Fuesting's complete address so that TRS -80 is a small amount of spe- Model 4 enthusiasts can contact him. cial, fast memory into which the com- FREE CATALOG TOOLS & TEST EQUIP- puter puts a copy of whatever it is MENT -This new full -color catalog is reading from the real RAM. When ATING A BATTERY packed with hundreds of products for test- executing a program, the CPU often ing, repairing, and assembling electronic reads the same small area of RAM like to have a circuit that will equipment. Featured: brand -name instruments such as Fluke, Tektronix, Weller, 3M, repeatedly, and by fetching instruc- n a 12 -volt automotive battery Loctite, Chemtronics, BK Precision and tions from the cache instead of from fully charged without overcharging it.- tools, sup- much more. DMMs, hand power RAM, it is able to run faster. Windows J. C. Farley, Landover, MD. plies, tool kits, test equipment, cleaners, adhesives, ESD protection and more. Prod- doesn't require any special setup to use ucts are guaranteed and service is prompt. a cache. In fact, software should not called float -charging. To float - Get your Free catalog today! CONTACT even be able to tell whether the cache chargea 12 -volt lead -acid battery, all EAST 335 Willow St., No. Andover, MA exists. you need is an accurately regulated 01845. (508) 682-2000, or fax (508) 688 -7829. The first thing you should do is 13.8 -volt power supply (such as Radio CIRCLE 55 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD replace the cache RAM chip; it's prob- Shack's No. 22 -120, or one of your ably defective. If it checks out OK, and own design). all your DOS applications run proper- You could connect the power sup- Yours for only ly, the next step would be to start ply directly to the battery, but it's safer $350 Windows with the command "win /b." to make the connection through a Prices includes That tells Windows to create a file couple of 12 -volt, 1 -amp automotive shipping! called BOOTLOG.TXT describing every step it when through when starting up. That will at least tell you what HAVE A THOUSAND YUCKS FOR ONLY part of Windows is running into the THREE AND A HALF BUCKS! That comes to one -third of a cent per laugh. Electronics problem. You might be able to de- RADIO TRANS-, Comics is a compilation of over 125 riotous, MtTTE install a device driver to clear up the oTNbQ outrageous and phenomenal cartoons that oR

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Step by step, you learn to create the kinds of full- Address featured, powerful programs today's 9 employers and clients demand...even k'1 S-IXIi6., City/State/Zip Accredited Member, National Home Study Council 1900 -0995 multimedia programs! www.americanradiohistory.com WHAT'S NEWS Industry's fastest VIDEO NEWS continued from page 4 continued from page 6 1 -Mb SRAM from simply prepaying phone calls to make 42 -inch thin plasma displays. the rank of a full fledged electronic A high -speed CMOS memory IC The company plans to offer plasma cash card. from IBM makes it possible to access TV sets in sizes from 20 to 100 inches The telephone digital smart card is its contents in 2.5 nanoseconds (ns)- diagonally starting in 1997, when inserted into a slot in special public the time it takes a beam of light to Japan is scheduled to start commercial telephone that deducts value from the travel a meter. This makes it the HDTV broadcasts, under its Fujitsu card. Fumbling for the right change fastest 1- megabit synchronous static General brand in Japan. The company to make the call is eliminated as is the random -access memory (SRAM) in believes sets smaller than 20 inches aggravation of searching for addition- production. It is intended for will continue to use standard CRTs, al coins to "feed the box" if the call PowerPCs and other high- perfor- while those bigger than 100 inches exceeds the minimum toll. The cards mance RISC -based servers and work- will be projection sets. are especially convenient for children stations with speeds up to 200 MHz. Fujitsu's factory will start produc- and visually handicapped persons. As central processing units (CPU) ing 42 -inch displays next year and Now both American and speed up, a workstation's memory plans to turn out 20,000 monthly to European companies are expanding must be able to keep pace in supplying start. The company already sells 21- that concept into what have been it data. The advanced CMOS SRAMs inch displays for monitors, and has called electronic "purse" cards for permit workstation cache memories to sold some plasma TV sets, but sales making all kinds of payments. The match the speed of the CPU, signifi- are limited by current high prices - card's current value is digitally stored cantly enhancing performance. Two nearly 1,000,000 yen in Japan, the on the card itself. Store clerks will use 1 -MB SRAMs can form a 256 Kbyte equivalent of almost $12,000. a smart -card terminal to deduct the cache memory in a 200 -MHz system. amount of each purchase. The new IBM SRAMs provide Last July two large British banks, enhanced data throughput in synchro- Two -program VCR National Westminster and Midland, nous pipeline or flowthru operations, began testing Mondex, a card that reduced signal noise with low -voltage Hitachi has introduced a VCR in "stores" cash. Mondex cards are TTL I/O level compatibility; and a Japan that can record two programs favored by merchants for making self-timed late -write feature that simultaneously. The recorder is com- small purchases because they do not allows consecutive read and write patible with standard VHS tapes in have to install a telephone link to a cycles. The 32 Kbit X 36 and 64 Kbit the single- program mode. For two - central computer. This card's draw- X 18 organizations minimize device program recording, the deck records back is that, unlike a credit card, los- count and optimize cache size. both programs side by side in a stan- ing the card is like losing cash. dard 58- micron helical track, using a MasterCard International, Visa 25- micron head to record one pro- International, and Bank of America ISCET receives White gram and a 19- micron head for the are also developing electronic cash other. The recorder has eight video cards. MasterCard's smart card com- House recognition heads and two stereo audio heads. bines electronic cash with existing President Clinton congratulated Two models have been introduced in credit or debit cards. Visa will test its The International Society of Certified Japan -one permitting simultaneous cards at the Summer Olympics in Electronics Technicians ( ISCET) on playback of both programs, either Atlanta next year. Electronic Payment its 25th anniversary. Founded in July side -by -side or picture-in- picture. Services expects to test an electronic of 1970, ISCET will celebrate its 25th Hitachi hasn't indicated whether it cash card in Delaware in automated anniversary at the National Prof- will offer the two- program recorder in teller machines next July. essional Electronics Convention, July the U.S., but it has introduced two The Microsoft Corporation plans 31 to August 5, in Arlington, Virginia. unique video -recording products to enter the electronic cash field. It is ISCET-certified technicians reside here. A Hi8 camcorder has a detach- working with semiconductor manu- in all 50 states, and 41 territories and able shirt pocket -sized camera head facturers to develop a card for use by foreign countries. It is expected that that is attached by cable to the unit's banks that would underwrite the pay- the 40,000th technician will be certi- body and can be used up to 21 feet ments programmed into the card. fied before the end of 1995. The cer- away. The camera head is waterproof, The card is intended to replace cash tification program has given so it can be lowered from a boat for with digital money that would be consumers confidence that ISCET underwater photography, for example, stored on the card and then be spent certified technicians have the knowl- while the main part of the camcorder for small purchases not unlike the edge, training, and experience needed remains high and dry on deck. The prepaid meal tickets that were com- to perform their service work reliably camcorder also includes a 4 -inch LCD 10 mon a half century ago. and professionally. monitor. 133

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meter leads can be standard prod- DANGEROUS METER SHUNTS VALUES ucts of any convenient length. TABLE 1- RESISTOR The use of No. 20 copper wire LEWIS E GARBER 5% 10% 20% to make a 50- ampere meter shunt, Duarte, CA as suggested in the May 1995 10 10 10 "Q &A," is an invitation to disaster. With regard to the May 1995 11 It is likely that the shunt would "Q &A," the response to Steve 12 12 vanish in a flash of blue vapor and Baumfalk's question was mislead- 13 the meter would be destroyed. ing. A No. 20 wire shunt for carry- 15 15 15 16 Calculated values of fusing cur- ing 50 amperes would be a 18 18 rent are only approximations, dangerous mistake; that wire would 20 because the actual value is affected burn out in seconds! A No. 20 cop- 22 18 18 by such factors as ambient temper- per wire should not be trusted to 24 ature, air circulation, variations in carry more than about 5 amperes. 27 27 wire diameter, and heat conduction The National Electrical Code, 30 through the connecting leads. written to promote safe installa- 33 33 33 36 The calculated fusing currents tions in house wiring, requires at 39 39 for No. 20 and No. 22 copper wire least a No. 6 wire -and that is for 43 are 58.4 and 41.2 amperes, respec- conductors in conduits. But this 47 47 47 tively, so substituting the smaller emphasizes the differences in cur- 51 wire would certainly prove disas- rent- carrying ability between No. 6 56 56 trous. Even if it didn't self destruct, and No. 20 wire. 62 68 the shunt would run so hot that the I would obtain resistance wire, 68 68 75 meter readings would be unreli- ribbon, rod, or a standard shunt 82 82 able. Moreover, soldered connec- modified for that value. Fasten the 91 tions would probably melt. calculated length into solid blocks The 50- ampere load device or lugs with separate take -offs for itors in a radio or television set, but whose current is to be measured the meter leads. Then trim the cal- components have become more would have, if it conformed to ibration with a series resistor, per- standardized since then. A code, leads of No. 10 wire or larg- haps even an adjustable resistor, 0.047 -11F capacitor should be er- perhaps No. 8 or No. 6. The and calibrate it against an ammeter specified in those applications. shunt should be of comparable size. of known accuracy. It is always useful to remind The one -foot length of No. 10 DWIGHT EGGLESTON authors and readers (especially copper would have the resistance of Hendersonville, NC those now learning the basics of 0.001 ohm required by the exam- electronics), that resistors, capaci- ple. tors, and most fixed inductors are The shunt should be located available only in standard values. STANDARD VALUE COMPO- near the load, and sturdy mechani- As a rule, there are six standard cal binding posts, rather than sol- NENTS ONLY values per decade for components der joints, would be more suitable with 20% tolerances, 12 standard for the load connections. The In the future, please do not values per decade for 10% compo- meter leads should be connected specify non -standard values for nents, and 24 standard values per inboard of the current leads, as components! I am referring to the decade for 5% tolerances. shown in Fig. 3 on page 10 of the Headphone Amplifier and Audio Capacitor manufacture offers May issue. Chip described in the June 1995 one exception to this rule. Just Only the distance between the "Q &A." because a capacitor is marked 5%, meter leads is effective in calculat- Forty years ago it was possible you should not conclude that there ing the length of the shunt. The to find 0.04 -µF or 0.05 -µF capac- are 23 other capacitor values per

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www.americanradiohistory.com E A R N Y O U R decade. Capacitor manufacturers con- fine themselves to six values per B.S. DEGREE decade (and there are even exceptions to that rule deviation). This holds even if they offer a 10 %, 5 %, or even 2% COMPUTERS tolerance. Most capacitors are placed in RC circuits, and designers typically select FIG 2 -TIMER LOAD ELECTRONICS the capacitor first before selecting a resistor that can be trimmed to the output that is identical to the one desired RC value. Thus, there is no shown in the "Q &A "column, yet only demand for both capacitors and resis- one 555 is needed. Moreover, there tors in a full range of values. are no annoying duty-cycle "jumps" Table 1 lists standard 5 %, 10 %, and near the 100% on setting. 20% values. Remember that the table To give the appearance of 100% on represents only one decade, meaning to 100% off operation as Jan request- that 2.2 -, 22 -, and 220 -ohm, 2.2 -, 22 -, ed, simply insert an integrator and 220 -kilohm, 2.2- megohm, etc. between the timer and the load. resistors are available. Potentiometers Figure 2 shows an LED as the load j are typically available in only three with a capacitor acting as an integrator By Studying at Home values per decade: 10, 20, and 50. to give the illusion of 100% on to You might be embarassed by asking 100% off operation. The load could Grantham College of Engineering, for a 40- kilohm resistor at your local also be a solid -state relay (AC DC) now in our 45th year, is highly experi- or enced in "distance education " - teaching electronics retail store because you controlling a high -power device. by correspondence- through printed won't find one there. Control a lamp that way if you materials, computer materials, fax, DEAN HUSTER, INSTRUCTOR want a flashing light. By reducing the modem, and phone. Francis Tuttle Advanced Technology values of the timing and integrating No commuting to class. Study at Center capacitors (to eliminate flicker), you your own pace, while continuing on your Oklahoma City, OK can make a fancy light dimmer! present job. Learn from easy -to- WILLIAM M. MILLER JR. understand but complete and thorough lesson materials, with additional help North Dartmouth, MA from our instructors. VARIABLE DUTY-CYCLE TIMER Our Engineering Technology B.S. Degree Program is available in either of In the June 1995 "Q &A" column, Jan EASY DOES IT two options: Janowski asked for a variable duty- (1) The B.S.E.T. with Major Em- cycle timer with a fixed period of Larry Klein deserves a lot of praise for phasis in Electronics, OR approximately 45 seconds. Q &A's his simple cable tester design that (2) The B.S.E.T. with Major Em- answer implied that this was difficult appeared the April 1995 "Audio phasis in Computers. Our Computer Science B.S. Degree for a single 555 IC timer. Update." Even with 29 years of expe- Program leads to the B.S.C.S. -the The circuit shown in Fig. 1 gives an rience in electronic servicing, I am still Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. looking for ways to make my work An important part of being pre- easier. pared to move up is holding the right I maintain an audio -visual system college degree, and the absolutely neces- on a U.S. military base in Germany. sary part is knowing your field. The air conditioning system in the Grantham can help you both ways -to is quite loud, I have learn more and to earn your degree in auditorium so dif- the process. ficulty hearing the beeper on my digi- Write or phone for our free catalog. N.G. tal multimeter when I am testing Toll free, 1- 800 -955 -2527, or see cables. The beeper is just not loud mailing address below. enough to be heard over the background noise. This made it impossible Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the for me to test a long cable by myself. Distance Education and Mr. Klein's cable tester equipped Training Council with a Sonalert brand alarm produces a sound that is loud enough to over- GRANTHAM come the background noise. College of Engineering RICHARD J. MOLBY, Grantham College Road WB7NZG /DAIDB

14 Slidell, LA 70460 FIG 1 -CYCLE TIMER HQ. USAREUR/7A, Germany

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j\j] U U] F i R! PORT $ SESCOM CT -6 CABLE TESTER KIT

The CT -6 tests cables with up to three conductors. (There are only This tester will verify that three conducters in a five -pin MIDI cable.) The tester has a row of three all ofyour cables momentary pushbutton switches on are in good condition. its top panel with an indicator LED built into each switch. The CIRCLE 15 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD switches break connections between the two ends of a cable when pressed. The LED above each switch should turn off when the et's say that you have spent Henderson, NV 89015, 800 -634- switch is pressed, indicating the dis- L the better part of the day set- 3457, 702 -565 -4828) is a compact continuity. If an LED doesn't turn ting up audio equipment for a band matchbox sized instrument that will off, this is an indication that there is that will be playing in a few hours make short work of testing all dif- a short circuit in the cable under and you have found that some part ferent kinds of cable. The top cover test. of the system is not functioning of the CT -6 contains a matrix of All of the jacks and plug are sol- properly. pairs of standard jacks including 3.5 dered directly to one of two PC Mentally you run through a mm mini stereo, RCA, F, BNC, boards within the CT -6. This checkoff list of what could be XLR, 1/4 -inch stereo, and five -pin makes building the tester easier and wrong. High up on that list is the MIDI. less time consuming. It also elimi- condition of the interconnecting To test a cable, you plug each nates a lot of internal wiring that cables. Could there be a fault in one end of it into a matching jack on the could cause of problems by them- of them? Do you have time to tester and, depending on the con- selves and this form of construction check out all the cables to identify figuration of the cable, up to three makes the CT -6 an extremely the fault before show time? LEDs will light to indicate that rugged unit for use in the field as Any intermittent cables- audio, there is continuity in the cable. well as on the lab bench. video, or RF -can cause trouble, Cables and their connectors should The CT -6 is packaged in a and it doesn't matter if the system is be wiggled and flexed while testing rugged, modern, black- anodized for a professional show or for a them to screen out any that might aluminum case that measures only home entertainment system. A be making connections only when 51/2 x 33/4 x 21/2 inches. It is tough cable with an intermittent fault not subject to mechanical or ther- enough to stand up to a lot of might behave well when you set up mal stress. abuse. The top panel is clearly the equipment initially, with the With the exception of the XLR labeled with silk- screened white let- fault developing some time later on jacks, where one is male and the tering. The side panels of the case during the performance or video other is female, all other jacks on extend above the height of the top playback. the CT -6 are female. Thus any surfaces of the jacks to protect them Testing each cable before it is cables terminated with jacks will in the event that a flat heavy object connected can eliminate problems require an adapter. Unfortunately, is dropped on it or if the instrument once it's installed in a system. But if you want to test cables whose should accidentally fall to the floor. checking the integrity of a lot of plugs or jacks don't match any of Four rubber feet on the bottom of cables can be time-consuming unless the connectors on the CT -6, you the case prevent the unit from slid- you have specialized test equipment must purchase or make adapters for ing around on the benchtop when it that will simplify the task. them. However, with satisfactory is being used. adapters, you can test unusual or Easy cable tester uncommon cables with up to three Build it from a kit The CT -6 cable tester from conductors just as quickly and easily A really attractive feature of the Sescom, Inc. (2100 Ward Drive, as standard cables. CT-6 cable tester is its low price of

www.americanradiohistory.com only $50 for a kit that includes the assembled case. Four slotted corner How to use the CT -6 aluminum case. But building the kit rails, which mount to the side panels Pop the two AA cells into the should be fun and the results will be with screws, hold the top, bottom, holder in the back panel and it's ready satisfactory even for relatively inexpe- and side panels in place. for use. The instrument has no power rienced hobbyists if they follow the Our CT -6 should have worked switch. To test a cable, simply plug directions carefully. The kit includes immediately after we finished it, but it the cable into the appropriate jacks all of the components, circuit board, didn't. After investigation we noticed and that turns the CT -6 on. The solder, and even a pair of fresh batter- that an unused screw-on steel collar number of LED lamps that will light ies. However if you don't have the from one of the jacks was lodged depends on the construction of the time or would rather just purchase the inside another jack. It was only after cable under test, typically two or cable tester complete, a fully assem- checking and rechecking the boards three conductors. The pushbutton bled and tested CT -6 is priced slight- for the usual solder shorts, and then below each LED on the panel should ly higher at $89. peering inside each jack that the turn the LED off; if it doesn't turn To build the CT -6, you install the unwanted interference was noticed off, suspect a short circuit. Flex the jacks and switches on two small PC and removed. The moral of this story cable throughout its length to see if boards and solder three small preis that little details can sometimes trip that has any effect on the integrity of formed jumper wires in place. The up even the most experienced elec- the connection. two boards are interconnected with a tronics hobbyists. It is our view that those who regu- flexible multiconductor cable, which The CT -6 worked fine after that. larly install cables in their daily work offers higher reliability than if indi- We can't blame anyone but ourselves can avoid having to track down faulty vidual wires were used to make the for not noticing the problem sooner. ones by testing them first with the connections. Even if the construction manual had CT-6. It is clearly a useful addition to The PC boards mount securely to included one of those boring boiler- your bench tools or field repair kit. the front panel. A battery holder plate paragraphs "carefully inspect all Considering the cabe testers reason- snaps into the back panel of the cable the components before doing any able price, exceptional versatility, and tester and two wires are solderd assembly" we (like many other hobby- extreme durability, we strongly rec- between it and one of the PC boards ists) probably would have ignored it. ommend the CT-6 as a test tool that on the panel. The top and bottom But don't let our experience put you will come in handy for many years to panels then slide into a partially off building the CT -6! come.

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www.americanradiohistory.com Just like these Graduate with an Associate Fully Trained Electronics Degree from CIE! Professionals CIE is the best educational career skills. Each lesson is value you can receive if you designed to take you step - want to learn about by -step and principle -by- \1934; electronics, and earn a good principle. And while all of income with that knowledge. CIEs lessons are designed electronics. And every CIE CIE's reputation as the world for independent study, CIE's Course earns credit towards leader in home study instructors are personally the completion of your "Thanks to CIE I have tripled my previous available to you with Associate in Applied Science salary, and 1 am now in a challenging and electronics is based solely assist rewarding new field where only the sky is on the success of our just a toll free call. The result Degree. So you can work the limit." graduates. And we've is practical training... the kind toward your degree in stages Daniel Wade Reynolds or as fast as you wish. In fact, Industrial Electrician earned our reputation with of experience you can put to is Ore-Ida Foods an unconditional commit- work in today's marketplace. CIE the only school that ment to provide our students actually rewards you for fast with the very best electronics LEARN BY DOING...WITH study, which can save you training. STATE -OF-THE -ART money. Just ask any of the EQUIPMENT AND 1,ITED 150,000 -plus graduates of TRAINING. oG4 the Cleveland Institute of CIE pioneered the Electronics who are working first Electronics in high -paying positions with Laboratory Ú "CIE was recommended to me by my boss. aerospace, computer, was appealing since I could study at my own pace at home and during business medical, automotive and r' > ravel." communications firms Dan Parks throughout the world. ,és -t/e" OL E gT Marketing Manager/Consumer Products They'll tell you Analog Devices, Inc. success vY # didn't come easy...but it did come...thanks to their é' CIE training. And today, a career in electronics offers more rewards than ever before.

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to be powered from a 50 to 60-Hz MULTIMEDIA MONITORS. source of 90 to 264 -volt AC. The monitors conform to VGA, SVGA, NEW 15- AND 17 -INCH ture size, geometry, and color to be XGA, Mac, and VESA standards, multimedia monitors from Pana- customized. This permits the indi- as well as the EPA's Energy Star sonic Communications & Systems vidual adjustment of the monitor's guidelines. The monitors are certi- include compact stereo speakers red and blue color guns. Color fied for MPR II low magnetic radi- and a microphone. The key specifi- temperature adjustment permits ation. cations for PanaMedia 15 and 17 screen image color to match the PanaMedia 15 monitors are priced at $599.00 and PanaMedia 17 monitors are priced at $999.00. PANASONIC COMMUNICA- TIONS & SYSTEMS COMPANY Two Panasonic Way Secaucus, NJ 07094 Phone: 1-800-742-8086 or 201 -348 -7000

BRIEFCASE TOOL KIT. BRIEFCASE -STYLE FIELD - pack instrument and tool kits from Fieldpiece Instruments include a heavy -duty digital multimeter, several accessory heads for measuring

CIRCLE 20 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

monitors include 0.27 -mm dot printed page. Proprietary coating pitch, 1280 x 1024 resolution with reduces static electricity, screen up to 69 -kHz horizontal scan fre- glare, and reflections from the quency, and a flat, square CRT monitor for easier viewing 10-

screen. A wide tilt- swivel angle The speakers project only 114- CIRCLE 21 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD stand is supplied. inch on each side of the monitor. " A dome speaker system in the The high -sensitivity, unidirectional environmental variables, and test monitor produces sound that is microphone, located in the center leads in a nine- pocket, briefcase- directed to the front of the monitor of the lower chassis, can voice -acti- style nylon case. The fieldpacks through acoustic ducts and project- vate software and initiate video allow field service technicians to ed through micro-hole speaker teleconferencing and audio - carry all of the hand tools and grilles. Because the sound is pro- recording devices. Two jacks are instruments they will need to com- jected very close to the CRT, sound provided for optional headphones plete a wide variety of tasks with localization is enhanced. and an additional microphone. them, and will leave their hands The monitor's icon -based, on- An auto -switching universal free for other things. screen display menu permits pic- power supply permits the monitors Continued on page 29 20

www.americanradiohistory.com Get a sample of reality.

Looking for analog confidence in a digital High -end digital features. Each model

oscilloscope? Tektronix' TDS 350 sets the features over 20 automatic measurements.

standard with Digital Real Time. Its Continuous update for hands -free oper- incredible one gigasample/

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ONE POINT CAPTURED. Select peak detect SING' -E EVENT CAPTURE USING EQUIVALENT TIME SAMPLING. for slow events, or 20 MS /s 100 MHz DSO. push the scope to

its full 200 MHz bandwidth - while REAL LIFE CAPTURE. SINGLE EVENT CAPTURE USING minimizing aliasing. And, ation. Four acquisition modes and video DIGITAL REAL TIME. 500 MS /s 100 MHz DSO. like the entire TDS 300 family, trigger- perfect for tailoring the display. the TDS 350 sets a new standard in And a communication option for hardcopy price /performance. There's a TDS 300 Series scope for every to most printers, or to application. And every budget. Analog look and feel. send/ receive wave- FEATURES TDS 310 TDS 320 TDS 350

The TDS 300 family is Bandwidth 50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz forms and setups.

Max Sample Rate 200 MS /s /chan 500 MS/s/chan 1 GS /s /chan simple and intuitive; Sweep Speeds 10 ns /div - 5 s /div 5 ns /div - 5 s /div 2.5 ns/div - 5 s /div Get real. For more

Channels 2 2 2 just like your trusty Vertical Sensitivity 2 mV- 10V 2 mV- 10V 2 mV- 10V real -time benefits of

Vertical Resolution 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits analog scope. Even the Record Length 1K /channel 1K /channel 1K /channel the TDS 300 family, Standard Advanced 1V Line & Field Trigger, Roll Mode, Autoset, digital interface is sim- Features 21 Automatic Measurements, Peak Detect call your authorized Comm. I/O GPIB,RS -232, Centronics and VGA video output plified with on- screen (Option 14) Tektronix distributor icons. You may never have to crack open today. Or call Tektronix at (800) 479 -4490, the instruction manual! action code 301. Tektronix

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www.americanradiohistory.com Two ways to fit a 100 MHz

Bigger hands.

Got huge hands? Then you probably don't mind lugging a benchtop scope around in the field. For the rest of us, there's TekScope; the revolutionary oscilloscope /DMM from Tektronix. It's the first hand -held to offer true 100 MHz bandwidth and a 500MS /s sample rate on each of its two channels.

www.americanradiohistory.com benchtop scope in your hand.

TekScope:

That's enough power to capture fast single -shot pulses. Plus it' s got the familiar Tek

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uq.iww 9tlrou1.

Enough said.

Call 1- 800 -426-2200 for more information on TekTools'" DMMs and the Tektronix Authorized Distributor nearest you. (At the prompt press "1 ") Tektronix 24

www.americanradiohistory.com Look

beyond -ah our SCODI Tektronix gives you an entire bench of affordable test instruments.

You know us for our oscilloscopes. (Considering we are the widely

accepted market leader, it's not surprising.) Now we've -, . nded

our vision. And it's grown to include function generators;;

timers, multimeters, power supplies, and accessories. All built

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f r o m T e k t r o n i x available to you in a comprehensive, affordable port-

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Authorized TekBench- Distributor nearest you, call 1- 800 -426 -2200.

(When prompted, press 3 and request ext. 335.)

All rights re,orcrd. Trktronis and Tnklrnrh ire, trndo nark, of Trktroni< Tnr. TIP Tektronix CIRCLE ON FREENFOpMATION CARD www.americanradiohistory.com Handheld Real -Time Color

at a Real -World Price! Now Tektronix makes it affordable.

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iii(MEER é

9tlprse,u ON ono .,ram. f t r rr ;r- )pm) 4¡ /

Great measurements from small numbers.

When you've got more questions than a DMM can answer, use the power of a TekMeter" handheld multimeter. Call 1- 800 -426 -2200 for more information and the Tektronix Authorized Distributor Tektronix nearest you. (At the prompt press "1 ") 26 01995 Tektronix Inc. Manufacturers suggested retail prices shown. DPW -5004462

www.americanradiohistory.com Faster than an analog scope. And with instant replay.

If you've ever dreamed of an other digitizing scopes hours

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of both analog and digital scopes, your wish see with an analog scope but were

has been granted. Tektronix TDS 700A TruCapture- unable to store and review later.

oscilloscopes are actually faster than the fastest The TDS 700A series gives you true representation of

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of digital technology. All at the touch of a button. rate. Plus, it's got the same familiar interface as the entire

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to this performance. In a second, it To discover how the world's fastest oscilloscope

captures glitches can help you work more efficiently, call Tektronix

that might take today at 1- 800 -426 -2200, ext. 327. Tektronixi

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www.americanradiohistory.com T O O L S T O T E S T T H E C H A N G I N G W O R L D O F C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

FlberMastor full -featured OTOR

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OUR TOOLS CAN HELP YOU TEST ANY [ WELL, ALMOST.] TYPE OF CABLE.

Whether you're dealing with coax, twisted pair or fiber, include features like dynamic waveform acquisition, automatic Tektronix has the measurement equipment to help you event analysis and one -button testing. So with our new TelScout, install, maintain and document your cable plant. for example, just select the cable type, press "test" and you'll have Our tools are unmatched for accuracy, instant results. repeatability and durability. They'll help you Whatever the cable test challenge you're facing, Tektronix can speed installation and reduce maintenance costs help. For a free catalog of all our cable test products, call us today at and network downtime. 1- 800-833 -9200. Now if you're wondering about the reliability of

But even though our instruments are highly our REPUTATION FOR SERVICE the cable above, we can only offer this advice: don't look down. AMO SUPPORT IS UNHATCHED- sophisticated, they're also easy to use. They BEFORE AND AFTER nic .

1+ 01nW, 01994 Reim* Inc. Al riMls weerwd. TeMror 1EiC RbeOwTp, Marten* and FimrSaut we repaired Oedemas and CatieScout, RbwMbr and TeMScmn are tMemarla of Tektronix, be. 22W- 10392-0 Tektronix CIRCLE 61 ON FREE INFORMATION CARO www.americanradiohistory.com Be an FCC All fieldpacks include a 300 -ampere ampere wall outlet AC to DC adapter; AC current clamp, a dual -temperature two magnetic stainless -steel carriers to LICENSED accessory with K-type thermocouples, accommodate a 50 -mm- diameter lens ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN! test leads with removable tips, an alli- and/or a 50 -mm square slide. Also gator clip, and an extra set of long included are a 6-inch high, 12 -inch probe tips. The accessory heads mea- wide plastic screen with combined X- sure temperature, AC current, DC Y-mm scales and 5 -mm grid pattern. Earn up to microamperes, and relative humidity $60 an hour When carried by its shoulder strap, 0 and more! access to any item in any pocket can be Learn at home in spare time. gained from the top. A zippered out- No previous experience needed! side pocket can hold paperwork or a No costly school. No commuting to class. notebook computer. The inside pock- The Original Home-Study course prepares you for the "FCC Commercial Radio- ets have clear plastic faces permitting telephone License." This valuable license is their contents to be seen at a glance. your professional "ticket" to thousands of The HS24K14 fieldpack includes a exciting jobs in Communications, Radio- TV, Microwave, Maritime, Radar, Avionics heavy -duty HS24 "stick" meter and and more...even start your own business! the DC microampere head. The You don't need a college degree to gratify, you do need an FCC License. HS24K15 adds the relative humidity but No Need to Quit Your Job or Go To School head and the HB73K13 includes the This proven course is easy, fast and low heavy duty HB73 DMM. The cost! GUARANTEED PASS -You get your FCC License or money refunded. Send for HB73K14 includes the relative - FREE facts now. MAIL COUPON TODAY! humidity head. Or, Call 1 -800- 932 -4268 Ext. 90 The HS24 DMM has the 12 most r COMMAND PRODUCTIONS popular measurement ranges for field FCC LICENSE TRAINING, Dept. 90 P.O. Box 2824, San Francisco, CA 94126 use. The HB73 DMM adds 18 switch CIRCLE 22 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Please rush FREE details immediately! positions and measures current up to NAME 20 amperes with a resolution down to The kit, packaged in a compact ADDRESS 0.1 microampere. case, also contains an assortment of are STATE ZIP J HS24K14 and HB73K13 field - 50 -mm lenses and mirrors, 50 -mm packs are priced at $319.00, while the square slides (including filters), dif- HS24K14 and HB73K14 fieldpacks fraction gratings, polarizers, slotted Earn $1000 are priced at $418.00 and round aperture plates, a diffuser, A Week While You Learn High FIELDPIECE INSTRUMENTS, INC. and an object slide. The instruction Paying VCR Repair. 231 East Imperial Highway, manual included describes nine exper- Suite 250 iments that introduce students to the Earn While You Learn . . . Fullerton, CA 92635 concepts of geometrical optics, optical Secrets Revealed . . . Phone: 714 - 992 -1239 instruments, the polarization of light, Train at Home Fax: 714 - 992 -6541 and diffraction gratings. If you are able to Bench work with small The ES Student Optical hand tools and pos- (Model 39,510) is priced at $250.00 sess average me- EDMUND SCIENTIFIC COMPANY chanical ability, you STUDENT OPTICAL BENCH. Department 15A1 could earn top dollar part time or full THE ES STUDENT OPTICAL C999 Edscorp Building time. Ourlearn by doing method teaches you how Bench from Edmund Scientific is a Barrington, NJ 08007 -1380 to work on VCR's without boring unnecessary scientific teaching aid for demonstrat- Phone: 609 -573 -6886 electronic basics. For Free Information Package Send Coupon to: ing all the basic principles of light Fax: 609-573 -6295 to Foley- Belsaw Institute, 6301 Equitable Road, . propagation. Experiments performed Kansas City, MO 64120 with the bench give students hands-on (Ch.d D a a` Only) Check VCR ,-, g experience in building such basic opti- or another Repair, Dept. 62358 DPM WITH LCD DISPLAY. Computer Repair, Dept. 64255 cal instruments as telescopes, micro- High Paying (0 TV/Satellite Dish, Dept. 31136 3-1/2 - Career scopes, and magnifiers in the THE DMS -30LCD -4/205 Field El Advance VCR Repair, Dept. 65049 classroom or at home. digit, digital panel meter from Datel is Camcorder Repair, Dept. 66059 ioLE9 a Repair, Dept. 67059 The basic bench includes a multi loop powered. It includes an eight - 9Eb5NUl Fax a slot meter beam with a stabilizing position DIP switch for selecting the Printer Repair, Dept. 68058 T Since 1926 Computer Programming, Dept 35084 support and a full 1000 -mm scale; a DPM's input range, zero offset, and z Name o lamphouse with a bright filament decimal -point location. No jumpers Address bulb, socket, and DIN connector. In are required. addition, it contains a 12 -volt, 1.3- The DMS- 30LCD -4/205 measures City 29 !State Zip 1

CIRCLE 184 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD www.americanradiohistory.com 2.2x0.93 inches and it has a behind the projects. It is sold with 19 acces- WAVETEK CORPORATION the pane depth of less than 1 inch. Its sories in a combined storage and car- 9145 Balboa Avenue LCD display has 0.4 -inch high char- rying case. San Diego, CA 92123 The Wahl filer /sander is priced at Phone: 619 -279 -2200 $78.95. Fax: 619 -540 -0325 WAHL CLIPPER CORPORATION P. O. Box 578 Sterling, IL 61081 WRIST WATERBED. Phone: 1-800-735-9245 WAVECO'S WATERBED FOR Your Wrists is a bar shaped pillow filled with a high- viscosity fluid that PEN -STYLE DIGITAL MULTIMETER. conforms to the user's wrists while he WAVETEK'S MODEL DM73A or she is engaged in long -duration

CIRCLE 23 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD pen -style digital multimeter is data entry on a computer keyboard. It designed for single- handed use. This is located on the desk or bench in acters. The fully self-contained DPM allows the user to concentrate on mak- is powered by a 4 to 20- milliampere ing measurements, especially in current loop, so it requires no external restricted spaces. It has a 4200 -count power supply, bypass capacitors, or display that provides users with excep- trimming potentiometers. tional accuracy and resolution for set- DMS -30LCD -4/205 DPM is priced at $74.00 in single units. DATEL, INC. 11 Cabot Blvd. Mansfield, MA 02048 Phone: 508- 339 -3000 Fax: 508- 339 -6356

FILER/SANDER. THERE ARE TIMES WHEN electronic hobbyists and professionals must do some filing and sanding to build or repair circuitry or enclosures. Wahl's AC- powered Filer /Sander is a CIRCLE 26 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD reciprocating tool for sanding and fil-

ing that relieves the user of the wrist CIRCLE 25 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD front of the keyboard where it will stress during the repetitive motions of ease stress on the operator's wrists by sanding and filing. ting voltage levels. supporting them properly. The meter offers auto reading hold The Waterbed For Your Wrists or probe hold which automatically reduces or relieves discomforts likely freezes the reading on the display for to occur with prolonged computer later evaluation. The probe -hold fea- keyboard operation. Its gel -filled ture is suitable for high -voltage trou- cushion makes a comfortable wrist bleshooting and making readings of rest and the wrists are supported even PC -board voltages. The reading while entering data. It is to be distin- record feature records maximum volt- guished from conventional wrist rests age and minimum resistance, permit- that function only as wrist support ting the tracking of variable voltage platforms during periods of inactivity. sources and general troubleshooting. The gel conforms to the contour of CIRCLE 24 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The meter has a plug-in test lead with the wrist and palms to maintain close probe attached. contact regardless of the position of The filer /sander is suitable for The Model DM73A pen -style the user's hands and arms. That fea- working on material as soft as balsa DMM is priced at $69.95, and an ture prevents the wrists from contact- wood, and as hard as metal, as well as optional leather carrying case (Model ing any hard corners or edges on the all kinds of plastics. It provides easy VC13A) with snap closures and belt desk or keyboard which can result in 30 access to hard -to -reach location on loop is priced at $17.95. Continued on page 130

www.americanradiohistory.com New low -cost software lets you draw schematics, lay out PC boards, and breadboard circuit esktop PC.

THERE WAS A TIME. NOT too long ago, when making a printed circuit board required a Ba drafting table. custom drawing templates, de- cals, hobby knife, plenty of Band -Aids, and a dark- room. And if you wanted to test and debug the circuit, there was the extra step of breadboarding. Thankfully, that era is all but a faded memory. Today you can draw a schematic, breadboard the circuit, and design a foil pattern for a PC board without ever lifting a pencil or getting your hands dirty. You can do it all with software that you can run on your personal computer. Circuit design software packages have been around for about 20 years. However, until recently, they were typically high- priced industrial applications that were out of the bud- board get range of most hobbyists and layout, and many small businesses.The last circuit simula- couple years have seen an influx tion costing of low -cost circuit -design soft- $350 and less. ware that's ideally suited for Then we tested home use and small -scale pro- them to see how they duction work. compared in price. fea- Because of the wide range of tures, and ease of use. features available, finding the Before we get to the soft- program that's right for you can ware- rendered artwork. be more of a chore than con- take a look at Fig. 1. Shower structing a circuit board the old is a diagram of the Elec- fashioned way! Zb take the risk tronics Now benchmark circuit grams reviewed here. and mystery out of shopping for as drawn by the Electronics The circuit. which is a func- these gems, Electronics Now Now art department. It can be tional sawtooth generator, was scoured the market in search of used to compare the quality and selected because it's simple circuit- design packages for aesthetics of the schematics' enough to draw and construct, schematic diagramming, PC drawn by the circuit design pro- yet complex enough to be repre-

www.americanradiohistory.com produce netlists -a list of de- +5V C3 IC3 vices and their connections IC2 R4 R12 .01g LM124 with each other. Six of the pro- 74LS161 2.2K 100K D M 1M OUT grams detailed here are draw- R1 BI l4 CLR o 1 MEG R5 R8 164 only. The remaining seven are 3 pLOAD g Z IC1 - 2.2K 1K R13 schematic capture programs R2 T 6 555 5 100K 1K 2 with netlist output for interface R9 R6 R14 1K with PC board layout and/or cir- 2.2K 25K CP cuit simulation software. Cl C2 W .01µF The are TO,µF R7 R10 programs packaged 2.2K 1K in three different ways. A few, WV especially the schematic -draw R11 1K programs, are stand -alone packages, which may or may not generate netlists. In some FIG. 1-THIS CIRCUIT WAS DRAWN by the Electronics Now art department. Compare cases, the schematic draw soft- It with the quality and aesthetics of the schematics drawn by the circuit design ware is bundled with compan- programs reviewed here. ion PC board layout software,

Sderatic Plus 0.4 (URRepI - K1fdhem{sdhyias.sdi sentative of the type of projects Ewe Edit Library Add Ylew SPANK Help Wwwlorm LOW-Pali you're likely to tackle. For exam- °mR.s. ple, it consists of three ICs, a popular small project count, that are a mixture of analog and R13 1N digital devices. While the parts are commonly available, they are diverse enough so that nearly half of the software packages didn't have all three "in stock" in their parts libraries. That provided an opportunity for testing their component library editors. When available, text in the form of descriptive head- ings (clock, waveform generator, and low -pass filter) was added to the drawing. Schematic software This article looks at 13 low - cost programs that let you draw schematics with your PC. The schematic is displayed on the FIG. 2- DESPITE ITS LOW ASKING PRICE OF $20, Schematic Plus is quite flexible and easy to use. However, the library is limited to about a dozen components, so you'll screen using standard symbols have to create most of the devices yourself. stored in a component library lb draw a schematic, you select programs have a "rubberband" which has the look and feel of the desired components from a feature that lets the wires the schematic draw program, library menu or dialog box, then stretch and shrink as parts are but has no link to the sche- position them on the screen moved on the screen, thereby matic. At the top of the line are with a mouse or keyboard. Ide- maintaining their electrical integrated schematic capture ally, the library should contain connections. Without rubber - and PC board layout programs all the devices you'll ever need. banding, only the device itself that work interactively. The bet- In practice, expect to create new moves, forcing you to erase the ter schematic capture pro- parts on an as- needed basis old wires and redraw them. grams, both stand -alone and with the component editor. De- Other labor- saving features in- integrated, have design -ver- vices are wired together by clude auto annotation, which ification features that check the drawing lines between the ap- automatically assigns part ref- circuit for short circuits, opens, propriate pins or their con- erences (R1, R2, etc.), and on- and invalid connections (such necting intersections. thefly zoom or auto scrolling as the output of a TTL gate tied Changes to the schematic are (called pan) for accurate place- to ground). made with a screen editor, ment of symbols on drawings which lets you add, delete, and that are larger than the screen. Schematic drawing move both wires and compo- There are two types of sche- Schematic draw programs nents. Editing tools can make matic diagram programs, those differ from schematic capture 34 those changes easier. The better that just draw and those that Continued on page 137

www.americanradiohistory.com YOU MIGHT BE SITTING ON A WIND - specific computer architec- the eight -bit format as well. The fall of free and easily reusable tures. Standard manufactured conversion boards described semiconductor memory. For ex- SIMMs are available in 30- and here will operate in either the ample, old motherboards, 72 -pin configurations. The 30- eight- or nine -bit mode. lb oper- memory boards, and computer pin modules typically have data - ate in the eight -bit mode, the peripheral devices contain per- bus widths of nine bits; the 72- parity checking IC is simply left fectly serviceable memory just pin modules have data -bus wid- out. waiting to be recovered. One ths of 36 bits. The conversion Generallly, 30 -pin SIMMs problem is that today's personal boards described here have the hold a maximum of 16 mega- computers no longer use DIP - popular 30 -pin format. bytes; there are not enough ad- packaged memory. If only the Actually, 30 -pin SIMMs are dress lines for more memory discarded devices could be re- available in both eight- and capacity. The boards discussed cycled and put to use in the nine -bit data -bus widths. Nine - here can hold either 256K or more modern single -in -line bit modules are installed in 1MEG of memory. memory modules (SIMMs) re- most PCs, where the extra bit Thirty -pin SIMMs are 3.5 quired by the latest computers! performs parity detection. To inches long and less than an As a matter of fact, they can. save money, some PCs (for ex- inch tall. lb accommodate the and this article will tell you how. ample, some Compaq models) larger ICs, the boards discussed By following the techniques do not have the parity bit so here are slightly taller. The nine - described, you can recycle old they use 8 -bit modules. Macin- IC boards are 1.5 inches tall, DIP -style DRAMs into 30 -pin tosh computers typically use and the three -IC boards are 0.8 SIMM modules, at a cost of under $10 per megabyte (excluding the cost of memory). With new 1- megabyte SIMMs selling for around $40 apiece, the eco- RECYCLING nomics of recycling memory are obvious. This article provides construction details on three DIP - MEMORY to-SIMM conversion boards that can be used in four different configurations: 1. 256 kilobyte (KB or K) consisting of nine 256K x 1 FOR YOUR PC DRAMs. 2. 256 kilobyte consisting of two 256K x 4 DRAMs and one Save bucks by recycling DIP 256K x 1 DRAM. 3. 1 megabyte (MB) consisting memories into SIMMs of nine MB x 1 DRAMs. 4. 1 megabyte consisting of two you can make yourself. 1MB x 4 DRAMs and one I MB x 1 DRAM. The article provides back- LEON W. SCHMIDT ground information on memory in general, construction details, and PC board patterns. Kits are available from the source listed in the Parts List. Figure 1 shows several standard SIMM modules along with the DIP /SIMM conversion modules for comparison. SIMM city A SIMM is a module that houses multiple DRAM ICs organized into bus widths that are convenient for

www.americanradiohistory.com Duel Dip 7C Rev A AUtoTimo, <98iCbt@6!`pt : 1?04 .!{ ., r.. a. m u:ww :l® i*, .. ,:e ^rr ng.z, 3-IC DIP-SIMM lïllihi' liiitil li$>w>iilill$ilis .,

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FIG. 1 -DIP TO SIMM CONVERSION BOARDS are slightly taller than factory -made SIMM -only counterparts. strobe (E-2 ), column- address strobe (c,$), and write enable .1r ...... tj..] (wE). The data lines (Do -D7) , come out separately, as does the .jt r-iiYti .i .rr._r-..1 parity data bit and its cis. ,., Figure 2 is the schematic of 1U_ili ,i i aiuj i.>.._Itiii I I the 256K/1MEG combination board, Fig. 3 is the schematic of 3 1 /2 INCHES the 1MEG nine -chip board, and Fig. 4 is the schematic of the COMPONENT SIDE of the 256-kilobyte 1-megabyte board. 256K, nine -chip combination board. A DRAM stores a bit of data as a charge on a tiny capacitor. Each DRAM contains an array of storage capacitors. Access to any particular bit in the array is determined by the row and column indexes of that bit. Those 3 1/2 INCHES indexes are set by the address lines. In addition, the state of the wE line determines whether SOLDER SIDE of the 256 -kilobyte /1- megabyte board. data is written to or read from a DRAM: a CPU reads data from a inch tall. Before committing to sockets mounted directly be- DRAM when WE is high, and this project, be sure that the hind the keyboard connector. writes to it when wE is low. host motherboard can accept A SIMM connects all address DRAMs also have separate in- the larger modules. You'll find it lines to all ICs in parallel. In ad- put (DI) and output (Do) pins. easier to work with mother- dition, a SIMM parallels the Over time, the charge stored boards that have their SIMM control signals: row -address Continued on page 149

www.americanradiohistory.com CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR

An early warning of the presence of carbon monoxide

ROBERT GAFFIGAN Jr. can save your life.

CARBON MONOXIDE. AN ODORLESS pired, but the method for de- opaque surface is defined by the and colorless gas, is a naturally tecting CO is still viable using ratio of the light reflected from occurring byproduct of com- 90's technology. The patent was the surface to the total incident bustion. Carbon monoxide, or based on a chemical -type CO de- light, and the value is always CO, is inert except for its strong tector that changed color with less than unity tendency to combine with he- exposure to the gas. The detec- The reflection coefficient can moglobin in the blood. Hemo- tor described in the patent refer to a specular reflection or a globin's affinity for carbon mon- sensed a transmittance change diffuse reflection (see Fig. 1 -a). oxide is 300 times that of through a CO- sensitive reac- In general, the coefficient varies oxygen. As a result, lethal levels tant. The 1960's technology de- with the angle of incidence, of the gas in blood can be pended on a photodetector to with the wavelength of the light, reached within minutes of ex- detect the transmittance and the surface material. In the posure. The data in Table 1 change, but the photodetector's circuit presented here, the an- make it very clear that an early output voltage drifted with tem- gle of incidence is held constant warning of CO concentrations perature. Moreover, the device and the wavelength of the light in the air can save lives. was power hungry, which pre- (in the infrared range) is con- This article describes a porta- cluded battery operation. stant; the only variable is the ble CO detector that can be car- The scheme described in this surface. ried to the job site or used in a article to detect CO is based on a A cross section of the surface tent. camper, boat, motel room, changing reflection coefficient of the CO reagent is shown in or anywhere else CO buildup of the reagent, rather than a Fig. 1 -b. Incident light enters could be a danger. The idea for transmittance change through the reagent particle film. Some this article came from a 1966 the reagent. The reflection co- of the light is reflected spec - patent. The patent has since ex- efficient or reflectivity of an ularly and some is reflected dif- fusely, scattered by the reagent particles. If the reagent darkens TABLE 1 due to the presence of carbon CONCENTRATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE monoxide, the light reflected Percent Parts per million Results from it will decrease. The circuit senses this reduction in re- 0.02 200 PPM Slight headache within 2 -3 hours flected light. 0.04 400 PPM Frontal headache within 1 -2 hours The CO detector uses an inex- 0.08 800 PPM Dizziness. nausea and convulsions pensive chemical carbon mon- within 45 minutes. Insensible within oxide detector card that is sold 2 hours. under the trade names "GAS ALERT plus" and "heads up!" as 0.16 1600 PPM Headache, dizziness and nausea the sensor element. These sen- within 20 minutes, death within 2 hours. sors darken to a gray or black 0.32 3200 PPM Headache, dizziness and nausea within color when exposed to CO. The 5 to 10 minutes, death within 30 min. cards are a little over two inches

0.65 6400 PPM Headache, dizziness in 1 - 2 minutes, square and have a light yellow death in 10 - 15 minutes. colored reagent located in their centers (see Fig. 2). project 1.28 12.800 PPM Death in 1- 3 minutes. This uses an optical sensor to con- 37

www.americanradiohistory.com +5V SPECULAR DIFFUSE +9V REFLECTION REFLECTION CO R1 01 +5V INCIDENT INCIDENT R10 DETECTOR R3 510K 2N3906 510K CARD 6800 2 8

IC1 a 3 RM E 1/2 LM258 R7 -L DIFFUSE REGULAR 510K TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION R4 J 2.2K ',K.._ MODI I í R9 VDD

I EE-SY148 I 10K RA2/AIN2 RA1/AN1 17 R S RAO/ANO RA3/AIN3/VREF 10K INCIDENT INCIDENT R6 3 16 RA4/RTCC OSC1 a 1K 15 4 C2 VDD MCLR/VPP OSC2/CLKOUT VDD 100PF R5 5 VOD 14 INCIDENT LIGHT R2 20K VSS 6 13 \ SPECULAR REFLECTION 1500 RBO/INT RB7 (WHITE HIGHLIGHT) u 7 12 +5V f RB1 RB6 DIFFUSE D1 8 11 +9V Cl RB2 RB5 REFLECTION 1N914 9 10 RB3 IC2 RB4 SURFACE PIC16C71 BZ1 L% o +5V R12 O REAGENT O 20K

Q PARTICLES 5 SHDN Q2 D IC3 ® OQ MPSA14 rit 0 LT1121CN8-5 IN .33 GND D TC3 ---0 +9V 00 VDD 13 B1 QpOL7 9V OUT IN II b IC4 _ 1 C3 IC4 LT1121 CZ -5 , .33 1.33 GND FIG. 1 -A REFLECTION COEFFICIENT can refer to a specular reflection or a 12 diffuse reflection (a). The coefficient varies with the angle of incidence, with the wavelength of the light, and the surface FIG. 3-CO DETECTOR SCHEMATIC. The circuit uses a focused optical sensor to material. A cross section of the surface transmit light to the CO reagent, and then it senses the amount of light reflected. of the CO reagent is shown in b. agent, and then it senses the ule directs infrared light to the amount of light reflected. The CO reagent and then receives reagent for CO detection the light reflected back to it. darkens from a light yellow When CO is present, the reagent color when exposed to CO. Ac- will darken, thus reducing the cording to the card's manufac- reflectivity. The reduction is turer, a concentration as low as sensed by the microcontroller 100 parts per million (ppm) will which then turns on buzzer darken the detector after 15 to BZ1. 45 minutes. A concentration of Ideally, the reflectivity of the 600 ppm will darken it in one to CO reagent should not change two minutes. The reagent will in fresh air, but because of the return to its original color when scheme used to bias the optical the air freshens, usually after reflector (resistors R1 -R4 and 10 The time it Q1), the reflector becomes very FIG. 2 -THE CO DETECTOR uses an in- about minutes. expensive chemical carbon monoxide takes for the reagent to return sensitive to temperature varia- detector card. The sensor darkens to a to its original color depends on tions. Moreover, each detector gray or black color when exposed to car- the concentration of CO to reagent card has different bon monoxide. which it was exposed. shaped particles that are orien- The "brain" of the CO detector tated differently. That causes stantly monitor the card for dis- circuit is a PIC16C71 micro - the light hitting the reagent to coloration, and it sounds an controller (IC2) that contains a scatter differently so that each alarm if any darkening occurs. built -in four-channel analog-to- card can have a slightly dif- digital converter. Other than ferent reflectivity. The micro - Circuit operation the microcontroller, the main controller has an automatic This circuit, shown in Fig. 3, component of this circuit is calibration routine that takes has a focused optical sensor to MOD1, an Omron EE -SY148 op- reflectivity and temperature 38 transmit light to the CO re- tical reflector module. The mod- Continued on page 153

www.americanradiohistory.com OVER /UNDER VOLTAGE PROTECTOR This simple protective device can prevent costly damage to appliances that are always turned on

RON TIPTON Z THIS PROJECT WAS DESIGNED IN RE F1 PL1 -o nt o RY1 OUTPUT 3A sponse to a "power line inci- INPUT RESET 2 RECEPTACLE(S) dent" in which a car or truck BLACK (BLACK knocked down a telephone pole CONTROL S01 NE1 NE2 and short circuited a couple of WHITE MOV1 MOV3 INPUT OUTPUT the power lines. The line voltage WHITE rose to more than 150 volts over a significant part of the service area for at least 30 minutes. The GREEN T MOV2 GREEN GROUND TO next morning, many fax ma- /77A r 120 VAC METAL CASE J IC4 -.Quo o,- chines and_ PCs that had been LM7805 T1 r +5V IN left on were found "dead." This OUT VAC C4 p 12 article describes a device that Cl GNU .1 provides transient as well as un- H1 ipF l 7.5K der- and over-voltage protection +21V BR1 + for a fraction of the cost of an S2 C5 TEST uninterruptable power supply 1000µF R2 R9 (UPS). 3.8K 4.7K The heart of the unit is a nor- 8 R5 mally open solid -state relay that 7385G V T is held closed by the output of a AAA. SETZ 5 C2 R11 HYST2 window -type voltage com- 22µF 39K parator. If the comparator's in- HYST1 R7 +N put voltage goes outside the 26920 SET1 o 111 16 5 window for even a brief period, -14A/v. OUT2 IC2 74121 the relay opens and disconnects R3 the load. Power stays discon- 4120 IC1 R10 7 14 R12 ICL-7665 4.7K 10K nected until a reset button is RB 10K pushed. If the line voltage is still OUT1 low too or too high when the H4 GND reset button is pushed, the load 10052 R6 4 will again be disconnected im- 10k mediately. A brief power outage of a tenth second or less will not L disconnect power.

How it works FIG. 1- SCHEMATIC OF THE PROTECTOR CIRCUIT. The ICL7665 over under voltage A schematic of the circuit is detector monitors the line voltage and disconnects the load if the input voltage goes shown in Fig. 1. The ICL7665 below 95 volts or above 130 volts. 39

www.americanradiohistory.com over /under voltage detector RY1 manufactured by Maxim (ICI) ó monitors the line voltage and S1 o RESET disconnects the load if the input voltage goes below 95 volts or above 130 volts. The ICL7665 incorporates a pair of com- SO1 " parators and a voltage reference WHITE __ AC OUT NE2 into a single 8 -pin DIP. The IC's switch points are accurately set BLACK when the chip is manufactured, BLACK and its outputs will drive TTL PL1 AC IN loads directly.

T1 The over /under voltage detec- WHITE I tor (IC1) monitors the filtered, C5 unregulated DC voltage developed across C5 which NE1 I R9 changes with the input line R10 I ICt voltage. The input voltage levels -R1- to IC1 are set by resistors R2 -R5- through R8. Both comparators -'R7- -R7- in ICI change state at 1.3 volts, -R11 C2+ but the under-voltage output has a built -in inverter which C4 } provides a window comparator. 4 As long as the voltage at pin 3 is above 1.3 volts and the voltage 'SEE TEXT S2 at pin 6 is lower than 1.3 volts, TEST 0 both outputs (pins 1 and 7) are low and RYI is turned on and its is required in the contacts are closed. The resistor FIG. 2- PARTS -PLACEMENT DIAGRAM. Only one jumper wire values for R2 R8 were position marked "J." The PC board is designed to accept a series pair of resistors for through R2, R5, and R7 to make it easier to find a pair of 1% resistors that will combine to make carefully chosen to set the volt- the correct value. age levels at which the circuit turns on and off. The math used to determine the resistor values is explained in the sidebar "Cal- culating Resistor Values." One - percent metal -film resistors must be used for this network. Average line voltage varies from different locations. 'Dimmer potentiometer R4 provides a small adjustment range so you can set the window's center for your particular line voltage. When ICI detects an over - voltage at pin 3, it immediately opens the relay by sending a high output to pin 2 of NOR gate IC3 -a which, in turn, turns off Q1. When IC1 detects an over- voltage at pin 6, the output at pin 7 goes high. That high does not turn the solid -state relay off directly. If it did, the energy stored in capacitor C5 would decrease slightly, which would make the circuit "think" that the input voltage has gone back within the desired window. Then RYI would turn back on 4 INCHES even though a voltage outside the trip point might be present. 40 VOLTAGE PROTECTOR FOIL PATTERN. Continued on page 143

www.americanradiohistory.com The bridge circuit holds an honored place in the history of electronic instrumentation. Learn how and why they make precise measurements.

111116 E CIRCUITS RAY MARSTON

A BRIDGE CIRCUIT IS AN INSTRU- electrical measuring instru- the network. A null detector, ment for making comparison ments predating electronics as originally a simple gal- measurements. These circuits a field distinguished from clas- vanometer, is connected be- are widely used to measure re- sical electrical engineering. Un- tween the parallel branches to sistance, inductance, capaci- til about 25 years ago, bridge detect a condition of balance. tance, and impedance. They circuits were the only practical The circuit shown in Fig. 1 have four sections or arms con- instruments for making many was first invented by S. H. Chris- nected in series to form a dia- kinds of precise measurements. tie in 1833. However, its value mond. An AC or DC voltage However, in many applica- was not recognized until 1847 source is connected between tions they have been displaced when Sir Charles Whetstone de- one pair of opposite junctions, by digital multimeters that con- scribed how it could make accu- and an indicating meter or out- tain provisions for making com- rate electrical measurements. put circuit is connected be- parable measurements. Never- As a result of his insights and tween the other pair of opposite theless, the availability of low - demonstrations, the bridge junctions. cost digital multimeters and ca- came to be known as the Wheat- Bridge circuits operate on a pacitance meters (sometimes stone bridge. null -indication principle. combined in one instrument) The Wheatstone bridge has When the bridge is balanced, does not negate the value of the probably been in use longer the output is zero. Con- basic bridge circuit. than any other electrical mea- sequently, the indication is suring instrument. Although dependent of the calibration of The Wheatstone bridge still an accurate and reliable in- the indicating device. For this The Wheatstone bridge is the strument, it is not as conve- reason, accurate measurments best known bridge circuit and nient to use as the new digital can be made with bridges. the one most widely taught in multimeters. Nevertheless, Bridge circuits can also control electronics courses. It consists 0.1% accuracy is commonly ob- other circuits. When function- of two parallel resistance tainable with the Wheatstone ing as controls, one arm of the branches with each branch bridge. This compares with the bridge contains a resistive ele- containing two series elements, 3% to 5% error expected in re- ment that is sensitive to such typically resistors. A DC voltage sistance measurements made physical variables as tempera- source is connected across a di- with analog ohmmeters. Ac- ture or pressure. amond- shaped network to pro- curacy on digital multimeters Bridge circuits are classical vide a source of current through will depend on the meter's 41

www.americanradiohistory.com TABLE 1 RESPONSE OF 6 -RANGE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

Switch Si Bridge Resistor R1 Rl /R2 Bridge Null Range Range Value Ratio Sensitivity (Ohms) (Ohms) (Nominal)

1 0-10 10 1/1000 3.0 % 2 0-100 100 1/100 0.3 % 3 0-1k 1k 1/10 0.03 % 4 0-10k 10k 1/1 0.003 % FIG. 1- ORIGINAL WHEATSTONE 5 0-100k 100k 10/1 0.03 % bridge as demonstrated by Sir Charles 6 0-1 MEG 1MEG 100/1 0.3 % Wheatstone in 1843.

At balance the voltage drops from 10 -volt DC, 5 volts is de- across R2 and R3 are equal so: veloped across all resistors at (2) I2xR2 = I3xR3 balance, and the galvanometer Because no current flows remains centered. A shift of only through the galvanometer G 0.1% will then give a 5 millivolt when the bridge is balanced, it reading on a calibrated moving - follows that: coil analog meter. By installing a (3) I2 = Il and 13 = Ix simple null- detecting DC ampli- Substituting I2 for I1 and I3 for fier, this circuit can have a null FIG, 2- CONTEMPORARY VERSION of Ix in equation 1 yields the fol- sensitivity factor (i.e., percent- the Wheatstone bridge. lowing equation: age out -of- balance detection (4) I2xR1 = I3xRx value) of about 0.003 %. characteristics, such as DC Dividing equation 2 by equa- However, the major drawback voltage accuracy and resolution 4, yields. of this 1847 bridge is that R3 tion. (5) R2/R1 = R3/Rx must have a large resistive When making measurements This can be rewritten as: range if it is to balance all possi- with a Wheatstone bridge to de- (6) R2xRx = R3xR1 ble values of Rx. In 1848, the termine the value of an un- Equation 6 states the condi- German-born engineer Wilhelm known resistor (Rx) one of the tions of balance of a Wheatstone von Siemens, overcame this remaining resistors is varied bridge and is useful for comput- drawback by introducing the until the current through the ing the value of an unknown re- modifications, as shown in null detector decreases to zero. sistor, once balance has been Fig.2 The bridge is then in a balanced achieved. The bridge can be further condition. This means that the Dividing both sides by R1 modified as shown in Fig. 3 by voltage across resistor R3 is yields the most common Wheat- giving R2 a fixed value and mak- equal to the voltage drop across stone bridge equation: ing R1 switch -selectable. This the unknown resistor Rx and Rx = R3 x R1/R2 version is based on a 1970 ver- the two divider resistors R1 and An important feature of the sion, high- accuracy laboratory R2 are passing equal voltages. original Wheatstone bridge was measuring instrument. As a result, the following is true: its very high null sensitivity. The circuit in Fig. 3 can mea- (1)IlxR1 = IxxRx Thus, if the bridge is energized sure DC resistances from near - zero to 1 megohm in six switch - selected decade ranges. Re- r r1+ c(*o sistor R3 is a calibrated 10 -kil- 81 S1 RL ohm variable potentiometer 9 TO 18V 47052 that controls the sensitivity of the balance- detecting center- R3 R2 10K zero meter. The value of RL lim- 10K (BALANCE) its bridge current to a few milliamperes. Table 1 lists the major weakness of this 1970 Wheat- M1 Ru (SENSITIVITY) stone bridge -its null sensitivity (which is proportional to NULL the Rx test voltage) degrades in DETECTOR proportion to the Rl/R2 ratio's divergence from unity. Consequently, the sensitivity is nominally 0.003% on the 10- kilohm range where the Rl/R2 ratio is 1 /1, but it degrades to 42 FIG. 3- WHEATSTONE BRIDGE with six DC measuring ranges. Continued on page 145

www.americanradiohistory.com Tri. ("/N IN A F:... OX Simulate a telephone line with the Telephone Company in a Box.

YOU JUST BOUGHT A BRAND NEW AN- JAMES E. CICON hook, the telephone line is load- swering machine and you want ed and the voltage drops to to test it out. You set it up, con- about 7 volts DC; this voltage is nect it to the telephone line, and These hypothetical examples detected by the telephone com- then just sit there looking at it. are some of reasons why you will pany's central office equipment You want to see and hear it want to build a Thiephone Com- as an off-hook condition. The work, so you drive to a pay tele- pany in a Box, or TCB for short, central office then provides a phone and call your home the subject of this article. It will dial tone and the equipment number -nothing happens. solve all of the problems posed waits for you to start dialing. Then you rush back home, de- in these scenarios, cheaply and When you dial a telephone cide to read the user's manual to quickly. All of the components number, the central- office find the problem, and then rush needed to build this project are equipment halts the dial tone, back to the telephone booth to readily available. You will not waits to receive a valid dialed test it again. need a PC board, nor will you be number, and then makes a con- Now suppose that instead of required to program a micro- nection between your telephone an answering machine, you processor or microcontroller. and the number you dialed. have some old telephones lying When the telephone compa- around in your house that don't The telephone company ny's central office equipment work any more. To test those lb understand how the TCB has a call for you, it rings your telephones completely, they works, it is helpful to know telephone by pulsing the 50 -volt must be connected to your tele- what happens on your tele- DC line voltage on and off at phone line and then someone phone line when an outgoing about 20 Hz for a short period of must call you. Perhaps you have call is made or an incoming call time, then it pauses, pulses a modem or a fax machine that is received. When a telephone again, pauses again, and so on. you would like to test but don't handset is on -hook, the tele- This produces the ring -ring- want to pay your local copy shop phone line voltage is about 50 ring effect that informs you that $1 a page. volts DC. When a handset is off- there is an incoming call. When 43

www.americanradiohistory.com might also hear the ringing from the speaker of the handset as a loud buzzing. This is not a VAC +V problem just a distraction. Telephones are designed to ac- 56052R2 cept a ring signal even when BLACK I w they are off-hook. RED I

. I Circuit description GREEN RY2-a I R5 270K Figure 1 is the schematic for YELLOW M the TCB circuit. When both 02 J2 2N3904 handsets are on -hook, resistors RJ-11 2N3904 R1 and R2 supply power to BLACK them, and the rest of the circuit RED R7 can be ignored. When both tele- 27K GREEN SCR1 phones are off-hook, they trans- YELLOW +e, mit and receive their own audio, so all that the TCB does is sup- C2 DUAL 22µF ply power to them through R1 PHONES and R2. If switch Si is closed, R8 resistor R6 simulates a tele- -L o 1.8K = SINGLE phone being plugged into J2, PHONE VAC permitting the testing of only one telephone. The rest of the circuit can be ignored in this example. Now C3 consider the situation 470µF where one handset is on -hook and one is off-hook. That causes = R10 3.9K PARTS LIST FIG. 1-TCB SCHEMATIC. When telephones plugged into J1 and J2 are both off-hook, they transmit and receive their own audio. All resistors are Y2 -watt, 5 %. R1, R2 -560 ohms is on- R10 -3900 ohms you pick up the handset, the other telephone handset h3 -2200 ohms telephone line voltage drops hook, it emits a ring signal. The R4, R7- 27,000 ohms back down to about 7 -volts DC. ring signal is a 60 -Hz sinewave R5-270,000 ohms The central office equipment at about 37 -volts peak-to -peak. R6-330 ohms detects the drop in line voltage, It is applied to the line for one R8 -1800 ohms stops ringing the telephone, second and halted for one sec- R9-220 ohms and connects your telephone to ond, repeatedly, until the other Capacitors C1 -10 µF, 35 volts, electrolytic the calling party. handset is picked up. Although C2-22 µF, 35 volts, electrolytic the telephone company's ring C3-470 µF, 35 volts, electrolytic How does TCB work? signal is a 20 -Hz squarewave at Semiconductors Two telephones can be 50 -volts peak -to -peak, the lower D1- 1N4001 diode plugged into the TCB, which ringing voltage is used for two Q1, Q2-2N3904 NPN transistor LED1-light- emitting diode, any color - is for safety, and will then simulate all telephone reasons. One IC1 -LM317 3- terminal adjustable line functions. When both tele- the other is because it's easier to positive voltage regulator phones are on -hook, the TCB pick the ring voltage directly SCR1- 200 -volt, 6- ampere silicon con- supplies 24 -volt DC line voltage from the secondary of an AC trolled rectifier (Radio Shack No. to both telephones. Although transformer than to generate it 276 -1067) rn the telephone company sup- with additional circuitry. Other components F1 -1/2- ampere fuse 50 volts, 24 volts will When both handsets are off- plies the J1, J2 -RJ -11 telephone jack (see text) E work well because the resistors hook, both lines are loaded to PL1 -AC plug and linecord 2 in series with the telephones 10 -volts DC. The TCB senses the RY1 -SPST reed relay (12 VDC, 11 mA CI) have lower values than those condition, halts the ring signal, coil; 1- ampere, 125 VAC contacts) RY2-DPDT miniature relay (12 VDC, ó used by the telephone company. and connects both telephones mA 1- ampere, 125 VAC con- Ñ Moreover, 24 volts DC is both together. Note that when the 43 coil; easier to TCB is ringing the on -hook tele- tacts) safer to work with and S1, S2 -SPST switch 2 generate. phone, it is also sending the T1- 120/25.2 VAC transformer, 450 mA When one telephone handset ring signal to the off-hook tele- Miscellaneous: perforated con- W is taken off-hook, its line volt- phone. Depending on the destruction board, fuse holder, project age drops to 7 volts DC. The sign of the off-hook telephone, it case, wire, solder 44 TCB senses this and, if the might or might not ring. You

www.americanradiohistory.com the on -hook line to go to 24 volts Resistor R8 supplies gate cur- for less than $1. The female end DC and the off -hook line to go to rent to the SCR, which is orga- was cut off, making it a line - 7 volts DC. The coil of relay RY1 nized so that C2 must charge to cord. Jacks J1 and J2 were two is connected across the two tele- 12 volts DC before the SCR will parts of a duplex telephone jack phone lines, and the voltage dif- turn on. When SCR1 turns on, adapter that was cut apart. ference between the two lines the switch is essentially closed, Snap off the male end and sol- energizes it. When the contacts and relay RY2 is energized. der the wires directly to the ex- of RYI are closed, C2 charges When the voltage across C2 posed leads. However, any RJ -11 through R4; it takes about 1 sec- drops to about 2.4 volts, Q1 and jacks will work well. Mount the ond for C2 to charge to 12 volts Q2 force SCR1 to turn off, thus finished board in a metal case. DC. The 12 -volts DC across C2 turning the electronic switch Any standard project case will do. Mount jacks J1 and J2, switches Si and S2, and power indicator LEDI on the front panel of the case. Figure 2 shows the inside of the author's prototype unit. How to use TCB The TCB is easy to use. Plug a telephone into each of the two telephone jacks and turn the unit on. If you pick up the handset of one of the telephones, the other telephone will ring. When the handset of the other telephone is picked up the ringing stops, and you can talk normally between the telephones, as if a connection had been made by your local telephone company. If you are testing an answer- FIG. 2 -THE FINISHED BOARD can be mounted in a metal case. Jacks J1 and J2, ing machine, plug it into one switches S1 and S2, and LEDI are mounted on the front panel. jack, and plug a standard telephone into the other jack. Pick up the handset on the standard causes a voltage -controlled off. Resistor R3 and LEDI pro- telephone, and the answering switch consisting of R5, Q1, Q2, vide a power-on indication for machine will start ringing and SCR1, and R8 to close, thus en- the user. should pick up the line. You will ergizing RY2. then hear the answering ma- When RY2 is energized, RY1 is Construction chine's outgoing message in the removed from the circuit and a The circuit is so simple that a handset you are holding. The 60 -Hz, 37 -volt peak -to -peak PC board is not necessary. Use same procedure applies to the sinewave is placed on the tele- point -to -point wiring. The testing of modems, fax ma- phone lines causing the tele- power cord and AC plug PLI chines, or virtually any other phones to ring. Because RYI is were obtained from a 6 foot ex- telephone device whose opera- removed from the circuit, ca- tension cord that usually sells tion you want to verify. B pacitor C2 starts discharging through R7. It takes about 1 second for the capacitor to dis- -LEARN ALL THE FACTS - MINIATURE charge to about 2.4 volts DC. MINIATURE 18" DISHES & HACKING SATELLITE That lower voltage level causes DISHES -TWO NEW BOOKS The New Digital Telesi.inn the voltage -controlled switch to - 2n<, Lnrh,,n by Frank Ba yiln / John McCormac Nihon disable RY2, removing the ring S.r;unhnis S,.Irni. voltage from the telephone lines 18" satellite dish technology, layers, 4 programming, encryption and more RY1 in and putting relay back * * The aclaimed hacker's "bible" outlines the circuit. If one telephone is all the nitty- gritty technical details still off -hook and one is on- CALL 1- 800 -483 -2423 by Dr. Frank Baylis hook, the cycle is repeated. The voltage -controlled switch to order or for a catalog 176 pages, 6 "x 9" $20 plus $4 s/h works as follows:Tansistors Q1 and Q2 are connected as a 320 pages, 6 "x 8.5" 1905 Mariposa, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA Darlington pair, which couples $50 plus $4 s/h Telephone: 303- 449 -4551 FAX: 303- 939 -8720 the voltage across C2 to SCR1. 45

www.americanradiohistory.com HARDWARE HACKER BY DON LANCASTER

An "all-channels" FM transmitter

Plus electronic -filter fundamentals, switched- capacitor IC resources, a narrow, tunable bandpass circuit, and active noise -cancellation.

IWANT TO START OFF WITH MY USUAL to any station. I can also see several emergency vehicle traffic- clearing REMINDER THAT I TRY TO RUN A NO- applications for this as well. I don't have a plug- and -go CHARGE TECHNICAL HELPLINE AT (520) 428 -4073. PLEASE answer, but I do have a fairly simple paper design that might work, NOTE MY RECENT AREA CODE CHANGE. THE BEST CALLING one that uses more of that Fourier series I have been looking at. Any times are 8 AM to 5 PM on week- typical PSRT reprint download decent FM receiver will exhibit the days, Mountain Standard Time. costs you 21 cents. GEnie also capture effect: When two compet- I am also the sysop for the newly provides full Internet access. ing signals are being received, and GEnie PSRT RoundTable and have if one of them is even slightly larg- a similar helpline service there "All channels" FM transmitter er, then only the stronger signal with reprints of most of my I've had several helpline shows up as output audio, interfer- columns, and a library forum for requests for this one, as a paging ence free. The capture effect hap- Shawn Carlson's Society for override for a factory or plant pens because of the receiver's lim- Amateur Scientists, Steve Hansen's cable system, or as a "please buy iter circuitry. So, that's a good Bell jar vacuum newsletter, Steve this house" realtor's message one starting point. If your nearby sig- Robert's Nomadness Notes, Jim that is received on an FM tuner set nal is stronger than a distant one, Fitzsimons' Math Wonders, and others. We have more than 1300 files in our library, most of them not available elsewhere. You will also 1.000 find information Basic on wavelets, 1st harmonic Stamps, patents, book -on- demand at 0.100 MHz publishing, GhostScript, and 0.333 3rd harmonic Acrobat. I am often asked to give at 0.300 MHz out free Internet services, or free 0.200 E 5th harmonic -mail, or free books, or free at 0.500 MHz coconut anchovy pizzas. But the askee never seems to get around to 0.001135 0.001133 881st harmonic explaining exactly how this would 883th harmonic at 88.1 MHz be funded. at 88.3 MHz You can send messages to me at my SYNERGTICS@GENIE. - (2) GEIS.COM Internet address to ask questions you want answered on PSRT or in future columns, or to ask for catalogs or place orders. Private email responses are billable

at my personal consulting rates, FIG. 1 -A FAST RISE 100 KHZ SQUARE WAVE has harmonics well into the FM making GEnie much cheaper. A band. The harmonics match existing FM station channels.

www.americanradiohistory.com chips from Mini - Circuits Labs should work just fine for predrivers in the circuit. left audio To be sure, you'd have problems input getting this one to behave in the real world. A wide dynamic range would XA7A orCD-FM-1 L 89.5 MHz Xtal be needed, as well as thorough shield- stereo modulator ing. To prevent instabilities, you each stage a right might want to mill out of audio lv- block of solid aluminum. Or, at the input very least, use stripline and double division ratio ground planes all the way around. divide by equals 10X the There's also some very restrictive 895 frequency in MHz FCC regulations on this sort of thing. 100 kHz, fast Transmitting unwanted messages to rise square wave anyone, ever, is a definite no -no. But at this point neither of these should be a problem isolates odd bandpass harmonics on any private cable system. One filter 881 -1079 solution to a "buy my house" application is to use several ultra -low -power curbside sites. Or perhaps go to some sort of a "lossy line" leaky cable that channels" 88 -108 MHz "all acts as a distributed antenna. amplifier FM output Filter fundamentals An electronic filter can be defined as a frequency -selective network. A FIG. 2 - ONE POSSIBLE SCHEME for an "all channels" FM generator. filter can emphasize wanted informa- then only the nearby Figures while noise. Low-pass will be received. Fourier Series "comb transmitter" I've written about stereo broad- approach might handle this for us. A casters a few times in past columns. square wave has a fundamental fre- The best starting point is the Rohm quency plus 1/3 the third harmonic, NEW FROM BA1404 stereo chip. The BA1404 1/5 of the fifth harmonic, and so on. DON LANCASTER makes a dandy low -cost stereo multi- So, start with a single -channel trans- HARDWARE CLASSICS plexer, but is a terrible transmitter. mitter using one of those CD car Incredible Secret Money Machine II 18.50 Frequency drift and tuning accuracy adapters. Divide that down to precise- The Case Against Patents 28.50 Hardware Hacker Reprints II, III, or IV 24.50 slashes range or outright stops recep- ly 100 kHz, making sure the final Blatant Opportunist Reprints 24.50 is -speed Resource Bin Reprints 24.50 tion on digitally synthesized receivers, stage an ultra- high divider Ask The Guru Reprints I, II or III 24.50 especially with car radios. with a rise time better than two CMOS Cookbook 28.50 TTL Cookbook 28.50 The one- or two-channel solution nanoseconds. Active Filter Cookbook 28.50 you have FM Micro Cookbook I 19.50 is to use the BA1404 to drive a crys- At this point, an Lancaster Classics Library 119.50 tal- stabilized FM transmitter. But lin- square wave with lots of harmonics. POSTSCRIPT STUFF ear frequency modulation of a crystal For instance, there will still be two PostScript Secrets (Ile /Mac /PC) 29.50 oscillator is more than a little bit millivolts or so of the 881st harmonic Book -on- demand resource kit 39.50 Intro to PostScript VHS Video 29.50 tricky. A lab full of obscure test at, of all places, 88.1 MHz. And, sur- PostScript Beginner Stuff 29.50 is PostScript Show 8 Tell 29.50 equipment, a lot of math, and years of prise, surprise, there also an 883rd PostScript Cookbook (Adobe) 19.50 experience are needed before you can harmonic at 88.3 MHz, an 885th har- PostScript Ref. Manual II (Adobe) 32.50 PostScript Program Design (Adobe) 24.50

even think about doing it. monic at 88.5 MHz, all the way up to Type I Font Format (Adobe) 16.50 1079th at, wonder of Acrobat Reference (Adobe) 24.50 I've explained how the Pioneer the harmonic LaserWriter Reference (Apple) 19.50 CD -FM -1 or the Sony XA7A auto wonders, 107.9 MHz. Sure, the high - PostScript by Example (McGilton) 29.50 Pgm Display PostScript with X 29.50 CD adapters give you an off-the -shelf end "stations" will be a tad weaker PostScript Visual Approach (Smith) 22.50 design solution. But the real problem than the low -end ones, by about 20 Thinking in PostScript (Reid) 22.50 Undst PS Pgrmmg (Holtzgang) 29.50 here is not to transmit on a single percent or two decibels or, from the The Whole Works (all PostScript) 379.50 channel, but to create identical signals center of the band, plus or minus one FREE VOICE HELPLINE VISA /MC on all the FM channels at once. percent, or one decibel either way. SYNERGETICS Those FM channels run from 88.1 So, just add some gain and a bandpass Box 809 -RE through 107.9 MHz, with an 0.2- filter to build up an all- channel FM Thatcher, AZ 85552 (520) 428-4073 MHz channel spacing. broadcaster. Those one -dollar MAR f 47 CIRCLE 205 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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CITY STATE ZIP PHONE I Valid for new members only, subject to acceptance by EBC. Canada must remit in U.S. funds &awn on U.S. banks. Applicants outside the U.S. and Canada will receive I special ordering insituctions. A shipping/handing charge and sales tax Will be added to all orders PHONE /Mr 1(614)759-3666 FAX 1(614)759-3749 RE995C I 51 L 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST Monday-Friday 24 hours a day, 7 days a week www.americanradiohistory.com structive and destructive interference of sonic waves on a piezoelectric surface. A switched -capacitor filter is a input output hybrid analog and digital scheme -more on this shortly. Finally, digital filters will treat the filter prob- The switch continuously rotates. a numbers with digi- A clock frequency sets the dwell lem as group of time on each switch position. tal signal processing, FFT transforms, or even wavelets. NMOS transistors are normally The order of any filter determines used for the actual switching. how strong or how powerful it is. For instance, a first order low -pass filter should, at best, fall off at six decibels (A) Switched capacitor comb filter per octave, cutting its response in half as the frequency doubles. A second -order low -pass filter can have a response that drops 12 decibels per octave. An eighth -order filter drops down at a rate of 48 decibels per octave. This gets real tricky on band - amplitude pass designs. For instance, a second - order bandpass filter might drop off rather steeply just outside its pass - 0.00 0.063 0.125 0.187 0.250 0.313 band, but its ultimate high- or low - frequency frequency falloff will be six dB per octave. The initial falloff rate is set by (B) Comb filter response characteristic the Q of the filter which, for a second -order section, ends up as the inverse of the bandwidth. FIG. 3 -COMB FILTER BUILT UP by using switched capacitor techniques. Lowpass, style a filter is set by the bandpass, and highpass versions are also possible. The of underlying math used to determine its filters sustain the lower frequencies filters into bandpass ones. response. Filters using Bessel math but obstruct higher ones. One exam- Similarly, a true low -pass filter provide the flattest time delay but a ple of a low -pass filter is the treble must respond down to DC, including poor amplitude response. Butterworth control on any hi -fi. Noise -reducing any circuit bias or offsets. Audio low - filters provide the flattest passband capacitors connected to ground in a pass filters add a large decoupling amplitude. Chebycheff filters provide power supply line are also low -pass capacitor to block DC, and thus faster amplitude drop -offs, but at the filters, often called bypasses. become a bandpass filter in the price of lumpy passband ripple. Bandpass filters select midrange process. Other more specialized filter Elliptic filters will add one or more frequencies while rejecting the higher types include band -stop filters that notches just into the stopband, and and lower ones -the tuning dial on a reject a range of frequencies, notch fil- give the steepest possible falloff, but radio, for instance. Audio equalizers ters that are just very narrow band - these suffer from far poorer ultimate are made from overlapping bandpass stop filters, and delay networks that signal rejection. filter circuits, each of which can be adjust phasing at chosen frequencies. Actually, these strange names are adjusted independently. There are several ways to build a part of a continuum of possible filter High-pass filters block lower fre- filter. Classic filters use fixed inductors responses. In an active filter, all you quencies but emphasize the higher and capacitors. Transmission -line fil- have is a stack of cascaded first- and ones. The bass control on a hi -fi is ters are just the UHF or microwave second -order sections. Each one has a one example of a high -pass filter. By equivalent of classic L -C filters. The cutoff frequency and a damping factor. adjusting its cutoff frequency, you can big difference is that the inductance By suitably changing these values, you selectively de- emphasize any of the and capacitance is distributed, rather can create any filter from Bessel on lower musical notes. than lumped. Active filters use combi- up through elliptic. Actually, there is no such thing as nations of resistors, capacitors, and In general, you can't do nearly as an electronic high -pass filter. One of op -amps instead. Advantages include much with a filter as you'd like to. these would also be able to transmit low cost, high gain, and easy tuning. Increasing the order adds cost, noise, microwaves, heat, light, and cosmic Mechanical filters make use of the linearity, dynamic range, shielding, rays as well. The frequency response physical resonance of a crystal, losses, tuning, stability, and response of any electronic circuit usually sets ceramic resonator, or magnetostric- problems, besides totally trashing the 52 an upper limit, making all high -pass tive rods. Surface -wave filters use con- transients and time delays.

www.americanradiohistory.com One nasty filter response is called very low frequencies, the capacitors determined by the switching rate and group delay. For instance, if a modem will pretty much track the input. As the number of capacitors. In this tone frequency for a one has a differ- the frequency increases, the capaci- example, the first null frequency is at ent group delay than that for the zero, tors may charge or discharge. At a 1 /16th the data rate. Comb filters can then at times you'll get a one, a zero, frequency of exactly one -half the one - reject a fundamental and all of its har- neither, or both. trip- around rate, any capacitor will monics. One major application for In general, digital filters let you do charge on one pass and discharge on comb filters is separating NTSC much more, much better than analog the next, giving a zero output. At a color and brightness signals. filters. For instance, a filter with a frequency of precisely the one -trip- Different combinations of resistors, "brick wall" or "reject everything" around rate, any capacitor charges switches, and capacitors could build response is impossible with analog identically on each pass and gives you high -quality low -pass, high -pass, designs, but can be created easily with a maximum output. band -pass, or band -stop responses. digital techniques. Group delay is also This simple example forms a comb Switching is normally handled by more easily dealt with, and so are the filter. The first null frequency will be CMOS analog switches. elegant new constant phase designs. Sadly, digital filters are currently restricted to operating on big ampli- tudes and low frequencies, or to non real -time uses. And they have their WAVE own set of problems, not the least of which is aliasing, or generating nasty in -band artifacts from out -of -band signals. GOODBYE By using wavelets or fast Fourier transforms, you can find the full spec- TO PRICEY trum of a waveform rapidly. Analog filters must instead be swept slowly. TEST EQUIPMENT You can soon expect to see a revolution in radio receivers. Start at the - :... ._ x- í.3.-ti111 Ww"m"-^"*"1111, front end, downconvert, and then ./Yat.:

! _ I "..- _."R> -., digitize. From there, do everything S -. digitally. Several technical notes on this are offered by Harris Semiconductor and Analog Devices. You'll find much more on filtering in my Active Filter Cookbook, now in its brand new second edition and seventeenth printing. See my nearby Synergetics ad for information on its availability. GoldStar offers a comprehensive line of Switched -capacitor filters affordable Analog and Digital Storage Oscilloscopes There's an interesting hybrid filter for your diagnostic needs. scheme based on both analog and dig- Signal Delay Lines Variable Holdoff ital technology. This is known as a TV Sync Max. Sweep Time of 2ns/div. switched -capacitor filter. The basic Digital Storage with CRT Analog CRT Readout Alnle, idea is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The Readout and Cursor Control and Cursor Control switch goes `round and `round at a OS -3020: 20 MHz, 20 MS/s OS- 902R8: 20 MHz, 05- 9020A: 20MHz, Basic clock rate that is a multiple of the OS -3040: 40 MHz, 20 MS/s Delayed Sweep OS- 9040D: 40MHz, Delayed Sweep OS -3060: 60 MHz, 20 MS/s OS-904RO: 40 MHz, OS-9060D: 60MHz, Delayed Sweep desired center frequency. Now, for a Delayed Sweep OS-8100A: 100MHz, Delayed Sweep given switch position, there's only OS- 9020G: 20MHz with 1MHz one capacitor in the circuit. This Function Generator capacitor should either increase or Don t forget the other sensibly priced instruments availablefivm GoldStar (Sweep Function Generators, Frequency and Universal- Counters, decrease its charge according to the Bench Power Supplies, and Bench and Handheld-Digital Multimeters). difference between itself and the input signal. Each capacitor thus retains a LG Precision sample of the recent previous input The Sensible Source history. 13013 East 166th St., Cerritos, CA 90701 310.404.0101 fax: 310.921.6227 Now for the neat part: At DC or 53 CIRCLE 179 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com Advantages of switched capacitor are available from Maxim. limited to larger signals. They are not filters include precise tuning over a Sadly, there have been quite a few at all suited for microvolt -size inputs. wide frequency range, plus lower cost false starts involving these switched Typical devices are limited to ultra- and small size. And because every- capacitor filters. Early versions had sonic or lower frequencies. But they thing is done on the silicon chip, excessive noise floors, caused by the sure are a useful tool. there is no need for any external transient feedthrough of the clock. capacitors. That happens because of the gate-to- A narrow bandpass filter Dozens of switched capacitor filter source capacitance in any CMOS There is this interesting new LTC chips are now available from several device. The dynamic range is set at 1164-8 chip from Linear Technology. sources, some approaching a dollar the low end by the noise floor, and at This device creates an easily tunable each. Our resource sidebar for this the high end by clipping, distortion, and ultra- narrow eighth-order elliptic month shows you several of the main or other nonlinearities. Today, these bandpass filter. The bandwidth is one suppliers involved. Of these, check glitch and noise -floor problems have percent of the center frequency. Cost into Maxim and Linear Technology been minimized. Still, though, is around $24 in single quantities. first. Free samples of these filter chips switched capacitor filters are strictly Figure 4 shows the details. The chip goes ahead of an op -amp in such a New Tool Kit Series way that the generated noise floor is independent of the gain. With a sin- THE MOST PRACTICAL, COMPACT, gle 5 -volt supply, the current draw is around two milliamperes and the INEXPENSIVE DMMs AVAILABLE maximum center frequency is 4 kHz. is MODEL 2703A 2704A 2706 2707 The input clocking frequency 100 times the center frequency. Output Dcv noise is half a millivolt. The stopband

RES attenuation is fifty decibels or so. Careful ground -plane shielding is CAP required. Be certain to carefully read the LTC1164 data sheet. FRED Gain is adjusted by changing the LOGIC input resistor. Note that the smaller the resistor, the higher the gain. A PRICE 539 559 S79 589 gain of 1000 is possible, but you will get the best dynamics at unity gain. To use the circuit, set the gain by picking the input resistor, apply an input signal you want filtered, and a 100' square -wave clock derived from any old TTL or CMOS source. For quick and dirty experiments, simply use one sixth of a 74HC 14, a variable resistor, and a capacitor to make a square -wave clock source. One obvious use for the chip is for checking real -world harmonic performance of the magic sinewaves I looked at a few columns ago. But one major warning over any narrow band filter: Ifyour signal is changing rapidly, most of it will be missed! That happens because the high Q Measures voltage resistance and current of the filter takes a and lots more! 0.5% DC accuracy. Prices start at $39.95! Models 2703A, emu, 2707 long time to build up a useful result.

New Tool Kit'" DMMs from B +K PRECISION and a continuity beeper. The Model 2704A adds It's sort of the same as whapping a are the industry's best values for performance, AC current, capacitance and transistor tests. The large pendulum with a hammer. features and dependability. Compare these Model 2706 adds temperature measurement. The Nothing much happens with one to Model 2707 is similar to the 2704A with added ruggedized testers aainst all corners - at up ping. Its only when hundreds of well twice the price. You'll-be sold on Tool Kit. frequency counter and logic probe functions. All four Tool Kir DMMs measure DC current See your local distributor for timed pings occur that oscillation to 10 amps, have large 31/2 digit LCD readouts immediate delivery. starts. Thus, narrow-band filters must McM+ela/® Domestic and International Sales be very accurate and tuned very slowly. OA iAGVI V 6470 W. Cortland St., Chicago, IL 60635 54 \ MAxT/ INTERNATIONAL CORP. 312 889 1448 FAX: 312 -794 -9740 And they will work only with very CIRCLE 77 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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FIG. 4 -AN ULTRA SELECTIVE switched capacitor bandpass filter. The center frequen- +I i \\' :\ lam St. 1 :urhurn, UII -t53114-51)I(, 55 cy can be tuned by adjusting the digital 100x clock. (5131878-1828 I a\ t5131878-1972

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www.americanradiohistory.com In recent Independent tests Cool -Amp is proven better than electroplating.

(For 50 years we've said Cool -Amp is "equal to" electroplating in performance. It is better.)

Cool -Amp Conducto -Lube

42 No Lube vismosiessinisommemommor 41 ffsemswomegoosFactory immisimas

39 s Conducto Ube 4111 39

375g 100 150 200 300 Elapsed Time Current in Amperes

From the report From the report "...compare the conducting properties of Cool -Amp silver plat- '...compare the conducting properties of Conducto -Lube lubricant ing compound with factory silver elctro- plated bus and bare cop- with factory lubrication and non -lubricated connections on an air per bus. switch. Identical test setups and procedures were used for each test "The test results indicated that the contact resistance of the so that comparative data could be collected and the relative perfor- Cool -Amp plated bus connection was slightly lower than that of mance of each type of connection could be quantified. the electro- plated bus connection and much lower than that of the "The test results indicated that the contact resistance of the switch bare copper bus connection. The final temperature at temperature employing Conducto-Lube was generally lower than that of the facto- equilibrium of the bus connection employing Cool -Amp was slight- ry lubricated switch and the switch that used no lubricant." ly lower than that of the electro-plated bus connection and the bare copper bus connection..."

Cool -Amp Conducto -Lube How it worts: How it works: Applies on the job. Application is This is the conductive lubricant; simple. Yet Cool -Amp adheres highly conductive because it con- permanently. As tests show, it is tains pure silver. better than electroplating. Originally developed to lubricate Minimizes overheating and switches, to the point tension can be power loss by silver plating high adjusted to factory specs allowing amperage connections. full rated capacity of the switch to be Saves time, reduces mainte- maintained at all times. A one -pound bottle Conductivity is demonstrated nance. Cool -Amp is so simple to Uses have continued to of Cool -Amp by inserting test prongs into on It maxi- expland -from switches and break - apply the job. assures silver plating powder a container of mum conductivity for copper, plates approximately Conducto -Lube and ers-to any application where a con- brass, or bronze contacts and pre- 6.000 square inches. establishing a circuit. ductive lubricant is needed. Photo shows low vents losses due to oxidation. 'Various tests were perlonned on both products in the voltage (115 VAC) continuity Electro-Test. Inc. facilities in Portland, Oregon during through container. January- March, 1994. Evaluation of plating thickness of Cool -Amp was performed by Surface Science Laboratories of Mountain view, California.

Cool -Amp Conducto -tube Company COOL-AMP 15834 Upper Boones Ferry Road Lake Oswego, Oregon 97035 Order factory direct: 503/624 -6426, Fax 503/624 -6436

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POPULAR I.C.s POPULAR CMOS 1 AMP SCHOTTKY Germanium Diodes 6mm (T1 314) 3mm (T1) LM324 45¢ CD4001B 250 Diffused LEDs Diffused LEDs LM339 450 CD4011B 25¢ 1N5817 ....1Á/20V... 200 1N34A 120 LM358 45¢ Red 70 Red 70 "Sill" CD4013B 35¢ 1N60 NE555 400 1N5818 ....1Á/30V...230 120 Green 80 Green 8¢ CD40178 350 {ggjj- NE556 450 1N5819 ....1A/40V ...240 1N270 180 Yellow 90 Yellow 9¢ CD4028B 350 / 9 18 LM741 45¢ Deal 'Y4': pcs total, Deal 'G5': pcs total. llttr 3CD4066B 35¢ Deal 'L3': 30 pcs total, Deal 'L6': 30 pcs total, (3pcs of each) Deal 113': 12 pcs total, j1CD4069B 35¢ $2.00; (6pcs of each) $2.50,(lopcs of each)...$2.50+ (1 opcs of each)...$2.50 (2pcs of each) $5.00 peal VT: 14 pcs total, 3 AMP SCHOTTKY TRANSISTORS CERAMIC DISC More Ceramic Caps S2pcs of each)....$4.00 A (All caps RADIAL 'LYTICS' PN2222A 61 (All caps rated 50V) rated 50V) V 5¢ Voltage Regulators 1N5820 . 0V... 320 PN2907A 60 10pF 5¢ 270pF 50 2.2uF/50V 5¢ 7805 470 1N5821 ....3A/30V ... 36¢ 2N3904 61 22pF 330 pF 50 3.3uF /50V 50 7808 470 1N5822 ....3N40V...400 2N3906 60 4 70DF 5 ¢ 4.7uF/50V 5¢ 7812 470 2N4401 33p 60 00 1uF 50 10uF /50V Deal 'Y9': 9 pcs total, 60 7815 470 2N4403 60 .01uF 50 22uF/50V 70 I(3pcs of each) $3.00 7818 470 Deal 'N8': 100pF 5500 .022uF 33uF/50V 80 60 pcs total, 7824 470 150pF 50 .047uF 6¢ 47uF /50V 90 DIODES (10pcs of each)...$3.50, 7905 500 220pF 50 .1uF 60 Deal 'A2': 40 pcs total, More Transistors Deal 'R4': 40 pcs total, Deal 'RT: 40 pcs total, `(5pcs of each) $3.00, 7912 500 1N914 30 2N2222A ...300 (5pcs of each) $2.50 (5pcs of each) $2.50 I 7915 500 1N4148 20 RADIAL 'LYTICS' LM317T 800 2N4124 8¢ MONO CAPS 61tea 1N4001....1A/50V 30 TANTALUM CAPS 10uF/25V 5¢ 2N4126 80 22uF/25V 51 78L05 350 1N4004...1A/400V....40 1uF/35V 180 2N5401 120 .01uF /50V .047uF/50V 33uF/25V 60 78L12 350 2.2uF/35V 200 1N4007 ....1N1 kV 51 MPSA05 90 .022uF /50V .1uF /50V 47uF/25V 70 Deal 'J1':lopcs (Sea of Deal 10uF/35V 350 'PT: 50 pcs total, MPSA13 ....140 Deal 'B5': 40 pcs total, 100uF/25V 81 `78L05 6 78L12 ....$) 3.50 (lopcs of each)...$2.001 MPSA27 ....140 Deal 'TG: 15 pcs total, 220uF/25V 90 MPSA42 ....120 5pcs of each) $3.50 #(10pcs of each)...$2.50r 330uF/25V ...100 1 W ZENER DIODE POWER DIODES MPSA56 ....100 114W 5% Resistors 470uF/25V ...110 MPSA92 ....10¢ Toggle Switches Deal 'AT: 40 pcs total, MPSH10 ....100 411Miniature size 1N4728A 3.3V 60 1N5401 ...3N100V.... 70 10, 47, 100, 470, 1K. 4.7K (5pcs of each) $4.00, 1N4733Á 5.1 V '1/4" Panel hole 1N5404 ...3A/400V .... 80 2N3055 520 Deal 120pcs total, 1N4739A 9.1V 60 on -on SPOT ....56¢ WZ: titSOLDER ROLL (20 of ea above)...$2.50 1N4742A 12V 60 1N5408....3N1kV 90 TIP31C 400 on-off-on SPOT ....62¢ SN63/37 1N4744A 15V 60 6A10 6Á/100V..200 TIP32C 400 on-on DPDT....68# 03r dia -giro- 1N4746A 18V 6¢ 6A100 6N1kV...300 TIP117 500 on-off -on DPDT ....850 10K, 47K, 100K, 470K, 1M 1 Lb Roll Deal 'Z5: 30 pcs total, Deal 'H8': 25 pcs total, TIP120 50¢ Deal 'S3': 8 pcs total, Deal 'WS: 100pcs total, $6.50 (5pcs of each) $2.001,(5pcs of each) $3.00, TIP125 500 ,(2pcs of each) $5.00 (20 of ea above)...$2.50

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Dap I voice changing- male to Digita voice changing male to fe- Unintecruoted 800 to 950 MHzl Transmit high quaky stereo b any FM female. female to male. adult to male, ornate to male, adult toehold, coverage. stereo recektr. child chid to adult. dina to addl. Works with any scanner that `7y Bùt{halpltl level merit:dot Maintain anonymty any cal. on We with any modula phone can receive 400 to 550 MHz. 'It. dick and easy tuning. for Button normal operation. 16 levels of voice maskng. Ideal for use *eh persona 800.950 MHz SCANNER CONVERTER KIT CD plater. 16 levels of voice masking. and phone. Connects between handset H your scanner can receive 400 -550 MHz, just add the FM STEREO TRANSMITTER VOICE CHANGING TELEPHONE VOICE CHANGING ACCESSORY XLC900 for gnatemaileg 800 -950 MHz coverage. It all -950 MHz 400 Transmit lull- bodied Hi Fi stereo to any FM stereo receiver. STOP THOSE ANNOYING TELEPHONE CALLS! STOP THOSE ANNOYING TELEPHONE CALLS! converts 800 signals to -550 MHz so your scanner can receive them! Add our custom case Separate lett and right inputs and gain controls. Includes Sound older and tougher when you want to. Not a kit. Sound older and tougher when you want to Not a kit. kit for that 'Professional' look. an output booster stage for greater range. Fully assembled. Single phone operation only. Fully assembled. Use with single or multi -line phones. XLC -CASE KIT $13.95 XFS-CASE KIT . 13.95 TRANSITION 2000 S89.95 TRANSITION 2001 S59.95 XLC900 C KIT S49.95 XFS108 C KIT S41.95 A ]T/)rSady bfr¡róBc .aóaor 13{!1 TOLL FREE ORDER LINE: 1.800.336.7389 SEND MAIL XANDI ELECTRONICS EI.E TR4BI1VlCS. 111BC. FAX LINE: 1. 602. 731.4748 ORDERS TO: BOX 25647 1270 E Broadway Rd. # 113, Tempe AZ 85282 66 ASK FOR FREE CATALOG OF OUR PRODUCTS TEMPE, AZ 85285-5647

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www.americanradiohistory.com P14,4t s ` CODE RE0/6"""" 0.00 (Excluding Alaska. Hawaii, 8 PR.) 4vcr. r^'^'^N I MINI M ORD111R DAY SHIP UP TO 5 Ib. FOR ONLY $395/ 2nd AIR 410011k VISA DALE 1 1! .rrr The ultimate saving source Call 1- 800 -325 -2264 11.4 VCR ALIGMEMEMT TOOL KIT Up to 7 Assorted head & guide alignr r,, 60% Off VCR Head puller ucto On all Retaining ring re. v ctron Spring hook replacement Micro scr Hex key SEMICONDUCTORS FLYBACK Fitted vinyl 29C Soft zippered case Minimum TRANSFORMERS Order N' 3 Reversable screwdrivers 10 pieces Low Frequency -05200 $19.00 (Small -Flat -Philips) per Item 63 -0425 CURTIS -MATHES 471 Power Transistors 11.50 Dimensions: 91/21W) X 121/41L) Order N° 50-888 63 -0196 DAEWOO DCF-1577 (AF driver, VCB0 : 180V, 1.5A, 100 hFE) 62 -810 EMERSON 04-321-4002 14.90 63 -0286 EMERSON 04-321-4003 12.50 BD -135 (NPN -Si) Repl. ECG : 373 63 -0189 GOLDSTAR 154-074R 12.50 BD -136 (PNP -Si) Repl. ECG : 374 VCR HEADS 63-460 GOLDSTAR 154-122E 11.99 Order N° 62 -850 HITACHI 243-4391 16.50 (Voltage Regulators) Rapl. 24-3350 DAEWOO 5A215400 $16.50 62 -860 HITACHI 243-4401 13.99 -05 16.50 Item Mo. ECG N° 24 -2800 FUNAI 805901 62 -490 PANASONIC TLF-14617F 14.50 24 -0150 GOLDSTAR 413050A 14.99 19.50 7805 (Pos VR, 5V, 1A). ... 960 62-560 PANASONIC TLF-14530F 24 -2475 GOLDSTAR 513209C 19.00 (Pos ...... 962 62-601 PANASONIC TLF-14706F 19.95 -0275 HITACHI 545- 7952/9781 16.50 7806 VR, 6V, 1,4) 24 (original) 1455864-501 19.95 . .1910 63-0475 RCA 24 -0350 HITACHI 545- 8321 35.00 7809 (Pos VR, 9V, fA) 63-0160 SAMSUNG FCC-1415AL 11.50 24 -0475 JVC PU- 20850C 28.50 7812 (Pos VR, 12V, fA) 966 -0203 SAMSUNG FCK-1415AL 11.50 24 -0550 JVC P0- 20014 -B 32.50 7818 (Pos VR, 18V, 14) 958 63 RTRNF-0003PEZZ 12.50 24-2550 JVC PDM2008A 14.99 7824 (Pos VR, 24V, 14) 972 63 -810 SHARP PED 12.50 24-1750 ORION 1590D00002 16.50 7905 (Neg VR, 5V, 14) 961 63 -0126 SHARP RTRNF-0011 15.00 SHARP RTRNF-0015CEZZ 12.50 24-0650 PANASONIC VEH -0116 7906 (Neg VR, 6V, 14) ' 963 63-840 12.50 24-0775 PANASONIC VEHS -0095 14.99 7912 (Neg VR, 12V, 14) 967 63 -0112 SONY 1-439-254-13 12.50 24-0800 PANASONIC VEHS -0115 14.99 7915 (Neg VR, 15V, 14) 969 63 -0170 SONY 1-439-254-00 14.99 15.99 24-0900 PANASONIC VEHS -0385/0191 7918 (Nag VR, 18V, 14) 959 63 -0113 SONY 1-439-273-00 VEHS -0015 30.00 17.00 24-1075 PANASONIC 7924 /N-) OR ^av /AI 971 63 -0346 SONY 1-439-235-00/11/21 24-1200 PANASONIC VEHS -0077 28.00 24-1375 PANASONIC VEHS -0146 28.00 24-3900 PANASONIC VEHS -0495 41.95 ROCK B OM PRICES OH POPULAR SEMI'S (Minim aces per 24 -2000 SAMSUNG 6900 -370 -011 14.99 BU-208 $1.49 2SD -13 24 -1950 SHARP DDRMU0002HE21 16.50 -1426 24 -2625 SHARP DDRM00004E10 35.00 2N-3055 0.99 2SD 24-2100 SONY DRS84R 2N-3773 I 49 2SD-1427 24 -2300 TOSHIBA 70321991 2SD-871 2.29 2SD-1650 1 69

VIDEO HEAD TESTE Y CONNECTORS D Sub Connector To determine whethe o head is in ZZt good condition the wear state F Male for RG 59/U Cable 25 Pins Solder Type of the vi 'and ind eating it on the 1/4" ring included meter. This a tentative guid- Order N'15 -0976 - -- -Male ance for confirmin state of On Order N° 15 -0459 Order N`15 -0973 - - -- Female Minimum 100 pieces 10 per item video head.(Dim:4.7'H . X1.2 "D) 1 Minimum pieces

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www.americanradiohistory.com r E1lAC'S 1O YEAR ANNIVERSARY SPECIAT, 7,- - It doesn't seem that long ago (1985) that EMAC built its first Single Board Computer(SBC). Since then we have built all sorts of C O R P. Ma,,:-n.a SBC's for all sorts of applications. During this time customers V- often asked where they could get information on programing and using TEKTRONIX 492 PORTABLE SOLID SBC's for embedded data acquisition and control applications. Our response was we don't know ". This prompted us to design the STATE SPECTRUM ANALYZER PRIMER 8085 Microprocessor Training System with Self Instruction manual. This system starts you out in Machine language, then takes you to Assembly language, and optionally moves you on to BASIC or Forth high level languages. These languages are very similar to the languages that are available for our SBC's. The PRIMER has an A/D and D/A which allows you process analog signals such as temperature, voltage, and light level. As a matter of fact, examples are included that make use of these signals. For a limited time EMAC is offering EMOS and a Frequency range: 50KHZ to 21GHZ to 220GHZ with external Power Supply for FREE when you purchase a PRIMER with an mixers (not supplied) Built-in upgrade option($49.95) or deluxe upgrade option($64.95). With Digital Display Storage (Option 2) Built -in RF Preselection (Option 1) this free $59.90 value you can use your PC to program, download Built -in Frequency stabilization and 100HZ accuracy and debug your code. The PRIMER is only $119.95 quantity 1 in Sensitivity: -95 dbm to -5 dbm (Option 3) depending on option kit form. The PRIMER assembled & tested by EMAC is $169.95. and frequency, at 1 KH2 resolution Please add $5.00 for shipping within the U.S. Upgrade includes an CRT read out of display parameters. Dynamic range (on screen) 80db. RS232 serial port, a serial cable, and 32K of battery- backed RAM. CRT sizes: 8 x 10 cm. Resolution Bandwidth: 1 MHZ to 1 KHZ Deluxe upgrade adds a battery- backed real time clock. (100 HZ- Option 3). Power: 210 watts, 115V/60Hz. Weight: 44 lbs. Size: 6.9" x 122.9" x 19.7 ". Price: $7,650.00 Option 1, 2, 3 Price: $6,000.00 Option 2 ri1Lc. inc. Price: $5,000.00 Option 8 618 -529 -4525 FAX: 457 -0110 BBS: 529 -5708 13406 Saticoy Street, North P.O.BOX 2042 CARBONDALE, IL 62902 Hollywood, CA 91605 -3475 (818) 787 -3334 (800) 235 -6222 FAX (818) 787 -4732

- Inc. 2 Chan. Digital Storage Scope P O. Box 3016 Teaneck, NJ 07666 PC Parallel Port Scope I Recorder Rear Connection to Parallel Port Printer Cable is included Input to 20Msmplelsee -16 windows 3.1 VGA based Store results to Disk or Print bit output 1 M S2 Input Resistance Built -in DC, RMS, PK to PK and 8 -bit Multiplexed Input Frequency Meter $369 + ship & tax Triggered with AC or DC Coupling 10 gain ranges: 5vldv to 5mvldv NJ residents Scope or Real Time Rec. Mode 16-bit user -defined output in . Alt "'ro ote "N 16 freq. ranges in scope mode response to GUAM VISA I input signal setpoints B CHAN A Mastercard OUTWIT User definable sampling interval Auto ranging in scope mode e °e-v Tel 800 8 80 7688 from 0.055 sec to 8 hrs per 1MHz amplifier bandwidth sample in recorder mode with Easy installation Fax 201 837 6597 I Auto port detect. -.. 16000 sample buffer per chan. Made in USA

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A mud II Tlr/r 4 I 1=1 11 CDC t*' ea..O :m 0 At - - es. Crd C .l 02r - - - -- Ce. C.Ce. sr. r.. Olin C' oast C2. C2. A e.t I oc .,c o.a C t C t . .,.. , . ,+ere Calm Cgs. Cao. e ..e...... L AC CAC ... jHe Omar A e? ] 141111, sA.t P.àr Tort .... -. _.: _ _._._ ..: Oat ..+. .fia - 61.14 Clt - C- , -'- Oew or Osw I B $ 2 #o C2w on eV oaw ..... v..e..I -, Pertw" _ _ - _ .._ - ,_.o.,e...D..,...o sm..Ir+.rrr - - - - Clw C'te.. Clew - PM, .>s e ==-:'. uvc s.eod. 0514 Csr Clime .win.- u..oe woA555 ----

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gets a telephone walkthrough during which an experienced technician shows you the features of the product. My technician was quite knowledgeable and helpful." -Drew Heywood /Inside NetWare 3.12, 4th Edition "MICRO -SCOPE has helped me and my company its low level TM save over 20 hard drives through format procedures. I am very happy and DIAGNOSTRSAL impressed with this software. I think MICRO- SCOPE is worth it, no matter the cost." -Andy Tran, Technician

"Not only did MICRO -SCOPE successfully low- T level format an IDE drive that was purposely damaged, but of four drives reporting `controller Featuring these 2 award -winning diagnostic tools: error' and thought to be defective, MICRO -SCOPE managed to reformat three of them and restore them to l l : s I full capacity. The only reason it failed on the fourth is UN/PSNSA/ DIAGNOSTIC SOt1WANt because the drive will not spin up at all. If you ever have trouble convincing anyone of what MICRO -SCOPE will do, y'all just have them Don't take our word tor It -read what users give us a call." -Russell Holliman/Software City and reviewers have to sae about the two best Low -Level Formats all PC Driues, mien IDES! PC monastic tools on the market: Works with Windows, Windows NT and -PROBE are available separately "Micro 2000's MICRO -SCOPE and POST Windows '95, 052. NIL Xenia and Novell and in a small kit (the Toolkit) containing diagnostic software and a diagnostic board. If your system fails to boot, this will tell you why, if Fast & Accurate Diagnostics-Processional Level anything will. If it boots but behaves oddly, this gives you a fighting 9 Great Tech Support chance of finding out if it's a hardware error. You name it, this tests it. If you maintain PCs, you'll love it. It gets a User's Choice Award. -Jerry Pournelle /BYTE Magazine User' Choice Award /May 1994 Call Now for Special P,ricmg: "[POST -PROBE] is the only card that will function in every system on 1-800-864-8008 the market. The documentation is extensive, and not only covers the 1100 East Broadway, Suite 301, Glendale, California Page: httpu /www.micro2000.com expected POST Codes for different BIOS versions, but also includes a Phone 818/547 -0125 Fax 818/547 -0397 Web call: Micro 2000 Australia: 61- 42-574144 detailed reference to the bus signals monitored by the card." International orders or Micro 2000 Europe (UK): +44 -462- 483 -483 -Scott Mueller, from "Upgrading & Repairing PCs," Second Edition "[The Universal Diagnostics Toolkit] provides the most sophisticated diagnosis and repair of any PC. Ideal for technicians and support staff -in fact anyone who maintains or repairs PCs must have it. This product is a technician's (or serious enthusiast's) dream tool kit." -SA Computer Buyer /March 1995 "...If you're responsible for technical support of hardware, there's no other tool I'd recommend sooner than MICRO -SCOPE. The product's power, coupled with excellent, prompt and knowledgeable technical support, makes it a sure winner." -David Welcher/Data Based Advisor Magazine /January 1994

"Al_ in all, we found this hardware/software combination in Micro 200's UNIVERSAL DIAGNOSTICS system to be superb. It is extremely useful and a definite must have for anyone responsible for maintain- P °3Fä!--vrror3E ing computers." -PC Upgrade Magazine/Volume 3, No. 3

"M4 favorite diagnostic program is MICRO -SCOPE from Micro 2000, fi Inc. It will test everything you can think of, and a few things that would never occur to you. The list of features is quite long. Every purchaser

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These are a few of our products and price values. For more information dial toll free or use our BBS, or get instant specs & info. from our fax back service. Toll Free, 24 Hours! For orders or for & Fax/Modem,317- 579 -2045. Mastercard, Visa, tech support, dial our 800 number. For == Checks, Approved P.O.'s & COD (add $5.50) & AMEX, Fax Facts Instant catalog sheet ser- Discover. Prices, specs and availability subject to 70 vice, dial 317 849 8683. Computer BBS COMMUNICATIONS change. Ground shipping and handling charge $6.95 10707 E. 106th St. Fishers, IN 46038 CIRCLE 200 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com DIGITAL STORAGE Debco Electronics OSCILLOSCOPE 4025 Edwards Road, Cincinnati, OH 45209 Toll Free Order Hot Line 1 (800) 423 -4499 WITH O -SCOPE Information - (513) 531 -4499 SPECTRUM MODULES ANALYZER, CONVERT PC'S INTO ofMillions of Chips, Transistors and Components in Stock! DVM, FREQ. MULTIPURPOSE 74LSxx 74LS192--- .79 74HCT85 89 M318 129 MC1404- - 1.99 CM7556 1.19 74LS193--- 69 71HCT86 - - .49 M319 1.19 MC1408-6 - 1.69 CL7660---- 1.69 741500 7415194---- .69 74HCT93 -- 1.39 M322 1.19 MC1408.8 1.69 CL7663--2.49 COUNTER, TEST AND 741501 .45 74LS195--- .69 74HCT109--- .49 M323K- - - 3.39 MC1411---- 1.99 CL7665----3.19 741502 35 7415196--- .59 74HCT123--- .70 M323T---- 295 LM1414---- 1.69 CL6038----3.79 MEASURING 741503 35 AND DATA 74LS197T--- .59 74HCT125 .65 M324 50 MC1456- - 1.50 CL8211----1.59 741504 .35 - 741S221---- .69 74HCT132--- 59 M329 .85 MC1458 .55 LF13741 19 741505 INSTRUMENTS. 74LS224 --12.95 74HCT138--- .59 16331 4.79 LM1488 .50 LM13700 - - - 129 LOGGER. 741506 .55 74L5240--- .59 74HCT139. .59 MAX333 --- 5.95 D514C88--- 1.19 741507 55 -- 7415241---- .65 74HCT151--- .69 M334 129 LM1489 .50 75108 .89 741508 .40 74LS242---- 69 74HCT154-- 1.79 M335 1.59 D514089 - - 1.19 75110 .79 741509 .35 7415243- - - 29 74HCT157-- .59 M336 1.19 MC1496 - 129 75138 89 741510 35 74LS244--- .69 74HCT152 -- .59 M3375---- 3.29 TCM1520.-- 1.39 75190 129 741511 .35 7413245---- 75 74HCT161- - .99 M337..-- 1.09 MC1558- -2.59 75154 129 741512 35 74LS247---- .79 74HCT163-- .59 M3385---- 5.95 1401558G - 2.59 75160 3.19 741513 .40 74LS248---- 19 74HCT164--- .79 M338T---- 269 MC1723CL.- 1.29 75174 1.99 741514 45 7415219--- 129 74HCT165--- .79 M339 .55 MC1733CL-- 1.29 75175 1.99 741515 .40 7415251 39 74HCT162 79 F347 1.09 LM1830 - -4.59 75176 2.09 741520 35 - 74LS253---- .59 74HCT174--- .69 16348 69 LM1871- -5.95 75182 129 74L521 34 74LS256--- 180 74HCT175S-- 79 1.4350K---- 4.49 LM1972---- 5.95 75183 129 741522 34 74LS257---- .45 74HCT191. -- .69 M3507 .--- 2.99 LM1877- -3.95 75188 .50 741526 34 74L5258. .55 74HCT193--- 79 F351 79 LM1881 ---- 4.95 75189 .50 741527 34 -- 7415259--- 29 74HCT191-- 79 F353 .79 LM1889 - - 3.95 757202 415 741528 45 74LS260 - .59 74HCT195--- .79 F355 1.09 ULN2001---- 79 75365 .89 741530 .35 - 7415261--- 415 7411CT237--- .89 F356 109 ULN2003 79 75451 .49 741531 35 74LS266--- 45 74HCT240. 79 F357 1.09 ULN2004 .79 75452 .59 74LS32 .40 74LS273---- 79 74HCT241.-- .79 M358 59 XR2206-.--3.99 75453 .59 741533 .40 7415279---- 45 74HCT243--- 79 M380 1.29 XR2207 - -2.99 75454 .59 741537 40 74LS280--- 69 74HCT244. - .79 M380N-8-- 1.19 XR2208 229 75477 .99 741538 40 71L5283---- 25 74HCT245- - 79 M381 3.95 XR2211---2.39 75491 1.19 741540 .40 74L5290---- 19 74HCT251. - 69 M383T- - - - 3.29 XR2240- -149 75492 1 49 74LS293---- 65 74HCT257.-- .69 M384 2.39 ULN2803 1.19 75494 741547 -- --.89 74L5295--- 109 74HCT259--- 79 M38571.2- 1.95 LM2877 - - - - 3.39 .40145026 1.79 741548 99 7415298---- 19 74HCT273. - .79 M3869-1 - - - .79 182878--- 5.95 MC145027 1.49 741549 -- -- 2.69 74LS299- - - 139 74HCT299- 1.69 M386N.3--- .99 1M2901 69 MC145028 - 1.49 741551 .35 7415323--- 159 74HC7367--- 79 M386N-4 -- 129 LM2903 .49 MC145151 12.95 74LS5/ 34 7415348. - 1.09 749C136&-- .69 M397 1.89 LM2907 - - 1.69 MC145406 - - 2.09 741555 .34 7415352-- 1.09 74HC7373--- .79 M390 139 LM2917--219 MC146818 3.69 741563 .89 7415353 - - 65 74HCT374 - .79 M391 3.95 LM2917-14- 159 MC145155 - 2.95 741573 45 7415365- - 45 74HCT377--- 89 M392 1.59 CA3046 .89 741574 40 7415366.--- .79 74HCT393--- .89 M393 .45 CA3059--- 1.49 REGULATORS 741575 .40 7415367-.-- 45 74HCT541--- 69 M395K--- 295 CA3060 - - - 2.95 741576 .65 A4luahhb 74L8368---- 45 74HCT573-- .89 F396 1.99 CA3080 .90 741578 .65 LFf150K----495 74L5373--- .75 74HCT574--- 89 M399H - 600 CA3081 - - - - 1.09 741583 .59 LM317K---229 74LS374 .75 74HCT640--- .99 F411 109 CA3082 .89 741585 .59 ---- LM317T .79 74LS375---- .99 74HCT670-- 109 F412 1.19 CA3083 .79 741582 55 T1317(7092) - 79 74LS377---- .75 74HCT4020.- .79 144147--- - 2.49 CA3086 79 741590 .55 LM33714 ---3.29 74LS378---- .89 74HCT4040.- .79 F441 1.09 CA3089---- 1.59 741591 69 LM337T----1.09 7415379---- .89 74HCT4060. - 89 F442 1,19 CA3096 - - - 169 741592 .65 LM338K---- 5.95 74L3396---- 55 Also extensNe F444 1.89 TCM3105- 6.95 741393 .19 LM338T----269 74LS390---- .89 listngs lor these L489 1.59 CA3126---- 1.15 74L595 .59 LI.A23 .59 74LS393---- .79 other types.... L494 1.89 CA3140 .79 741596 .75 LM350K---449 74L5395---- 89 7(4xx L497 2.09 CA3146 .99 74L3107 ----.45 LM350T---2.99 7415396---- .89 745n E531T---- 1.99 CA3160---- 1.09 . 7415109 ----.48 ' o-exxa ,5555 .-- 74LS447--- 1.19 74Fxx M555 .45 CA3161 - - - - 1.99 I 7415112 -- - - .45 Posies Output 74L5465--- 109 71Cxx M555C - - .89 CA3162---- 6.00 o-. n, e rw 02.45 w seu 741S113 so 0254 ro a, ----.99 Zoe,. v a m... 001se 74LS190--- 1.09 74HCxx RL555 .90 CA3183-- 1.39 .a - - - - 45 e 7415114 45 o na. ro we 214r6 ',NI I.^' Vol, 74LS534--- 129 74HCTxx M556 .59 MC3302 .75 v4. 7415122 ----.57 78L12 .45 450 74ALSxx M556C - - - - 19 MC3340- - 129 Meld TIP. o rirop ul 7415540---- 19 Thus 45 ó 7415123 ----.59 74ACTxx 79 a i w 74L3541--- .99 6558 MC3346---- 199 1 20 .0 al .000 74L5125 ----45 7806T .59 k..x y 1 6.p 7415573-- 2.09 6564 179 MC3373---- 1.09 7415126 - - - - 45 78067 59 74L5574--- 2.09 LINEAR M565 199 MC3401 .90 ....- ...-...... ,....,...... ,....-..-.,....- ...._-...... -.. 7415132 ----.55 78087 .59 74L5590--- 425 LM35CH- 1400 M566 1.29 MC3403 .70 e- 0ae 7415133 - -.59 78107 .59 71LS612-- 1.99 M567 79 1403470- 129 . v- le: 74L5136 ---.49 71061 119 78121 .59 ....ltitilMlir 0571 .4C3479- - 74LS623-- 149 289 429 7415137 ---,75 71062 119 78157 59 74L5624--- 2.19 11064 99 E592 45 MC3486 .99 L 7415138 - - - 49 78247 59 7415629--- E602AN . 125 MC3487 .99 liiif1i717171& d 7415139 ---.49 2.19 71071 75 7805K 1.79 11ellye - - .99 AX663 - - - 339 SG3524---- 1.09 7415640- xr as 7415145 -- 69 71072 89 781214 1.79 7415641-- 150 MAX666 - - 319 1.143900 69 7415147 --1.59 TL074 .99 7815K 1.79 7415643- - 128 79 MAX680 - - 349 LM3905.--- 1.09 r . .-- 71081 7824K 1.79 - --' 741S148 ----.89 1.49 aso 7415645--- .99 71082 .79 MAX690 -- 495 LM3909--- 7415151 - - - 49 78M05 .59 74LS646--- 239 TL083 99 MAX691 - - 5.49 LM3911----189 7415153 - - - - 49 781,108 59 74L5669---- .99 MAX692 - - - 5.95 LM3914---2.39 7415154 - - 1.49 78M12 .59 7415670---- 79 MAX694 - - - 5.69 LM3915----2.69 FEATURES OPTIONS: 7415155 ----.59 13.415% --- 415 78M15 .59 aiii - - - 74L5671--14.95 MAX695 5.95 LM3916---- 2.69 7413156 LM207 .69 781024 ---.59 7415682--- 219 LM709 .85 MC4001---- 4.00 SETS 7415157 --.59 LM20e 50 UA78S40 2.39 SMALL & PORTABLE PROBE 7415683--- 2.19 MAX231 --- 269 LM7t0 .80 MC4024--- 229 741.5158 - - - - 40 7415684--- 159 LM711 .89 MC4044---- 4.99 7415160 .40 MAX232--- 2.19 Negativa Output USES PRINTER PORT EXTERNAL TRIGGER ---- 74LS685-- 800 LM723 .59 MC4136---- 1.19 7415161 ----.47 MAX233 - - - 5.95 74L5688--- 119 LM723H - - - 1.29 RC4136--- 1.09 7415162 ----.89 MAX238 - - . 4.95 79112 .50 USES STD. PROBES DUAL TRACE 71L5783--2500 MAX732 - - - 469 801151---- 1.29 7415163 164301 .55 79115 .55 ----.55 LÁ4733 .99 RCA558 .79 74L5164 1643016 - 89 79057 .59 DC TO 50 KHz X -Y PHASE DISPLAY - -.59 LM741 45 MC45151-- 12.95 7415165 ---.69 74HCTxx LM307 .69 79067 .59 .89 LM741HC -- 1.09 MCA5155--- 2.95 74L5166 ----.65 7490100--- .35 LM308 79081 .59 10v /div. TO 50 my /div. EXTENDED BANDWIDTH LM309H - - - 425 LM747 79 NE5205--- 2.19 74HCT02 - - 7910T 59 7415168 ---.99 35 1.19 LM30914 - - - 2.39 LM748 69 NE5532--- 7415169 ----.99 74HCT01 - - - .35 7912T .59 IN U.S.A. EXTENDED INPUT RANGE - - - SM1027-- 299 NE5531 .99 MADE 7415170 74HCT08--- .35 LM310 1.89 79157 59 ----.69 MAX1232 -- 2.69 NE5539---- 249 7415173 ---.45 74HCT10 --- 35 LM311 .55 7924T .59 DAY SHIPPING BATTERY PACK LM311H --- 1.89 LM1310---- 1.39 CL7106- - 169 SAME 7415174 - - - - .49 74HCT20 - - - .35 790514 1.79 415 MC1330 - - - 1.89 CL7107--- 3.69 - - - - 45 74HCT27 - - - .45 LM312H-- 7912K 1.79 7415175 MC1349 795 LM316 - - - 400 --- 2.09 CL7109---- 7415181 - - - 1.69 74HCT30 - - - 49 7915K 1.79 - - - - .99 LM317K - - - 229 MC1350 CM7216 25.00 74L5189 --- 3.95 74HCT32 - - 35 7924K 179 MC1358 --- .69 CM7231 949 INCLUDES SOFTWARE & INSTRUCTIONS. 7415190 ----.79 74HCT74 --- A5 LM317T --- .79 79 MC1374 - - - 2.00 CM7555 .69 7415191 ----.79 7414CT75 --- 40 TL317(1092) ASSEMBLED AND TESTED $169. In addition to these catagodes, we have millions more components, chips, CPUs, RAMs. EPROMs MOVs, resistors, chokes, torroids, LEDs, displays, cables, switches, tools $ 20. 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Compact unit is only 4" x 3" x are tall digits -not like the small round BASIC com- clocks. Displaystime, dateand 1 1/4" 0 ates on one 9V battery (not included). seconds plete SMD Overall size: 2 1/4"L z 1 1/4"T n 3/8"W. Great G6954 $9.95 infrared for placing on dashboards, phones, computers, etc. Has 99 Alkaline Battery (Stecki 66955k $1.79 controlled FM 'Peel- N- Stick' mountonback These are new in a box with TO digital tuners. They instructions, however the battery has gone dead from were made to decode digital SECRET ALERT storage. Uses 1 type 186 watch battery Easy to replace. SOLDER' CD music that was Transmitted from just unscrew battery cover. Buy a new battery and you'll ALARM satellites to your local cable company We were told that have a nice timepiece. KIT `v+ the satellites these were setup for are no longer transmit- attractiveiva Contains 1 small SMO ting - we don't know. We do know that the main unit small size alarm in G6950 $1.89 consists of a sophisticated tuner circuit and readout single sided circuit briefcases, medicine board which isi etched circuit that displays any channel number 00 to 26 when 63113 $3.00 chests, drawers, cabinets, B71 B 1 (ready for component you pressthe buttonson the remote control. After awhile etc and it will silently 'stand guard' As mounting), and over 50 various SMD components: ICs, theádisplay shows EE indicating thecable Nsipnal isnot soon as someone opens the briefcase drawer, cabinet. etc ASSORTM ENT resistors, capacitors. Thee isn't room to mount all the present. Inside the 93 /4 "x65/8 x23/8" main unit ae it will start sounding aloud beeping sound. Operates on one parts, but we give you extra ores in case you ruin them. vaious ICs, readouts,a custom microprocessor IC, tuner 9V battery (not included)and usera light sensitiveIC circuit The circuit is totally nomundioral, but it is atremendous module, power transformers. resistors, raps, diodes, with built-in arming delay. The arming delay allows you 5 way to introduce yourself to this exciting new technology etc. Use this for experimenting with digital tuners, IR seconds to put the unit in a dark place after you arm it. Then, YOU GET LEDS IN which industry all over the world is adopting. Size of remote control, etc. We have absolutely no into except as soon as light strikes it (from someone opening the THESE COLORS: bawd about 1 1/2" x 3/4 ". the instructions of operation that came with the units \ cabinet door dc.) the alarm sounds until it's once again in RED You get the complete DP -91 digital stereo tuner and 1 the dark. Great for warning you of intrusions into areas that infrwed remote control which uses 2 M batteries (rat i+ ORANGE children and intruders should stay out of These have a included). These look new but probably were taken out Velcro* peel and stick piece on the bade of each unit, that YELLOW of service when the satellite programming ended. Looks allows you to securely hold the unit to the back of a cabinet. -o GREEN like a great hobbyist item but to take apart the main unit Although these alarms we new. they were manufactured YOU EVEN GET you will need to use a torn type screwdriver. Hurry, several yeas ago and the adhesive on the double stick Limited quantity. A RARE velcro surface has dried out on the G6948 units which NOW ONLY BLUR means on those units you'll have to use glue on the adhesive sides of the velcro if you wish to mount them $12.95! Small electronic (mounting is totally optional) The G6949 do not have this modules that have 2 problem Both types are electrically peeled it's only the External View FLUORESCENT I,i pushbuttons that pro- velcro adhesive problem. Red plastic case is approximately Assortment of all types, colors, shapes prime duce human voices and various sounds You need only 3'x212'x7/8". LIGHT sizes and of quality LEDs This large assortment even contains a clear to provide a speaker and 4 5VDC (3M batteries con- G6948 (Bad Adhesive) $2.00 STRIP LED that lights largest most nected in series work fine). Size of the modules about 4" up blue! Our and spectacular assortment contains 250 pieces z 2114". Only 4 wires to connect (2 for power and 2 for G6949 (Good Adhesive) $2.49 the speaker). We have 4 different modules: LM2575T-12 P+ WITH G6554 $10.00 REGULATOR IC 3 Bfi661 °Emergeny911" AmbulanceSildlSgld Sw tching regulator type LM2575T -12 for POWER RADIOSONDE NM "Unload." IdlingDumpTnr,kSand 12Vapplications Theseaeprmenewmarked OUTLETS units but their leads ere slightly shorter than USN "Fh!LeysGoP'ISjret kllilgFkeTruckSound Very useful fluorescent light strip normal length so *are selling them cheap. features 4 watt replaceable light GMT "Loademlp!" RaceCarRewirgUpSound Made by National W 14V-40V, Va:12V, Iw: bulb and 3 handy power outlets. Add light to any counter. shelf or workbench and Very late 1 amp Application 'buck' have power outlets also Rated 13 amps 125VAC for model Radiosonde made G6953 3/$1.25 100439.00 outlets. Has on /off switch and 3 R. long SPT-3 power foorrall es o weather dataot cord. Brand male by Leviton. j UHF WIRELESS .95 attached to a eather balloon DC TO DC (not included). Each is about CONVERTER 10 1/2" L x 8'W x 3 3B "0. Inside the removeable SUPER cardboard sleeve is a styrofoam camber housing a so- These com- Super efficient tiny DC to phisticated 8 IC circuit bead which has sensors attached pact remote SENSI- DC converter converts lower to measure atmosphereic pressure, temperature and hu- controls were voltage DC to a higher voltage DC TIVE midity. As it gathers, it transmits the data at about 1.677 designed to (see table below). These are brand new SOUND GHz These are prime, brand new units that were awaiting choose satellite type- and satellite number remotely, but by z made TDK and are only I 3/8 L 7/8"W Shipment from the manufacturer (Space Data Corporation) they an also a great experimenters item! These are x 3B'T Vm efficient and latest technology us- ACTI- to the government when the contract was cancelled. These complete miniature UHF tone transmitters and contain a ing are complete except for battery (see G6850 below) We 4069 IC, 2 transistor circuit with aferrite slug tuned coil. VATED 2 to r radio from M battery . CCharge several M batteriess connected two 9V batteries in series and the unit worked Also contains 2 pushbutton switches, trimmers, diodes, from power 1 one solar cell, a 9V project using or 2AAcells, CHANNEL pettedly hom them. Each Radiosonde has a complete caps 'tors and resistors Size of circud board: t 3/16" o etc. Has only 4 leads (tin and tat). With hookup diagram. calibration data sheet. Theywere male in Feb of92.Sorry 21/4". Features an attractive black plastic case. Size: 4 COLOR ORGAN no schematic available The main board contains the 7B" z 1 12" x 15/16 ". Has a Panasonic 9V battery POWER TABLE This ultra sensitive 2 channel color organ produces following ICs: 7555. CD4051, CD4520, LM324, 4151, rrstallad inside, however the battery has gone dead horn Voltage In DC Voltage Out DC Current Out brilliant flashes of light (from any incandescent lamp of TLC27L (2 pa (and a 78M15C voltage regulator It also stoe (simply remove 1 screwto accessthe batteryand 0.5VDC(soIar) 3V /mA your choice -upto200W) in response to music adiner has the precision TOS case pressure sensor, hygristor circuit board). NOTE: Wording on outside case may vary sounds. It is fully assembled (except for line cord and sensor holder (humidity) sensor plate in a sealed con - from picture shower. 1.5VDC 9V 15mA outlets) and features 2 response controls, orVoff switch, tainer ready to insert into the holder), thermistoe for 3VDC 9V 40mA 62962 390 sensitive FET microphone no hookup to stereo needed) temperature measurements and nose cone transmitter and 3 transistor, 2 SCR circuitry. Operates horn standard antenna assembly. Hurry, get your Radiosonde today! 1 l .00 10 t t cy 50.00 G6344 .98 120 VAC and requires that you solder your line cord and NOTE: All sale .rites advertised are valid ont throw, h the month of the cover date. 2 outlets (fa lamps) to the board. We strongly recom- 65058 $6.95 mend that you install the color organ inan insulated case for safety reasons as it operates from the AC line. Great for DJ's as there is no connection to the sound source. WATER For Phone Orders Call (602) 451 -7454 Size of board: 3 3/4" x 41/4 ". Color organ board only ACTIVATED - you supply lamps, line cord, knobs, case and outlets. BATTERY IN or Fax Your Orders to (602) 451 -9495 63319 $4.95 A CAN Made for radiosondes (above) Minimum Order $10.00 (plus $4.00 Shipping and Handling). We accept MasterCard, these batteries ue about TRONIC EXTRA Visa and personal checks, howeve r,we cannot accept personal checks on orders outside 2121 x2'Wx11/20. _GOLD!kW ° the United States. Canadians and orders that need US MAIL send minimum $5.00 S&H. STRONG They were made in 1982 but they MUELLER have almost an unlimited shelf life because they an not activated until you cut open the can, remove them PEEWEE CLIP and immerse in water for 2 minutes. Great for emergen- cies, camping, etc. We activated one as a tat We This alligator has jaws that really grip. Made by Mueller IC connecteda2500 load resistor tothe batteryand powered RIM the load for 10 hours. Terminal voltage was 20VDC and hoary to provide a secure electrical/me- current flow was 80ma These do nomi ventilation as they chanicalduty g pRing ps - plated steel finish. Size 3OQOID discharge and should be used outside only. Comes in g about 1 1/2' L x 1/4"W. Brand new in sealed foil pouch sealed factory cans. Very unique item! PO Box 5408 made for the government. Scottsdale, AZ 85261 66952 394ea. 66850 $2.00 10/$3.00 1415.00 100/$100.00 75 CIRCLE 241 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com BRITISH bESIGN EPROM+ AWARD PROGRAMMING SYSTEM SCHEMATIC and PCB C.A.D USES PARALLEL PORT

EPROMS (24, 28, 32 & 40' PIN PLUS 27CXXX) 1702, 2708,16,32,32A,64,64A, 128 128A,256,512 SUPPORTS OVER ONLY 513,Ori, 010 ,101,301,1000,1001,1624,210,020 600 CHIPS 1,4002,040,080,8001 z2000,200ó,20,24,,20 FLASH EPROMS 28E256, 512, 010, 020 PLUS 29CXXX, 29FXXX Includes EEPROMS & NVRAMS (PLUS CXXX) 2864, 64A, 65, 28256, 28C010 CGA, EGA & VGA X22 I0,X2212,DS 1220,1225,1230 compatible.

SERIAL EEPROMS* (8 PIN PLUS cxX) 2401,02,04,08,16,32,65,2444,59C11,8572,82,92 Design large multi layer 9306,46,56,66,16811,911,80011A, ÉR1400 /58657 boards.

BIPOLAR PROMS* (16 THROUGH 24 PIN) 74SXXX AND 82SXXX FAMILY One level pull down menu and quick keys for fast MICROCONTROLLERS" (UV,FE AND FLASH) layout. HIO 8741, 42, 48 ,49,8751,87C51,8752,C52,87C5XXX UTOMATION PICl6 5X,PIC16$ 6X,PíCi6C7X,PIICC16C8X Dot matrix, laser, plotter, Gerber & N.C. drill output 7840 ANGEL RIDGE ROAD - DIAGRAMS INCLUDED *ADAPTER REQUIRED ASSEMBLED ADAPTERS AVAILABLE / DETAILED ATHENS OHIO 45701 SOFTWARE - READ, VERIFY, PROGRAM, COPY, DISK FILE LOAD & SAVE, 6 Month Flee update (614) 592 1810 CHECKSUM, PLUS A FULL SCREEN BUFFER EDITOR WITH 20 COMMANDS Free Demo Visa & MasterCard Accepted READS INTEL HEX , MOTOROLA S- RECORD AND BINARY FILES .FAST! - MANY DEVICES PROGRAM IN UNDER 10 SECONDS .RUGGED (9"X 6"X 3 "), PORTABLE ENCLOSURE WITH CARRY HANDLE DESIGNED FOR BENCH AND FIELD SERVICE. .ACCESSORY CONNECTOR FOR FUTURE EXPANSION LED INDICATORS SHOW POWER, PROGRAMMING & SYSTEM STATUS MADE IN THE USA - 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE - 1 YR WARRANTY SYSTEM INCLUDES: PROGRAMMING UNIT, POWER PACK, CABLE PRINTED MANUAL AND SOFTWARE ANDROMEDA RESEARCH P.O. BOX 222 MILFORD, OHIO 45150 5289 (513) 831 -9708 FAX (513) 831 -7562 ADD S5.00 SHIPPING - $5.00 C.O.D. Miniature Transmitters and Receivers

Small, Attractive, High End Quality, 2 Channel 318 MHz Transmitter 59,049 Settable Codes, 120' -300' Range, 1 -1/4" x 2" x 9/16", Assembled

1 5 10 RF300T 150' Range Transmitter 24.95 19.95 15.95 = `p RF300XT 300' Range Transmitter 29.95 24.95 19.95 Small, High End Quality, 2 Channel Receiver for the RF300 Transmitters 1 -1/4" x 3 -3/4" x 9/16" PCB w/ .1" spaced pads for standard connectors Input: 8-24 vdc Output: Gated CMOS Momentary and Latching Lines Qty 1 5 10 RF300R Receiver, Fully Assembled 24.95 20.95 16.95 RF300RK Receiver, Complete Parts Kit 19.95 15.95 12.95 RF300PA Pre- Amplifier. Doubles Range 14.95 11.95 9.95 Small, Economical, Single Channel Transmitter and Receiver Set Set Code, 60' Range, 1- 7/8"x2- 3/8 "x7 /16" (T), 2"x2 -3/4 "x9/16" (R) Receiver Input: 5 vdc Output: Gated TTL Momentary Line Qty 1 5 10 RF60 Transmitter and Receiver Set 24.95 19.95 14.95

Add $ 4 shipping for first item + $ 1 for each additional item. Ca. residents add 8.25% tax Visa, Mastercard, Money Orders Personal Checks and Cash C.O.D.s visitect Inc P.O. Box 14156 Fremont, CA. 94539 (510) 651 -1425 Fax (510) 651 -8454

76 CIRCLE 324 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com CABLE TV Universal Descrambler NEW PRODUCT MODEL 5000 Fully Assembled $199.95 MODEL 4000 KIT $79.95 If ur fully assembled product is tested and Guaranteed The 4000 KIT comes with electroni I work on your system. We will also include an AC components and Cad designed PC adaptor and complete hookup instructions. This unique board. We provide schematic, par roduct will be available for a limited time only! list, wiring diagram, tutorial guide and FREE in -house support. 000 And 5000 Features Model 4000A Enc Pak $44.9 The latest in Video Amplification Technology. The 4000A Enclosure Pak provides New clocking circuits to stabilize color and the hobbyist, a custom enclosure, ;' picture performance. adaptor and finish accessories to i The most advanced picture locking circuitry. The Halcyon Group kit the professional look. `Inverted Video Option is available. 1- 800 -664 -6999 Connects easily to your VCR.

CME -SOS 1/3" BLACK & WHITE CAMERA In WHITE CME-9 1 VIDEO /AUDIO - CASE with AC ADAPTER 5T/R TRANSMITTER/DOWNCONVERTER SYSTEM $ 85.00 UP TO 125' RANGE - 250' WITH GAIN ANTENNA 1/3" CCD SENSOR $ 125.00 4 -1/2" z 1 -1/4" z 2 -5/8" 6. 1 LUX SENSITIVITY 12 VDC OPERATION

(STAND NOT INCLUDED)

CAMERA BOARD MODULES CX -060/3 STANDARD LENS CAMERA $ 125 CX -060P PINHOLE LENS CAMERA $ 135 CME -1000 "C" MOUNT CAMERA $ 145 CME- 200SCP 1/3" COLOR CAMERA BOARD $ 245 CREATIVE MICRO ELECTRONICS, Inc. P.O. BOX 4477 ENGLEWOOD, CO 80155 -4477 CALL OR WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG PHONE: (800) 771 -1295 (Out of Colorado Only) PHONE: (303) 771 -1288 FAX: (303) 771 -1136 FREE catalog and construction plans for any of these kits (lima two) WeederTechnologies Call 513- 752-0279 RcKit P.O. Box 421, Batavia, OH 45103 Educational Kits for the Serious Hobbyist

Caller Block Telephone Caller ID Telephone Call Restrictor 50 MHz Frequency Counter

Connects between your telephone Connects to telephone wall jack. Connects to telephone wall jack. Disables Reads frequency from 1 Hz to 50MHz and and its wall jack, and prevents the Shows the telephone number of all phones on the line if attempting to displays it on a 18x1 character LCD phone from ringing unless the the calling party along with the either: dial a number that has been stored display. Auto-range feature provides calling party Is one which you've time of day the call was received, in memory 'Block Mode' or, dial a number floating decimal point and automatically entered Into memory using your on a 18x1 character LCD display. that has not been stored In memory 'Allow affixes the correct suffix (Hz, KHz, or MHz). touch -tone phone. Your answering Stores the into from the last five Mode'. Use touch -tone phone to enter Microcontroller based, very few additional machine can handle all other calls. calls In memory. Complete stand telephone numbers into memory, and components. $48.50 Change between two separate alone, no computer interface choose mode. Program from any phone directories of callers with a simple needed. $52.50 on the line using your password. $35.00 flip of aswitch. $48.00 DTMF Decoder /Logger Vocal Filter Telephone Scrambler IR Remote Control Receiver Keep track of all numbers dialed or An audio device which can be entered from any phone on your Scrambles your voice before Learns and records the data patterns used with a home component line. Connects to your telephone sending it over the telephone emitted by standard Infrared remote stereo system, to fitter out the wall lack. Decodes all 16 touch - line, and descrambles It on the controls used by TVs, VCRs, Stereos, etc. main vocal sound track from tones and displays them on an LCD other end. Connects between Lets you control all your electronic projects standard stereo recordings (CD, display. Holds the last 240 digits in your telephone and wall jack. No with your TV remote. Seven Individual I/O tape, record or FM), leaving the a nonvolitile memory. Scroll modifications are required to pins can be assigned to any button on your background music to sing along through and view all telephone your telephone. Full duplex remote, and can be configured for either with. Produce your own karaoke numbers dialed, credit card operation. $43.00 'toggle' or 'momentary' action. $32.00 tapes. $40.00 numbers entered, etc. $54.50 77

www.americanradiohistory.com UNIVERSAL SOFTWARE KEY EMULATOR l./NC6 A WAY

MEMBRANE S 41// TCH KITS/ These highly durable water resistant flat -panel keypads can be assembled in minutes with YOUR legend! Available in 4, 12, 16, 24 & 40 Key models. Steel "clickdomes" optional. Connector and bezel included. 12 key DSK -12 $12.75

4 key DSK -4 $8.75

MANY LAYOUTS AVAILAI3LL INDUSTRIAL GRADE !

Ca!! for free bro ch ure.. Sil- Walker 880 Calle Plano, Unit N Camarillo, CA 93012 (805) 389 -8100 FAX (805) 484 -3311 78 USA :' MASTERCARD

CIRCLE 140 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com PHONE: 1-516-756-1750 FAX: 1-516-756-1763 KELVIN ELECTRONICS 10 Hub Dr, Melville, NY 11747

KELVIN 19OLE THE ULTIMATE METER Popular Electronics (reviewed 5/93) "Not only does the Kelvin 94 boast a lot of features...the features go the extra distance." "If we had to run into a burning building to do some emergency trouble -shooting and could carry only one piece of equipment, the I7"-%114.4".. Kelvin 94 would be it!' *Ti 1, RMá, LCR, Ilz, IOu *1.1% Accuracy * (Thic. .... =11=_.__. xA mR CON I vO , "m" 12 10A C VOA "0 1.,..Jl... INSTRUMENTS RELY./ OOLEJ IN raás In is `-- ONE! 100 -LE 150 -LE 200-LE 400 -LE DC Voltmeter, AC/DC Voltages Transistor Freq. Counter Inductance AC Voltmeter, Cont. Tester - up to 20MHz Ohmmeter, Battery Test resolution of 1 uH Buzzer Capacitance AC Current, DC Current Freq. Counter 3 -1/2 Digit LCD from 1 pF to 20uF DC Current, Low Battery 10 Amp Transistor up to 20MHz Diode Tester, Indicator AC /DC Current Cap. from Audible Cont. Battery Test 10 Amp 1 pF to 200uF Tester, dBm, #990087 #990122 #990123 AC /DC Current Freq. Counter, Meter, $2995 Transistor Capac. 49s5 $4985 Inductance Duty Meter, AC /DC ;STANDARD Voltages DC Current Resistance 20 Continhuity Buzze Diode Test Amp Logic Probe FEATURES: 10M om InputTeserImp. Accuracy +/- 0.5% RDG J #990124 #990111 Protective Meter Cases for 100-300LE ....990088..$4.95 $7995 Protective Meter Case for 400LE 990094..$4.95 99995 MODEL 2MHz Sweep Function Protek B -803 Generator Protek p0L 03 o Output Frequency of 0.02Hz to 2MHz on 7 ranges o Output: sine, triangle, square, rÿ.ri iì nr I r.. _- _ pulse, ramp or slewed sine wave II ,--,.1 '`lf:__'r fy.'_" 1,511111111,,,j1,,.- o 4 digit frequency counter o With sync output (TTL), VCF, DC offset, variable symmetry PoeMle o Square wave rise time: 100ns or less $29995 #720129 Regulated DC MODEL 20MHz Power Supply Protek P -3502C "Afford-A- Scope" o 0 -30V, CV; 0 to 3A, CC o 2 Channels o 2 Separate LED displays (green o Built -in component tester for for voltage, red for current) Constant voltage & constant resistors, capacitors, and diodes o current operation o 6" CRT with internal graticule o Fully isolated outputs allow o TV trigger series or parallel operation o CH2 Invert o Includes (1) set of test leads & o 2 -Axis input operation manual o Includes 2 probes o Overload protected o 2 -Yr. warranty o 2 -Yr. warranty #720085 $385 $25 79

CIRCLE 249 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD www.americanradiohistory.com WE HAVE WHAT YOU THE BEST PRICES AND

DECODERS QTY QTY 10 20 P10-6300 $69 $59 6 x 9 METAL CASE wITOGGLE P10+/TNT $69 $59 6 x 9 METAL CASE wTOGGLE PIO RED $69 $59 3 x 6 METAL CASE REPLACES GREEN & APOLLO -P QTY QTY 10 20 STEALTH 1000 -P $49 $45 5 x 4 PLASTIC CASE WTOGGLE TNT $45 $42 6 x 9 METAL CASE W/TOGGLE TVT-3G $42 $39 6 x 9 METAL CASE MINI -TVT $42 $39 3 x 6 METAL CASE 10 20 GOLD $42 $39 3 x 6 PLASTIC CASE STEALTH 80 -P $55 $49 wTOGGLE APOLLO -J $49 $45 5 x 4 PLASTIC CASE 3 x 6 METAL CASE M -80 $65 $59 REPLACES PURPLE & SIP 6 x 9 METAL CASE wÌTOGGLE FTB -3 $43 $39 6 x 9 METAL CASE GI -30 $39 $35 NEW!!! QTY QTY 4x4 BOARD ONLY 10 20 NO AC NO CASE, R2 /V5 /CFT MULTIMODE QUICK BOARD $35 $29 R2 /V5 3 WIRE $29 $25 SA QUICK BOARDS CALL PIO QUICK BOARDS $29 $25 PIO WRITER $55 $49 Z3 $11 $ 9 GI 2 WIRE, 3 WIRE, CALL AND 28 PIN HIG LA DER 9 Falls of the Neuse Road, Raleigh, NC 27615 80 CIRCLE 236 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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NEW CONVERTERS COMBOS QTY 10

OTY QTY BOSS 1 $225 10 20 REPLACES ALL PIONEER MODELS STARGATE ELITE 550 -PC $59 $55 AND SA MODELS 8500-8590 (NO INVERSION) TIMELESS TPI-550-PC $60 $57 BOSS 2 $235 CENTURY CT-3000 $65 $61 REPLACES ALL TOCOM MODELS PANASONIC TZPC1453G2 $79 $69 INCLUDING WIRELESS

THESE UNITS ARE BUILT INTO BRAND NEW PANASONIC CONVERTERS w /REMOTE, REFURBISHED VOLUME CONTROL, PARENTAL LOCKOUT, LCR,AND MORE CONVERTERS REGAL, SA, PANASONIC ... CALL SSA TV86 $149 S7COMBO $125 TPI550 -PC w /BUILT -IN BOARD REPLACES ALL JERROLD EXCEPT BASEBAND

All prices are for 10 pieces, subject to change without notice. Some AMERICAN quantities may be limited. 30 MasterCard pIscoVER -Day DARREN Money Back Guarantee. One year parts and labor warranty.

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www.americanradiohistory.com YOIJ ASIEWFOit =IT SPl:('fl'lliJM ANALYZER S(N)PE ADAPTER

1 MHz TO 500MHz SPECTRUM ANALYZER

AS SEEN ON YOUR SCOPE 100% FACTORY ASSEMBLED NOTA KIT MADE IN THE USA

A FOR EVERY SHOP: any Ham Shack, Radio Service Shop or MUST SA500ADP ONLY $399.00 The SA500ADP Spectrum Analyzer Scope EMI Test Lab.. MADE IN THE USA Not Adapter works with any Scope Just one a kit. If you have been waiting for a low cost Add Tracking Gen. $100.00 Inputs High performance Spectrum Analyzer at an connection to the Vertical & Trigger Introductory offer only and any scope becomes a full function affordable price , take Advantage of our Spectrum Analyzer. Tune H.T.'s Filters, special introductory offer. Add a 500MHz $499.00 Tracking/Noise Generator for only $100 Mixers. Check all RF based Systems. The SAVE OVER $200 Reg. price $699 SA500ADP Scope Adapter will compliment and save a total of $200.

SETTING THE STANDARD

SA500A, SA1300B, SA1800C

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STARTING AT $995.00

MADE IN THE USA 6"x l2"x16"(HxWxD)(onlyloLB)

SA1800C Shown 52395 00

Model SA1300B MHz One Sweep $1995.00 Options 1.3.5.6 á 14300 In á SPECTRUM DISPLAY MONITOR $995.00 TWO FULL FUNCTION ANALYZERS The SA500A easily attaches to any receiver IF output jack. Providing Quality & Performance with 80dB on Screen, -100 dBm Sensitivity, ( Center Freq. Display, +1- 51(Hz Narrow Band Filter 50 MHz Marker. 3 a panoramic signal display of your scanner or communication receiver. z The SA500A is a Full Function Spectrum Analyzer with +1- 51(11z DISPERSION ZOOM, Baseline Clipper, Adjustable Sweep Speed, Narrow Band Filter, Center Freq. Display, 50 MHz Marker. SA500A Video Filter, and 40dB Input Attenuation. SA1300B I- 1300MHz The first affordable Professional Spectrum Monitor /Analyzer for all SA1800C I -1300 & 850- 1850MHz With Opt. 1,3,5,6 serious Ham Radio and Radio Monitoring Operators. With Opt. 1,3,5,6 $2395 a) w ADVANTAGE INSTRUMENTS CORP. MC -VISA - DISCOVER call 800 -566-1818 3579 Hwy. 50 East Carson City, Nevada 89701 702 -885 -0234 FAX 702 -885 -7600 TAX. 82 PRICES & SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE OR OBLIGATION. F.O.B. CARSON CITY NV. NV. RESIDENTS ADD SALES CIRCLE 222 ON FREE INFORMATION CARn

www.americanradiohistory.com f /V Ii

CONWAY Engineering, Inc. Normally, you have to use more Available are: than one instrument to take your is the US distributor for the com- HANDYPROBE measurement. Together with the plete range Computer Controlled 8 bits; one channel; 100 kHz; TiePie instruments a complete Measuring Instruments of TiePie connection to the parallel prin- software package is delivered, in engineering. The measuring inter port order to realize all four measuring - struments can be connected to a HANDYSCOPE instruments. Your advantage is PC (MS -DOS 3.0 or higher) which 12 bits; 2 channels; 100 kHz; that you only need ONE measu- will result in a number of compre- connection to the parallel prin- ring instrument! Moreover, you will hensive test instruments, like: ter port be able to control all instruments TP5008 in the same way. 8 bits; 2 channels; 200 kHz; All measured data can be stored interface card on disk or be printed out. 11.3 TP208 0.9 Because of the many trigger pos- 3.86 8 bits; 2 channels; 20 MHz; 3.x sibilities you can measure a varie- ß.A 0.9 interface card 3.f0 -0.0 ty of signals, while the powerful - a.x AD128 a n software enables you to carry out 12 bits; 8 channels; 100 kHz; a multitude of measurements in a interface card :aaur.J®®®® straightforward manner. TP112 Application areas: 12 bits; 2 channels; 1 MHz; service; medical research; auto- - interface card matic test systems; research and development; and education. (Prices exclude applicable taxes)

The TP508 is a new interface card with a measuring frequency of 50 MHz!! The resolution of this IIFCIM NONES al l 3.A 0,5 card is 8 bits. 3.39 1 3.a Wllllx .... Phenomena shorter than mil- 1.10 ® 1.x lionth of a second can still be 0.70 ...... measured well. The 0.x completely -0.9 , digitized triggering ensures very ®®®®®® stable triggering with many trig- ®®®(tl®®®®®®®® ger possibilities. The TP508 has an input range of 5 mvolt/div...20 volt/div (12 steps) and an auto calibration function. Since both MIME l6ä®1 a 1 / 0.00 tA9.1 channels may be sampled simul- )t.l taneously, phase differences can ]0.1 ... .. x.l be measured very accuratly. Even I3.1 0.13 LEM OKIE MI MEE single phenomena can be meas- 113 x0 WM 0 IA ured since each channel has a 32 Kbyte memory. Comprehensive ®®®®®Cil ail MIN ®®o®®® software is provided.

E: 1- to f-xret)o! CONWAY Engineering, Inc. 8393 Capwell Drive, Oakland, California USA 94621 -2113. Tel.: (510) 568 -4028. Fax: (510) 568 -1397 CIRCLE 336 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com A stable, glitch -free, lab quality, affordable MORE POWER! Spectrum Analyzer 68HC11, 80051& 80C166 AM Research supports over 30 of the most popular Embedded controllers with a highly integrated hardware and software development system. HAMEG Model 5006 0 More Microcontrollers O Faster Hardware. II Faster Software. Q More Productive. The Model HM5005 or HM5006 is the ideal display either the center frequency or instrument for analyzing RF signals within marker frequency. The Model 5006 the frequency range of 0.5 to 500MHz. includes a tracking generator that can be El More Tools & Utilities. Scanwidth can be set to display from set from -50 to +1dBm and is extremely 50kHZ to 50MHz per division. useful in displaying the frequency RI Incredibly Dense ROM. Measurements may be made over the response or reflectivity (using an external range of -100dBm to +13dBm. A "Zero bridge) of a device under test. El Single Chip Capable. Scan Mode" is useful for measuring and tuning at a single frequency. Model 5005 Spectrum Analyzer $1,095 El Outstanding Support. A 4 digit numeric display can be set to Model 5006 w /tracking generator 1,495 Call or write for a free full line brochure Please call or fax for our competitive bid on your requirements for:

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FDS -8808 $269.00 Opto-couple controls. mW RF Power Meter 340 $219.00 Features: Assembly language coding, assembler, disassernbler, single step and multi- EDS -8809 1 $589.00 stepper motor control , 1.8- 500M1-1z; KF power 20m W /200m W/2 W; Imp.: 500. breakpoint program debugger. display and rewrite registers, download/upload programs ._ digital clock, sp- Accuracy. ±10% full scale. N -type cornector,SWR -80dB at (f6)15 %; >-70dB at (fo)t10%. and current. Slave/Mester, Serial/Parallel connectioa p, . ,,, a Rq/ectlon: , <0.5 /.50KHz- 500KHz. )-20KHz. PS- 16109( 8107 )5289.00(5399.95)0- 16V[)C,0.10A. ". Harmonic Accuracy: 10.54B, 1.8(fo A(;- 2603AD $229.95, with Freq. Counter 1Hz- 150MHz.6 digits. P9-2243(2245) S139.00(5159.00) 0.12/0- 24VD(',3A(5A). DM -3204 $1,599.00 dual channels. for mtemel& extemelsigals . Specification see AG- 2601Aabove 8200(8201) 5179.95(52 )9.95)0- 3OVDC(digitalmeter), 0- FREOUENCY COUNTER 3Á(5A).8210(8211) 5199.95($259.95) two digital meters. FUNCTION GENERATOR -. F('- 5250C$119.95 .. a 8202(8203) 5499.95(5549.95) 3 outputs. digital display, FG2100A 5169.95 Preis. Range: 1011.- 220MHz dual 0- 30VDC/0- 3A(SA), a 5VDC/3A, fixed indepedent tracking "" Ä 0.2Hz -2MHz in 7 ranges; Sine, (HF)10Hz-20MHz, operasen, constant voltage and current. Square, 'Mangle, Pulse & Ramp (VHF)10MHz-200MHz Z AM /FM SWEEMAR SCOPE r Output: SmVp-p- 20Vp-p, I% @' Gate Time: 0.1 & taec. distortion. Max. Input 10Vp -p. fir SM- 62258/C51999.95 '.-. _;, VCP 0-10V control freq. to 1000:1. Input Sensitivity: 35mV 10Hz- 200MHz Freq Range:22 / . $1999.95 (FM) a FG2102AD $229,95 generates signals same as F0. 2100; 4-digit Input lmped.: (HF) I MOhun, (VHF) 5001m. 10 114MHz,Acuracy: * 0.1 % counter display, & CMOS Marker: (AM)455KIiz, *SKliz, ill outputs, 30ppm *1 count accurecyFC -5260A $146.00 FG20208 ..-.,._} " *I OKHz;(FM)10.7MHz,t7.5KHz. $159.00 0.5Hz- S00K11z; Sine, Square, Mangle. 10Hz- 600MHz. A stri ., ,n (FG) 2103 $329.95, Digital sweep generator, 0.5Hz-5MHzin 7 F'C- 527gÁ 5149.95 ! *IMICHL es Operating Mode: sweep, AM, gated burst VCG. 10Hz- 1300MHz f ' d c STEREO SCOPE Os 7so58 $369.00 trigger, 0-10MHz Freq. Counter: Int. 0.5Hz -5M Hz, Ext. 5HZ -10MHz FC- 56008 $321.00 ALIGMENT SCOPE OS- 7001A$369.000- 200KHz. STEREO 10Hz- 600MHz. '" - FM MODULATOR (FC)570085329.95 10Hz- 1.3(ìH.. AM /FM STD SIGNAL GEN. AG-2011A $549.00 SC- 4110ÁS1799.00 RESECTION: '7 SIGNAL TRACER/INJECTOR Freq :100KHz- I10MHz Carrier.98MHzt2MHz; SE-6100 5134.95 Display: 6 -digit LED Output: IOmV, ImV & 0.ImV " TRACER: Gain Max. 60dB s /ri Accuracy ... ¿.., * COMPOSITE SIGNALS: Attenuation: 0/20/40/60dB ^'° 1 < *(5x10 -E5 count) Idnped:lOOKOhm *I PilotI9KHz*2Hz,0.8Vnns r Input Reaobilon:1001z ( 100- 34.99MHz) ;tKHz(35MHz- I10MHz). INT. MODULATION: 400KHz, Output lmped.:6000hm; Output: -19dBu, -99dBu, IdB steps. Impedance: 500 VSWR 1.2. I KHz *I%. I Vans, distortion <.5%;L -R Seperalion : 50dß. Speaker 8 Ohm. TV COLOR PATTERN EXT. MODULATION: Freq.:50Hz-15KHz °" INJECTOR: Freq.: tKHz GEN. L -R Seperalon: >45dB 100Hz-3KHz; >35dB 50Hz- 15KHz. Squarcwave, Output Level: Continuously variable 0 - 4.5Vp -p. CPG1366A $159.95 VHF NTSC; . , AC MILLIVOLT METER AUTO. CAPACITANCE METER Freq.: 45.75, 175.25, 187.25 MHz -`" ; MV-3100A $159.95 wide hand CM3300A $139.00 10 ranges, 99.9pF 99 9mF, fully automatic. RF Output: IOmV. 5Hz -I MHz; 3 scales, mV, dB &dam; Resolution: O.IpF lowest ^- ::. .. r, ( A aunt e Impedance: 75 Ohm; .a 300µV -100V in l2 ranges, 10aV 0.1 % full scale. On Video Output: HN(', I Vp -p mow°° resolution; - 70-40dB in 12 ranges, Accuracy: 0.5% of full scalelldigit to 99.9AF, t1tn1r SWR/RF POWER METER OdB- IVnns,OdBm -0.755V) ; :3% ,: accuracy; Input impedenceIOMO; 1% of full scale*1digitto99.9uF. Mlef 310509.95 -,; `á: ÿ :Noise <2 %. MV- )í018S)09.95 dual Display: 3 digit LED. 310 $8 .95 113-I SOMHz charnel, simultaneous measurement.. (nit indicator. pF, nF, uF, mF. Overrange indicator. ' - < RF Power: 0-4W/20W/200W; 50MH00W 1 4 RFPowesure.:lA- m,4Wmin. OSCILLOSCOPE OS- 73058s249.00DC -7MHz; WOW-FLUTTER METER -°°°- Accurc y: 5 % -10%; SO-239 Plugs. - Vertical: IOmV/Div; Hoszontal. WF-3103 $699.95 - «. wC _a Insertion Loss: 0.3dB. "'. 250mV/Div; 10Hz- 100KHzin 4 = Freq. Range:3KHz*10% Input /Output Imp.: 500. ., ranges; 3'CRT;Intemaland 11S/CCIR,3.1SKHz*I0%DIN. 320 589.95, 130.520MHz. Range: scale. x .,. External Sync.; Input: I M0 /35pF 0.03/.1 /.3/3% full 330 5119.95, I.8- 520MHz. , OS -7010A 5369.00 DC -I OMHz. AccurduY *574. SWR -3P $26.95 1.7- 150MHz; 5" CRT, I0mV /Cm- 10V /Cm, WF-3105A 5799.95, digital, a IMO a z RF Power: 0.5 -IOW, 0.5W-100W. OS -622B 5344.95 20MHz/dual trace ; - Function: LIN/WOW/FlutterWID. 4, 2P$22.95,1.7- 30MHz;RF Power 0.5 -IOW. OS- 653$699.9550MHz dual, dela sweep, ALT bigger,, TV syn "'SWR- F rW Cntr10Hz- 9.99MHz PM -330 $136.00 I.0- 500MI1z; 0- 5W /20W /120W. OS-610011 $1329.95 100MHz. 4ch. 0 traces, delay sweep,best buy Indication: CCIR/DIN /JIS. 85 CIRCLE 203 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com n ISO 9002 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER MST E K & Measuring Instruments ÿii}

Oscilloscopes: 20MHz - 100MHz Function Generators Frequency Counters- Digital Multimeters 3 1/2 -51/2 digits some with CURSOR READOUT up to (2.1GHzl some with IEEE

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For a complete catalog of Instek equipment and the . Distributor nearest you please contact: DC Power Supplies 50 different types including Programmables Instek Corporation

1205 John Reed Court City of Industry, CA 91745 818 -336 -6537 FAX 818 -369 -1748

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CELLULAR MADNESS! NOW ii) Cellular/IJDI Box YOU CAN "SEE" Over 8.6 MEGS INVISIBLE FIELDS Software zipped files! AND AVOID THEM >;- Including: Complete book included! Most homes and offices have hot spots with strong Plans for an ESN /NAM "snatcher" for under $400 artificial electromagnetic fields, where chronic cellular "fingerprint" Information on exposure may cause All peripheral topics mental or physical problems. Even the EPA names these Explanation of 9122 Motorola revision fields as suspected carcinogens. You can reduce your and how to defeat it risk by avoiding these high -field areas. and Wargames dialer The TriField M meter detects far more of these fields than any other lots more! only electromagnetic pollution meter. Its the only one that independently Programming software reads AC electric fields, AC magnetic fields, andradio /microwaves. It also reads field strengths in all directions simultaneously. Every other meter (ESN /NAM) for over S that sells for under $500 reads only magnetic and only in one direction - 20 phones 149, they can entirely miss a magnetic field unless pointed correctly and are OKI 900 /Loader Boxes blind to radio /microwaves and electric fields, both of which cause biological effects. WE IT ALL! The TriField" meter reads all three types of fields numerically and with HAVE a SAFE /BORDERLINE /HIGH SCALE, weighted proportional to effect on the body. Thresholds are based on epidemiological and laboratory ESN READER 5400 studies. (While no absolute hazard thresholds have been established, reduction of relative exposure is prudent.) G2IAMPS(no Iock)...5600 The TriFieldrM meter comes ready -to -use with battery, instructions, and one -year limited warranty. The cost is $144.50 postpaid.

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Count, HPIB $750.00 WAVETEK 1067 Sweep Gen $500.00 TEK 7904 500 MHz 4 -slot frame $500.00 HP 5318A-003 100 MHz/100 nS UNv $850.00 10-2400 MHz, aSen. TEK 7904. 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Probe $750.00 HP 5340A 18 GHz Frequency Counter $1,400.00 HP 435A/8482H Power Meter, $1,150.00 TEK P6201 900 MHz 1x/10x/100x FET Probe ..... $400.00 HP 5340A-01,11 18 GHz Counter, $1,800.00 0.1-4200 MHz, 3W OCXO, HPIB HP 435A/8484A Power Meter, $1,000.00 WAVEFORM & GENERATORS HP 5342A-1,4,5 24 GHz Counter, $3,900,00 10 MHz-113 GHz, 10uW oCxo, DAC. HPIB HP K486A WR42T ermistor Mount, 18.28.50 $400.00 HP 3310A 5 MHz Function Generator $325.00 SYSTRON 6054B -05,26 26.5 GHz Freq. $2,400.00 HP 06488A WR22 Power Sensor, $1,500.00 TEK D0501 Digital Delay Generator $ 375.00 Counter, GPIB 33.0.50.0 GHz TEK FG50211 MHz Fundion Generator $325.00 GR 1115C Crystal Frequency Standard $1,800.00 HP R486Á WR28Thermistor Mount. 26.5-40 G $400.00 WAVETEK 135 2 MHz Lin/Log $275.00 WAVETEK 1034A Portable Power $375.00 Sweep/Function Gen AUDIO & BASEBAND Meter,0.001 -18GHz HP 214B 10 MHz Pulse Gen., 50V / 50 ohms $2,250.00 AILTECH 7618E Noise Source. $675.00 HP 8080A 1 GHz Dual Channel Pulse Gen. $1,400.00 HP 3580A-002 Spectrum Analyzer, $1,850.00 15 dB, 0.01 -18 GHz HP 8082A 250 MHz Pulse Generator $1,400.00 5 Hz -50 kHz BOONTON 82AD Modulation Meter, $1,000.00 TEK PG502 250 MHz Pulse Generator, 1Pein3 $700.00 HP 3586C Selective Level Meter $1,750.00 10.1300 MHz HP 8165A Prog. Signal Source,t mHz-50 MHz $2,800.00 TEK 7L5-025/7603 20 Hz -5 MHz $2,250.00 M.S.C.MCS112 Noise Source, $325.00 TEKAWGS105 Arbitrary Waveform Ge erahn $3,000.00 Spectrum An.,w/freme 25.5 dB, 1 -12 GHz TEK PFG8505 Prog. $1,275.00 HP 334A Distortion Analyzer, -60 dBTHO $550.00 12 MHz Pulse/Function Gen. HP 339A Distortion Analyzer, -95 COAXIAL & WAVEGUIDE TEK DA4084 Distortion Analyzer. 0.0025 %THD $1,500.00 VOLTAGE & CURRENT FLUKE 8920A TRMS Voltmeter, 10 Hz -20 MHz $700.00 HP 11691D Dlr. Coupler, 22 dB, 2 -18 OW $500.00 HP 3400A RMS Voltmeter, 10 Hz -10 MHz $250.00 HP 11692D Dual Dir. Coupler,22 0,2 -18 GHz $900.00 HOLT 11 AC Thermd Converter Sat $4,500.00 HP 4204A Synthesizer, 10 Hz -1 MHz $350.00 HP 33330D Detector, 10 MHz- 330Hz, APC3.5 $275.00 SOLARTRON 7150 $ 550.00 ROCKLAND 5100 Synth $400.00 HP 764D Dual Dv. Coupler, 215-450 MHz $150.00 5-1/2 / 6 -1/2 digit OMM. GPIB 1 mHz- 1.999999999 MHz HP 7780opt.011 Duel Dir. $400.00 HP 6177C DC Current Source. b 50V,500mA $600.00 KROHN-HITE 3202 Dual HP /LP FI6ar, $600.00 Coupler,20 d13,0.1-2GHz HP 6181C DC Current Source, 100V, 250 mA $675.00 20 Hz -2 MHz HP 779D Dir. Coupler,20 dB, 1.7 -12.4 OHz $375.00 HP 6186C DC Current Source, to 300V,100mA ...... $750.00 KROHN-HITE 3342 Dual Filter, $1,100.00 HP 8472A Crystal Detector, 10 MHz-18014z $150.00 KEITHLEY 225 Current Source, 1 nA -99.9 mA $450.00 0.001 Hz -99.9 kHz HP R532A Frequency Meter, 26.5-40.0 ()Hz $500.00 PA. R. 189 Fiher /Amditler, 0.1 Hz-110 kHz $400.00 KRY1AR 202020016 Directional $200.00 IMPEDANCE & COMPONENT TEST ROCKLAND 752Aopt.02 Duty LOW $1,100.00 Detector, 2 -20 GHz Pass Filter, 115 dB/od MILITARY AS -1346B Double $75.00 HP 4800A Vector Impedance Meter $550.00 TEKAM502 Dtilensntal Amplifier $575.00 Ridge Horn, 3-8 GHz. N(I) NARRA Atten., 150 W. -1 BOONTON 62AD 1 MHz Ind. Meter, 2 -2000 uH $700.00 26298 20 dB DC OHt ...... $175.00 NARDA BOONTON 7280 1 MHz Cap. Meter, 2-2000 pF $700.00 RF & MICROWAVE 3000-SERIES Directional Couplers $150.00 HP 4342A 0 -Meter, 70 kHz -22 MHz, 0.5-1000 ... $2,250.00 NARDA 3090-SERIES Precision $225.00 MEGURO MO-171 VHF O Meter, 20-230 MHz $1,100.00 HP 11970A WR28 Harmonic Mixer. ,.,. 51,100.00 HI drotivey Coupler E.S.I. RS925 9- Decade Resistance Standard $2,000.00 26.5-40 GHz HARDA 4000-SERIES SMA Mum $75.00 E.S.I. SR1010 Resistance Transfer Standards $800.00 HP 5371A Modulation Domain Analyzer $5,900.00 Directional Couplers FLUKE 5450A Programmable $2,750.00 HP 8406A Comb Gen.,1 /10/100 MHz increment $450.00 NARRA 4203ó Dir. Coupler, 6 dB, $225.00 2 -18 Resistance Standard HP 8443A/racking Generator, 0.1 -110 MHz $700.00 GHZ,SMA GR 1409 Standard Mica Capacitors, 0.05% $150.00 HP 8444Aopto59 Thscidng Generator, $1, 300.00 NARRA 5070-SERIES Precision $300.00 GR 1432-N 5-Decade Resistor, 0.1 OHM -11K $275.00 0.5.1500 MHz Refractometer Couplers GR 1432-U4- Decade Resistor,0.01 -111.1 ohm $175.00 HP 85528 IF Section $750.00 NARDA 768-30 30 dB Atlan., 20%1( DC-11 0Hz $123.00 TRGA510WR28 Precision Auer, 0.50 dB $1,000.00 GR 1433 -X 6- Decade Resistor, 0.1 OHM-111K $550.00 HP 85538 RF Section, 1 kHz -110 MHz $500.00 1515 HP 4329A High Resistance Meter $1,350.00 HP 65848 RF Section. 0.1 -1250 MHz $800.00 WEINSCHEL Power Divider $125.00 TEK 576 Curve Tracer, to 220W $2,350.00 HP 8555A RF Section, 0.01 -18 GHz $950.00 DC -18 GHz, SMA TEK 577D1/177 Storage Curve Tracer $2,250.00 HP BSSSA System, with 85528 8 1417 $2,375.00 WEINSCHEL 1579 Power Divider $275.00 TEK 7CT1 N Curve Tracer, to 0.5W $500.00 TEKTRS03 Tracking Generator, 0.1.1800 MHz ..... $1,750.00 DC -26 5 GHz. 3mm HP 116658 Modulator, 015 -18.0 GHz $375.00 WEINSCHEL 3200-1 Prog Alten $200.00 0 -127 dB, DC -2 GHz POWER & SUPPLIES HP 8405Á Vector Voltmeter, l -1000 MHz $700.00 HP 85020A Directional Bridge, 0.01-4.3 GHz $750.00 WILTRON 97SF50 -1 Directional Bridge... $1,500.00 GLASSMAN PS/EG- 05R -06 $500.00 HP 85021A Directional Bridge, 0.01 -18 GHz $1,200.00 0.01.18 GHz 5 kV Power Supply, to 6mA NARDA 7000A Microwave Multimeter, $1,950.00 HP 6002Aopt.01 50V /10A $875.00 0.1.18 GHz MISCELLANEOUS Power Supply, to 200 W BOONTON 1020 Synth. Sig. Gen $1,850.00 HP 6023A Autorarlging Supply, 20V/30A/240W $1,150.00 0.15.540 MHz HP 28667A LAN Wire Test Instrument $750.00 HP 6114A Precision Power Supply. 40V IA $875.00 BOONTON 102C Signal Generator, $850.00 HP 4935A Transmission Test Set $1,650.00 HP 62818-027 20V at 50A CV/CC Power Supply $875.00 0.45-520 MHz HP 59401A HPIB Bus Analyzer $700.00 HP 62648 20V at 20A CV /CC Power Supply $500.00 FLUKE 6060A/AN Synthesizer, $2,000.00 TEK1411R-apt.04 PAL Test Signal Generator $2,750.00 HP 62668 40V at 5A CV /CC Power Supply $400.00 10 kHz-520 MHz TEK 144 NTSC Test Signal Generator $ 700.00 HP 6267B OV at 10A CV /CC Power Supply $850.00 GIGATRONICS 875/86 Levelled Multiplier, $8,000.00 TEK 147A NTSC Test Signal Generator $950.00 HP 6296A 60V at 3A CV/CC Power Supply ...... $400.00 Ka 8 V band TEK 148SR Waveform Monitor. NTSC 8 PAL $1,850.00 HP 6299A 100V at 750mA CV /CC Power Supply $250.00 HP 85100V Freq. Multiplier, 50-75 GHz out $4,250.00 TEK 521A PAL Vectoncope $1,500.00 HP 84388 60V at 5,4 CV /CC Power Supply $375.00 HP 8660C Synthesizer, with 86603A 5868338 $4,250.00 TEK J16/36523 Spot Luminance Photometer._. $900.00 HP 8255A 40V 1.SA Dual Output Supply $500.00 WILTRON 6742Aopt.O1 Synth Sig /Swp. $9,000.00 HP 59307A HPIB VHF Switch $200.00 TEK PS503A Dual Power Supply $250.00 Gen., 18-40 GHz P.A.R. 5208 Lock -In Amplifier, 2 Hz -200 kHz $3,000.00

VISA MASTERCARD OPEN ACCOUNT 90 DAY WARRANTY 10 DAY INSPECTION 87 CIRCLE 323 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com CALL TOLL FREE 1- 800 -292 -7711 C &S SALES WRITE FOR 1- 800 -445 -3201 (Can) EXCELLENCE IN SERVICE FREE CATALOG Line Tracker Dual -Display Electronic Tool Kit Model TK -1000 MV -963 LCR Meter A professional organizer tool kit at affordable prices. No student should be without this unique tool kit that holds all $52.95 w/ Stat Functions the tools you need. (Infra B +K -red Sensor) Model 878 Including: The robot follows $39.95 $239.95 Diagonal Cutter a black line Auto /manual range Long Nose Pliers on white paper Many features 6" Wire Stripper Preassembled PCB with Q factor Solder 60/40 High Accuracy 6" Screwdriver 6" Phillips Driver Robotic Arm Stereo Cassette Player Safety Goggles Y -01 Kit IC Puller $49.95 Model 3pc Nut Drivers Iron 25W (Wired Control) TR -18K Iron Stand Movement grabs $16.95 Solder Wick & releases, Desoldering Pump lifts & lowers, 5 pc Solder Ease Kit pivots from side to side 6.c Precision Screwdrivers Digital Elenco Digital Digital Multimeter LCR + DMM Capacitance 111111 LCR Meter EDM -83B LCM -1950 Meter LCR -680 $175.00 $79 CM -1555 $79.95 Irtion Almost every 12 Functions $49.95 3 -1/2 Digit Operation feature available Freq to 4MHz Measures capacitors LCD Display Bargain of Inductance Sine, Square, Triangle, Pulse from .1 pf to 20,000µf Inductance .2 Freq the decade Capacitance lull to 20Mo Ramp, to 2MHz, Ctr 3 -3/4 Digit Multimeter Digital Frequency Counter Fluke Multimeters BK -390 Multimeter Kit F -1225 (All Models Available Call) a1I $139.00 w/ Training Course $225.00 Scopemeters 70 Series 0.1% DCV accy M -2665K 8 Digit LED display Model97 $1,795 Model 7011 $69.95 Analog bar graph Wide meas range 10 Series Model 7311 $97.50 Auto /manual ranging $49.95 High sensitivity Model 10 $62.95 Model 7711 $149 Capacitance meas Full function 34 ranges Data hold function Model 12 $84.95 Model 7911 $175

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{ Elenco Available By Elenco Assembled $29.95 in U.S.A. PT -223 $15.95 Kit $28.95 XK-525 Sine, Triangle, Square Wave $159.95 AM /FM Transistor Kit Radio Kit MM -8000 XK -525K with Training Course y Elenco $129.95 Model AM /FM 108 $129.00 $29.95 From scratch you build a complete system. Designed for school projects, with 5 built -in 14 Transistor, 5 Diodes Our Micro -Master trainer teaches you to power supplies. Includes a function generator Easy to build because into RAMs, ROMs and run a 8085 with continuously variable, sine, triangular, schematic is printed on the PCB write square wave forms. All power supplies are Makes a great school project Kit TT -400K $19.95 microprocessor, which uses similar Model AM -550 AM Only $17.95 Assembled TT-400 $26.95 machine language as IBM PC. regulated and protected against shorts. WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD UPS SHIPPING: 48 STATES 5% C & S SALES INC. GUARANTEE IL 60015 l IL RES 7.5% TAX ($3 min $10 max) 1245 ROSEWOOD, DEERFIELD, FULL FACTORY WARRANTY Er/I2R> OTHERS CALL FAX: 708 -520 -0085 (708) 541 -0710 PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 88 CIRCLE 335 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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HITACHI POPULAR SERIES Elenco DS -203 20MHz, 1OMS /s FLUKE SCOPEMETERS V -212 - 20MHz, 2 Channel $425.00 Digital Storage Oscilloscope A handheld instrument that combines a V -222 - 20MHz, DC Offset $695.00 50MHz, 25MS /s dual channel digital storage V-422 - 40MHz, Dual Trace $849.00 oscilloscope with feature -packed 3000 count V -522 - 50MHz, Dual Trace $975.00 digital multimeter. V -523 - 50MHz, Delayed Sweep $995.00 d. 93 - $1,225 V -525 - 50MHz w/ Cursor $1 069.00 214dal 95 - $1,549 HITACHI COMPACT SERIES SCOPES 4.4d 97 - $1,795 V-660- 60MHz, Dual Trace $1,375.00 Autoset, automatically V -665A - 60MHz, DT, w /cursor $1,449.00 sets voltage, time & trigger V -1060 - 100MHz, Dual Trace $1,549.00 V -1065A - 100MHz, DT, w/cursor $1,695.00 Multimeter display; 2K Word Per Channel Plotter Output V -1085 - 100MHz, QT, w /cursor $2,125.00 3 -2/3 digits ( >3000 counts) 8 Bit Vert. Resolution 2048 Pts Hor. VC -6045A - 100MHz, Digital Stor CALL $749 True RMS volts; AC or Resolution Much More VC -6025A - 50MHz, Di ital Stor CALL AC +DC up to 600V CALL TOLL FREE II15 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE C &S SALES INC FULL FACTORY WARRANTY 1245 ROSEWOOD, DEERFIELD. IL 60015 1- 800 -292 -7711 T/f.-9. ALL PRODUCTS ARE FACTORY NEW FAX: 708 -520 -0085 (708) 541 -0710 1- 800 -445 -3201 (Can) PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 89 CIRCLE 335 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com SuADTM Data Acquisition Schematic & Control Hardware for PC's Entry Software ANA100 Analog I/O $ 99 DIG100 Digital I/O $ 39 for the IBM PC 8 Channel 8 -Bit 8255 PPI 0 to 5 Voll input 24 or48TTL I/O & Compatibles 14 TTL4 /O lines Lines Analog output Selectable Base $9900 400 Khz sampling Address ONLY ANA150 Analog/Counter... $ 89 DIG200 Counter I/O $ 79 COMPLETE PACKAG 8 Channel 8 -Sil 3 18-Bit Counters 0 to 5 Volt input 8 -Bit input port * Easy -to -use schematic entry program for circuit 3 18-Bit Counters 8-Bit output port 400 Khz sampling Selectable Clock diagrams frequency Input * Visable on- screen and pull down menus

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* Powerful editing and drawing commands 1 Channel 12 -Bit 8 Channel 12-Bit 0 to 5 Voll input r x1, x5, x10, x50 * Extensive digital, analog and discrete part libraries optional bi -polar Programmable 100 Khz sampling doe channel gain * In- depth, readable instruction manual 24 TTL I/O lines 100 Khz sample * Over 100 screens of on -line help information * Software includes part building and netlisting PC /MSDOS * Add P.C. board layout software and routing software for Engineering Software - only $9900 each Analyser III - Linear Circuit Analysis $ 149 AutoSkem - Schematic Drawing program $ 29 More Hardware and Write or call for FREE demo disk. \\1// CompDes - Circuit Design program E 29 Software items available EasyPC - PCB Layout and Circuit Drawing E 149 MENTAL AUTO MATI O N. INC Filtech - Filter Circuit Design and Analysis $ 229 Ask for our current catalog PC -Scope - Digital Storage Oscilloscope for ANA100 ANA150 or ANA201 board E 39 MasterCard/Visa accepted ORDERS/INFORMATION: Pulsar - Logic Circuit Analysis E 149 Send check or money orders to: Or Call Mental Automation, Inc, 5915 - 136th Place S.E. (206) 641 -2141 Bellevue, WA 98006 BSOFT Software, Inc. PHONE 614 -491 -0832 FAX 614 -497 -9971 Visa & MasterCard orders accepted! matt 444 COLTON ROAD COLUMBUS, OHIO ' 43207 ¡I1EREOitHF-* IM3tRUrnEMC5

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www.americanradiohistory.com HAND -HELD ANTISTATIC INFRARED KIT SCANNER CARRYING Includes assembled New units with CASE transmitter unit with PC- compatible Lined top and thirty buttons, detector "Interpreter" bottom with unit, printed circuit OCR software antistat foam. board, detector ampli- with imaging ca- Measures 13" fier IC, and all parts pability, 100-400 x 10" x TOD, with locking tabs and snap for needed to detect the DPI resolution, LED and audible scanning ground wire. Good for storing and carrying all signal from the trans- speed indicators. 8 -bit I/O card included. kinds of valuable goodies. mitter and convert it to Requires Windows. 95Z007 $4.95 each a serial TTL signal. SC04 -1 $59.95 each Schematics included. CD -ROM 93V010 $19.95 each STORAGE 24 VDC FAN CASES i 2- 15/16" sq. x 1" thick. TV Use for CD -ROMs 95F003 $4.95 each sold without a case DEMODULATOR BOARD or as a replacement ALLEGRO a broken one. Takes channel 3, 4 or 5 signal and demodu- for STEPPER MOTOR These have been lates the audio. Comes with info and sche- DRIVER IC salvaged from unsold, obsolete software. matics, and additional schematics to build 95U004 Three for $1.00 UCN5804. Single -step, two -phase and half- add-on video demodulator board. step modes. 1.25A rating. New. 92A028 $14.95 each STEPPER 931002 $4.50 each MOTOR Packaged with 5V stepper motor (92M010) 12V, 1A, 0.9° /step. and schematics. 1 -5/8" square x %" 931003 $9.95 each deep. 3/16" x '/z" 40- shaft. Made by Ja- CHANNEL pan Servo. CB TRANSCEIVER MODULE JOYSTICKS are new with book and schemat- 95M006 $4.95 each These units Two 150K pots. to be fully func- ACTIVE ics. They have been tested 93P005 tional. The microphones are missing. All the TRACKING $3.95 each controls and channel readout were in the LINE FILTER mike. Build a remote base or use for parts. 120VAC @ 7.5A. 95A001 $10.00 each 14-DAY Islatrol 1 -107. PROGRAMMABLE Spec sheets in- DIODE GRAB BAG TIMER cluded. Thousands of diodes of all kinds, including Originally used to ...... ,. 94P024 $19.95 each Zeners, Power, Schottky, Signal, etc. control a satellite .w; HARD DRIVE (Recycled) 94Z007 Half Pound Mix - $14.95 receiverthrough its IR port at a distance Micropolis 1325, 70 Meg, MFM, 5%" full 250 WATT TRANSISTOR PAIR of up to 23 ft. Time height. Complementary pair MJ 15024 and MJ15025, for eight distinct events. Modify it for 95C012 $99.00 each 250 Volt, 16 Amp transistors used for high your needs or dismantle it for its parts. Pro- power audio and other linear applications. grammable with a 2732 EPROM in a remov- VELOCIRAPTOR Application notes included. able "personality" module,the unit may be PLIERS 92S012 One Pair for $9.95 , modified to control any IR device through its Short serrated RESISTOR RIOT IR port. Contains Z80 CPU, clock display and jaws get a grip on ' /e, '/., 1/2 Watt, power, precision, fixed, ad- parts. Operates from 9VDC 500 anything from UHF through microwave. Long associated justable, etc. Thousands of pieces. mA wall transformer which is included. handles give good leverage. If you've ever 92P023 5 Lbs. for $4.95 BRAND NEW! been frustrated when trying to keep pulling 92V014 $9.95 each force on a component while unsoldering it, TIP110 TRANSISTOR 1111Ip these probably would have helped. Stainless 2A, NPN Darlington. TELEPHONE 490 each steel, box joint, spring -loaded, etc. 94S003 LINE TEST 665VF $9.95 each 100 for $39.95 - 1000 for $250.00 MODULE 33001.LF 16V AXIAL CAPACITOR When hooked up 1.625 "L x 0.625 "D. (95P013) to your phone line, SIZE "D" NICAD 95P013 50 for $19.95 this unit will flash BATTERIES USED TUBES - $1.00 EACH and answer the Strapped in pairs Your choice. Pulls, tested good. line after the first with welded con- 6A K5 6DE4 7Y4 ring - then hang up! Originally used for test- tacts. May be sepa- 6AX4 6SN7 12AU7 ing. Can be used to thwart prank phone rated with care. 6CG8 6V6 125J7 callers. Two alligator clips make hookup easy. $4.95 pair Prices good until October 31, 1995 95Z002 $2.49 each

Amex cards On -Line Ordering (408) 943 -0622 California residents sales tax 14400 N-8-1 Hrs. Shipping additional on all orders Baud 24 2300 Zanker Road - San Jose, CA 95131 Catalog by E -Mail: [email protected] (408) 943 -9773 - Fax (408) 943 -9776 inj 030995 J 91 CIRCLE 215 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com '44995 Device Programmers '13995 Connects to 48 PIN standard Easy to use software, parallel printer port ZIF PC on -line help, full sceen editor Fast Programming (EMP -20) 27C010A, 23 seconds 28CO20, 34 seconds 27C040, 95 seconds Made in USA

1 Year Warranty Technical Support by phone 30 day Money Back Guarantee FREE software upgrades available via BBS Demo SW via BBS (EM2ODEMO.EXE) (PB10DEMO.EXE) E(e)proms 2716 - 8 megabit, 16 bit 27210- 27240, 27C400 & 27C800, Flash 28F256-28F020, (29C256- 29C010 (EMP -20 only)) Micros 8741A, 42A, 42AH, 48, 49, 48H, 49H, 55, 87C51, 87C51FX, 87C751,752 GAL, PLD from NS, Lattice, AMD -16V8, 20V8, 22V10 (EMP -20 only) FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL 4630 Beloit Drive, Suite 20 NEEDHAM'S ELECTRONICS, INC. (916) 924.8037 Sacramento, CA 95838 BBS 916 -924 -8094 (Monday- Friday, 8 am -5 pm PST) C.O.D. VISA FAX 916- 924 -8065

CIRCLE 257 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Tube et General Purpose Projects

Audio Transformers 4111111pr 41111111111111 for Tube Construction N01 Inputs - Line/Mic HIGH MOM MI SIC UK we PRID66 `áiÉs 11 DUALITY 1 156k° p44pp0AS$55pppp Z 55pp CHASSIS AT 1Sk SM. AT 15k rJ0 B LmE OUmVT 46.76 B.EO FOR NEW Rack Cppphpsssl. TUBE Metal CebInsto. Tube PROJECTS! 1aa5°W°L 1Wa0651.76 34Ó0 .00 YODEL D.N51R 16U? 19 0 7 01.76 38.50 18.50 Dp Dp MC.IA 4.302 12.00 14.00 g9g [Outputs 15610 II 010 0 1.75 36.75 50.00 W1ñ B.°0 00 LC SERIES MC-2A 8. 3 0 2 14.00 16.00 11612 i901201.75 4275 56.00 7A ÑFANOf(( FIELD REMOVABLE TOP AND BOTTOM 01)130- ANODIZED MC-3A ON 3.2 16.00 16.00 151116 19 016 0 1.76 4575 5000 pOOVUT-iLvY ALUMINUM PANELS. FRONT & REAR PANELS O&63' MC-4A 00 503 14.00 16.00 15X17 19 017 0 1.75 46.75 60.00 OUTPÚT 15TAµö fETPÉ° FRÉWNE cY MC-6A 6 0 5 0 RESPONSE .2 EB.trI Sk HA GOLD ANODIZED ALUMINUM; OTHER PARTS BLACK 3 18.00 16.00 26110 195035 3510 41350 MC.A 8.503 16.00 2000 21107 19 7 0 15 36.75 5075 ANODIZED. VENTED CAGES & OAK ENDS AVAILABLE. 61G70 40704 16.00 18.00 261110 1901003.6 4120 5100 Power Supply MC-6A 60704 1100 2000 26512 19 012 0 35 4525 56.25 IIOLSI 9ECDIaMr PNC6= MC-9A 80704 20.00 22.00 26U16 19 0 15 0 35 4825 60.50 Series 2 n r E MC-10A 6.50701.75 3200 34.50 261117 19.17 0 3.5 5125 82.50 hE MC-11A rt 225V 9V1 9L ÁRE 900 11.00 6.5.100115 34.00 36.50 SESCO 36U5 19 0 6 0 5.26 46.00 56.50 16C-12A 6.50140175 36.00 3E.50 36U7 19 . 7 .525 46.50 80.75 PT-2 BYS MC-13A ö:.o-AmA3 IV 8 MY/P18.0024.00 LC. 150 100 [ 50 50.00 5250 8.5.7.35 33.50 30.00 36U10 19. 10 0 5.25 51.00 83.00 MC-14A 8.5.10035 35.50 3500 KFO ÓFÑR 36X12 19 0 54.00 PT-3 LE-2 200 100.50 56.00 57.50 .12 5.25 8625 30,PP00 1A 8Z3' 8 10WF200026.00 -MC-16A 8.5.14035 37.50 4000 L 35216 19015.5.26 6700 7010 B:Ay LE-4 100.50 00.00 82.50 SORE USED .MC-1M 17.7.1.75 34.4 3800 INc LE-6L J00I 50 150076 5400 Al[ 21617 19 17 0 5.25 8000 72.50 FrI 4Wh100 50.00 MC-17A 17. 10. 1.75 4025 O 150 .75 56.00 00.00 ORSI 36.75 NU (S E.mO PAP R.DrtxRM SNARLS 7.50 9.00 C5RV 16C-1M 17 x 1/5 42.75 46.25 LE-7 320°00 1S0.76 00.00 81.00 1/. l 'MC-196 17.7.35 36.75 4025 /ON LE-11 400 150 .76 06.00 08.00 MC-206 17 0 100 3.5 39.25 42.75 200 0 75 64.00 00.00 ITED MC-21A 17. 14.3.5 45.25 46.75 °01 220050 100 0 75 66.00 89.00 TET rxTnA ARA FRpnnRARSNARLS Pots Mr.2 LC-11 300 200 0 75 70.00 74.00 USE IS UM OUR 500 7.50 08111 TROUGH PART LC-12 425 200 0 75 75.00 79.00 I SV6HM0 APOT-1 OOk 1g 21Ì5 3.00 LE-13 250 250 0 100 70.00 76.00 oN% LÑ MpGINA1 PoT-2 00k L00 2 T5 3,OD LC-1/ 300 250 0 100 76.00 81.00 t RACKE,S0 :V .c DiCKEM APOT.3 OOk OUN 8.50 e00 LC-15 350 200 0 100 50.00 85.00 Table APoT. 00k 0 L00 8.50 80D LC-f6 425 250 0 100 06.00 91.03 Top Racks PoT. 70k 8 UN 275 3.00 CASE STYLE A All HARDWARE SUPPLIED. YODEL 41'2 PHAGE j Ú"9 uT1 M túNO ái iW Mini Project Boxes APOT. M S LOO 2.75 é '=:W 17.éó 300 PRIG[ 5 mis A . M O LIN 5.4 64 GREAT LITTLE BOXES A 19 M YODEL Ó SO A II SSO-l2 -II 12 í100:W áá 600 600 FOR LOW COST ,w, P CTURED APoT-n o Loo e.eo 7aD MP61 10 2 N 1.96 225 od is CONSTRUCTION 671/ 49-NOS lnNroR6AL8. WITH OPTIONAL EoR 9uANCR.DI MOLMIND HOLE3Omn I D M ; DESIGNED TO OET 170-3 10801 28855 320 RE 1 RACK EARS p1 MOWING HOLES O . THE JOB DONE 3r W MPB. 15 02.15 2.06 225 Omen 1 Di RAG( HATTERNOBS Ismen SSW') DIA x CASE STYLE B WITHOUT THE MPB. 1.5 0 4 0 1.5 256 2.85 RACKEN :V' STACKEM FRILLS' MPS. 15 .8 1.5 100 3.80 6- 9P4OlE Ó.qj MPB-7 1.5.2.3 225 2.55 BOXES IED MPB. 150403 2.75 3.15 MPS. 1.5. I .3 4.00 4.50 WaD.NtN 339 0 a33p6 pp22yppy MPB -10 1.5 .2 .5 2.50 3.00 555 Sockets MP15-11 1.5.405 2.95 355 l x Ì.BS 5 25 04P612 1.50606 425 605 PART TYPE A MP613 2.202 2.20 2.00 MPB-14 115 MO 7711 P 313 2 10 2.4.2 2.85 R 6ÌJ is 1X15 36.183 63 MPB-16 2.6.2 4.40 5.00 PIN 90 2 10 ASSORTED MOUNTING ACCESSORIES P 1 MP616 20802 686 7.35 ALSO A UP617 E 766 e N CTAL999° 3 0 3.2.3 2.45 295 TH MN OCTAL P 260 2>0 MPS-16 2.90 3.50 30403 UNFO ET MP618 3.803 4.20 4.90 IENFML FOR MINI MP620 308.3 4.65 5.45 ALL BOXES ARE SHIPPED FLAT NaúóFÓ HuTALbo MORE INFO REQUEST PROJECT BOX MP621 40603 455 5.15 FOR EASY FABRICATION -ie° CATALOG TB -1 MP13-22 401003 4.75 5.45 ALTHOUGH NOT DESIGNED FOR TUBE UNLESS OTHERWISE BOXES HAVE MP600 401203 6.70 6.30 PANELS CONSTRUCTEDOF O63 ANODIZED CONSTRUCTION. THESE ARE VERY MP13-26 0 6.80 ALUMINUM (SIDES ARE 0125') FRONT AND REAR WRITE OR FAX FOR OTHER CATALOGS: USEFUL IN LABS. DESIGNED WITH SIX T4E00116 33E1 06.11.408 PANELS ARE CLEAR BALANCE OF BOX IS BLACK 0.04- FLAT RAW ALUMINUM PANELS BUCK OR GOLD FRONT 0 REAR AVAILABLE FOR AN AUDIO SOLUTIONS, CONSTRUCTOR'S HARDWARE, AND IACRO EXTRUSION. ADDITIONAL $5.00. AUDIO SIPS and AUDIO TRANSFORMERS ® SESCOM, INC. ORDER TODAY ORDERS (800) 634 -3457 FAX (800) 551 -2749 ALL PRICES INCLUDE WORLDWIDE SHIPPING! HOURS 2100 WARD DRIVE A IS USA. CANADA A MEXICO; B IS REST OF WORLD OFFICE (702) 565 -3400 FAX (702) 565 -4828 Monday thru Friday HENDERSON, NV SA TECH LINE (702) 565 -3993 M -Th 8 am to 4 pm (PST) CÓM SESCOM, INC. is not responsible for inadvertent typographical errors. o VIII 8 am'til 4 pm (PST) 89015 530°OIMINI UM Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. 92 CIRCLE 269 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com 1 YEAR WARRANTY Solutions for the lest Instrument 15 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE POWER SUPPLY FRED. COUNTER Four Instruments i n One Instrument Function Generator Power Supply 1u9á. MT-1 00 v f Sine, Square, Triangle, Pulse, 3 -1/2 Digit LCD Skewed Sine, Ramp, TTL Triple output: #1. 0 -50V, 0.5A MAX Ref. $599. 0.2 Hz - 2MHz #2, 15V, 1A #3. 5V, 2A ft+180.,® : - `- © Frequency Counter 4 Digital Multimeter $399.00 8 Digit LED 3 -1/2 Digit LCD Ím)1, 1 Hz - 100MHz DCV, ACV, 0, DCA, ACA r ± (1 Hz + 1 dgt. + lime Base Error) t (0.5% + 2 dgts) SWEEP FUNCTION GENERATOR MULTI -METER FG -140 2MHz Function Generator 2MHz Sweep Function Gen. wlFreq. Counter 1.0GHz Frequency Counter, High Resolution

Reg. $249. $149.00 0.2 Hz - 2.0 MHz, FG -150 FC -200 1.0Hz - 1.0GHz 4 Digit LED Display 7 Decades Reg. $399. 8 Digit LED Sine, Square, Ref. $399. $229.00 Sine, Square, $219.00 Display Triangle, TTL, Triangle, Pulse, Auto & Manual Pulse, Ramp, Ramp, Skewed Range Skewed Sine 111111111 J )J L.)J-i.l ; 4 Gate Sine J s Linear/Logarithmic Selectable VCF, Symmetry --r as+8r- Sweep Times :t'y-4á'M,í4 :7777. u7: Variable DC :1..di. t - 10 MHz Freq. 1M(1 &50D Input Offset Control Counter Impedance GoldStar O'scopes PS -500 DC Power Supply PS -540 DC Power Supply Cursor Readout & Digital Storage Req. $249. $159.00 Reg. $399. $289.00 Call 04. 0 -30VDC 0 -16VDc 0.1 -3A 0.1 -10A BMC Unbeatable Prices Short & Overload Protection Short & Overload Protection Deluxe O'scopes w /Phillips CRT. 2 yr. Parts /Labor Warranty

OS -3304 Reg. OS-3304 25MHz, Dual Trace OS -3315 $499. BeIMERIT $339.00 u DC to 25 MHz. Dual Channel 40MHz, Dual Trace 6" Rectangular CRT with DM5050C Internal Graticule 10x8cm Sweep Delayed (Phillips P31) DM5100 Reg. $799. Uncalibration LED. $549.00 High Sensitivity 1 mV/div to ort 2mV /div X -Y modes, Z Axis (intensity modulation) Rise time 14n Sec. or less. Full TV Trigger for TV -V & N -H Ref. OS -3324 $599. Acceleration Potential 2kV $399.00 60MHz 9(1.X10) Probe Kit: 2 sets Power: 115 /230V AC DC to 40 MHz. Dual Channel Delayed Sweep OS -3324, 3 Function 100nS to 1.0S u OS -3304 7 decade 6" Rectangular CRT with Internal Dual Component Tester/Comparator © Graticule 10x8cm (Phillips P31) © Triple DC Power Supply Uncalibration LED. OS -3344 Reg. $899. 5VDC, +12 VDC, -12VDC High Sensitivity 1 mV /div to Features (DM5050C/DM5100) 2mV /div X -Y modes, Z Axis Basic DCV Accuracy: ± 0.25% $649.00 (intensity modulation) AC/DC Volt & Amp, Ohm OS -3344, 5 Function less. Rise time 8.5nS or Diode, Continuity Beeper u + © + © OS-3324 Full N Trigger for N -V & N -H Alligator Clip Test Leads Acceleration Potential 12kV Lead HoldersNelcro Strap Holster Frequency Counter 4 Variable Hold Off 100MHz, 7 Digit LED Display 16ns - 1.0s Time Base DM5050C, DMM + Capacitance u Function Generator 60MHz (X1.X10) Probe Kit: 2 sets 9 Function / 42 Range 0.02 Hz to 2.0 MHz Power: 115/230V AC Multimeter Ohm: Up to 2000MS2 Amp: AC /DC 2 Amp Probe Kit DMM Oscilloscope Capacitance Meter Pen-Type w/Logic Multifunction DMM Extended Capacitance Meter (9 Range) Switch Selectable X1/ X10 0.1 pF - 20,000pF R.q. $79. Req. $79. $59.00 Req. $89. $49.00 $59.00 Zero Adjust Knob Trig Lamp CM210 DM150 DM3050 31/2 Digit 31/2 Digit 3 1/2 Digit DM5100, Wide Range w /Logic LCD Dual Display 1.5" Big LCD 11 Function / 45 Range Auto & Manual Duty, 0.1p- 20,000yF Heavy Auto Power Off 9 Ranges DCV, ACV, 20A AC/DC HP-9060, 60MHz Data Hold & Peak Hold 0.5% basic ACA, DCA, 11 Capacitance $.29. 49. $19.00 Accu. Logic Frequency Freq: Up to 20MHz HP-9150, 150MHz Zero Adjust CMOS/TTL TR -hFE Amp: Up to 20A AC /DC R.q. 09. $29.00 Knob Data Hold Diode Ohm: Up to 200MS2 Test Leads & Diode Continuity Capacitance: 1p - 200pF HP-9250, 250MHz Built in Continuity Holster Logic: TTL, TR hFE Req. $59. $39.00 Socket 64dv/t g q4ee ri Best soanee 104 er.. dliyle sia.da4ci etectnorcict BM 800-532-3221 93 20 Highpoint, Dove Canyon, CA 92679 (714) 586 -2310 Fax (714) 586 -3399

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www.americanradiohistory.com ZEST EIP1'//'-1/1:-. \-T ALFAELECTRONICS / ; / t DMM 89 $199.95 DMM 2360 DMM 20 Fluke Multlmeter Most Advanced DMM $119.95 $74.95 Fluke 12 $84.95 Holster C -10 $10 All Purpose & Communication Inductance: 1µH-40H DMM +LCR Meter Capacitance:lpF-2001F Fluke 70 II $67.5 -80.7 to 81.4 dBm with 40- 12000 Very Versatile DALt1 Frequency 1Hz -20MHz Fluke 73 II $94 20 reference impedances Vol, amp, ohm, diode, Fluke 75 II $129 True RMS Inductance: 10H -40H 20 Amp AC/DC current Frequency counter: 0.01 Hz -10MHz Capacitance: 1 pF -40pF Transistor HFE Holster C -70 $16

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8 Function, AC/DC voltage, AC/DC current, resistance Built -in C meter, diode test and audible continuity died[ High voltage 1000V and 20A range Two variable 0- 30VDC, 0-3A outputs 0.5% basic accuracy One fixed 5 VDC, 3A output DM-8040 (3% Digits, True RMS) Auto tracking Measures ACV to 50 kHz $339.95 Auto serial and parallel operation Constant voltage and constant current mode DM-8055 (5'/2 Digits) $649.95 Continuous/dynamic load can be selected 0.006% basic accuracy 4 analog or 2 digital displays 1 V, 1mO, I nA resolution Features dBm measurement Dual Channel ALT Triggering PC -3030 : (0.30V, 0 -3Ax2) $499.95 Auto range, relative mode, Max/Min 1 /div Hold Off Function High sensitivity mV $889.95 Delayed Sweep Trigger, level lock function PC -3030D : Digital display $549.95 DM-8055G(5'/2 Digits, GPIB) Built-in Delay Line Z -axis input,ut, CHI output Programmable DC Power Supplies TV Sync 2 probes(Pxl, x10) Model DM -392 20 MHz Oscilloscope (33/. digits) $109.95 -622B $344.95 Auto/Manual im 38 ranges) OS 42 Segment analog graph Data Hold/Min -Max memory /Relative mode * Auto power off " Overload protection " Audible continuity check /diode test * Capacitance: 1peF-40µF Frequency: O.1Hz-1MHz 20 Am Douublle high energy fused 20A High stability , low drift, 4 digit display 0((1A,.3 % a Front/rear output -sense switch selectable * AC True RMS 1-394 only) Auto step running w /timer settings Dual trace, X -Y operation 100 point programmability PS series) TV Sync.. Z-axis input,ÇH 1 output 50 point programmability (PPT senes) High sensitivity 1 m-V /div and arallel operation (PPT series) level lock Auto serial Tngger Auto tracking (PPT series), IEEE-488.2 and SCPI DM -351 : 3'/2 Digits w/Continuity, Auto " 2 probes (xl, x10) compatible command set (optional) DM -352 : 3%2 Digits, Cap. Freq. liFFEE Amp $79.95 - 40 readout S 734.95 1099.95 OS -645B MHz Cursor PPS -18600 0-18V, 0 -6A) DM -353 : 3y2 Digits, Cap. Freq. Temp. hFE $84.95 PPS -3635G 0-36V.0 -3.5A) 1099.95 OS-625B - 20 MHz Cursor readout $ 549.95 DM -391 : 3% Digits, Auto, Cap. Freq. Min Max 599.95 PPS -6020G 0-60V 0-2A) 1099.95 OS-623B - 20 MHz w/Delayed Sweep $ 449.95 DM -392 : 3'/. Digits, Hold, Min/Max 20Amp $109.95 PPT -18300 ((((((0 -18V 0 -3Ax2, 0-6V 0-5A) $1399.95 : 3'/. Digits, Peak, Logic, hFE Freq $119.95 OS -935 - 5 MHz One channel $ 209.95 PPT -3615G 0-36V, 0- 1.5Ax2, 0-6V, 0-3A) $1399.95 DM -393 DM -394 : 3% Digits, TRMS, Same as bM 392 $129.95 ALFA ELECTRONICS (800) 526- 2532/(609) 520 -2002 15 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE 2 YEAR WARRANTY FAX:(609) 520 -2007 CALL OR WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG AND QUANTITY DISCOUNT. 08540 741 Alexander Rd., Princeton, NJ Visa, Master Card, American Express, COD, Purchase Order Welcome 95 CIRCLE 213 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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www.americanradiohistory.com 28 VDC 50 AMP SUPPLY CABLE TV - PP- 4763A/GRC power supply produces 28 VDC 50 amps from 115/230 VAC 22/11 amp 47 -63 Hz input; +/-0.5% DESCRAMBLERS regulation. Has meters 0 -50 VDC and 0 -80 amps DC; 13.5x19.5x15, 145 lbs. (Shipped UPS) USED...$195.00 NOBODY BEATS HANDS -FREE HEADSET OUR PRICE! U'NICOM 49.86 MHz FM radio i._ headset for use in high noise areas. Has throat mic and ear SAVE MONEY -DON'T RENT cushions with EPA noise -reduction rating of 23 DB. Also Volume and Squelch, Velcro adjustable head web and mic SOGpM SCIENTIFIC straps, 6' antenna, and fiberglass case. Requires two 9V ATLANTA kizza batteries; 6 lbs. MODEL 7800H, NEW $99.50 each QUANTITY DISCOUNTS! 24 HOUR SHIPPING 50 UH ROLLER MASTER CARD AMEX VISA C.O.D. INDUCTOR CALL VIDEO CONNECTIONS, INC. 38 -TURNS 3/8"W edgewound silvered ribbon forms 8'Lx4.3' 1000 dia coil; fiberglass end plates. P/o 1 KW antenna tuner; o/a 7.3x13x5.2, 8 lbs. sh. #L1/CU938, USED $55.00 1- 800 -677 -0321 10 UH ROLLER INDUCTOR, 18 -turns #16 silver- tinned wire Anyone implying theft of service will be denied assistance. forms 2' dia coil. 3.5x4.5x2.6, 3 lbs. #021 -7029, All shipping and handling at customer's expense NEW $28.00 NO FLORIDA SALES cw-2o AUDIO OUTPUT METER TS -585 output meter for audio amps, filters, oscillators. 310 St Ranges 0.1 -5 mw, -10 -+7 dbm; 1-50 mw, 0 -+17 dbm; 10- I Garfield Suite 4 NeW Low Price! 500 mw, +10 -+27 dbm; 100-5000 mw, +20 -+37 dbm read PO Box 2748 on 3.5' dia meter. Multiplier circuit x0.1, x1, x10, x100 ELECTRONÌCS Eugene, C $59.00 allows input impedances 2.5 to 20000 ohms in 40 steps; 30 -10000 Hz response. 8.5x11x5.5, 17 lbs. The TDD -8X features a V o I USED $79.50; MANUAL-REPRO $8.50 large 8 -digit LED display and TDD-8X c decodes all 16 DTMF digits. The 104 character memory is TEST EQUIPMENT 5 5 5 2, I 2 viewed, without loss of data, by o HP -400E AC 1 o VOLTMETER, my -300 V full scale & -72 -+52 DBM in 12 steps. scrolling either left or right. Used-checked $155.00 Although a is HP -410C MULTIMETER, +/ -15 my -1500 VDC in 11 steps, 0.5-300 VAC in 7 steps, computer not required, the serial ASCII output DC current 1.5 ua-150 MA, & 10 ohms -10 Megohms. Used- checked ... $195.00 allows automatic logging of decoded number groups. ToneLogn'', Limited quantities; "used- reparable' condition: our IBM /Compatible logging software is included. Available HP- 141T/8552B/8555A SPECTRUM ANALYZER, 10 MHz to 18 GHz $1995.00 accessories include a Plastic Mounting Kit ($15), Audio/ HP -8555A RF SECTION í/141T, 20 Hz -300 KHz $175.00 Computer Cables ($20) and a 12VDC AC Power Adapter ($10). HP -84458 TRACKING PRESELECTOR for 8555A $495.00 Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and Government Purchase Orders accepted. Minimum Government Purchase Order. $99. COD Prices F.O.B. Lima, 0. VISA, MASTERCARD, DISCOVER Cash or Money Order only. S /H: $6 USA/Canada; $15 Foreign COD: $5. Allow for Shipping Write for latest Catalog Info: (503) 687 -2118 Orders: (800) 338 -9058 Fax: (503) 687 -2492 Address Dept. ES Phone 419/227 -6573 Fax 419/227 -1313 Or contact motron.info @emerald.com fora catalog via the Internet FAIR RADIO SALES 1016 E. EUREKA Box 1105 LIMA, OHIO 45802

CABLE TV DESCRAMBLER KITS Universal -New Product Tri-Mode Descrambler SB -3 Descrambler This Product includes all the Parts, This product includes all the parts This Product includes all PC Board, Complete Schematic PC Board and AC Adaptor. the Parts, PC Board and with Functional Guide. Generates NO Enclosure included. AC Adaptor. Enclosure Sync for most Video Applications. is not included. $79.95 $59.95 $44.95 Call Toll Free 1- 800 -886 -8699 M & G Electronics, P.O. Box 3310, No. Attleboro Mass. 02761

98 Anyone implying theft of Cable service will be denied assistance. NO MASSACHUSETTS SALES!

www.americanradiohistory.com DO- IT- YOURSELF AUDIO AMPLIFIER KITS Catalog 213/888 -8988 Mark V Electronics, Inc. In business since 1985 Free Fax 213/888 -6868 8019 E. Slauson Ave., Montebello, CA 9O64 Order 1- 800 -521 -MARK /1- 800 -423 -FIVE Kit skill levels are specified as beginner V intermediate or W advanced!

AF -2 AA 120 -250W MOSFET POWER MOJVO AMPLIFIER (6 lbs.) METAL CABINETS WITH ALUMINIUM FRONT PANEL (4 -10 lbs.) Power Output: 250W into 4 ohms RMS(42VX2 8A 3- 22,000HZ. - - LG-1273 3x12x7" S 26.50 transformer is used). Frequency Response: Best" "' a THD: 43.03 %. Signal to Noise Ratio: 91 dB. Sensitivity: 1V - y' LG-1684 4x16x8" 32.50 a 1 RMS at 47K. Load Impedance: 4 or 8 ohms. Power LG-1924 4x19x11 %:" 38.25 Suggested Requirement: t46VDC 4A or t80VDC 8A. LG-1925 5x19x11 t/z" 42.00 Mark V model 012 transformer. Capacitor: 10,000uf 80V LG-1983 21/4x19x8" 35.25 Kitt 89.80 A.mb$ 114.8° $ model 016. Su ested Metal Cabinet LG -1925. $ 5 AF -3 W 300W MOSFET HIGH POWER MONO AMPLIFIER (7 lbs.) POWER TRANSFORMERS &"TOROIDAL 5 Power Output: 300W into 4 ohms RMS. 230W into 8 TRANSFORMERS (5-12 lbs.) ohms RMS. Frequency response: 10HZ- 20KHZ.THD: < ir001 28/30V x 2 8A S 30.00 o f 0.03 %. Signal to noise ratio:91dB. Input Sensitivity & 002 36V x 2 3A 25.00 f Impedance at 1KHZ, 1V 47K Load Impedance:4 -16 003 40V x 2 6A 32.00 f ohms. Power Requirement: t55 to t85VDC 8A.Suggested etip, ''008 28/30V x 2 6A 40.00

Kit: 8 185.00 Mark V model 009 Transformer. Capacitor 10,000uf 60V »009 48/53V x 2 8A 66.00 a Asmb.$ 195.00 model 016. Recommended Metal Cabinet LG -1925. Niftwol 012 33/40/42Vx2 6A 48.00 TA- 800MK2 AA 120 +120W PRE & MAIN STEREO AMP. (4 lbs. TY -2 FLUORESCENT LIGHT DRIVER s Power Output:120W into 4 ohms RMS. 72W Into 8 ohms This unit drives 6-40W n RMS. Frequency Response:10-20KHZ. THD: <0.01 %. fluorescent light for port- n Control: Bass ±12dB, Mid & Treble ±8dB. able and emergency use. g Tone g Sensitivity: Phono Input, 3mV into 47K. Line, 0.3V into Kit:$ 14.75 Works from a 7.2 -18V DC 47K Signal to Noise Ratio: 88dB. Power Requirement: A.mb.$ 20.50 battery. Includes a "Hi- 40VDC © 6A. Suggested Mark V model 001 or 008 Efficiency Switching Mode IC Driving Circuit" Kit:$ 87.92 transformer. Recommended Metal Cabinet LG -1924. suitable for use with different lights. (1 Ib.) o A.mb.t 88.95 o r TA-1000A AA 100W DYNAMIC CLASS A MONO AMP. (4 lbs. TR -503A REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY r d d Power Output: 100W into 8 ohms RMS, 125W into 4 ohms It is short circuit proof e RMS. Frequency Response: 10HZ-100KHZ THD: and has overload protect- e <0.008 %. Signal to Noise Ratio:80dB. Sensitivity: 1V. alifft ion. Output voltage is Power Requirements: 35 to 45VDC fa 3A. Suggested Mark Kit:$ 18.75 Asmb.$ 27.85 variable over a range of0- V model 001 or 008 transformer. Capacitor 10,000uf 80V 50V. Current limit trip is adjustable up to max of o Klt:$ 54.00 A.mb.$ 74.00 model 018. Recommended Metal Cabinet LG -1924. 3A. Suggested Mark V 002 transformer. (1 Ib.) o TA -388 AAA CLASS A FET DYNAMIC BUFFER STEREO PRE -AMP. (1 Ib.) SM -302 AA60 +60W STEREO POWER AMP. t a a Frequency Response (at rated output): Overall 10HZ- It provides 3 input jack Nom= 100KHZ +0.5dB-1dB. THD: Overall <0.007% at or below pairs. One pair accept a rated output level. Channel Separation (at rated output high impedance micro- Kit:8 75.00 phone. The two remain- Y 1KHZ): Overall better than 70dB. Hum & Noise: Overall A.mb.$ 94.00 better than 90dB. Input Sensitivity (1KHZ for rated ing pairs are for high & output): 300- 600mV. Maximum Output Level: Pre -Amp low level input sources. Power Output: 80W output 1.8V (0.1% THD). Power Requirement: 30V X 2 per channel into 4 ohms RMS. 20HZ- 20KHZ. 9 Kit:884.00 Asmb.B 80.00 THD:<0.1 %. Input Sensitivity: Mic/Guitar 9 .8.11 10mV,Hi 380mV,Lo 640mV. Ready to plug in SM -100 W 150 MHZ 8 DIGIT FREQUENCY COUNTER (2 lbs. when assembled. (11 lbs.) o N ' ' _ Frequency Range: 10HZ- 150MHZ. Gate Time: 0.01s, New tetease_. SCHOOL PROJECT KITS SOURCE r ,- 0.1s, 1s, 10s. Input Sensitivity: 4íZ range 10HZ-10MHZ 20mV(min.). MHZ range 1 MHZ- 120MHZ 20mV(min.), SM-688 Dynamic Noise Reduction 26.00 $ m 120MHZ- 150MHZ 35mV (min.), 150MHZ- 200MHZ TA-006 8W Mini -Amplifier 9.50 o fiila40mV(typical). Time Base: 10MHZ crystal, ±10 ppm. TA -28 Digital Voice Memo Y 25.00 Input Impedance: 1M ohm. Response Time: 0.2s. TA -120 38W Class A Power Amp. AA 32.50 r Resolution: 0.1 HZ: 10s gate time, 1HZ: 1s gate time, TA -201 Mircophone Mixer Mono Amp.A 20.79 e 10HZ: 0.1s gate time, 100 HZ: 0.018 gate time. Hold the TY-45 20 Bar/Dot Level Display AA 41.45 last input signal. Reset counter to 0. DC 9V power TY-43 3'% Digital Panel Meter 30.00 or 1.5VX4 "D "size batteries.(Adapter not included) Kit:$ 79.00 Asmb.$ 99.00 adapter See our catalog for more kitsl

Minimum order $ 20.00. We accept Visa, MasterCard & Money Orders. Checks allow 2 weeks for clearance. We ship by UPS ground inside US (min S 4.00) and ship by US mail outside US. Please call for orders over 2 lbs. or fax foreign orders: PO Orders are welcome from schools. We are not responsible for typographical errors. 99

CIRCLE 198 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com Fluke Model 12 /EParts Ultimate 12" AÚ1290 Dual VC Subwoofer Multimeter 12" Just one listen to this dual voice coil subwoofer The Model 12 compact xpress, from Ultimate will leave no doubt that this sub can digital multimeter com- shake, rattle, and roll! Works extremely well in bines basic features, car audio, home theatre, or satellite /subwoofer high performance, low systems. Handcrafted in the U.S.A. cost and Fluke reliabil- / Power handling: 350 watts RMS /500 watts max ity. It was designed for Voice coil diameter: 2 inch ASV voice coil *Impedance: first level electrical and 6 ohms per coil Frequency response: 18 -1,000 Hz electronic troubleshoot- IN 1W/1m Magnet weight: 90 oz. Fs: 21 Hz SPL: 88 dB ing. Includes 9V bat- weight: 11 lbs. VAS: 5.9 cu. ft. OTS:.421 XMAx:.41" Net tery, operating manual, $107.80(4 Parts Express is proud to #EN- 292 -710 $115.50(1-3) -11) $99.90(12-uP) and test leads. Two FLUKE. announce that we now year manufacturer warranty. stock the high quality NTE Features: Measures AC/DC volts, Technicians' Turntable Idler Tire Kit 4000 count digital display, line of semiconductors. Have the tire you Autoranging, Automatic shut off, NTE has been supplying Turn- table to need in stock Diode and continuity test, *1.5% ac- the electronics industry with ChekTM speed when you need it. curacy, V overload protec- top notch replacement parts repair of VCRs, TVs and more. Eas- This comprehen- tion mode, Capacitance check to for over 15 years. All NTE ily turn unit for convenient repair. sive kit contains 180 of the most 999 uF, *0.9% accuracy, Min /Max products meet or exceed in- Holds up to 200 lbs. Dimensions: commonly used tires in an easy -to- Record with time stamp, Input reference for alert, Continuity Captur&"4 dustry specifications and 20" W x 15" D x 1-1/8" H. Black use case and a cross change (captures and records intermittent offer an exclusive 2 year pebbled surface. Includes 4 anti -skid 32 manufacturers crossing to over 600 VCR model numbers. A $400.00 opens and shorts), Net weight: 1 lb. manufacturer warranty. adhesive feet. Net weight: 9 lbs. retail value. Net weight: 1 -1/2 lbs. #EN- 360 -427 $28.50(1.3)$23.80(4 -up #EN -400 -900 $3995Kir #EN- 392 -020 $92.50 Leatherman Tool The Leatherman tool is an extremely versa- Vifa D25TG -05 1" Poly Dome Tweeter tile and durable compact toolchest you can Excellent performance at a moderate price. This hold in your hand ... contains 12 useful tools ferro fluid cooled 1" poly dome tweeter features a in one! Needlenose pliers, regular pliers, awl, high loss diaphragm, user replaceable voice coil Phillips screwdriver, three slotted screwdriv- assembly, and high power handling. ers, can and bottle opener, wire cutters, file, Power handling: 100 watts RMS/140 watt max knife, and 8 inch ruler. Made of only the Nominal impedance: 6 ohms DC resistance: 4.6 highest quality 100% stainless steel. In- ohms Frequency range: 3,000 -24,000 Hz Magnet -dudes sturdy leather sheath. 25 year manu- weight: 8.5 ozs. Fs: 1500 Hz SPL: 90 dB 1W/1m facturer warranty. Net weight: 5 oz. Net weight: 1-1/4 lbs. $37.50(4 #EN- 360 -990 $39.95(7-3) -UP) #EN- 264-502 $18.50(1.3) $16.80(4 $15.45(12-UP) Audio Generator Professional Strobe Square wave Mini Weatherproof Speaker System Light and sine wave These mini weatherproof speaker No top notch light- generator use- cabinets are made from high impact ing display is com- ful for a vari- polypropylene which is completely plete without a ety of audio weather sealed making these perfect powerful, high applications. for indoor or outdoor use. These great speed strobe light. Generates 10 sounding mini speakers feature a 5" This professional unit 1 in Hz to MHz cone woofer and a mylar features an ultra bright xenon flash RMS polypropylene 5 ranges. Output voltage: 8V dome tweeter. Ideal for use as tube, reflective bowl, variable speed sinewave, 10V p -p squarewave. +/- extension speakers or for surround control, and on /off toggle switch. A 3% dial accuracy. Output imped- sound. Small size blends easily into any decor. Frequency response: 1 /16" clear plexiglass cover is ance: 600 ohms. Synchronization: 130- 20,000 Hz. 8 ohm impedance: 30 watts RMS, 60 watts maximum mounted on brass stand -offs to pro- +/ -3% of oscillation frequency per power handling capability. Mounting brackets included. Dimensions: 8° tect the flash tube assembly. In- Dimensions: 6 "H x 10 "W x VRMS. (H) x 5 -1/2" (W) x 4 -1/2" (D). Net weight: 10 lbs. cludes adjustable mounting bracket. 5 "D. Includes test lead, AC power #EN- 310 -020 (Black) Dimensions: 9 -1/2" (W) x 8 -5/8" (H) x cord, and manual. One year manu- 6 -7/8" (D). Net weight: 7 lbs. facturer warranty. Net weight: 6 lbs. #EN- 310 -025 (White) $79.95(1-3PRS) $74.804 PRS UP) #EN- 243 -072 $92.80 #EN- 390 -620 $119.00 Troubleshooting And Repairing Consumer 6 -1/2" Two Way In -Wall System Electronics Without A Schematic This is our most popular in -wall. You won't aóuwwHOOnaw ANO REPAG 5 G believe how good these really sound. Big A common problem faced by repair technicians is having to without a CONsuñR enough to produce great home theater troubleshoot electronic equipment tucTRO'I1Cs sound and still fit everyone's budget. Put schematic. With hundreds of illustrations, this indispensible guide demonstrates how to locate, test, a pair in every room of your house. Great and repair amplifiers, TVs, CD players, radios, power Nnnr for front or rear speakers in your surround SCMFMAr1c by L. Davidson. A system. The 6 -1/2" polypropylene woofer supplies, and more. Written Homer 320 pages. Copyright: 1994. Net weight: 1 -1/4 lbs. and 1" textile dome tweeter were specially designed with home theater in mind. The #EN- 500 -305 $22.95EACH crossover network utilizes a mylar capacitor for crisp clean highs. 3 piece design make installation in new or existing walls a snap. Textured ABS frame and steel mesh grill are spray paintable to match (or blend Isotip Butane Soldering Iron into) any decor. Speaker front plate is "blacked out" for cleaner "through The ideal soldering iron for field repairs where no AC grill" appearance. System comes with speaker assembly, removable power is present. Operates for up to 100 minutes of metal grill, heavy steel backer plates, screws and hardware, hole cut -out continuous soldering per refill. Uses standard butane template, paint mask, and detailed installation instructions. (not included) available at most stores. Tip tempera- Specifications: 6 -1/2" polypropylene cone woofer with poly foam sur- ture is adjustable up to 1067° F. Iron also comes with round. 1" textile dome tweeter /midrange. 8 ohm impedance. 3 com- a torch attachment which easily screws on in place of ponent L/C crossover network. Frequency response: 50- 20,000 Hz. the soldering tip. As a torch, one refill will provide up to handling capability: 60 watts RMS /100 watts max. Sensitivity: Power 1 hour of continuous flame. Temperature is adjustable 89 dB 1W/1M. Overall dimensions: 8 -1/2" W x 12" L x 3-1/2" D. Hole up to 2372° F. A protective cap with a size: 7 -1/4" x 10 -3/4 ". Fits into standard 2" x 4" wall. Net weight: 12 built -in striker and 2.4mm tip are in- ISO IP lbs. per pair. cluded. Limited one year warranty. naraem E. #EN- 300 -036 $104.95(1 3PRS) $96.50(4 -11 PRS) $85.50(12PRS-UP) #EN- 370 -235 $26.95EACH

Parts Express1M 30 day money back guarantee $20.00 minimum order We accept Mastercard, Visa, Discover, and company 340 East First St. C.O.D. orders 24 hour shipping Shipping charge = UPS chart rate + $1.90 ($5.00 minimum charge) *Hours 8:00 Dayton, Ohio 45402 -1257 am - 8:00 pm ET, Monday - Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Saturday. Mail order customers, please call for shipping -0173 100 Local: 513 -222 estimate on orders exceeding 5 lbs. Foreign destination customers please send $5.00 U.S. funds for catalog. FAX: 513 -222 -4644 CIRCLE 262 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com 72 Pin Game Cartridge Parts The Wet LookTM Connector The Wet LookTM is a new generation of high gloss Quality Express" replacement for polymers formulated especially for the speaker the game cartridge industry. This superior connector used in coating provides a Nintendo Entertainment 3 -In -1 Universal Remote protective "coat of armor" Systems (NES). Repeated loading and removal of game This remote will operate any re- for your paper cone speakers. A special UN cartridges damages the connector mote controlled cable box, TV or contacts and produces symptoms VCR at just a fraction of the cost inhibitor has been added to reduce the decaying effects such as a flashing blank screen or of a factory replacement! This distorted picture. Revitalize your unit unit is already preprogrammed to óf the sun's ultraviolet rays. The Wet LookTM makes by replacing the game connector. include the most common codes. It It's simple; there is no soldering is attractively styled, durable, and paper cones resistant to water, humidity, sun, and required and only a phillips head easy to set up and operate. The screwdriver is needed to complete manufacturer even offers a toll free salt. Best of all, it's easy to apply and cleans up with installation in minutes! Our consumer help line to answer ques- replacement connector has gold soap and water. 1 pint can. tions and provide customer assis- plated game contacts for long life, tance. Requires 2 AAA batteries (not #EN- 340 -510 (Clear) $8.95EACH superior conductivity, and resistance included). #EN- 340 -512 (Black) $8.95EACH to oxidation. One year warranty. #EN- 180 -565 $11.95(1.9) $9.95(10 -uP) #EN- 091 -900 $8.95(1.9) $7.95(10-UP) RS -232 A -B Switch BigFootTM High reliability rotary type switch. Fully "Copper tip" design standard 1/4" shielded, heavy gauge steel con- phone plug. Unsurpassed quality struction with gold plated connectors. ensures low noise and high All pins switched through (except conductivity connection. All metal/ ground). Used to switch multiple nylon construction with external printers or computers. Full one year solder connections. Insulator warranty. Net weight: 1 -3/4 lbs. sleeve included. 5/16" ID #EN- 130-010 $8.95(3 $7.95(10 barrel. Made in the U.S.A. $9.9502) -111) Car Stereo Power Supply Capacitors #EN- 092-200 (Mono) $2.25(1.9) $1.95(10.49) $1.75(50 -UP) Most car amplifiers' power supplies simply lack $3.250.6) $2.90(10 #EN- 092-206 (Stereo) -49) $2.65(50 -up) the capability to produce large amounts of instantaneous power. These computer grade, car stereo capacitors work by storing energy and supplying, on demand, a quick burst of energy to Printer Cables the power amplifier. The result is tremendous bass punch and dramatically improved transient 25 pin male RS -232 to 36 pin male response. Feature gold plated terminals. Centronics connector. Fully shielded and molded cable with all aw..hem.. 25 conductors connected. Con- venient thumbscrew hardware on Load the RS -232 connector. Price Price Price Part # Length (1 -9) (10 -49) (50 -UP) ..d,. ..w. : w..b. EN-130-220 6 ft. $4.50 $3.90 $2.90 Price Price EN-130-225 10 ft. 5.50 4.95 3.75 Part # Value Voltage Dimensions Weight (1 -15) (16 -UP) EN-130-227 15ft. 8.50 7.90 5.90 EN- 029 -1000 1,000,000 uf 16 VDC 3 "(dia.) 8 -1/2" 3 lbs. $59.80 $52.80 EN-130-228 25 ft. 10.90 9.50 7.90 EN- 029 -1005 1,000,000 uf 20 VDC 3 "(dia.) 8 -1/2" 3 lbs. 79.80 73.50 EN-130-229 50 ft. 19.80 17.50 14.90 Skew Driver Pro Video School Electronic Video Library videos make it Save over $25.00 by purchas- easy for ing this complete library of six anyone to Video School instructional vid- Ii+ O O comprehend eos. You'll receive VCR 1- This unique tool features a gear the complex How To Clean VCRs, VCR 2- driven offset bit driver to be used in of VCRs, camcorders, operations Minor VCR Repair I, VCR 3- tight spots or where conventional and more. From How to Clean Minor VCR Repair II, VCR 4- screwdrivers just won't fit. Includes rental to VCRs for the video store, Common VCR Malfunctions, 1/4" and 3/16" slotted bits, T15 Torx® for the Minor Camcorder Repair VCR 5- Diagnosing Video bit, and 2 phillips bits that are advanced service shop. There is Heads, and Cam 1 -Minor contained in the handle compart- These something for everyone! Camcorder Repair. Net ment. Can also be used with a 1/4" make new tapes also great weight: 5 lbs. electric drill. Made in the U.S.A. Net employee orientation videos. #EN- 505 -550 $195.00EACH weight: 1/2 lb. #EN- $39.90(15) 360-178 '50(v-uP) Part # Description Price EN-505-010 VCR 1, How To Clean VCRs $28.95 EN-505-020 VCR 2, Minor VCR Repair I 38.95 FREE EN-505-025 VCR 3, Minor VCR Repair II 38.95 EN-505-050 VCR 4, Common VCR Malfunctions 38.95 EN-505-035 VCR 5, Diagnosing Video Heads 38.95 EN-505-030 VCR Test Patterns Alignment Tape 23.95 EN-505-040 Cam 1, Minor Camcorder Repair 38.95 EN-505-085 Microwave Oven Repair 39.95 EN-505-080 Nintendo Repair and Maintenance 33.95 EN-505-090 IBM Compatible Computer Assembly 28.95 EN-505-095 Hi -Fi Alignment Test Tape 29.95

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www.americanradiohistory.com Surface Mount Chip Component WORLD'S SMALLEST PC III OEM (1K) PRICE SURVEILLANCE Prototyping Kits- FM TRANSMITTERS MINI (KITS) Only 386 SBC $83 3 -VOLT FM XMTR, up to 300 ft. indoors, 1500 ft. outdoors INCLUDES: PHONE XMTR, range to 500 ft., uses phone -line power -5 SER, 3PAR a . Sound- Activated XMTR, range to 500 ft. - 32K RAM 2 -STAGE XMTR, 9 -Volt, very powerful -PC BUS - LCD,KBD PORT All above require simple soldering at 2 to 4 places. - BATTERY RTC $29.95 ** ea. - CMOS NVRAM TELE FM WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM. USE TURBO C, BASIC, MASM (Kit) $99.00' EVAL KIT $295 TELE CALL FORWARDER. Transfers incoming calls. $99.00' OEM EVAL" .::..'.'1313.5--11;:,:i : :-."...:. CALLER ID. Registers incoming number. CC-1 Capacitor Kit contains 365 pieces, 5 ea. of every 8088 SBC $27 95 10% value from 1pf to .33Áf. -1 Resistor Kit $99.00* CR contains 1540 pieces; 10 ea. of every 5% value from VG to 10 meg0. FLASH /ROM DISK..21 75 TEL REGISTER WITH PRINTER. Records dialed Sizes are 0805 and 1206. Each kit is ONLY $49.95 and available for Immediate One Day Delivery! UNIV PROGRAMR.. 27 95 number, duration, and prints record. $139.00* Order by toll -free phone, FAX, or mall. We accept PC WATCHDOG 27 95 12 -HOUR LONG -PLAY RECORDER. Modified VISA, MC, COD, or Pre -paid orders. Company PO.'s "EVAL KITS INCLUDE: MANUAL,BRACKET,DISK Panasonic. Records 6 hrs. on each side of 120 accepted with approved credit. Call for free detailed 5YR LIMITED WARRANTY FREE SHIPPING tape (supplied). Compatible with VOX and Tel brochure. Rec Adapter. $119.00* MaCOMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS, V. MVS BOX 850 426 West Taft Ave. Orange, CA 92665-4296 cn VOX VOICE -ACTIVATED SWITCH. Makes re- Local (714) 998 -3021 FAX (714) 974 -3420 MERRIMACK,NH corder self- activating with voices or other sounds. $28.50** Entire USA 1 -800- 854 -0547 (508) 792 9507 TELE RECORDING ADAPTER. Records incoming and outgoing calls. $28.50" TELEPHONE SCRAMBLERS. Over 4,000 separate codes. $199.00` Pocket PIC $3495 VOICE CHANGER. Changes man's voice to PROGRAMMERS lady's and vice versa. $49.00* Programmer Bare board w/dish For Shipping & Handling add $5.00 and $2.00 per item. 1349 DATA I/O CHIPLABS 4800 !- Colo. residents add sales tax. Mail Order, VISA, M /C. COD's 799 DATA I/O CHIPLABS 3200 o.k. Inquire for dealer prices. Free catalog. 579 EETOOLS ALLMAX $5995 MUCH, MUCH MORE - OUR 25TH YEAR! 249 XELTEK SUPERPRO (R) 'zV Assembled TOLL FREE 1- 800 -926-2488 and tested 599 LOGICAL DEVICES 3000 A.M.C. INC. SALES, 599 ADVANTECH PC -UPROG 193 Vaquero Dr., Boulder, CO 80303 Tel: (303) 499 -5405, Fax: (303) 494 -4924 269 SUNSHINE UNIVERSAL Mon. -Fri. 8 a.m. -5 p.m. Mtn. Time 449 TUP -300 HILO SYSTEMS For PIC16061, 62x, 71, and 84 449 JDR MCT -EMUP 40 Pin ZIF Adapter for CIRCLE 284 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 539 TUP -400 HILO : PIC16064, - 429 NEEDHAMS EMP -20 eft 65, and 74 $29.95 679 NEEDHAMS SA -20 : Runs off 2 - 9 volt batteries Prototype it FAST! 139 EETOOLS 1 GANG r or optional AC adapter - $9.95 rw 140104.at NCI or ZS 199 EETOOLS 4 GANG .:11:121661, = 0 cv.orr..Nw lewd aa"w Includes la b MT EPROM are Y PAY assembler 49 SUNSHINE 1 GANG I s 1T a.} at or..o tnap pdo n -- .. MAI rn.,., con c. a! con i PICProto boards $9.95 to $17.95 Ap. EPR rouw mu 99 SUNSHINE 4 GANG 0 : iT mar S. r MSCOS maMm..d.. vcc.0 169 SUNSHINE 8 GANG RrofoOMlca SI rues and MTf 349 SUNSHINE 16 GANG micronyznccriny orbs

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www.americanradiohistory.com Electronic and AMAZING Scientific Products Mystery Infinity Transmitter ++ Levitating Device! TV Si FM Joker / Jammer Remember War of the World? Objects float in air and move to the touch. Defies gravity, amazing gift, conversation piece, magic Shirt pocket device allows you to totally control and remotely trick or great science project. disrupt TV or radio reception. Great gag to play on family or ANTIK Easy to Assemble KR / Plans $19.50 friends. Discretion required. Assemble Electronic Kft ...... LaserRay Gun EJK1KM Easy to $24.50 Telephone Line Grabber/ ATTENTION: Room Monitor / Controller Kum- The Ultimate In Home/Office Security & Safety! High Voltage Fans! Simple to use! Call your home or office, push a secret tone 4,000 volts in the palm of your hand! Experiment on your telephone keypad to access: On premises sounds with arid-gravity, hovercraft, ion guns, force fields, wireless and and voices Ongoing phone conversation wrbreak -in capability plasma gins, shock devices, energy Input: Up to 10 external electrical functions, lights, TV, alarms, coffee electrical pyrotechnics. 9.14VDC. to Use »._. ».._...!_._...$ DANGER pots, heater, etc. CAUTION! Check legality with your states MINIMAX4 Reedy ... 19.50 for monitoring of voices. WSW LAGER RADIATION aftorney general's office before use AVOID EYE OR SNIT IXPOSULE TELECOM2 Kit, includes PC Board $149.50 TO DIRECT DP SCATTER RADMTcIi (LASMASER PRODUCT TELECOM2 Ready to Use ------4199.50 Advanced project produces a burst of light energy capable of burning holes in most materials. Hand-held device uses Visible Beam Laser rechargeable batteries. 500 joules of flash energy excite either a Easy to build, RED Beam, visible for miles. Use for light laser Bounce" Listener System neodynium glass, yag or other suitable 3' laser rod. This is a shows, window bounce holography, cloud illumination and much NEW - Latest Technology! Allows you to hear sounds from a dangerous CLASS IV project (individual parts/assembkes more! LAS1KM Kit w/1 mw Laser Tube, Class II. ....$89.50 premises without gaining access. Aim at room window and listen available). LAGUN1 Plans $20.00 LAS3KM Kit w/2.5mw Laser Tube, Class IM $99.50 to sounds horn within via reflected laser light. Not for ilegal use. LAGUN1K Kit / Plans .... »...»..... -.Price on Request Requires video tripods. Life is Precious - LWB3K 5mw Laser and Receiver Kit ...... $149.50 Extended Protect It! LWB30 Ready to Use, includes Laser Gun Sight...... $199.50 Play Hard hitting 200.000 volts of Smw Visible wed Pocket Laser crackling, sizzling plasma. Stuns a immobilizes most attackers Utilizes our touch power control! Telephone Recordinglystem STUN40 Ready to Use $69.50 VRL5KM Kit / Plans .$ 74.50 READY TO USE! Automatically controls and records on our X-4 STUN10 Smaller Unit $39.50 extended play recorder, taping both sides of a telephone Electronk conversation. Intended for order entry verification. Check your _= Hypnotism 41- local laws as some states may require an alerting beeper. TAP2OX Ready to Use System...... _. $129.50 Puts subjects under control using highly effective electronic w. stimuli. Intended for parties and entertainment but must be used ,6'"" with caution, Includes valuable text book reference and plans. j Ion Ray Gun EH2 Plans and Text Book...... »...... »_.__.. »..... »...... ». 19.50 tl I'.0'Shocker Force Field/ Projects charged ions that induce shocks in people and objects Automotive Vehicle Electrifier without any connection! Great science project as well as a high tech party prank. 1063 Plans »._ .».. $11.00 Neat little device allows you to make hand and shock balls, shack 10G3K Kit/Plans ____» __. _» __...... _._._._...$6950 NEON! wands and electrify objects, charge capacitors. Great payback Easy-to-Install for those wise guys who have wronged you! Invisible Pain 4-Tube Kit SHK1KM Easy to Assemble Electronic Kit...... ».. $24.50 / 1 Field Generator s) for Cars, Trucks, Vans! Available in Pink, Purple Blue or Green Electric Shirt pocket size electronic )) please specify color when ordering. device produces time variant Charge RG4K (Specify Color) ..._ $ 12950 complex shock waves of intense directional acoustic energy, License Frame Kit Gun capable of warding off aggressive animals, etc. FlashTo-klusic Option for above (*city Color) PG7 Plans $8.00 IPG7K Kit/Plans ...$49.50 kit FMU1. »...... » »...... -$ 29.50 LIC1K ....__J 24.50 IPG70 __ __» .»_» »» ». l All New Assembled $74.50 Technology! 3 Mi FM

Shns/mrEobilizes attackers up to 15 feet away! 1000 Ft ++ Wireless Legal in most state (not in NY, NJ, MA, WI) More knock -down power than most handguns No permanent injury ID coded tato Cannon Microphone Free BOKV stun gun with every purchase. NOTA TOY. Uses electronic or pieno Subminiature! Crystal dear, ultra sensitive pickup transmits ECGI Data Packet, Creditable toward purcase $10.00 ignition. CAUTION REQUIRED! voices and sounds to FM radio. Excellent for security, monitoring POT1 Plans ECG10 Charge Gun, Reedy to Use, w/Free 90KV Gun $249.50 of children or invalids. Become the neighborhood disk jockey! (Dangerous Product) $10.00 Homing / Tracking Transmitter FMV1 Plans .$7.00 FMV1K Kit and Plans ...... $39.50 Beeper device, 3 mile range. Telephone Transmitter - 3 Mi HOD1K Kit / Plans $49.50 HOD1 Plans $1400 FireBall Gun Automatically transmits both sides of a telephone conversation to

Shoots flaming ball . two shot capacity an FM radio. Tunable Frequency Undetectable on Phone Listen Through Walls, Floors Great for special effects and remote Easy to Build and Use Up to 3 Mile Range Only transmits Highly sensitive stethoscope mike. lire starling. CAUTION REQUIRED! during phone use. VWPM7 Plans $7.00 STETH1 Plans...... 48.00 STETH1K Kit/Plans $44.50 FIREBALL Plans (Dangerous Product) $10.00 VWPM7K KIUPlana $39.50

CATALOG Order by Mall T10HDept ENS18, Box 716, Amherst, NH 03031 With many or by 24 Hour more items! Orders -Only Phone Phone: 603 -673 -4730 FAX 603 -672 -5406 Free with Order or send SI PAN 800 -221 -1705 103 NLIMITEDMC, VISA, COD, Checks accepted Please add $5.00 Shipping a Handling

www.americanradiohistory.com USE ELECTRONICS NOW CLASSIFIEDS READ BY ELECTRONIC BUYERS AND SELLERS AND TRADERS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLACING YOUR AD!

HOW TO WRITE YOUR AD If you use a Box number you must include your permanent TYPE or PRINT your classified ad copy CLEARLY (not in all address and phone number for our files. ADS SUBMI I -lED capitals) using the form below. If you wish to place more than one WITHOUT THIS INFORMATION WILL NOT BE ad, use a separate sheet for each additional one (a photo copy of ACCEPTED. this form will work as well). Place a category number in the space at the top of the order form (special categories are available). If For firms or individuals offering Commercial products or Ser- you do not specify a category, we will place your ad under miscel- vices. Minimum 15 Words. 5% discount for same ad in 6 issues laneous or whatever section we deem most appropriate. within one year; 10% discount for same ad in 12 issues.Boldface (not available as all caps), add .40 per word additional. Entire ad We cannot bill for classified ads. PAYMENT IN FULL MUST in boldface, add 20 %. Tint screen behind entire ad, add 25 %. ACCOMPANY YOUR ORDER. We do permit repeat ads or Tint screen plus all boldface ad, add 45 %. Expanded type ad, multiple ads in the same issue, but in all cases, full payment must add $4.00 per word. accompany your order. General Information: A copy of your ad must be in our hands by WHAT WE DO the 13th of the fourth month preceding the date of issue ( i.e. Sept The first word and company name of each ad are set in bold caps issue copy must be received by May 13th). When normal closing at no extra charge. No special positioning, centering, dots, extra date falls on Saturday, Sunday or Holiday, issue closes on preced- space, etc. can be accommodated. ing work day. Send for the classified brochure. RATES DEADLINES Our classified ad rate is $2.50 per word. Minimum charge is Ads not received by our closing date will run in the next issue. For $37.50 per ad per insertion (15 words). Any words that you want example, ads received by November 13 will appear in the March set in bold are each .40 extra. Indicate bold words by underlining. issue that is on sale January 17. ELECTRONICS NOW is pub- Words normally written in all caps and accepted abbreviations are lished monthly. No cancellations permitted after the closing date. not charged anything additional. State abbreviations must be post No copy changes can be made after we have typeset your ad. NO office 2 -letter abbreviations. A phone number is one word. REFUNDS, advertising credit only. No phone orders. CONTENT All classified advertising in ELECTRONICS NOW is limited to electronics items only. All ads are subject to the publishers' approval. WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REJECT OR EDIT ALL ADS. AD RATES: $2.50 per word. Minimum $37.50 Send you ad payments to: ELECTRONICS NOW 500 Bi -County Blvd, Farmingdale, NY 11735 -3931 CATEGORIES

100 - Antique Electronics 270 -- Computer Equipment Wanted 450 -- Ham Gear Wanted 630 - - Repairs -Services 130 - Audio -Video Lasers 300 - Computer Hardware 480 - Miscellaneous Electronics For Sale 660 - Satellite Equipment 160 - Business Opportunities 330 - Computer Software 510 - Miscellaneous Electronics Wanted 690 - Security 190 - Cable TV 360 - Education 540 - Music & Accessories 710 - Telephone 210 - CB- Scanners 390 - FAX 570 - Plans- Kits -Schematics 720 - Test Equipment 240 - Components 420 - Ham Gear For Sale 600 - Publications 730 - Wanted CLASSIFIED AD COPY ORDER FORM Place this ad in Category # Special Category $30.00 Additional

1 - $37.50 2 - $37.50 3 - $37.50 4 - $37.50 29 - $72.50 30 - $75.00 31 - $77.50 32 - $80.00

5 - $37.50 6 - $37.50 - $37.50 8 - $37.50 33 - $82.50 777747:57- 35 - $87.50 36 - $90.00

9 - $37.50 10 - $37.50 11 - $37.50 12 - $37.50 37 - $92.50 38 - $95.00 39 - $97.50 40- $100.00

13 - $37.50 14 - $37.50 15 - $37.50 16 - $40.00 Total words $2.50 per word = $

17- $42.50 18- $45.00 19- $47.50 20- $50.00 Bold Face $0.40 per word = $

21 - $52.50 22 - $55.00 23 - $57.50 24 - $60.00 Special Heading $30.00 = $

Other 25 - $ 62.50 26: $65.00 7-167.50 28 - $70.00 Total classified ad payment S enclosed TOTAL COST OF AD $

Card # Expiration Date [ I Check [ ] Mastercard [1Visa /__ Signature

Name Phone 104 Address City State Zip

www.americanradiohistory.com r ORDER TOLL FREE ®,VISA r - 800 - 669 -4406 A DIVISION OF MING E &P, INC. 818- 913 -6735 24 hr. Fax: 818 -912 -9598

IC TESTER /IDENTIFIER DIGITAL VOICE MODULE The Data Genie HT -28 is a The DVM -58D has variable length message capabilities and can portable, stand -alone IC tester store up to 16 Individual messages for immediate playback. Use and identifier. It can test and it to add real voice prompting or instruction to any project, via identify most TTL 74 and CMOS the mic. input. Standard 1Mb DRAM on -board (32 sec.0 32K bps) 40/45 series of IC's as well as with options to expand up to 16Mb (8 min.© 32K bps). ADM being able to test 4164-411000 recording with selectable 16/32/44K bps sampling rates and and 4416 -44256 series of very low power consumption. DRAM's. Powered from the included AC adapter or alkaline batteries (optional). Up to 600 hours of operation on four 'AA" alkaline batteries. Automatic power shut -off to conserve battery life. Lightweight, easy to use and #MI-10 -5858 $89.95 carry, weighs only 14 oz. 1 Mb DRAM $5.15 #MI -12 -2800 $189.95 4Mb DRAM $21.95

RF TRANSMITTER + ENCODER MODULES RF RECEIVER + DECODER MODULES TX -99 interfaces with the TX- The TX -01 Motherboard can The RE -99 interfaces with the The RE -01 Motherboard will

1 as the RF carrier module. 300 encode a 12 -bit address RE -01 as the RF carrier's decode a 12 -bit address or MHz AM with a typical range of code with 4096 possible code receiver module and 8 -bit address with 4 -bits of 100' tine -of- sight. (Key -chain combinations or can be used requires only a few solder data, depending on which transmitter Is also available, model to encode an 8 -bit address connections to mate the of the two included IC's is TX -99K $15.95) code with a 4 -bit data code. two. 300 MHz AM. installed Into the board. #MI -10 -9903 $5.95 #MI- 10 -001E $9.95 #MI -10 -9904 $6.95 #Mi- 10 -001D $14.95

PC INTERFACE CARD PROTECTOR PIR DETECTOR The Data Genie P -300 is a The Medusa Passive Infrared device that allows quick Detector has been tested at 20V/ and easy Installation of m over the frequency range 20 to add -on cards or prototype 1000 MHz, proving that the unit has circuits for testing ultra -high RFI protection and externally on your PC reliability, With N.0 contacts without having to turn off including tamper, plus selectable the computer. Maintains pulse counts of 1,3 or 5, Medusa complete protection for makes for confident Installations. your motherboard via the Detects ambient body heat and built -in protection circuitry movement to trigger your connected & current limit fuses. Adds security system, announcement buzzer, 3 expansion slots. or warning device. #MI- 12 -P300 $349.95 #MI -11 -3300 $24.95 3+ at $19.95 each.

LASER POINTER Now Available The Infiniter'210" Laser Pointer's high -tech, lightweight aluminium '95 SPRING /SUMMER Catalog For housing, incorporates a mode switch which allows you to select between a solid beam or flashing beam to enhance any Digital Voice Products Technical presentation. Projects over 150' and even works well on overhead RF Remote Control Products Support projection screens. Great for the conference room, exhibition Syntax Prototyping Boards Call. hall, construction site, museum, etc. Holtek Encoder /Decoder IC's & other components. Data Genie Test Equipment (818) and much, morel 912 -9864

If you are a past or current customer, you will soon be receiving your copy by mall. #MI -16 -0007 $59.95

ORDER BY MAIL; S&H Charges Continental US, up to 3 lbs. Add: S&H Charges Canada, up to 3 lbs. Add: UPS Ground 5 6.00 US Postal, First Class S 10.00 UPS 3 -Day 5 8.00 Prepayment by credlt card required. ELECTRONICS 123 UPS Blue $10.00 Sorry No COD orders. UPS Red (Next Day) $20.00 17921 ROWLAND ST. (S&H Charges INTERNATIONAL. Call /Fax tor quote.) COD's Add: $4.50 INDUSTRY, CA 91748 Calif Orders Add. 8.25% Sa/es Tax All prices subject to change without notice. 105

CIRCLE 254 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com QUALITY PARTS DISCOUNT PRICES FAST SERVICE HUGE SELECTION T 9 FOOT DUAL INCREDIBLE SAVINGS! AUDIO CABLE 30' CABLE Augat/Alcoswitch # MPE206N Miniature DPDT, push /on push /off switch. Splashproof: O -ring on 9' shielded dual audio cable with color coded Originally shoulder and inside movable shaft (red and yellow) RCA style pin made to provides moisture seal. Rated 6 plugs either end. Black cable. connect Digital Audio Tape amps @ 125 Vac. RED 0.4" dia. machine to a remote CAT# DCB -108 con- cap. 0.25" diameter threaded troller, this "snake" cable con- bushing. 0.8" behind panel depth. 10 for $8.50 100 for $75.00 sists of four separate 9 conductor plus drain Solder lug terminals. UL and CSA 1000 $500.00 wire, foil -shielded cables in one jacket. The listed. for CAT # MPB -20 conductors are stranded 24 AWG wire. Each end of each smaller cable is terminated with 6 FOOT VIDEO 25 for $37.50 ($1.50 each) DB -9P connectors. The cable is well -made each HOOK -UP CABLE and quite flexible for its size. Snake cable nominal O.D. is 0.52 ". Interior cable O.D. is MINIATURE TOGGLE 0.15 ". The outer jacket can be slit and re- 7 41117- moved if only the 9 conductor cable is required. D.P.D.T. (ON -ON) DB -9 connectors include thumbscrew hold - High quality 6' video patch cables. Belden # downs. If you are using ALCOSWITCH # MTM206NPC 9104 "Duobond" RG dual shielded -59 cable multiconductor shielded $550 Short bat handle, 0.25" long. with heavy -duty F connectors hex -crimped cable this is a great deal. PC terminals. onto each end. Large quantity available. 25 2 for $10.00 CAT# MTS -82PC CAT# VHU -6S CAT# CBL -3 $1 each 10 for $7.50 SMALL STEPPING MOTOR 25 for $25.00 100 for $90.00 each 100 for $60.00 Airpax # NB82115 -M3 S.P.D.T. (ON- OFF -ON) A.C. LINE CORDS 12 Vdc, 65 ohm MOMENTARY ONE stepper motor with DIRECTION 6 INCH IEC POWER CORD 6 leads. 15 degree step angle. 1" diameter x 0.5" high. Mounting flange with holes on 1.25" centers. ALCOSWITCH # MTG106H 0.08" (2mm) dia. X 0.2" long shaft. 0.27" diam- Standard toggle handle and 15/32" diameter bushing with That's right? 6 inch...Standard 3 prong eter pulley is press -it onto miniature body. Rated 5 amps @ 125 vac. grounded male one end and 3 prong IEC shaft. Great for robotics Center-off, momentary "on" in one direction. receptacle on other end. CSA listed. and experimentation. each 50 CAT# STS -41 Large quantity available. CAT# SMT-13 10 for $12.50 for$ CAT # LCAC -36 2 1 00 $1 each 25 for $ 31.25 10 for $4.50 100 for $35.00 JUMBO LEDs S.P.D.T (ON -ON) ROUND 4' BLACK 16/3 CORD Liton # LTL 327C - 8MM Ideal for eye -catching indicators and LOCKING TOGGLE displays. A recent quantity purchase of these BIG, 8mm diameter, red diffused ALCOSWITCH #ALOLKWB Locking toggle handle prevents 0.32" od, SJT insulation. Standard 3 prong LEDs enables us to provide some very spe- grounded plug one end, molded strain relief cial pricing. The leads on these devices are accidental switching. on other end. Pigtail leads. CSA listed. 0.325" long. with plenty of room for soldering. Wirewrap pins. Large quantity available CAT# LED -23 CAT # MTS -43 CAT # LCAC -35 75 5o each 100 for $ 15.00 $ for $1 $1 each 25 for $ 21.25 100 for $150.00 5 1000 for $ 120.00 MANUFACTURERS - We Purchase EXCESS INVENTORIES... Call, Write or Fax YOUR LIST. CALL, WRITE ORDER TOLL FREE FAX For A 1-800-826-5432 NO MINIMUM ORDER All Orders Can Be Charged to Visa, Mastercard or Discover Checks and Money Orders Accepted by Mail Orders Delivered in the Free 64 Page State of California must include California State Sales Tax NO C.O.D Shipping CATALOG. and Handling $5.00 per order for the 48 Continental United States - ALL OTHERS the U.S.A- including Alaska, Hawaii, P.R. and Canada Must Pay Full Shipping Outside Quantities Limited Prices Subject to change without notice. $2.00 postage. 106 send CIRCLE 214 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com ELECTR

SELLING ELECTRONIC PARTS AND SUPPLIES SINCE 1967

720K 3.5" INTERNAL 9 VOLT 60 MA "HI -8" VIDEO FLOPPY DRIVE SOLAR PANEL CASSETTE (USED) Sony # MP-F11W-2Z These 6" X 6" glass enclosed SONY Hi -8 T -120 Brand new 720 KB floppy photovoltaic panels produce Top quality, metal drives. Built for an OEM 9 Vdc at 60 ma. Ideal for particle 120 minute product, these are, in charging batteries and powering video cassettes. every way, compatible small devices. Put two or more Used for a short with PC/XT /AT com- together for more current and voltage. time, then bulk- puters except that the face- Includes hook -up instructions. erased, each plate is slightly larger than those on exact cassette has its replacements. The faceplate size on these is CAT # SPL -960 own plastic storage box. 4.04" X 1.23". (Normal size is 4" X 1 "). The Satisfaction Guaranteed. faceplate is removable and can be trimmed if Super NINTENDO desired. In some cases it may work without CAT# VCU -8 trimming. Also, we have found that, when POWER SUPPLY 10 for $28.00 100 for used in 5.25" bays with the adapter kit below, $250.00 the adapter can easily be modified to accom- Nintendo # SNS -002 modate the unit. Because of this slight incon- 640 X 480 LCD PANELS New, original wall trans- venience, we are selling M former with 9 foot cord and these drives at an incredibly WITH BUILT -IN DIGITIZER $14 each co -ax plug with center pin low price. positive. Output 10 Vdc @ CAT# MPF-11SF 10 for $120 .00 Two sizes available, both originally designed 850 ma. for laptop computer /note pad. Built -in digitizer UL and CSA INSTALLATION KIT for MPF -11SF to be used with a stylus for hand written nota- listed. tions. Onboard drivers operate on 5 vdc (logic) allows for installation into 5.25" drive bays. and 18 vdc (LCD). Full documentation on both Simply cut and remove three plastic gussets to units. install. CAT# FDD -3.5 $3.50 each SHARP LM64P90 oo Built -in GREAT DEAL! CAT # DCTX -1085 $ 6 each CCFT SURFACE MOUNT backlight. 7.2 Voit, 1000 mAh Overall SPEAKERS dimensions: NICKEL -CAD PACK 10.19" x 7" x 0.35" These surface mount speakers Brand new Viewing area: were designed for use with 7.88" X 6" car stereo, but they will rechargeable nickel- cadmium Dot size: 0.27mm X 0.27mm $40oó work as well, or better as White dots on black back- intercom or batterypack fits Olympus and other ground. CAT # LCD -31 camcorders. Originally sold for over $35.00. SHARP LM64194F 3.56" X Overall 2.12" X 0.75" dimensions: 8" x 5.75" CAT# NCB -72 $5, communications speak- Viewing area: ers in your home or work- 6" X 4.5 ". shop. 4", 4 ohm, speakers mounted in an OPTO SENSOR Dot size: unbreakable black plastic, slant-faced enclo- 0.21mm X sure. They are rated 5 watts. Enclosure mea- SHARP # GP1152 0.21mm X 4.5" sures 4.82" X 2.45 "h. 7 0.12" gap. CAT# OSU -23 Black dots on $ CAT# SK -411 pair FOR $100 white background. 2 CAT # LCD -32 $40óo MANUFACTURERS - We Purchase EXCESS INVENTORIES... Call, Write or Fax YOUR LIST.

FAX (818) 781 -2653 INFORMATION (818) 904 -0524

MAIL TO: ORDERS RETAIL STORES ALL ELECTRONICS CORP. LOCATED IN P.O. BOX 567 Visa, Mastercard, Discover, Los Angeles VAN NUYS, CA 91408 -0567 checks, Money Orders and Van Nuys Accepted On All Orders CALIFORNIA 107

CIRCLE 214 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com The Pocket Pro rammer Communications IfYou DON'T BELIEVE Ix, systems these PROFESSIONALS Only $129.95 I Laboratories 1- 800 -629 -9483

., 32 piN --\.-- Hobbyists- Embedded Control Systems for home V i 211 ena _ Automation MUGS Cross Point Video/Stereo- 24 10 8x8 I,. nn Pet-v- Lane Nonnan- Audio electronic patch panel $895.00. TL -100 Color Organ Kit 5195.00. DTMF Gen/Detector $225.00. Normans Dec Inc- 4 IAt Atlanta Cable TV- Use our product line to automate your INTRONICS. A cost A solution to rw- operations on a modest Budget Commercial .w....ua... INC. Mal Desoldering Equipment at less a,, Inserter/billing logger- $1595.00. VCS-70 Channel than half the aeoff most 0 p Controller-4VCRs, 2 Laser Discs,2 external sources, onnance is THE POCKET PROGRAMMER 2 ASTOUNDING Two independent outputs $2995.00. Wadi Wide - Mike Murphy-Service band Video/Stereo Audio 8x8 CrossPoint Switch, Computer Controlable $895.00. Cent rCo- anNuysCA The portable programmer that uses Call Toll Free for Info/Catalog or to Order. The single best investment of MuWiCard repair equipment we've made It the printer port of your PC instead VOA. Fax 1-808825 -7035. l yr warranty on all products. outperforms all other desoldering tools we've used of a internal card. Easy to use Easier to use and least expensive software that programs Eprom, D. Monroe -Mare E)ecúmies Vagina Bead) VA Best investment we've made Saves time. especially with EEprom, Flash & Dallas Ram. Cable TV multi -sided PCB's Extremely pleased with warranty Failed and replaced by DEN -ON overnight 27(C) / 28(C) / 28F / 29F / 29C & Descramblers Dick Dicta FJecbnnics- Hartland WI 25XX series from 16K to 8 Converters * Filters * Accessories The ease & speed of component removal greatly increases productive time The SMD kit makes removal a breeze. Megabit with a 32 pin socket. 30 day Free Trial - NO RISK! even for inexperienced Techs Unbeatable Free Adapters available for Pic, PLCC, wholesale prices! Catalog Dave Hayes -Ell F reeriig Lid -Iitoorl NE Affordable extended warranty Has been a durable & reliable deso der unit. Our use has 5 -Gang, 874X, 875X MCU's, 40- I Year Warranty on oll products been & field application over the last 2 yrs CbothLlab Pin X 16 & Serial Eprom's, and li+f'!°(lsa caCe uw,yrrekolx I IV1pii NiatooI I l- 9aallpolt IA proAitiono/ f We've used our SC7000 almost every day for about three Eprom Emulator to 32K X 8. Credit Cards Welcome! years with virtually no problems lust spend a minute each day to clean before shutting down Same Name, Address & Phone # Geotge Hefner-Hefner FJechoreics -Coleridge NE 1- 800 -379 -3976 for 13 Years... Isn't 7 Being a one -men service center, I hesitated to spend the it Amazing money on a desoldering tool . however all that changed Prices starting when I nearly ruined a 5400 computer logic board I use the SC7000daily It has w my daoldaing time by 5010 75% Intronics, Inc. ',. ,`ö . " as low as $99! Steven Cray - &drank W®nk- Wichita KS Box 13723 / 612 Newton St. By far the best desoldering tool we've ever used Much more KS Add COD suction than other similar types we've Vied. No trouble with Edwardsville, 66113 $4.75 postage sump IC's else. or anything Tel. (913) 422 -2094 Add $4.00 Shipping Denis McManus ThoniSevireslnt -MabelbnGA !!! BROADCAST FARTHER !!! The SC7000 has decreased my use of wick by 75% and at Fax Visa I Master (913) 441 -1623 Charge The model ISIS is a 75- 110MHz Rf amplifier that rannen, to $25 a roll, it pays for itself within months. My total bench mono or stereo FM transmitters produces a time is reduced by approx. 209. and powerful I5 -20 watt signal which could broadcast up to S miles or more! Requires 75-250 mW drive. Don Cretin CeiiiedEleclrorrsSemi Molt OtyMD Slap by step plans complete with part source A PLUS SZ SIGH We have obtained excellent results with the SC7000 For Information and antenna designs... ONLY CATALOG including repairing high density U/V tuners It is one of Progressive Concepts the best purchases we have made Equipment Repairmen I Electronics Technicians C 1434 N. MILLS AVE.. SUITE A ® IJ THIN. CLAREMONT. CA 91711 1909) 626 -4969 Doug l tit- 1AIRayFJetnunis- LLRayVA Hobbyists & Modelers 19091 626 -4FAX We found that the SC7000 not only saves money vs wick. but saves valuable time in troubleshooting It allows you to be more accurate in removing SMD's LtratzafriliAt HaroldSnrldbag -Smedbeg Deco ics -Cus rMI Miniature Heat gun SMALL COMPANY BIG DISCOUNTS! The SC7000 has reduced my damage to PC boards by For Heat -Shrink Tubing -TV 90V. It has also decreased my desoldering time by 50% CABLE DESCRAMBLERS AND CONVERTERS Top Brand, %%:uF.ib_, The best priced tool on the market Uses most adjustable flame e.i ".ira Paul Dorval -Service Ext m Inc.- Dumont NJ lighters Shrinks tubing in seconds. wit( not burn SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! nor It has made a almost impossible lob (desoldering a 64 pin tubing components Compact, shire- pocket size for ,' 1- 800 -775 -0444 ' CPU) a piece toolboxes Safety -valve mouthpiece Simple F. easy to use of cake. Glad T.C. ELECTRONICS Completely portable No moving parts Patented Ikcixli, ana mu.i hi. mx owl" unhmill air- injector turbocharges the flame, producing a precise 'h anduin,:ninn M ii ir kxal i:i1,1c l',mm.vv Inch diameter, super -hot air- stream and no carbon soot mess Unbreakable & built to last a lifetime Heats -up instantly & cal l KYOIIrI5DAY Cools -down in seconds Made with precision & top -quality CAPACITOR CLOSE-OUT materials: Hardened stainless steel. Heat- resistant nylon, 54v '5D%to 29%OFFREfA/L Polyurethane recoil tubing Professional Rugged Limited TOP QUALITY PARTS! WHILE SUPPLIES LAST! lifetime warranty Satisfaction guaranteed CERAMIC DISC! ELECTROLYTIC! TANTALUM! Limited Time, Introductory Price S14.95 AXIAL /RADIAL! PREFORMED / LONG LEADI If you solder wire connections together, you will love this tool! o. aluF/ soe.ac:aile 0 ie ndr Cats sow drew tan moll FREE TRIAL esEr sonar E5.c-a,er1 S Se indi Mals 55% damper &emcee Now using Heat -shnnk tubing with the Hot -Aero Is faster, easier Abe, TO.ßo C1¢m }let Selo 5 151 each Cats RCM draper &e mont on our and mire convenient than tape or big, laud electric heatguns. \lilt! 1 \ti:\ lilt Leer. calaing In:

Strad deck/money-order ($3.00 SM) to: WSW IUCI -Iu 1 I I I'O. Bol 22(19(18. R:dciph. NC. 27619 DEN -ON SC7000 Rose Research & Development Desoldering Tool P.D. Box 12212 1 -800- 606 -9044 Santa Rosa, CA 95406 Free Color Brochure SU RAPE ILLRNCflE or order TODAY For Lowest Prices 8 COUNTERSURVEILLANCE Electronic Devices Hidden Video Cameras Electronic We accept Visa, &VC, AÆ, Discover, COD Company Kits Voice Changers Check, 8 P.O.'s from qualifying companys Bug and Phone Tap Detectors Shotgun Mics Micro Recorders 255 SPECTRUM PROBE' Vehicle Tracking Locksmithing AND MORE! This low loading II circuit scope probe Extra Long Play Telephone Recorders - Silently rapes I- L.kL.- produces a 60 dB Spectrum analyzer $12500 /ncomin 'dutgoing Phone calls automatica/ /y.. ano 1- 800 -394 -1984 display on your inexpensive scope vp EMC RR SPY FOR CATALOG SEND 55.00 TO...R.O. Box 337, Fax Ask for application nofes.specifications.sales 8 warranty info or (316) 744 -1994 255 Spectrum Probe 30 KHz to 2.5 MHz $279 CURET Buffalo, NY 14226 (716) 691 -3476 - (716) 695 -8660 Purchase in advance and receive a 107 Probe 1 - 100 MHz $249 ($279 extra *Melding) 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE Accessory Current Adapters: IA5 $19 IA7 829 SMITH DESIGN (215) 661 -9107 HEARD 207 E.Prospect Ave,N.Wales, PA 19454 LE ELECTRONIC INSTRUMCTRONIC ENTS T 6222 N. Oliver Wichita, KS 67220 NC Evaluated in Electronics Now, Jan. 1994 108 Q3401)Pa.

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ANIUIUERE IN THE U.S. Professionally Refurbished Excluding AK & HI Calibrated to Original Specifications Dual Channel, Calibrated Delayed Sweep SUPER SALE! 90 Day Warranty Model OS -9100P S999.00 AEIMM/ieSAlElr! Full 100 MHz Bandwidth!- Mir AGV1 r7Eiolra 4taku` MA][TEC IF'tITERUYATIONAL COPP. Model OS -904RD -40 MHz Bandwidth NTSC Generator with RGB On-Screen Measuring Cursors & Readout! $699.00 Mod¢I 1R49Á $569.00 TV Synchronization Trigger NTSC Color Bars ± 5° and ± 5 IEEE Units Dual -Channel, High Sensitivity Ch. 3, 4, and IF Outputs Crystal Controlled Calibrated Delayed Sweep Calibrated 1 Vp -p or Variable Composite Video Output WE BUY Two Probes Included RGB Outputs on BNC or 9 -pin D Connector sURPLUS EQUIPMENT! 2 Year Warranty Composite, Vertical, and Horizontal Sync. Outputs Interlaced or Progressive Scan 1 Year Warranty Professional Quality Digital Storage Oscilloscopes at Affordable Prices! Hand -Held Parts Tester Model 815 $99.00 Large 0.8" digits, 26 User Ranges Transmit and Receive Data with Standard RS -232C Interface Tests Transistor hFE and Leakage Iceo Checks SCR's, Diodes, LED's, Caps, and Resistors Includes FREE Comprehensive Communication Software Tests Batteries Under Actual Load Conditions Waveform Save, Calculation, and Print 1 Year Warranty Dual Channel. Delayed Sweep, TV Synchronization Trigger 20 MS /s Sampling Rate, Two Save Memories Variable 1.150VAC Isolation Transformer Switch Between Analog and Digital Modes CRT Readout Including Measurement Cursors Model 1653 $299 00 Includes Two Probes, 2 Year Warranty Metered Display of Voltage or Current 2 Amp. Continuous Output j 40 MHz 60 MHz Bandwidth 20 MHz Eliminate Shock Hazard while servicing

j OS -3040 OS -3060 Model OS -3020 "Hot- Chassis" Equipment SALE Price f $ 1,199.00 $ 1,599.00 $ 1,899.00 Full line of Oscilloscopes, RF, Video & Audio Test Equipment, FOTRONIC Power Supplies, Meters, Probes and Accessories. CORPORATION P.O. BOX 708 XáW VISA' IAMEX Medford, MA 02155 3;r`: C.O.D. TOLL FREE 1-80099-METER Availability of Equipment Subject to Prior Sale 1- 800 -3837 (617) 665-1400 Prices Subject to Change Without Notice -996 FAX (617) 665 -0780

CIRCLE 212 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com _-- Qualit Microwave TV S stems WIRELESS CABLE - ITFS - MMDS ATV - INTERNATIONAL - S -BAND Amplifiers Antennas Books Components Filters Systems Video Products RF Frequency 1990 - 2700 MHz Cable Ready - VHF - UHF Outputs JM-PICE $245 SASE For "FREE" Catalog or Send $1 Three tools in one: Simulation, In- circuit Emulation, and Programming. PHILLIPSTECH ELECTRONICS Up to 16 MHz In- circuit Emulation ¡'' PO Box 8533 Scottsdale, AZ 85252 for the PIC 16C5x, 16C64, 16C71, CHALLENGER SYSTEM ORDER LINE 800 -MMDS and 16C84 in DIP Packages. 33- Channel 52dB+ Gain -880 Assembler and Simulator. Complete Grid $265 CATALOG / INFO 602- 947 -7700 Single step and stop at breakpoints. Five Year Warranty FAX LINE 602- 947 -7799 Programmer for PIC 16C5x, 16C64, FREE SHIPPING Visa M/C Amx Disc COD's Qt Pricin 16C71, 16C84, and 17C42. PC- hosted, communicate via the printer CIRCLE 223 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD port.

YOU HAVE SHOPPED THE REST NOW BUY FROM THE BEST! DES, INC. 1 -800- 676 -7966 8051 core processor with 8 channel DRX REGAL 550 MHZ JERROLD 400 -105 10 -bit A/D and PWM. $35 50~ :fí65 10 LOT 24 more UO and RS -232 port. BRAND NEWS 32K ROM and 64K RAM. SINGLE $49.93 5 YR. WARRANTY HAND CONTROL á PARENTAL CONTROL $120 each SBC, high performance INCLUDED '' FAVORITE CHANNEL development system features assembler, disassembler, monitor and example 1 YEAR WARRANTY LAST CHANNEL RECALL programs, real -time execution and debugging ($70 more).

$755.00 EACH SINGLE LOT CALL NOW FOR INFO ON THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES Eight channel 8-bit A/D converter. 32K ROM and 32K RAM. FOR BASEBAND, PIONEER, ZENITH, IMPULSE, $120 each SBC, 40x2 LCD $20. Add $70 for the real -time integrated development system. AND OTHERS! Other CPU Development Systems and custom design are also available. REGAL CR83 ST 1600 SERIES ßi59 i YEAR WARRANTY CALL NOW EACHü'.:... SINGLE LOT LIMITED STOCK 83 Channels VOLUME CONTROL Last Channel Recall PARENTAL L/O Emulates ROMs or RAMs in 8- and - - Parental Control, etc ,, ... & MUCH. MUCH MORE! 16 -bit systems. - ` Dual A/B input avalable Optional assembler, disassembler, and ROM -debugger $100 each CPU. BEST WARRANTY IN THE $195 (2716- 27256) or $245 BUSINESS! (2716- 27010). 90 day warranty, 15 day money back guarantee. 115 LOT DEALS!! COMBO PACKAGES 'NOwr DRX -3.105 $49 ADD-ON ALL EQUIPMENT "BULLET PROOF" PANS 5B3 $39 FOR PIONEER GA -3 $49 DRX-3-105 w /PIO ver 4.0 $149 Ma 549 Assembler, Disassembler, and windowed IMPULSE! DRX3.105 w/ M GOLD $109 MLD 1200. $49 symbolic Simulator/Debugger. DRX-3 -105 w /SA3 $119 KN12VS.... $49 Simulates 8048, 8051, 8085, Z8, Z80, MIX OR MATCH eRX3 -105 w/M-80 $149 64180, 6800, 6801, 6805, 6809, 68HC11, MUST BUY CONVERTERS TO QUALIFY. 6303, 6502, and 65CO2. Order Now $100 each CPU. .E .S . INC. Toll Free! 1 -800- 676 -7966 r 71,1 -=:1 ALT:1-800 -804 -6552 L'Ag J &MMicrotek, Inc. It IS not the intent of J.E.S. hc. to defraud 83 Seaman Road, W Orange, NJ 07052 cable systems. Wers are advised to check Fax:(201)736 -4567 local and Federal Laws. IVe t CF THE ! liomtw. CONSUMER CnatE AS9oCLATrON .Tel:(201)325 -1892 110 CIRCLE 219 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com 0Over 8 TIMELINEyears and 23,000 customers INC.and still growing. BareBones 486 System $9 9.0 0 MONITORS CPU not supplied. (Will support Intel or AMD cpu) Non -Enclosed TTL Enclosed Includes slimline desktop case, (85 watt) power supply, all -in -one 486 motherboard. Motherboard designed for Comes with pnout. 12V at 1.4 Amp input. 9" Green BNC composite 115V/230V $69.00 486 SX or DX or DX2 at 25 or 33 Mhz. Tested at 40 Mhz. On board 256k super VGA, (Trident chip, Windows Horizontal frequency 15Khz. 12" White BNC composite 24V 579ÁO drivers supplied) upgradable to 512k or 1 MEG, IDE and floppy controllers, 2 serial ports (COM 1,2,3,4 disable), Ability to do 40 and 80 column.

1 parallel port (LPT 1,2 disable), game port (enable, disable). Case has room for one 5W floppy or CD ROM, 5 inch Black & White $35.00 Mfr.: Electrhome For Very High Quality one 312' floppy and one internal 3'h' hard drive. Three 16-bd ISA slots and two 8 -bit ISA slots. External cache 7 inch Amber $39.00 size is 032,128K, OK supplied. Uses 72-pin SIMM (2 slots), up to 32 MEG RAM. Phoenix Bios. Overall case 9 inch Amber $29.95 Medical & Industrial Applications dimensions: W x 4.41H x 15'D 12" Green or B/W $19.95 $6900 2P LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS I 5" RatFarwatO3zoóooDdtMONITOeR18 160 x 128 with built -in (T6963C) dot LCD controller 12 VDC Operation 15.75 KHz Honz. Freq. 60 Hz Vert. Sync. Freq. 20 character x 16 line $79.00 or 2 for $149.00 Open Frame Construction Standard Interface Connector Degaussing Coil Included At.: Samfron Mfr.: Toshiba TLX- 1013 -EO. Unit is EL back-lit. Dim: 57/ie "L x 4%e "H. The built -in controller allows you to do text and graphics CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES

Alphanumeric -parallel interface I MATRIX TYPE 16x1 3 for $25.00 32x4 $15.00 16x4 $15.00 20x2 $12.00 40x4 $25.00 24x2 $12.00 "The Spy In 20x4 $25.00 16x2 $8.00 40x2 2 for $25.00 ttf: ' 4x2 $5.00 The Sky" $49.22 5V power required Built -in C -MOS LCD driver & controller Easy "Microprocessor" Sony CCD Imager designed for black and white composite interface 98 ASCII character generator Certain modules are backlit, call for more info. video cameras. Picture elements: 384 (H) x 491 (V) Graphics and alphanumeric -serial interface Chip size 10.7 (H) x 9.3 (V) mm2 Unit cell size 23.0 (H) x 13.4 (V) um2 size mfr. price size mfr. price Ceramic 24 pin DIP package. Mfr: Sony, Partit 016AL 640x480 Epson $50.00 480x128 Hitachi $15.00 640x400 (backlit) Panasonic $35.00 256x128 Epson $20.00 4096 element CCD $29.00 LINEAR TYPE Toshiba $19.00 240x128 (backlit) Optrex $20.00 640x200 2048 element CCD 1728 element CCD $15.00 160x128 Optrex $15.00 $15.00 LASER PRODUCTS HACKER CORNER `I+99-1111 HcNe Laser Head IioMv max. output) Tt7.400.Is.s long MFG:NEC $9911 C14:1.1. tiI'l'1'; TRANSCEIVER (for HeNe tube) Laser Power Supply $100 These transceivers were designed for operation in an AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) cell site. The 20 LASER SCANNER ASSEMBLY $29.22 MHz bandwidth of the transceiver allows it to operate on all 666 channels allocated. is Assembly intended fer a lane printer. Includes hoe diode, polygon motor 16 Weiland misc. optfo and Imam, 870.030- 889.980 MHz with the receive channels 45 MHz below those frequencies. A digital synthesizer utilized to generate the selected frequency. Each unit contains two independent receivers to demodulate voice and data LASER DIODE (5mW) with collimator $20.21 with a Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) circuit to select the one with the best signal strength.The transmit- LASER DIODE: Sharp part #: LT022MC ter provides a 1.5 was modulated signal to drive an external power amplifier. Channel selection is accomplished fxnW d 780rm. angle havwnemodo $10! with a 10 bit binary input via a connector on the badi panel. Other interface requirements for operation are 26 VDC (unregulated) and an 18.990 MHz reference frequency br the digital synthesizer. The units contain independent NETWORK boards for receivers, exciter, synthesizer, tunable front end, and interlace assembly (which includes power supplies and voltage-controlled oscillator). Service manual, schematics and circuit descriptions are available. IRMA BOARD 8 bit $99.21 Unks 3270 mcinfrane systems to IBM PC Encased Black & White Composite CCD Camera with Adapter Protean ProNet -4 Model p1347 Token Bing Board $79 IR viewing to 1000 nm1.7 W x 2.6 H x 4.5 L Comes complete with CCD camera, mounting nut on bottom of casing, pair 16 bit 4 Mbps IEEE 802.2 and 802.5 compatible twisted interoperable 12VDC power supply. Excellent low light capability, standard RCA NTSC video out. $89.00VV{/ with IBM Token Ring network Great for: entryway security/remote monitoring, video conferencing/desktop video conferencing 2 for 5158 00 POS & BAR CODE This miniature camera is perfect for multimedia computer applications as well u security and surveillance. NTSC output allows use with all popular video digitizing boards for Apple Macintosh and Microsoft video MAGNETIC CARD READER $25.22 for Windows. Connects directly to any composite monitor or VCR with "video" input. Its razor -sharp wide - matrix with full alpha -numeric angle lens focuses from two inches to infinity and its state-of-the-an CCD technology accurately captures 16 Includes: 20 character dot display movies and still pictures. Records at 30 frames per second and 260 full alphanumeric separate 7.5 level grayscale images for Quick Time capability keypanel with entry capability. Uses 12 VDC (adapter supplied) and standard RCA cable. VDC /0.5 Amp power supply standard telephone Interface lines resolution with excellent low light extension cord lithium battery and flat -cone speaker. HP bar code wand (HBCS 2300) $35.00 Portable Cdr o UoLrL1r45b1eall POWER SUPPLYS Flip up LCD display (9 -16 VDC) Can communicate with any computer having RS 232 port Can communicate with another Microterminal Use by itself as electronic 73 WATT SWITCHING or 2 @ $25.00, (2) 4 pin power connectors $15.00 notebook Onboard microprocessor, data RAM (32K) attached 115/230 Volt, Dim: 8.5 L x 4.5 W x 2" H Output: +5V @ 2 -9.75 and Video RAM (64K) Complex built in diagnostics and A, +12V @0.1.5 A,- 5V @0 -0.4 A,- 12V @0 -0.5A set up capabilities. Original intention for POS applications. 88 WATT SWITCHING $12.00 or 2 for $20.00, 115/230 Volt, display size 40x16 (256 x 128 pixels.) Dimensions: 6.3" W, 99E @4A 11"L, TI-L (With LCD up height is 7.1') Dim: 5.5" Lx3 .2Wx1.TH Output: 5V @4A,12V or 2 for $149.21 MISCELLANEOUS All in one 286 board $29. QQ

Includes: 286.12Mhz CPU (1 wait state) Built In IDE & floppy controller 80287 math ADAPTEC 4070A (RLL) OR 4000A (MFM) coprocessor socket FASTI on board SVGA with 256K RAM 2 serial ports, 1 printer port, SCSI Controller, your choice $40.22 mouse pon EMS-LIM ver 4.0 memory & shadow RAM support Up to 8 mb memory (256K or 1 Mb SIMMS) Comes with OK on board On board speaker REAL TIME IBM 370 option XT and AT emulation boards $50.00 CLOCK Phoenix BIOS Note: There le = long :Ion standard bus connector on board

23605 TELO Ave, Torrance, CA 90505 Minimum Order. $20.00. Minimum shpping and handling charge $5.00. We accept cashers checks. MC Order desk only: USA: (800) 872 -8878 CA: (800) 223 -9977 or VISA. No personal checks or COD's. CA resuena add 825% sales tax. We are not responsible for L.A. & Technical Into: (310) 784-5488 Fax: (310) 784 -7590 typographical errors. All merchandise stb)ect to prior sale. Phone orders welcome. Foreign orders require OEM INQUIRIES WELCOME special handling. Prices subject to change wfthou5 notice. 20% restocking tee for returned orders.. 111

CIRCLE 275 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com Get A New Image PC HF Facsimile $99 Caller ID Electronic Kits PC HF Facsimile is a simple, yet comprehensive short-wave Telephone Dialer fax system for the IBM PC and Alultiontinn Thermometer Nark, With Culler Il) compatibles. It includes an Mirrorontrolkr hard telephone In story, 240 Stores 141 rails! Whines name. And numbers FSK demodulator, advanced thermometer that ran use 4 in standard single messaging and hauen barked up signal processing software, .separate sensors and it dais multi- messaging Caller ID data to sour PC sia RS232 Serial dais memors. Norks nith ns from sour telephone continue. tutorial audio cassette, and link. Mraaure temperature from haurn or adapter. Sum,.' number. dale and eme are complete reference manual. -47 degrees Fahrenheit to +147 Ilia a 1. IS LCD displsr sturrd in haven backed up Just plug the demodulator into degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures and 12 button Les lud for memun and can transmitted tu a serial port, install the tan also he displayed in Celsius. esrs data entr, and um. sour PC in and RS232 serial data software and getting FAX is a link snap. Call for Information PC SSTV $149.95 1-800-772-3945 or 303-770-5747 GENOA Group, 7304 S. Altan N'ay, Suite A, Englewood, CO 80112 PC Slow Scan Television is a complete system for sending and receiving full color amateur SSTV. The package includes an SSTV FSK modem, SSTV software, image capture utilities and reference manual All popular formats are LIVE TV VIDEO supported including Robot, Scottie, Martin and AVT. The Ne1h19951 The MiniLink II 2.4 GHz video system. 5 (five) system requires a 286. 386 or channels is faster PC with VGA or super available and audio included. Each channel VGA display. is switch selectable right on the unit. no soldering or rewiring. and It is fully assembled No kit to lose parts Have It All For Only $199.95 and not a cheep modified Hill TV tuner. Transmit live video to any *TV. New advanced technology now allows micro TV For a limited time we are offering both software packages with a single FSK modem for under $200. This combination offer will let you send and receive all the popular transmitter to be carried anywhere. This is a ELC certified system HF image transmission modes. and NO license is required. Lowest cost Highest Quality. Call or write for our free catalog. Visa and Mastercard welcomed. Satisfaction Guaranteed International Orders Welcome Software Systems Consulting MICRO VIDEO PRODUCTS 615 S. El Camino Real, San Clemente, CA 92672 800 473 -0538 FAX 714 847 -4486 Tel. (714) 498 -5784 Fax. (714) 498 -0568 16201 OSBORNE ST WESTMINSTER CA 92683

MC68HC705K1 MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMER - $149.00 EDUCATIONAL STARTER KIT - $279.00

..a..t... Q o . o Q DU59

rI N MODEL PK1S MC68HC705K1 PROGRAMMER MODEL PK1S PROGRAMMER Motorola's MC68HC705K1 is a marvelously flexible and inexpensive 16 pin microcontrollet The PK1S connects to a PC serial port and provides the fastest, easiest way to program these devices. The PK1S programmer, power supply, host PC control software and manual is $149.00. Learn how to use microcontrollers in embedded systems with the educational starter kit which includes the above plus a PC based cross assembler, Motorola technical specs and applications guide, sample programs with schematic diagrams and an erasable Kl chip for $279.00. TEL: (802) 525 -3458 The Engi FAX: (802) 525 - 3451 Collaborativeneers, Inc. Route 3, Box 8C, Barton, VT 05822 112 TECI CIRCLE 274 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.com . v':,:`.'^....'.:á!;.`? ...:':G: PHONE TRANSMITTER Small but mighty,it fits anywhere. Phone line lOGHz needs The powered, never batteries. Transmits both sides of a phone transmitter conversation loud and clear, wireless, to any FM radio at great distances. Variable tunes from 70MHz to 130MHz FM. You can also is use it as a speaker phone. SIZE:1.25' x .6'. back... TEL -B1 KIT $12.95 BUILT $29.95 FM STERFA TRANSMITTER Own your own FM radio Tlie"ZAPPER station. Any stereo signal you plug into the FMST -100 transmitter. will be transmitted to any radio - Rainbow's new amateur FM radio tuneable from 76 and improved design it will not only test your to 108MHz FM. Transmit a wireless link through an With it's new auditorium, from your car to your camper, listen to radar detector... BUT it's tuned to the amateur radio band . your CD's while mowing the lawn, Play music on one channel sing on the other. Clarity is excellent, While your out on American highways personally test yours BUILT $ 4995 aprox. 40d8 stereo separation. Length of antenna and your fellow travelers radar detectors. determines the distance of transmission. Complete with stereo input level controls 8 crystal tor stereo The `ZAPPER II" is a 10.450 GHz to 10.550 CW oscillator. It has KIT$3995 separation. 9v battery operation. SIZE: 1.5' x 2.5' x 3' for those who want to send Morse code. a code key jack installed FMST -100 KIT $29.95 / Cabinet $8.95

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1 to 1400 MHz, RF output of +10 SG-4 Storage Display unit, provides digital image co® eo n Sweep Generator, -16 and SPM -19. rrrr_;r to -80 dBm in 1 dB steps. storage for use with the SPM cco m r r^rC-rí r.._ -7,t7.7'. Stationary, flickerfree image. ®e+ $975.00 ..r $6000.00 Hewlett- Packard 8620C/ 86290C Hewlett- Packard 3586B Sweep Oscillator System Wíltron 6653A Programmable Selective Level Meter 86290C RF Plug -in, 2 to 18.6 GHz, +13 dBm Sweep Generator maximum leveled The 8620C has full sweep Makes carrier measurements to 32.5 MHz, voice output. 2 to 26.5 GHz, GP -IB. channel measurements from 50 Hz to 100 kHz, can and cw functions. Both are like new condition. $4750.00 use the 33368 Level Generator as an automatic $2900.00 Special tracking generator. Includes options 001, 003, & 004. $850.00 Wanted Test Equipment AlUlIl$N Buy both together as a set for $1300.00 call or fax us your list! MSS AMY Please call for our Free 1995 Catalog 4I R *L__.1411I

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www.americanradiohistory.com COMPONENTS RAIN FOREST RESCUE: To HELP SAVE HUGE SELECTION of electronic components. Best prices available on capacitors, resistors, IC's, THE BIRDS OUTSIDE YOUR WINDOW diodes, transistors, and more. Send for free catalog. Fastronics, 2312D Crestview, Suite 112 -ES1, If the destruction of the rain forests continues, the birds in Hudson, WI 54016. your yard may not return. Right now you can help put a stop to this destruction by joining The National Arbor Day Foundation and supporting Rain Forest Rescue. COMPUTER EQUIPMENT When you join, the Foundation will preserve WANTED threatened rain forest in your name. I WANT it and I want it now. I want all of your SIMM memory. IBM, Mac, new, used, even defective. I want it all. Highest $ paid. Call 1 (800) 4- MEMORY To contribute to Rain Forest Rescue, call now! Voice/FAX. 1 -800- 222 -5312 ® The National Arbor Day Foundation

Consumer Information Catalog

The Greatest Thing Since Sliced Bread No matter how you slice it, our Finally, a low cost way of getting into the monitor repair business. With the Checker 12 you free Consumer Information Catalog can test and repair computa monitors with speed and accuracy. The "Checker 12" is an is great food for thought. easy to operate hand held , battery, or AC operated computer color monitor pattern The Catalog dishes up more gaterator. With its support of CG A( 15. 751khz),EGA(22khz),MACII(35khz), and VGA than 200 modes 1,2.3 (31.5khz), 800X600(35khz), 1024X768 interlaced.(35khz), 1024X768 non - free and low -cost interlaced, & 1024X768N1 witk erne on Green (48khz), you can easily checkout a government booklets on subjects monitor in all of its modes. With its' single mode switch, you know exactly what type of such as staying healthy, eating monitor you are testing. You don't have to he a monitor expert to use the Checker 12. its' right, finding a job, getting federal front panel color pictures, show just what you should he seeing on the monitor under test. benefits, using credit, buying a You can quickly tell if the monitor is a VGA, SVGA, or a SVGA/NI. No more guessing. The "Checker 12" provides various teat patterns for VGA monitors. X- hatch, for size and home, helping your kids, taking linearity and convergence set -up. White screen, for purity and CRT burn evaluation. Color care of your car, and much, much bars and 8 step tray scale for color tracking and balance. There is also a single color mode more. that allows for single color channel operation. There is no easier way to test and evaluate To get your free copy, send your - monitors than with the Checker 12. name and address to: Price: $295.00 + $5.00 S&H. Includes battery, AC adapter, Mac adapter and 120 day warranty Consumer Information Center We also have the Checker VI, a six pod stand -alone VGA (640x480) test pattern generator, Department GT NO computer required. Just $249.95. Pueblo, Colorado 81009

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www.americanradiohistory.com COMPUTER CONNECTIONS BY JEFF HOLTZMAN

Now to solos all your PC problems

Go cold turkey: sell your PC.

CONUNDRUM: HOW CAN THE FOL- terfuge then is to proclaim a goal that is the exact opposite of the LOWING BE TRUE: PC = PC? IN real goal, and to keep shifting the focus to various pieces of the puz- HONOR OF THE LAST MONTH OF SUMMER VACATION, I'D zle. Doing so will ensure that no one, neither customers nor com- LIKE TO DEDICATE THIS MONTH'S COLUMN TO A VERY petitors, will ever be able to figure out what the goal is, or even if serious subject, albeit one with a easy, anybody could do it, and if there is one. lighthearted side. The subject con- anybody could do it, lots of people Approximately every five years cerns the very difficult problem of would lose their jobs. The sub- or so, propose a new technology as personal-computer ease of use. In spite of all our best efforts during the past few decades, things are not getting better, but worse. Following are several ideas for TtME Fog ALL dealing with the problem in an 1MEN`To efficient manner. These ideas are óop G Á PAPER descriptions of several magazine G TO PENCIL_ articles I don't have time to write, but would love to read. (Note placement of tongue firmly in cheek.) The articles are: Why the computer will never get easier WYSIWYG is really WYGIN- WYS Real men prefer the command line interface Sell your copy of Windows, put your kids through college Networks are for nitwits Do what Nancy does Renounce graphics, sound, and video Forswear Microsoft products and survive Go cold turkey: sell your PC

Why the computer will never get easier The computer industry has a vest- ed interest in difficulty. If it was FIG. 1- RESOLVE ALL YOUR PC PROBLEMS in one fell swoop. Just say no. 124

www.americanradiohistory.com the universal solution to the problems common features helps ensure Of course, without Windows, facing computers. Examples include employment for a wide range of pro- you'll have no need for Windows Structured Programming, Networks, fessionals: modelers, programmers, applications. Depending on the Artificial Intelligence, and Object - testers, technicians, management, degree to which you had been led Oriented Programming. For the past third -party support organizations, down the path, you should be able to few years, the GUI has been touted as and more. The bugs and inconsisten- recoup another 100 MB of disk space, the solution to difficulty. Yet has no cies thereby created help feed a press or even more. In the return to CLI one noticed that the complexity of hungry to print bad news. It also computing, this essentially means that system configuration has increased feeds consumers' increasingly cynical you'll never have to buy a computer geometrically? Do you know what views of both government and busi- again. So instead of perpetually buy- every line in your CONFIG.SYS ness. It also contributes to an ever- ing products with 4 to 5 year obsoles- does? How about your expanding spiral of bug fixes and cence cycles, you can buy a computer SYSTEM.INI? Do you think that is upgrades. Full employment for every- once and bank the rest. Potential life- an accident? one! A chicken in every pot! A bug in time savings could easily amount to every product! $100,000 or more. WYSIWYG is really WYGINWYS Real men prefer the Networks are for nitwits Pronounce that as "Whizzy Wig is command line interface People who really want to share really Wiggin Whiz." The theme of (Women aren't really interested in files trade floppies, temporarily con- this article is: "What You See Is What technology, so don't worry about the nect using LapLink, or use an on -line You Get" is a lie; the truth is, "What implicit sexism in the title of this arti- service. Corporate networks are sim- You Get Is Never What You See." cle.) ply a way to usurp individual power. This article will not bore us with Whereas early articles showed that The primary beneficiaries are the net- technical descriptions of device -inde- WYSIWYG is not all it's cracked up work dweebs, not the users, and cer- pendent programming models, reso- to be, this article begins laying the tainly not the corporation. lution differences between printers groundwork for an anti- WYSIWYG Even within the computer indus- and monitors, page -description lan- backlash. The upshot is this: try, network dweebs occupy an exalt- guages, markup languages, or any- Anything GU(I) can do, CLI can do ed position. They have their own thing of the sort. The real purpose is better; CLI can do anything better jargon, incomprehensible even to to expose the collusion among major than GU(I). dweebs in related specialties. They're manufacturers and the government. Using examples such as vi, responsible to no one, come and go as In the name of full employment, the TROFF and TEX, this article will they please, and use any flimsy excuse government has worked behind the prove that CL -based edit/format duos to bring the network down at the scenes with industry leaders to ensure can do anything that GUI -based word most inopportune moment for users. that products from different manufac- processors and desktop publishers can Within a PC, nothing -not even turers are fundamentally incompatible do, but at significantly less cost, with multimedia- causes more trouble with one another. greater reliability, and with greater than networking hardware and soft- One of the primary beneficiaries of understanding on the part of the user. ware. this economic system is the govern- A related topic is: "Who needs So to regain control over your life ment itself, which has to set up- spreadsheets when you've got and simplify your existence, forego secretly, of course -incompatibility COBOL and FORTRAN ?" networking. certification labs (ICLs). The purpose of these labs is to certify products as Sell your copy of Windows, put Do what Nancy does incompatible at a fundamental level. your kids through college Is it an accident that every 18 Manufacturers are forbidden from After proving the higher innate effi- months or so a whole new generation releasing commercial products that cien'y and accuracy of the CLI, the of computer hardware is released that show any significant level of compati- next step is to divest yourself of your makes everyone want to dispose of bility with similar products from GUI, most likely Windows. Right their current inventory and upgrade? other manufacturers. Running these away you'll recover a good 40 MB of No, it is no accident. But that doesn't labs is actually the purpose of the disk space. You'll also start sleeping mean we have to respond like trained super- secret National Security better because you'll be able to start rats to some Skinnerian buzzer. Agency (NSA), which contrary to focusing on content once again, leav- When it comes to hardware (and popular opinion measures security in ing appearance to someone else. software) upgrades, take a tip from terms of economic stability, not mili- You'll thrill to monospaced printouts Nancy Reagan: Just say no. tary might, stealth, or sophistication. in Courier. You'll revel in tools sim- The software industry is the major ple enough to operate without Renounce graphics, sound, beneficiary of the activities of the thought -like riding a bike. and video ICLs. Devising, developing, and sup- Productivity will zoom at least 400% Multimedia has already shown porting complex models that abstract within days! itself to be more concerned with sur- 125

www.americanradiohistory.com "YOUR face presentation than deep content. Byte magazine long ago referred to as So giving up the CD -ROM and the "Generic Word Processor: "the FREE sound card should not be difficult. standard wood -barreled #2 pencil. An Doing so will result in further gains electric pencil sharpener is a political- in hard -disk space. A side effect will ly correct peripheral, although favor CATALOG be a two- order -of- magnitude reduc- will shine on those who opt for man- tion in system complexity, and a cor- ual devices. responding increase in robustness Ask yourself: Did Newton need a KNOCKED and reliability. No more unexplained PC to invent calculus? Did Einstein crashes! No more frozen mouse need one to invent the theory of rela- MY SOCKS pointers just before your file is actu- tivity? ally saved. Conundrum resolved OFF" Forswear Microsoft products Politically correct equals no per- and survive sonal computer. Yes, this is a capitalist society, but We get that sort of comment enough is enough. The next step on E -mail all the time. People are the way back to a simpler, more self- Someone sent me a huge uuen- impressed that our free determined way of life is to forswear coded file via internet mail. The file Consumer Information use of all products made by contained a demo of something the Catalog lists so many free Microsoft. We started by giving up sender thought I (and you) might be and low -cost government Windows; now let's throw in DOS, interested in. I'll never know because booklets. There are more networking, applications, program- I aborted the download as soon as I ming tools, games, utilities, and any- realized what was going on. than 200 in all, containing a Sending thing else may be wealth of valuable that lurking large unsolicited files via email is very around. (We're considering offering bad etiquette. a information. Feel free to send a one -time -per -user exception for short, concise summary of your prod- They tell you how to make one copy of a crucial Microsoft pro- uct-but not the product itself-via money, how to save money gram, such as QBasic or Flight email. If I'm interested, I'll get back and how to invest it wisely. Simulator.) Conservative estimates to you. They tell you about federal are that system stability will increase Someone else suggested doing a at least as much as by giving benefits, housing, jobs, and up mul- column on Linux, a UNIX clone for timedia. We learning activities for also expect significant Intel -based CPUs. In essence, Linux disk and memory savings as well. is a shareware product developed and children. They fill you in on supported by programmers all over nutrition, health and much, Go cold turkey: the world. I have heard and read much more. sell your PC good things about Linux, but to date Our free Catalog will very I think my high -school class was have no hands -on experience with it. likely impress you, too. But among the last to learn how to use a Frankly, the thought of installing it slide rule. first you have to get it. Just You probably don't even and learning enough about it to say know what one is. (If not: A rule send your name and slide something intelligent is not terribly is a self-powered low- address to: maintenance appealing, based primarily on years of analog device for multiplying and difficult experiences installing and Consumer Information Center dividing by adding and subtracting testing commercial operating sys- Department KO logarithms.) It was easy to get three tems, such as DOS, Wmdows, OS/2, Pueblo, Colorado 81009 places of decimal accuracy from a and other Intel UNIX clones. On the sli4e rule; whereas today's CPUs other hand, I'm not totally against it, (e.g., Pentium) and applications (e.g., either. If there's a lot of interest, I'll Windows calculators) can't even give it a second thought. Let me guarantee that. So you don't need a know. PC to do accurate number crunching. Also, I enjoyed hearing from 14- Nor do you need one to do word year old Billy K., from Des Moines. processing. Used equipment stores Billy is interested in everything to do are filled with typewriters rendered with computers and electronics, and I obsolete by the computer revolution; bet someday he'll turn out to be a they can be had for a song. However, crack engineer. a typewriter can be a high- mainte- You can reach me on CompuServe A public service of this publication and nance item just like a PC; you may as 72170,2226, or via the Internet at 126 the Consumer Information Center of the want to simplify even further to what 72170.2 226 @CompuServe.Com. U. S. General Services Administration

www.americanradiohistory.com 1J J hJ LIT ER!! U RE USE THE FREE INFORMATION CARD FOR FAST RESPONSE

Your HF Digital Companion: defines the terms unique to com- laws governing the interception of munication in the digital modes. E -mail (which perhaps could not Explore HF Digital Communication really be enforced anyway), you are with Your Multimode Controller responsible for protecting your by Steve Ford, WB8IMY own computer communications. E -Mail Security: The American Radio Relay League Bruce Schneier tells you how to 225 Main Street How to Keep Your Electronic Messages do so. He has divided his book into Newington, CT 06111 Private two sections. The first section is Phone: 203 -666 -1541 by Bruce Schneier. devoted to the issues of privacy, Fax: 203-665-7531 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. electronic mail, encryption, $10.00 605 Third Avenue authentication, and keeping your This book is New York, NY 10158 -0012 private "key" private. The roles of an introduc- Phone: 1- 800- CALL -WILEY patents, government, and export don to high - $24.95 laws are examined. frequency Today, mes- The second section focuses on (HF) commu- sages can be achieving E- mail privacy. It warns

nication that mrri. rir.rnic nrss4cEbUP.ivntr sent by com- users about how messages are provides the puter modem intercepted, read, copied, and even practical a lot faster (in some cases) altered for mali- information than they can cious purposes. The author needed for the by sent by the explains how you can avoid those amateur radio traditional breaches of privacy. CIRCLE 337 ON FREE services from INFORMATION CARD operator CIRCLE 338 ON FREE interested in INFORMATION CARD messenger communicating in that region of and postal Mobile Communication the spectrum. It is written simple system to Federal Express or UPS. English without being filled with However, in transmitting over Satellites: confusing jargon. open telephone lines, your message Steve Ford explains the differ- is far more vulnerable to intercep- Theory and Applications ences between HF digital commu- tion by unwanted persons than ever by Tom Logsdon. nication and other operating before. So you have a tradeoff McGraw -Hill Book Company modes and its advantages. He between speed and security. 11 West 19th Street explains how to set up a HF digital This book is all about how to New York, NY 10011 station that permits the use the dig- regain some or all of the privacy Phone: 1- 800-2- MCGRAW ital modes to talk to radio amateurs lost to E -mail. The average elec- $55.00 anywhere in the world. tronic mail message passes through This book is The book explains such subjects a half dozen intermediate stages all about the as hunting for digital DX, work between its source and its destina- latest advances mailbox and bulletin -board sys- tion, and there are no laws to pre- in global wir- tems, and how to compete in con- vent prying eyes from reading that eless commu- tests that test operating skills. message. MOBILEyy nication. Tom Other topics discussed are RTTY You probably don't want co- Logsdon exp- TheoryM11V17_ and the AMTOR, PacTOR, workers, hackers, or even your TOM 1001000 lains the pre- CLOVER, and G -TOR digital supervisor to read you messages. sent status CIRCLE 339 ON FREE modes. The book contains lists of Worse yet they might be intercept- INFORMATION CARD and the future helpful books and newsletters as ed by business competitors or oth- prospects for well as sources for equipment and ers intent on prying into your the constellations of communica- software. An extensive glossary personal affairs. In the absence of tion satellites that are now being 127

www.americanradiohistory.com deployed in geosynchronous, low -alti- instructing the student in how to who have had or still hold key posi- tude, and medium -altitude orbits. He accomplish a practical objective and tions in the technology. then describes how those satellites are reinforcing that learning. The concept of the "learning revolutionizing communications and Lists of procedures provide ready curve" is described, relating it to the navigation for ships, aircraft, commer- references to the steps required to normal decline in prices as production cial and emergency vehicles, and even complete each lesson, and step -by- ramps up. You will also learn about the private cars. step instructions teach the reader how necessity for having second or alterna- The book includes explanations of to apply those lessons to solve specific tive sources for popular devices. such important communications con- spreadsheet objectives. The reader will find useful infor- cepts as constellation selection, The reader is encouraged to prac- mation here about the specialties of spread -spectrum, digital implementa- tice newly acquired skills by doing the various manufacturers that should tion, and data -compression. You'll independent projects with decreasing be useful in tracking down sources for find out how analytical tools select the levels of text support. A reference sec- specific kinds of chips. The book even most efficient constellation configuration at the end of the book lists all of ventures into a discussion of corporate tions and how mobile communication the commands needed to complete the reputations, listing those manufactur- satellites are designed. You'll also projects presented in the text. ers who have remained innovative and learn how and why signal formats and dynamic (making them attractive frequencies are selected. employers) and those which have fall- en behind the flock. Living with the Chip: How the Chip Affects Your Business, Getting Started with lotus 1 -2 -3 Your Family, Your Home, Your Job, and "The Audio Source" Summer Sale for Windows Your Future by David Manners and Tsugio Catalog by Barbara R. Farrell. Makimoto John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapman and Hall Sescom, Inc. 605 Third Avenue One Penn Plaza 2100 Ward Drive, New York, NY 10158 -0012 New York, NY 10119 Henderson, NV 89015 -4249 Phone: 1- 800- CALL -WILEY Phone: 212 -564 -1060 Phone: 800 - 634-3457 (orders only) $13.95 $16.95 or 702 -565 -3400

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www.americanradiohistory.com AUDIO U P D A T E BY FRANKLIN J. MILLER

AUDIO CONNECTOR OVERVIEW

XLR, Unbalanced, and DIN Connectors

THREE DIFFERENT CONNECTORS ARE terminate cables joining audio components. The phone plug IN WIDE USE TODAY IN CONSUMER looks like the mini plug but it is called a phone plug because it was AUDIO EQUIPMENT. THEY ARE THE SO- CALLED RCA PLUG originally used as a connector for manually operated telephone AND JACK, THE 'i4-INCH MONO AND STEREO PLUG AND switchboards. Phone plugs can have two or three elements, and jack and the 3.5- millimeter mono inch would be specified as they have barrels that are 11/4 -inch and stereo plugs and jacks. DIN 5/8x27TPI. (31.8 mm) long. and XLR connectors are more The phone plug is a larger ver- Phone plugs are used primarily likely to be found on top -of-the- sion of the mini plug and is used to on headphones and microphone line consumer audio products and professional audio equipment for recording studios and radio and TV stations. The connector specified for audio equipment depends on the price and aqpplication of the audio equipment. Regardless of where the equipment is made, the manufacturer must choose standard connectors that are compatible with and appropriate for the price and application of the equipment in the country where he intends to sell it. The mini plug accepts wire with shield braid. The tip of the plug contacts the center conductor of the wire, while the cylindrical metal extension of barrel of the plug contacts the shield braid. The wire has some of the properties of unbalanced coaxial cable, but the shield braid is not coaxial with the central lead. If the barrel has internal threads, it is identified by its diameter and the number of threads per inch. A 5,8 -inch diameter barrel with 27 threads to the FIG. 1 -PHONE PLUGS: The mono, two- conductor version (a) and the stereo, three -conductor version (b). 134

www.americanradiohistory.com The XLR connector The plugs previously described are single -cable connectors. Audio components can have a large number of jacks, so a large number of cables might be required. Consequently, the space behind a rack housing those components can look like a maze. In addition to being unsightly, this situation can make it difficult to locate and trace individual cables. Moreover, it can lead to the making of incorrect a connections. One solution is the use cables terminated with XLR connector plugs. Sometimes called Cannon plugs (a reference to the manufacturer, now n ITT Cannon), they are standard input and output connectors for pro- b fessional and some high -end (semi- (b). FIG. 2-PHONE JACK: 114 -inch mono jack (a) and its schematic symbol professional) audio equipment. Figure 5 -a shows a three- contact cords. They are available in I/4 -inch schematic symbol. There are also keyed XLR in -line socket, and Fig. 5- (6.35 mm), 1/4-inch (3.5 mm) and 3/32 - other jack configurations for closed b shows a three- contact keyed XLR inch (2.5 mm) plug diameters. In tips, closed tips and open rings, trans- in -line plug. It is possible to insert the those parts of the world where metric fer, and "break" circuits. plug in its jack in only one way. measurements are standard, the 1/8- Phono or phonograph plugs are There are also five- contact keyed inch (0.141 -inch diameter) plug is primarily found in "line -level" audio XLR connectors. called the 3.5 mm plug. Both two - or video systems. The names phono XLR connectors typically connect and three -conductor styles with and phone are similar so they should low -level signals from microphones matching sockets called jacks are not be confused. Today phono plugs to mixers or public address systems. readily available. are referred to as RCA plugs. Figure They are also used to connect line - Figure 1 -a shows a monophonic 4 shows one version of the RCA level signals such as the outputs and phone plug. An insulated ring isolates phono plug. It has a 0.125 -inch diam- inputs from mixers and signal -pro- the tip from the sleeve to provide two eter or 3.1 mm tip. RCA connectors cessing circuits to power amplifiers. insulated contact surfaces. The dotted typically connect a CD player to a XLR connectors are balanced con- lines represent the internal wiring. stereo receiver with a shielded cable. nectors, which helps to reduce any Figure 1 -b shows a stereophonic plug that also has an insulated tip and sleeve, but a third insulated element .276 1.000 called the ring is inserted between the tip and sleeve to provide a third insulated contact surface. Both mini and phone plugs can be either monophonic or stereophonic. In both the 1/4 -inch and 3.5 mm mono and stereo plugs, the sleeve is the ground connection and the tip is 3/8-32 the "hot" connection. In the 1/4 -inch NEF THD. and 3.5 -mm stereo plugs, the ring is the "cold" connection for left or out - of -phase signals and the tip is for right or in -phase signals. Phone plugs are available in right -angle form. Figure 2 -a is a drawing of 1/4 -inch open -tip mono jack, and Fig. 2 -b is its schematic symbol. Figure 3 -a is a drawing of a 1/4-inch open -tip stereo 135 phono jack, and Fig. 2 -b is its FIG. 3- PHONE JACK: 1i4 -inch stereo jack (a) and its schematic symbol (b).

www.americanradiohistory.com noise and hum pickup by the system in which they are installed. Figure 6 -a shows an XLR panel socket, and Fig. 6 -b shows an XLR panel plug. XLR adapter /transformers can adapt a microphone with a 1/4 -inch plug to a public address amplifier or mixer that has an XLR input jack. There are also adapter/transformers that will adapt a professional microphone with an XLR plug to an amplifier or mixer with a 1/4 -inch input jack.

Internationally accepted standards b as well as the American EIA standards FIG. 5-IN -LINE XLR CONNECTORS: jack (a) and plug (b).

connected to the terminal points of the RCA connector. the plug or jack (also called a socket). The RCA connector was and is made by forming flat brass stock into Unbalanced connectors a tulip shaped sleeve and a cylindrical Unbalanced connectors for audio tip insulated by phenolic insulation. .813" 0.125' equipment were first introduced in This connector could be made in the 1930's, but were modified for mil- high volume and was later adopted as .125' 0.375' itary equipment during World War the connector of choice for the Hi -Fi II. One example is the PJ -042 mili- industry that was forming in the tary-style connector. After the war, a 1950's. However, the 1/4 -inch phone 1/4-inch phone jack, based on the PJ- jack still offers lower contact resis- FIG. 4 -RCA PLUG is formed from sheet 042, became brass, and the tip and sleeve are insulated popular for less noise intro- by phenolic. audio applications. The original mili- duced into the system. It also offers tary design was simplified to make it better strain relief for portable cords. RS -221 (10 -79) and RS -297A (6 -70) easier to manufacture. In the mid 1950's, while stereo was specify the pm numbers on XLR contacts. On a three -contact XLR, pin 1 is the ground connection, pin 2 is the audio (in-phase) connection, and pin 3 is the audio (return or out -of phase) connection. In Fig. 5 -a, contact 1 is at the left, contact 2 is at the right and contact 3 is at the bottom. On five- contact XLRs, the first three pins have the same functions as those on the three contact version with pins 2 and 3 assigned to channel 1. Pins 4 and 5 for channel 2 have the same functions as pins 2 and 3, respectively. When the male and female con- b nectors are joined together, pin 1 of FIG. 6 -XLR PANEL CONNECTORS:jack (a) and plug (b). the male makes contact with pin 1 of the female, establishing the ground One of the early manufacturers of still in its infancy, a need developed connection before pins 2 and 3 are the 1i4 -inch phone jack was Switch - for two conductors with a shield to connected simultaneously. XLR con- craft, Chicago, Illinois. Although the carry the left and right signals and nectors are usually used in balanced Switchcraft products were successful, their common ground. The PJ -068 circuits with a ground connection, a lower cost audio connector devel- military standard connector, similar but they can function in unbalanced oped by Cinch Connectors of Elk to the 1/4 -inch jack but with three circuits. Grove Village, Illinois, became even contacts, had been developed by then. There is no standardization as to more popular because of its lower With the PJ -068 as its model, a 136 the way the wires of the cable are cost. It has since become known as Continued on page 159

www.americanradiohistory.com Symbols Drl in SCHEMATIC SOFTWARE Eri in 21 m Inserter Lisvn continued from page 34 22 JA Phono Jack LOW -PASS DrsesN 23 LA LAMP FILTER Ersyn in that they can draw sche- 24 LE LED Dr txt matics, but they don't create 25 NA NAND Gate Er txt netlists, generate a bill of mate- 26 ND NPN Transistor E down C2 Dr obj rials (BOM), or lay out PC 27 NJ N channel JFET .IiIUF Er-box 29 NM N channel MOSFET Cobox boards. Their sole purpose is to I Mobox pa- 29 NO NOR gate put your circuit designs on 30 NU NPN Transistor E up Chlbr R9 per using schematic symbols. 31 OA Op amp teac lot Most drawing programs can 32 OR OR gate Dir Ilj 33 PD PNP Transistor E down Save create schematic diagrams, Lt11a1 even Windows' Paintbrush - 34 PH Phi R1O Load 25K Merge but it takes a lot of time to draw 35 PI Pi .OIUF them. Schematic draw pro- 36 PJ P channel JFET EdsyM grams simplify the process by 37 PM P channel MOSFET Dfsyn common symbols, 38 PO Potentiometer New in "canning" 39 PU PNP Transistor E up Rdraw such as resistors and tran- 40 RE Resistor Space sistors, in a library file, where Erpi they can be called on screen, Dos wired to- placed quickly, and PeUp PgDn select 'ESC> exit list Scale 1 U gether. In this section we look at FIG. 3 -WHILE AUTOSKEM IS DIFFICULT TO USE, it will run on any PC which has just three schematic draw programs 384K of RAM and a single floppy drive. Which is perfect for owners of an 8088 or 286 ranging in price from $20 to system.

$99. _.1 TuiboCAD for Windows Elle Edit Draw View Snaps Options Window Help Product: Schematic Plus I®I-1s1,,, RItIIarr: Version: 0.4 inx y Sea 1 rmi Rot rirri. Price $20 C:kTCAD Wl N1U RA WI N G ST U RB OC AU. T (: W Platform: Windows R I W I6 Publisher: Steven Poulsen WAVEFORM LOW-PASS GENERATOR FILTER For rock -bottom price you -a can't beat Schematic Plus, a

Windows -based shareware pro- 01ui CI gram written by Steven Poul- 3 A 00 4 RD sen. Despite its low $20 asking 9 OE 13 Ra cur 'z 22K --C oc It 6 price, Schematic Plus has some 0 OD _ R r1e RI editing features such RCO 22K 103K advanced 7 ENV ,a as automatic annotation. It ENT Re j Open Clase El Dynamic Rotation 2 2.2K j CU( _. - -_ a doesn't generate netlists or have - C LOAD rl. FCl eLP R3 w circuit -simulation capability, 2211 Crystal is easy to use Neo Crystal Transducer but the program Darlington NPN and certainly powerful enough Darlington PNP DC Generator to draw schematics if you can Differential Driver live without zoom and block a. r Differential Receiver '- _.__.____ _._ - Diode Copy Rotate or Scale selection functions. Interestingly, the Mare, 1 Darlington PNP (0 400,0 MI In) to program saves the drawings FIG. 4- TURBOCAD SCREEN. The nice thing about using a CAD program to draw files in the Windows' MetaFile schematics is that the software is a lot more versatile. format (WMF), which means you can import your schematics petitive part placement isn't That limits you to about 15 pins directly into text and graphics supported. The component li- per device. So if you need to applications, such as Word for brary contains about a dozen or create a 68 -pin IC, forget it. Ac- Windows. That's the only way so devices, some of which you'd cording to the author, the li- you can print the schematic to seldom use, like the node sum- brary editor will improve con- hard copy; the program itself mer (see Fig. 2). So be prepared siderably as the software ad- doesn't have any kind of printer to spend a fair amount of time vances from version 0.4 to 0.6 support. creating device symbols with over the next few months. Li- All wiring is orthogonal the library editor. However, you brary devices are saved as indi- (drawn only horizontal or ver- don't have complete freedom vidual files in a directory, and tical). Devices are placed on the when designing new devices be- you can sort parts by storing drawing one at a time by high- cause library symbols are built them in different subdirecto- lighting its name from a compo- on a 68 -by -68 grid, and a dot ries. nent library. Unfortunately, re- takes up nine grid squares. Overall, Schematic Plus is an 137

www.americanradiohistory.com lii[f51d11 electronic 1 Cops, and paste to pcz files 4m and text can be rotated and siz- Parts -bin sell cam asmiles DO NOT CUT"1 sf your choke Ike ed before placement -but not doesn't molter. Eeremrier not is after. For devices that need more 6e COT ryauui i- m :IE- than 30 lines to construct (the } 4- o O nnn beeeprfionef Are w O QQQr a t o ,ñ * -if- %r-n, If spuds maximum you can use for secidenhigostbi mistake, broad- symbol), AutoSkem offers an dells p.st-AOet object editor, which is basically where it kiwis in the Errs a block capture feature that a+ee-aE111lr saves the drawing to an object .pm sae of your ti ir÷IF am% pesfe Ar. sw- file. .\\ if * tion,lniruoapkd Like symbols, objects can be e rrdywrerereny tode.tgneairmd! called from a menu and placed (iDjC12)* *-* If you Aodl4d your aanreferR anywhere in a drawing. Their slowing down all is con- -41 gwrloetedeis advantage that they can smee+otroare tain text and symbols, as well as OFF unrivny.e .d re- + boot ulroym lines. Their disadvantage is ribs* Levu that they can't be scaled or ro- st.a4110er*b 1 1F speed tated. 111F 4 was The drawing area is 1000 by ill' T T ï111111F done a.lEl:Wllr adh . Pax 911 1000 units square, but only Wear vor-r %.13 p f n 9 9 µ v n I Cammeafsr one -ninth of it is visible on the sagysta.rre;E-isrl 4 ET. 4,52r screen at any time, making it mdlge9ugr-ia- difficult to draw large sche- FIG. 5- ELECTRONICS PARTS -BIN is freeware created by Jim Marinelli that lets you matics. Yes, you can zoom out to build schematics from clip art. see the overall picture, locate excellent program for drawing While not nearly as sophisti- the area of interest, and zoom and importing schematics into cated or powerful, AutoSkem back in. But you can't run com- documents. And its a dynamite has the look and feel of Schema, mands from the zoom -out buy for the money. The program a very -successful, high -end mode. was originally available to Amer- schematic -capture program So a lot of initial part place- ican Online subscribers only, from the 80's that was just re- ment must be done by guess where you can find Steven Poul- cently put out to pasture. Draw- and by golly. Compounding the sen should you need technical ing and editing commands are problem is that devices can't be support, but it's now available located in a menu column dis- edited after placement; they can on the Gernsback BBS played along the right side of only be moved. And if the object (516- 293 -2283, v.32, v.42bis), the screen (see Fig. 3), and are to be moved is bigger than the CompuServe, and Internet un- selected by the cursor keys or viewing window, it has to be der the filename SCH06.ZIP. mouse. A handful of the more erased and placed again -a te- Download time is about eight basic commands, like grid on/ dious job, indeed. minutes. off and cross -hair sizing, are AutoSkem's greatest attribute controlled by the keyboard's is undoubtedly its print fea- Product: AutoSkem function keys, and are not listed tures, which, for a DOS drawing Version: 1.41 in the menu. program, are quite remarkable. Price $29 Schematics are constructed Drawings can be output to a Platform: DOS from three basic objects: lines, dot -matrix printer, LaserJet symbols, All Distributor: BSOFT Software and text. Lines aren't printer, or HPGL plotter. or orthogonally locked, making it any part of the drawing can be easy to draw diagonals but selected for printing, and the se- If you're a starving student harder to square corners. Sym- lected area of the drawing can saddled with an old circa -1986 bols representing electronic de- be rotated and sized to fit the PC, you might want to consider vices are stored in symbol paper. AutoSkem -a very inexpensive libraries, each of which can Six years ago AutoSkem ($29) DOS -based schematic hold up to 100 symbols. While would have been a big hit at any drawing program that lets you there's no limit to the number of price. But today it's as dated as create simple schematics on libraries you can have, a sche- the dinosaurs it's designed to vintage computers that don't matic can be drawn using com- run on. However, $29 is a tempt- have the resources to run Win- ponents from only a single ing carrot. So if you'd like to try dows. All it takes is any IBM -PC library. If the component this program, you can find an or PC clone, including a lowly doesn't exist in the selected li- abridged, but fully functional 8088 -based machines with 384 brary, it's simply not shown in version of AutoSkem on the kilobytes of RAM and a floppy the drawing. Gernsback BBS or America drive. Be warned, though, Auto - Part designations and values Online under the name AUTO - Skem isn't an easy program to are placed on the drawing with a SK14. ZIP. Download time for use, and it lacks some basic edi- text editor, and are not a part of this program is about four min- 138 ting features. the device itself. Both symbols utes.

www.americanradiohistory.com Product: TurboCAD Waveform Low -pass Version: 2.0 C I ock Generator Filter Price $99 Platform: Windows Publisher: IMSI

Any drawing program can draw schematics. The draw- R4 R12 C3 74L5161 2.2K 100K back here is that creating the R1 In D induc- 1CLR C MT symbols (transistors, 3 8 RS t ICs, so on) takes a lot RS U3 tors, and LOAD A 1K 19 2.2K 1 R13i 111124 However, R2 SSS T 100K of patience and time. C4 1K RI4 B1uF there are some CAD drawing RS 25K programs that have electronic Rs 1K 2.2K symbol libraries -like Tur- P C boCAD for Windows. Unlike T.OIuF RLB R7 1 1K some drawing programs with 2.2K similar libraries, such as Auto - CAD, TurboCAD's $99 price won't break the piggy bank. 1 There's even a library module with PC board layout symbols (see Fig. 4). FIG. 6- BOARDMAKER's screen could not be captured, which is why you see a The nice thing about using a printout instead. CAD program to draw schematics is that it has a lot more to complicated than they should a fistful of passive parts -it's offer, like unlimited zoom, mul- be. And the learning curve is easier to do the PC board layout tiple drawing layers, and ex- steeper. That's whyThrboCAD is manually rather than run the tremely large drawing sheets. not recommended for hobbyists design through a bunch of Although you can find sche- who only need to draw simple netlists. For such manual de- matic capture programs with schematics. But if you need a sign, the software should be the same features, they are gen- drawing program to create com- simple and to the point. The fol- erally very expensive. plex schematics frequently, lowing three programs -all The basic ThrboCAD package then TurboCAD could be just DOS -based British imports- comes with a limited number of the ticket you're looking for. fill the bill. They let you draw schematic symbols that include Electronics Parts -bin lets you schematics plus manually a capacitor, resistor, and a build schematics from clip art layout a PC board using screens handful of TTL ICs. For real (see Fig. 5). The clip art library and commands that are com- work, though, you'll want to of general purpose electronics mon to both. buy one or more of the 20 extra - components is contained in a cost libraries IMSI sells for use file called PARTBIN1.PCX that's Product: BoardMaker I with ThrboCAD. But as you add available on the Gernsback Version: 1.5 libraries to the setup, cost goes BBS, and can also be found in Price $95 up. Fortunately, the libraries the software forum of America Platform: DOS aren't that expensive. For exam- Online. Download time is about Publisher: Ohio Automation ple, the TTL, ECL, and CMOS 11 minutes. lb use the library, libraries sell for $29.95 each. Or open up PARTBIN1.PCX in a If you're in the market for an you can get all three, along with drawing program like Windows' economical schematic drawing several other electronic mod- Paintbrush and copy the com- program with PC board layout ules, for just $79.95 when you ponent you wish to the clip- that's easy to use, yet powerful purchase the Electronic Design board. Open a new or existing enough to handle large designs, library. file and paste the component in you'll fall in love with A shortcoming in using a place. Lines and text are pro- BoardMaker I. This program CAD program to draw sche- vided by the drawing program. can lay out circuit boards up to matics is that it can be overkill 17 inches square. It has ad- some of the time. You have a lot Schematics with PCB layout vanced drawing and editing fea- more power than you need, so One of the joys in life is taking tures normally found in pro- some things are a little more an idea from concept to a work- grams costing several hundred ing device. The project doesn't dollars, and it supports a wide Product: Electronics Parts -bin have to be complicated or earth range of printers, pen plotters, You Price Free shaking-but it surely has to and photoplotters. can buy Platform: Windows end in an etched printed -circuit BoardMaker I for just $95. is Basically, BoardMaker I is a Publisher: Jim Marinelli board. If the design simple - consisting of a couple of ICs and DOS -based PC board layout pro- 139

www.americanradiohistory.com Electronics Now, September 1995 TABLE 1

TurboCAD CADPAK II ISIS Electronics EZ-Route Std Schematic SuperCAD for for AutoSkem BoardMaker I Supersketch CircuitMaker Easy-PC Easy-PC Pro Workbench EZ-Logic Plus SuperCAD Windows Windows WinScheme Price $29 $95 $159 $299 $195 $349 $299 $249 $20 $99 $149 $99 $179 Format DOS DOS DOS Windows DOS DOS Win/DOS Windows Windows DOS Windows Windows Windows RAM required 384K 512K 640K 2MB 512K 640K 4MB 512K 2MB 640K 1MB 2MB 2MB N N Hard disk required 2MB 7MB N 5MB 4MB 3MB N N 2MB 10MB Schematic Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Capture N N N Y N Y Y Y N Y Y N Y PCB netlist N N N N N Y Y(1) Y N Y Y N N Simulation netlist N N N Y N Y Y(1) Y N Y Y N Y Design rule check N N N N N Y Y Y N Y Y N Y

PCB Layout N Y Y N Y Y N Y N N N N N

Circuit Simulation N N N Y N Y Y N N Y Y N N Analog N N N Y N Y(1) Y N N Y(1) Y(1) N N N N Y Digital N N Y(1) Y N N Y(1) Y(1) N N Drawing Features Ortho disable n/a Y Y N Y Y N Y N Y Y Y N Diagonal wires Y Y Y N Y Y N Y N Y Y Y N www.americanradiohistory.com Auto annotate N N Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y

Supports buses N N Y N N N Y N Y Y N Y

Repeat object placement N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y N Rotate part prior to place Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y M M Y Y Zoom n/a Y Y range/on-the-fly 20:01 Y Y N Y n/a draw to fit 24:1 n/a 10,000:1 Auto pan N Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N

Find/search N N Y N N N N N N Y Y N N Editing Features-Placement

Rotate N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Mirror N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y

Find N N Y N N N N N N Y Y N N Undo N N Y Y(2) N N N Y N Y Y Y Y

Rubberband N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Block

Move Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y

Hide N N N N N N N N N N N Y N

Delete Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Save Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y Part reference

Move Y n/a Y Y N Y N N N N N n/a Y Hide N n/a Y N N N N N N Y Y n/a Y

Delete Y n/a Y Y N N N N N N N n/a Y

Adjustable font size Y n/a N N N N N N N N N n/a N Global reannotate N n/a Y Y N N N N N Y Y n /a N Library Screen directory Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y DeMorgan N N Y N N N N N N Y Y N Y Printer Output Fit to page Y Y(3) N N N N Y n/a n/a N n/a n/a n/a Border off n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Y n/a Y Y n/a n/a

Title box off n/a n/a n/a Y n/a n/a n/a Y n/a Y Y n/a n/a Software control Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y n/a Y Y n/a n/a Plotter Output Fit to page Y Y Y N N N n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Maximum page size (inches) 8 x 20 17 x 17 34 x 34 34 x 34 17 x 17 17 x 17 n/a 34 x 34 n/a n/a 34 x 34 n/a n/a Software control Y Y Y N Y Y n/a Y n/a n/a Y n/a Na 1) Extra cost 2) Limited to move and change only xcept dot- matrix printers gram with access to a library of schematic symbols. Although Zoon the two programs share the UnzooM same drawing editor, they don't Pan share libraries or communicate Angle Fix In Grid between each other. other Scale words, you don't have access to Snap Mode the schematic library when it is Set Origin in the PC board layout mode, Go Origin and you can't import sche- Units matics into the PC board pro- Rel /Abs gram for layout. Each program Rubberband is independent of the other, and Border ß you can run only one at a time. Cursor An opening menu gives you the foreground choice between schematic draw and PC board layout. An advantage of sharing the same drawing editor is that the commands are identical, which means you don't have to adjust to a new set of commands as you switch from one program to the other. 'rlrrt Filing sgsten function. The commands are easily ac- FIG. 7- EASY-PC IS BASICALLY A PC board layout program with a schematic compo- cessed from seven pull -down nent library, and it is the precursor of BoardMaker I. menus, plus there's a keyboard shortcut for every command or rored before and after place- PC board layout packages, command string. ment. The ability to zoom in BoardMaker I schematics are so BoardMaker I's schematic li- and out and pan during place- good looking that you won't be brary comes with a total of 75 ment and editing are two very embarrassed to publish them. parts that include a good spat- powerful features that make Good looking schematics, the tering of analog, logic, and dis- working with this program a ability to lay out large circuit crete components, as well as a real pleasure. Repeat placement boards, and low cost just might handful of lesser used devices is provided, and there's auto- make this the buy of the cen- like a microphone and Schottky matic backup that saves your tury. diode. But as you've probably drawing to file at scheduled in- guessed, a library this small tervals without you having to Product: Easy -PC and diverse doesn't contain all think about it. Output can be Version: 10142 the devices needed for the ex- sent to dot -matrix, LaserJet, Price $195 ample schematic. That's why and PostScript printers, plus Platform: DOS two ICs had to be created from HPGL and DMPL penplotters. If Distributor: BSOFT Software the library editor. Like the sche- you don't mind fiddling with matic and PC -board layout edi- sizing parameters, the drawing When the author first started tors, the library editor is a can be made to fit the page for testing Easy-PC, he thought he stand -alone program that's everything but a dot -matrix had picked up an old copy of listed as one of the opening printer. Gerber and NC -Drill BoardMaker I and loaded it by menu choices. And like all files -used by professional cir- mistake. Everything that Easy- BoardMaker I programs, the li- cuit -board manufacturers -are PC does -from the opening brary editor has the same also supported. menu, to the drawing/editing screen setup and command Unfortunately, BoardMaker I tools, to output support - menus, which makes the wouldn't allow a screen shot to smacks of an early version of BoardMaker I package really be made of its screen, which is BoardMaker I. And for good rea- easy to learn and use. New de- why you see a printout in Fig. 6 son: both are written by the vices can be made from scratch instead. So you don't get to see same person. Essentially, Easy- or by modifying an existing. the pull -down menus that in- PC is the forerunner to component; there is little diference clude the component library. BoardMaker I, and while the between the two. Each For that drawing, two ICs had to two are very much alike, there library can hold up to 250 sym- be created. The boxy European are some significant dif- bols, depending on the symbol's resistor symbols could easily be ferences. For openers, Easy-PC complexity, and there's no limit redrawn to U.S. standards. lists for $195, which is $50 to the number of libraries you BoardMaker I is extremely more than BoardMaker I. can create. easy to use, and it is full of fea- Like BoardMaker I, Easy-PC The components are easily ac- tures you wouldn't expect in a is a DOS -based PC board layout cessed from a pull-down menu. program costing so little. And, program with a library of sche- Parts can be rotated and mir- unlike many schematic draw/ matic symbols in addition to 141

www.americanradiohistory.com cheaper and easier to use. On the other hand, Easy -PC has a larger component library, and its files are upgradable to Easy - PC Pro, a fully- featured sche- jñ-D f- matic capture and PC board . layout program. The one you Er_`, ' choose should depend on your present and future needs. For owirra quickie I 74!ti1H1 projects, BoardMaker 7555 is the best choice. For more am-

L11321 bitious designs go with Easy -PC Kt 's because it has file VAR Gerber and RES NC Drill support. But read on before deciding on either.

Product: CADPAC II Version: 2.28 Price $159 Platform: DOS Publisher: R4 Systems Inc. FIG. 8-ISIS SUPERSKETCH'S EXTENSIVE LIBRARY contains all the symbols needed to create the Electronics Now benchmark schematic. CADPAC II is a combination of component footprints and after thumbing through these two DOS -based circuit design pads. The schematic draw and lists to the point where the applications: ISIS Supersketch PC board layout programs are pages looked like a well -read pa- schematic draw and PC board II separate, and access to the pro- perback novel, the author gave printed circuit board layout, grams is through a main menu. up and tacked the pages to the both from Labcenter Elec- The Easy -PC programs share a wall above the keyboard refer- tronics. Supersketch repre- common editor, and the com- ence chart. Despite a high parts sents the entry-level program in mands are the same for all pro- count, the schematic library the ISIS (Intelligent Schematic grams. Up to this point lacks some very basic compo- Input System) family of design BoardMaker I and Easy -PC are nents, including a variable ca- software which includes ISIS virtually identical. The only dif- pacitor and an op -amp. That's Designer and Ares. While you'll ference is the look of the menus because over 80% of the nearly find Supersketch's learning and the way they're organized. 500 devices are dedicated to curve steeper than most sche- But here's where the two pack- TTL logic. For the example matic draw programs, you'll dis- ages part ways. drawing, symbols had to be cre- cover the advanced features, While Easy PC's menus are ated for two analog ICs plus a like auto wire routing and easy enough to use, it takes variable resistor. Thankfully global device replacement, well time to navigate them because that's easy enough with the li- worth the effort. And although the commands are nested and brary editor also found as an op- the learning curve is steep, the one menu often spawns an- tion in the opening menu. But price certainly isn't. At $159, other. Fortunately, each menu again, you have to quit what CADPAC II is just $10 more than has a keyboard equivalent that you're doing to access it, be- Easy-PC, which doesn't hold a frequently reduces a lot of cause only one Easy -PC pro- candle to it. mousing around to a single key- gram can run at a time. Supersketch comes with sev- stroke (see Fig. 7). However, the Printer and file output is good eral thousand drawing symbols keyboard commands aren't in- to excellent, depending on your stored in seven library modules, `61, tuitive or easily remembered, application, with support for which are divided into such which is why the keyboard refer - dot -matrix, LaserJet, and HPGL groups as CMOS, TTL, and ence chart was posted in a con - printers and plotters. While the memory devices. In addition E spicuous spot. drawing can't be sized to fit the there's an empty user module page, it cb You 'll want to keep a list of the can be scaled in incre- that can be used as a staging co symbol libraries close at hand, ments of 1/4, 1, 2, and 4 times. area to assemble new libraries ó too, because (unlike Board - Also included are utilities that from parts moved or copied ÿ Maker I) Easy-PC's screen lacks generate Gerber files and stan- from other libraries. New de- .(é) a library list. Parts are selected dard NC Drill files, both of vices are created from the main 2 by typing their names from a which are used by service bu- drawing and can be saved to any 2 command line -which forces reaus to etch and drill finished library. Often it's possible to re- `L you to memorize them or refer printed- circuit boards. duce the library part count by to the symbol charts found in Easy-PC is not BoardMaker I, splitting the device into prefixes 142 the loose -leaf user's guide. But and visa versa. BoardMaker I is Continued on page 159

www.americanradiohistory.com OVER /UNDER VOLTAGE continued from page 40

Therefore, monostable multi - vibrator IC2 provides a 1/2-second delay to keep RY1 turned off long enough for the voltage across C5 to return to normal. When pin 7 of IC1 goes high it triggers IC2, and the high output at pin 6 of IC2 causes the output of NOR gate IC3 go low which turns Q1 off and de -energizes RY1. Switch S2 lets you quickly check the circuit's operation at any time. Pushing S2 raises the voltage at the junction of R2 and R5 and turns RY1 off. Reset OUTPUT INPUT FUSE switch Si restores normal oper- RECEPTACLES SOCKET ACCESS ation. Switch Si turns the circuit on initially. An LM7805 FIG. 3-A COMPUTER -TYPE POWER INPUT LINECORD was used with an input socket voltage regulator (IC4) provides mounted on the back of the case. a constant 5 volt supply for the integrated circuits and the relay as the device is intended to be internal current -limiting re- control current. No power on all the time. Note that the sistors that aren't shown in the switch was added to the circuit, neon indicator lamps contain schematic.

PARTS LIST

All resistors are 1/4-watt, 5 %, un- pere, 50 volts (Marlin Jones Cruces, NM 88012 -9736, less otherwise noted. #5225 -BR or equivalent) 505 -382 -8175, Fax R1 -7500 ohms Q1- 2N3904 NPN transistor 505- 382 -8810: F1 PC R2 -3800 ohms, 1 % metal film (see Other components -3- ampere Etched and drilled text) fuse, 115 VAC board -$8.50 postpaid R3-412 ohms, 1% metal film (see S1, S2- pushbutton switch, nor- Kit of PC board and all text) mally open board -mounted parts (includ- R4-100 ohms, trimmer potentiom- RY1 -Solid state, normally open ing power transformer) - eter AC relay (240 volts, 10 amperes, $39.95 postpaid R5 -7385 ohms, 1% metal film (see see text) PC mount power transfor- text) T1 -Power transformer, 120 VAC mers, solid -state relays, and R6, R8- 10,000 ohms, 1% metal primary, 12 VAC secondary (Mar- input and output connectors film lin Jones # 6485 -TR or equiv- are available from: R7 -2692 ohms, 1% metal film (see alent) Marlin P. Jones and Assoc., Inc. text) MOV1 MOV3 -Metal oxide vari- PO Box 12685 R9, R10 -4700 ohms stor, 130 VAC, 10 amperes Lake Park, FL 33403 -0685 R11-39,000 ohms NE1, NE2 -neon indicator lamps 407 -848 -8236 limiting re- R12- 10,000 ohms with built -in current All Electronics Corp. sistors Capacitors PO Box 567 PL1- line cord Cl, C4-0.1 µF, ceramic disk grounded IEC -type Van Nuys, CA 91408 -0567 IEC and C2-22 µF, 10 volts, tantalum elec- with -type input socket 800 -826 -5432 trolytic built -in fuse -holder (optional, see C3-1 p.F, 25 volts, tantalum elec- text) Herbach and Rademan Co. trolytic S01, S02- grounded AC recepta- PO Box 122 C5-1000 µF, 35 volts, electrolytic cle (only one is necessary, others Bristol, PA 19007 -0122 Semiconductors are optional) 800-848 -8001 1C1- ICL7665 over /under voltage Miscellaneous: Project case, cir- detector (Maxim or equivalent) cuit board, hardware, 20 -gauge IC2 -74121 monostable multi - stranded hookup wire, solder. The aluminum case (model vibrator MC -5A) is available from: IC3- 74LS02 quad 2 -input NOR Sescom, Inc. gate Note: The following items are 2100 Ward Drive IC4- LM7805 +5 volt regulator available from TDL Elec- Henderson, NV 89015-4249 BR1 -DIP bridge rectifier, 1 am- tronics, 5260 Cochise Trail, Las 800-634 -3457 143

www.americanradiohistory.com INPUT OUTPUT SOCKET SOCKETS TRANSFORMER CALCULATING RESISTOR VALUES MOVs The Protector circuit is designed so that the voltage at the junction of resistors R2 and R5 is set to be 2 volts when the AC line voltage is 115 volts (see Fig. 1). That voltage is somewhat arbitrary, but it does need to be above the 1.3 -volt switch point of the comparators and well below the unregulated DC voltage from the power supply. Pro- portionally, the voltage at that point will decrease to 1.65 volts when the line voltage drops to 95 volts, and it will increase to 2.26 volts when the line reaches 130 volts. These values (1.65 and 2.26) cor- respond to the switch points that set the width of the window. A value of 10K for R6 and R8 sets the current through R5 -R6 and R7 -R8 (the current into the comparator is negligi- ble). At the 1.3 -volt switch point, a current of 130 microamperes will flow (1.3V /10K). Pin 6 is the high -side comparator so the voltage drop across R5 will be 2.26 1.3 = 0.96 volt. At 130 microamperes, a resistance of 7385 ohms is needed. For the low-side com- SOLID parator at pin 3, the corresponding volt- STATE NE1 S1 NE2 age drop is 1.65 1.3 = 0.35 volt. So RELAY R7 must be 2692 ohms. FIG. 4-THE INSIDE OF THE COMPLETED PROTOTYPE. The MOVs are soldered to the Values for R2, R3, and R4 were calcu- input power connector; the fuse is built into this connector and is not visible in the lated by recognizing that the current flow photo. in this branch should be large compared to the flow in R5 -R6 and R7 -R8. We'll let PC this current be 5 milliamperes, and Construction signed the board to accept a knowing that the voltage at the junction The circuit layout is not crit- series pair of resistors for R2, of R2 and R5 is 2 volts, the R3 -R4 series ical. You can build the circuit on R5, and R7. That should make combination should be 400 ohms. Be- a PC board or it can be wired it easier to find a pair of 1% re- cause the flow in the parallel combina- point -to- point. A foil pattern is sistors that will combine for the tion of R5 -R6 and R7 -R8 must be provided so that you can make correct value. If you have 1% re- considered, the 400 becomes 460 your own board or one can be ohms. A 100 -ohm trimmer in series with sistors of the exact values for 412 ohms will work. With the power purchased alone or as part of a R2, R5, or R7, install a jumper transformer used in the prototype there kit from the source given in the in one of the locations and the is a 19 -volt drop across R2. With a 5- Parts List. All the logic includ- resistor in the other. milliampere current flow, R2 must be ing the power transformer Install the socket for an IEC- 3800 ohms. S2 mounts on the small, single - type detachable power input sided PC board. linecord on the back of the case PC board is mounted to the bot- A parts -placement diagram is (see Fig. 3). Fuse Fl is built into tom of an aluminum enclosure shown in Fig. 2. Install the this socket, and the three MOV with four 3/8 -inch long threaded parts as indicated. Only one surge protectors are soldered di- metal standoffs. jumper wire is required in the rectly to its lugs. You can use a position marked "J." Sockets regular linecord if you like, and Calibration for the ICs are optional. Re- eliminate SO1. Just remember Set the trimmer potentiome- member to observe polarity on to install the fuse separately if ter R4 to mid -range. If you have electrolytic capacitors C2, C3, you eliminate the socket. Also a variable transformer (Variac) and C5. Use No. 20 AWG be sure to use a polarized three - and an AC voltmeter, you can stranded wire for all connec- conductor line cord and re- check the low voltage turn -off tions to and from the PC board member to connect the green point. Adjust the variable trans- and between the input and out- ground wire to the case-if a former to 110 to 115 volts as input receptacles. (All parts with- metal case is used -and to the dicated on the voltmeter. Push in the dashed outline in Fig. 1 ground terminals of the output the reset button and slowly de- are board -mounted, and con- receptacles. Mount the neon crease the input voltage until nections outside the dashed panel lamps that indicate input the relay opens. (A lamp plugged lines are hard wired.) and output power on the front into the Protector's output Because the author did not panel along with the test and makes this easy to observe.) Ad- keep a complete stock of 1% reset buttons. just R4 so that the relay turns metal -film resistors (and you Figure 4 shows the inside of off (opens) with an input of 144 probably don't either), he de- the completed prototype. The about 95 volts. it

www.americanradiohistory.com BRIDGE CIRCUITS Figure 4 is a schematic for a ampere or 100- microampere x 10 DC differential amplifier range for high- sensitivity. In the continuedfrom page 42 for use with an external analog 100 -microampere range, the volt- ohmmeter to form such a circuit must first be balanced by 0.3% on the 100 -ohm and 1- detector. This circuit must have short -circuiting its input termi- megohm ranges where the R1/ its own own independent 9 -volt nals together and trimming the R2 ratios are 1 /100 and 100 /0, power supply. The LF351 is a multiturn 10- kilohm SET-BAL- respectively. lb be a practical in- low -cost BIFET operational am- ANCE control for a zero reading strument, the Fig. 3 circuit plifier available from Motorola, on the meter. must include a sensitive null - Texas Instruments, National balance detector. Semiconductor, and others. Wheatstone variations The Wheatstone bridge circuit of Fig. 2 can be configured in three other ways without in- SSS R7 R4 validating the basic balance R1 f 1.2K 1VA 1 MEG equations. as shown in Figure 7 R5 o R1 b 10K 5. In each form /R2 are INPUT LM351 V1 Si, known as the bridge's ratio 5 4 w b arms. Notice that the bridge's R6' + signal- source and detector ter- R2 1 100K 10K EXTERNAL minals can be transposed with- (SET METER B1 BALANCE) 9V out upsetting the ciruit's balance equations. This also holds I true for the various versions of R8 capacitance and inductance ?"1.2K bridges.The most useful Wheat- stone bridge variation is that 5 FIG. 4-A DC NULL POINT AMPLIFIER for use with an external digital multimeter or shown in Fig. -a. analog volt- ohmmeter Figure 6 shows a modern six-

FIG. 6 -HIGH- SENSITIVITY, SIX RANGE Wheatstone DC resistance -measuring bridge. The LF351 has a JFET input range version of this circuit, for low input offset voltage and and Table 2 lists its benefits over BIFET technology provides wide the circuit in Fig. 3. Its null sen- bandwidth and fast slew rates sitivity (which is proportional to with low bias currents as well as the R3/R2 ratio at balance) is low input offset currents and very high on all ranges, and var- supply currents. It is the func- ies from 0.003% at R3's full tional equivalent of the LF353, scale balance value, to 0.03% at and the LF347 is a dual version. one -tenth of full scale. An external volt- ohmmeter By confining all measure- of FIG. 5 -THREE ALTERNATIVE VER- can be set to its 2.5 -volt DC ments to the top nine -tenths SIONS of Wheatstone bridges follow the range for low- sensitivity mea- the R3 range, one can measure same rules as the circuit in Fig 2. surements, or to its 50- micro- all resistance values in the 1- 145

www.americanradiohistory.com TABLE 2 ohm to 1- megohm range with RESPONSE OF 6 -RANGE HIGH -SENSITIVITY BRIDGE excellent null sensitivity. A Wheatstone bridge can be Switch S1 Bridge Resistor R1 R1 /R2 Bridge Null energized from either an AC or Range Range Value Ratio Sensitivity DC source without altering the (Ohms) (Ohms) (Nominal) fundamentals of its operation. 1 0-10 10 1/1000 Proportional Figure 7 is the circuit for an AC- 2 0-100 100 1/100 to value of R3 energized Wheatstone bridge 3 0-1k 1k 1/10 to 0.003% at whose balance condition is 4 0-10k 10k 1/1 full scale on maintained with an infinitely - 5 0-100k 100k 10/1 all ranges variable pair of "ratio" arms 6 0-1 MEG 1MEG 100/1 consisting of potentiometer R1 which provides the resistive values of R1 and R2. The sum of the resistive values of Rl and R2 equals the re-

L. OR Cy sistive value of potentiometer. The of AC (SET R1 balance sensitivity this INPUT RATIO) 1 KHz 10K circuit is high enough to permit INPUT (SET RATIO) detection with headphones. Lx OR CX Figure 8 shows a five -range version of the Wheatstone bridge circuit of Fig. 7. It covers 'LINEAR POTENTIOMETER a resistive range of near -zero to FIG. 7 -AC POWERED Wheatstone FIG. 9-WHEATSTONE BRIDGE for de- near -infinite ohms with its bridge with variable ratio-arm balancing termining both capacitive and inductive highest precision between 10 and headphone -detection. reactances. ohms and 10 megohms. Rotary panel potentiometer R1's ratio equals one when its wiper is at midrange. The diagram shows R3 R4 R5 R6 expected typical scale gradua- 1K 10K 100K 1 MEG tions for a calibrating this control potentiometer. These must 1 kHz be manually marked as de- INPUT scribed later in this article. S1 lb measure with the Fig. 8 cir- R1 10K cuit, connect the bridge to a 1- (SET kHz sinewave generator, insert RATIO) the unknown resistor Rx, and adjust rotary switch Si and rotary panel potentiometer R1 until a null can be detected by

(a) listening with the headphones. When that occurs, the value of Rx. 1.0 resistor equals the value of 0.7 1.5 the resistor connected to Si multiplied by the scale value on 0.5 2.0 potentiometer Rl. A balance can be obtained on any range, 0.4 but for the highest precision, 3.0 the balance should occur with 0.3 an R1 scale reading between POTENTIOMETER 4.0 about 0.27 and 3.0. RATIO SCALE GRADUATIONS lb calibrate the scale of panel 0.2 5.0 (SEE TEXT) potentiometer Rl, insert a 10- kilohm, 1% resistor in the Rx position. Then index rotary 0.1 10 switch Si progressively through its 100 -ohm, 1- kilohm, 10 -kil- 0.01 100 ohm, 100 -kilohm, and 1- megohm positions. Mark the (b) scale at each sequential balance point as 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 (mid - FIG. 8 -FIVE-RANGE resistance bridge, with rotary panel potentiometer scale scale), 10, and 100. 146 markings (a) and typical ratio scale markings (b). Repeat this procedure with

www.americanradiohistory.com INTERNAL mind that additional errors can STANDARDS creep in when you are measuring very low or very high resis- 2200W tance values. The most likely r GANGED cause will be the resistance values of Lo.` oR2 o--- b switch contacts and leads S1-aq when measuring low resistive Cl/o \l °N. EXTERNAL values, and leakages when mea- 111C2 STANDARD suring high values. 0 The overall quality of a bridge INT EXT depends on its balance -sensitivity, resolution, and preci- RI S2 sion. Thus, the circuit in Fig. 6

1 KHz 10K offers excellent sensitivity and INPUT (RATIO) very good resolution and preci- HEADPHONES sion. Consequently, it can function as the basic circuit of either DETECTOR O an inexpensive, simple bench OUTPUT test instrument or as a compo- INFINITE Ice nent in a precision laboratory Cl Rt o instrument, depending on how S1-b it is built. LO , O 0R2 By contrast, the bridge in Fig. L J 8 has intrinsically poor resolution and precision. This means 2200 that it is suitable only for fast, FIG. 10-LCR BRIDGE with headphone null detector. imprecise measuments such as might be satisfactory for servicing Rx values that are multiples or TABLE 3 equipment. submultiples of 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, STANDARDS VS. BRIDGE VALUE etc. , until the scale is completely Capacitance and inductance calibrated, as shown in Fig. 8 -b. Standards Bridge An AC- energized Wheatstone Value Range bridge can measure reactance, resistance, (C) Resolution and precision 10052 1052-1 k capacitance and inductance (L). The in There are four important R3 100 k 1 k-100 k circuit Fig. 9 is a quality characteristics of a mea- 1 MEG 100 k-10 MEG modification of the surement bridge: (1). measure- circuit in Fig.7 to measure C or ment range, (2) balance -sen- 100 pF 10 pF-0.001 pF L values by replacing R4 and Rx sitivity, (3) resolution, and (4) C3 0.01 pF 0.001 pF-0.1pF with comparable reactances. precision. The term resolution 1 pF 0.1 pF-10 pF This will work if Cx or Lx are refers to the accuracy with 1 mH 100 uH-10 mH reasonably pure and have 1 -kHz which the Rx value can be read L3 100 mH 10 mH-1 H impedances greater than about 10 H 1 H from the bridge's controls. For H-100 1 ohm and less than 10 example, in Figs. 3 and 6, R3 megohms. gives a resolution of about 1% of sum of the R1 and R2 toler- The difficulty in trying to full -scale if it is a manually -cali- ances. However, there are other measure inductance with this brated, linear, potentiometer, or techniques that permit re- circuit is that accurate induc- about 0.005% of full -scale if it sistors to be matched so that tors (for use in the Z4 position) includes a four -decade resistor ratio errors are reduced to only are hard to find, and inductive box. about ±0.005 %. impedances are only 6.28 ohms The resolution of the bridge For example, if the high -reso- per millihenry at 1 kHz. in Fig. 8 varies from ± 1% at a lution Wheatstone bridge in The only difficulty in measur- "1" ratio to ±2% at a 0.3 or 3.0 Fig. 6 is made with R1 and R2 as ing capacitance is that the Cx ratio, to ± 5% at a 0.1 or 1.0 1% resistors and R3 is a man- value is proportional to the re- ratio. ually- calibrated control potenti- ciprocal of potentiometer R1 re- The term precision refers to ometer, the circuit will have a sistance scale markings. If the the basic accuracy of the bridge, basic precision of only 3%. How- basic bridge is to measure both assuming that it has perfect ever, if the values of R1 and R2 R and C, two calibrated sets of balance- sensitivity and resolu- are correctly matched, the pre- potentiometer R1 scales are tion, and equals the sum of the cision of the bridge increases to needed. This drawback can be R1 /R2 ratio tolerance and the ± 1.005 %. overcome by fitting R1 with a tolerance of the resistance stan- The circuit's precision can be reversing switch. An example of dard R3. If the R1/R2 ratio is set increased to ± 0.105% with a this is shown as the multi - strictly by precision resistors, ± 0.1% multidecade resistor range LCR bridge of Fig. 1O. the ratio's precision equals the box in the R3 position. Bear in Thus, only a single scale as 147

www.americanradiohistory.com +V When that occurs, the Cx val- +V ue equals 100 nanofarads. This t i 100 -nanofarad standard can T1 then be connected to the bridge and used to create a 1 micro - 1 KHz AMPLIFIER OSCILLATOR DETECTOR farad standard. Figure 11 shows two alternative block diagrams. Figure 1 11 -a, the first option, is to power (a) both circuits from the same supply but to isolate the oscillator by transformer-coupling its output to the bridge, as in Fig. 11 -a. The second option, Fig. 11 -b, is to power the os- 1 KHz cillator from its own "floating" OSCILLATOR supply. This second option is more efficient. i Figure 12 is the schematic for a battery- powered bridge power source. It can provide either a 9- volt DC output or an excellent 1- FIG. 11- ALTERNATIVES CIRCUITS for powering and detecting nulls in Wheatstone kHz sinewave output with a bridge circuits. peak -to -peak amplitude of 5

AC O

D1 D2 OFF 1 1N4148 1N4148 R5 + O C1 1.5K DC C4 0.01 R3 47µF 10K (SET OUTPUT) AC R1 O 9V 15K R6 3.9K

R2 I C2 R7 15K OUTPUT 0.01 1K AC O OFF 011 O P C3 R4 S1-c 47µF 1.5K DC

FIG. 12 -POWER SOURCE for bridge circuits capable of 9 -volt DC and 5 -volt, 1 -kHz outputs. volts. The oscillator is a diode - stabilized Wien bridge oscillator shown in Fig. 8 is required. brated, it can be help to create that works from a split power The general purpose LCR its own alternative measure- supply derived from the battery bridge with headphone detector ment standards. For example, if through resistors Rl and R2. shown in Fig. 10 is a versatile an accurate 10- nanofarad ca- The circuit has a low- imped- instrument. Switch S2 permits pacitance standard is inserted ance output, and consumes a it to be used with either internal across the EXTERNMAL STANDARD less than 4 milliamperes of or external L, C, or R standards. terminals, a 100 -nanofarad quiescent current. 'lb set up the The midscale value of each standard can be created by mov- oscillator, connect its output to range is equal to the value of the ing potentiometer R1 to the "10" a suitable oscilloscope and trim standard assigned for that position and then connecting potentiometer Rl to give a rea- range, as listed in Table 3. capacitors in parallel across the sonably pure sinewave output 148 When this instrument is cali- "X" terminal for a null balance. of about 5 volts, peak -to -peak. a

www.americanradiohistory.com MEMORY MODULES TABLE 1 -DRAM PART NUMBERS AND CONFIGURATIONS continued from page 36 256K x 1 256K x 4 1Megx1 1Megx4 (16 -pin DIP) (20 -pin DIP) (18 -pin DIP) (20 -pin DIP) 1256 GM4C256 GM71C1000 GM71 C4400 on a DRAM'S capacitors will leak 41256 H M44256 HM511000 H M 514400 off, so it must be refreshed reg- 1C256 M5M44256 M5M41000 M5M44400 ularly. Refreshing data in a 2801 M C M 514256 MCM511000 MCM514400 DRAM can be accomplished in 3C256 TC514256 TC511000 TC514400 several ways: each method calls 6207 MT4C4256 MT4C1024 MT4C4001 for different combinations of 62L07 KM44C256 KM41 C 1000 K M44C1000 RAs. CAS, and the address lines. MT1259 P21014 P21010 uPD424400 Most modern computers have a M5M4256 H M4514258 TM54C 1024 MSM514400 special DRAM controller, in the TMS4256 uPD424256 AAA1M300 HYB514400 form of an application specific IC (ASIC), that must manage many sources, such as obsolete history of the system that you both the memroy refresh func- or inoperative computers, old are planning to cannibalize so tion and data storage and re- memory boards, and EGA and that you do not inadvertently trieval chores. VGA video adapters. If you try to transport problems from one salvage memory from an in- system to another. Memory is DIP memory sources operative computer, exercise just as likely as any other com- Memory can be salvaged from caution. It helps to know the ponent to have failed.

ycc DATA PARITY o O 17 O PD AO AO DOO AO AO Do PC) 28 7 6 PCHS Al Al DQ1 Al Al D1 1 PD 27 8 7 O RAS A2 A2 002 A2 A2 26 9 8 O PQ A3 A3 D03 A3 A3 25 11 10 O DQ7 A4 A4 A4 A4 12 11 Vcc O A5 A5 A5 A5 13 12 O D06 A6 IC3' A6 IC1 A6 A6 9 22 14 13 O A7 A7 A7 A7 21 15 14 WE A8 AS AS AS C3 5 15 1 D05 A9 A9 A9 A9 17 16 18 O CAS CAS PCAS CAS 18 4 3 O A9 RAS RAS RAS RAS 17 3 2 O A8 WE WE OE WE WE PCB EDGE 16 CONNECTOR O D04 1 MEG x 4 1 MEG x 1 TO SIMM 15 A7 OR 256K x 4 SOCKET 14 O AS

13 1 003 AO AO D00 DQ4 AO AO DO 14 PQ 12 7 2 7 O A5 Al Al DQ1 DO5 Al Al D1 2 PD 11 8 18 6 O A4 A2 A2 D02 006 A2 A2 10 9 19 12 DQ2 A3 A3 DQ3 D07 A3 A3 11 11 A4 A4 A4 A4 12 10 A3 AS AS AS A5 7 13 IC2 13 IC4' O A2 AS A6 A6 A6 14 9 O 001 A7 A7 A7 A7 15 O Al AS AS AS A8 5 15 AO A9 A9 PCAS CAS 17 20 4 O DOE CAS CAS RAS FIAS CAS RAS RAS WE WE 3 16 WE WE OE 256K x 1

1 MEG x 4 'USE IC3 FOR 1 MEG CONFIGURATION OR 256K x 4 'USE IC4 FOR 256K CONFIGURATION

FIG. 2 -THIS CONFIGURATION provides either 256 kilobytes or 1 megabyte of memory, populated in both cases with three DRAMs. 149

www.americanradiohistory.com Vcc 256KB, 3 -IC PARTS LIST IC1, IC2 -256KB x 4 DRAM C1-C9 - 9x.1 IC3 -256KB x 1 DRAM IC4-not used C1 C3-0.1 µF, 50 -volt, 0.3 -inch center

VCC 1MB, 3 -IC PARTS LIST IC3 1C1, 1C2-1MB x 4 DRAM 1C3-not used 29 ICI AO DO AO IC4-1MB x 1 DRAM 28 6 Al Al D1 C1 C3-0.1 µF, 50 -volt, 0.3 -inch center 27 7 A2 A2 DATA 26 8 256KB, 9 -IC PARTS LIST A3 A3 25 10 A4 A4 IC1-1C9-256KB x 1 DRAM 11 O AS A5 C1 C9-0.1 µF, 50 -volt, 0.3 -inch center 23 12 A6 A6 , 1MB, 9 -IC PARTS LIST 13 9 VcC A7 A7 14 IC1-1C9-1MB x 1 DRAM A8 A8 20 15 C1 C9-0.1 µF, 50 -volt, 0.3 -inch center A9 A9 16 O CAS CAS ORDERING INFORMATION 3 RAS RAS The following items are available from 18 WE AutoTime Corporation, 6605 SW PCB EDGE WE 1. CONNECTOR MacAdam Avenue, Portland OR TO SIMM 1 MEG x 1 97201. Voice: (503) 452 -8577, Fax: SOCKET (503) 452 -8495, Faxback: (503) IC9 17 452 -0208, Internet: in- AO AO DO PO [email protected]. 256K/1 M dual -pur- A Al DI PD 7 pose 3 -IC DIP -to -SIMM conversion kit A2 A2 (DUAL3CDIP -EN, $6.00), 256K 9 -IC 10 8 A3 A3 DIP -to -SIMM conversion kit 10 A4 A4 (256K9CDIP -EN, $6.00), 1MEG 9 -IC 11 AS AS DIP -to -SIMM conversion kit 12 A6 A6 PARITY (1MEG9CDIP-EN, $8.50). All kits in- 13 9 V cc A7 A7 clude a PC board with through -hole 14 AS A8 plating, solder mask, silk screen, and 15 decoupling capacitors. Memory not A9 A9 16 included. Add $3.95 shipping and PCAS CAS 3 handling on all orders. AutoTime's RAS RAS 2 18 trained memory technicians will help O- WE WE with memory identification, assembly problems, and memory 1 MEG x 1 explain other conversion products. FIG. 3- SCHEMATIC of the 1- megabyte, nine -IC configuration.

Fortunately, the memory is socketed in many older comput- .. f er systems. If it is not, you must t ti unsolder it. With a good desoldering system and some dili- ti ' gence, DIP memory can be extracted without damaging it. When desoldering, apply the . , least amount of heat for the shortest amount of time. Exces- ÿ sive heat will damage or destroy y the semiconductor device. If you must desolder, exercise caution. Safety is paramount. Wear safety glasses and a shirt with long- sleeves to protect against molten solder that can splash during device removal. After removing the ICs, clean all excess solder from the pins of the DIP with a soldering iron. Then straighten the pins with needle -nose pliers. Store the removed ICs in anti -ESD foam, 150 COMPONENT SIDE of the 1 -meg board. SOLDER SIDE of the 1 -meg board. and handle the devices follow-

www.americanradiohistory.com ing proper ESD protection techniques. Many memory components can be used with this project. Table 1 identifies many of the most common devices. If you're unsure about the identification or classification of a device, refer to a data book or contact the kit vendor listed in the Parts List. Memory access time is an important consideration. As corn- puter system clock speeds increase, DRAM access times must follow. Most of the newer systems require memory with access times of 70 to 80 nanoseconds; some even require 60- nanosecond devices. If your computer's manual specifies the speed of the memory, you can safely use faster memory. But be wary of mixing different COMPONENT SIDE of the 256 -kilobyte board. SOLDER SIDE of the 256 -kilobyte board. DRAMs with different speed rat- ings. The system might also have configuration jumpers IC8 that indicate memory access speed. Again, check your Cl - C9 9x.1 tiJ owner's manual. Building the SIMM IC3 The use of a PC board is man- Ic2 datory for this project. Foil pat-

29 Ic1 terns are given here, but you AO AO DO 28 7 can also purchase finished Al Al D1 6 boards. To minimize potential 27 A2 A2 DATA 26 12 A3 A3 clearance problems, remember 25 11 A4 A4 that the layout of the compo- 10 O A A5 nents on each of the three 23 13 A6 A6 8 boards is close. Use extra care 9 cc A7 A7 during assembly, particularly if 14 A8 you make your own PC boards 20 that do not have the solder 5 O CAS CAS mask that is applied to the com- 4 RAS RAS mercial boards. Figure 5 in- 16 WE WE PCB EDGE cludes three parts -placement CONNECTOR 1 diagrams, one for each of the TO SIMM 256K x SOCKET three different board layouts.

IC9 14 Begin by tack -soldering the AO AO DO ` PO 7 2 pins at the opposite corners of Al Al D1 `J PD 6 each IC. Before you complete A2 A2 10 12 the soldering, be sure that the A3 A3 11 A4 A4 component is seated flush 10 A5 AS against the board. Otherwise, 13 might inter- A6 A6 8 PARITY adjacent boards 9 vcc A7 A7 fere. With tightly spaced moth-

A8 A8 erboards, it might be necessary to trim the pins of the memory PCAS CAS ICs after soldering them. If lead 4 RAS RAS trimming is necessary, avoid 16 WE WE cutting into the solder connec-

256K x I tions. That could fracture the solder and make the joint unre- FIG. 4- SCHEMATIC of the 256 -kilobyte, nine -IC configuration. liable. After the board is fully as- 151

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FIG. 5 -PARTS LAYOUTS for the three -IC 256 -kilobyte/1- megabyte board (a), the 1- megabyte board (b), and the 256K board (c). Mail to: Electronic Technology Today, Inc. sembled, inspect your work so that the hardware is aware of P.O. Box 240 carefully for solder bridges and the new memory. Most newer Massapequa Park, NY 11762 -0240 cold solder joints. Also, check PCs automatically detect new Shipping Charges in USA & Canada with an ohmmeter to be sure memory on power-up and then $0.01 to $5.00 $2.00 S30.01 to $40.00 $6.00 instruct you to run the setup $5.01 to $10.00 $3.00 $40.01 to $50.00 $7.00 Installation $10.01 to $20.00 $4.00 $50.01 and above $8.50 and test program to "officially" configure $20.01 to $30.00 $5.00 If you plan to install your the CMOS memory setup. Sorry, no orders accepted outside of USA and SIMMs in an IBM or compatible Some computers offer the op- Canada. All payments must be in U.S. funds only. PC, install the 30 -pin SIMMs in tion of complete or partial mem- Number of books ordered. multiples of two or four. Both ory checks. After adding any Total price of books $ 386SX and 486SX computers new memory board, follow the Shipping (see chart) $ require pairs of boards for mem- complete checking scheme for Subtotal $ Sales Tax (NYS only) $ ory expansion because their several weeks. Total enclosed $ system data buses are 16 bits Once your system is up and Name wide. All 386DX and 486DX sys- running, bring up your Address tems require four boards for spreadsheet program and cal- City State ZIP their 32 -bit data paths. Some culate your savings. Then, you LPlease allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. motherboards might require can pat yourself on the back for 152 CMOS configuration changes recycling old memory. 1i

www.americanradiohistory.com CO DETECTOR continued from page 38 changes into account. The mi- -R7- R5 R6 crocontroller also runs a low - -R9- battery routine that will indi- D1 Ci cate when the battery must be R8 replaced. Another reason for the micro - MODI controller in this CO detector is K that the optical reflector needs A approximately 20 milliamperes of current to operate, which - C4 Bi -J - would preclude battery power. 9V iC4 To solve this problem, the cir- +1' I ' cuit includes an LT1121CZ -5 C3 five -volt regulator (IC3) that features a shutdown pin. The microcontroller turns the voltage

PARTS LIST

AI I resistors are'/4 -watt, 5 %. R1, R10, R11- 510,000 ohms R2-150 ohms FIG. 4- PARTS- PLACEMENT DIAGRAM. The optical sensor (MOD1) and the 9 -volt R3-680 ohms R4 -2200 ohms battery are mounted off -board. R5, R12- 20,000 ohms R6 -1000 ohms R7-R9-10,000 ohms Capacitors C--0.1µF, polyester film C2-100 pF, polyester film CS- 0.33µF, polyester film C4- 0.33µF, polyester film Semiconductors IC1 -LM358 op -amp IC3- LT1121CN8 -5 5 -volt regulator with shutdown feature IC2- PIC16C71 microcontroller IC4- LT1121CZ -5 5 -volt regulator MOD1 -0mron EE -SY148 optical sensor Q 2N3906 PNP transistor Q2- MPSA14 NPN transistor D- -1N914 diode BZ1- 6- to 12 -volt piezoelectric buzzer M scellaneous: 21/2- x 1- x 11/2-inch enclosure (Serpac No. 211), four 3/4- inch long No. 4 -40 aluminum stand- CO DETECTOR FOIL PATTERN. offs, 5 -inch long 1/4-inch brass channel, 3 -inch long 1/4-inch square regulator on only long enough Construction aluminum, four rubber feet, PC board, for the reflectivity of the CO re- A Dremel power tool will be solder. agent to be measured. That handy for drilling and grinding Note: The following items are avail- greatly extends the battery life when building the CO detector. able from Cintron, Inc., P.O. Box 15, The instructions provided here Roseville, MI 48066 -0015: allowing it to last approximately Preprogrammed PIC 16C71 mi- four months. assume that you will use the en- crocontroller-$24.95 Another voltage regulator closure specified in the Parts Software on 5.25 or 3.5 inch (IC4) supplies a constant 5 volts List. If you use a different en- disk -$12.95 (Vvv) to the microcontroller. An closure, the construction de- PC board-$12.95 LM258 op -amp connected as a tails will vary. Just follow the A kit consisting of preprogram- mi- same critical specifications for med PIC 16C71, software, PC voltage follower buffers the board, optical reflector, and en- crocontroller's A/D channels. An the mounting height and posi- closure- $49.95 MPSA14 Darlington transistor tion of the optical detector and Check or money order accepted. (Q1) turns buzzer BZ1 on and the dimensions of the card Please add $3.00 to each order for off. Resistor R5, diode D1. and guide. shipping and handling. (Software capacitor Cl form a power -up The first step is to assemble and programmed microcontroller - board and provides for single use license.) reset circuit for the micro the printed circuit controller. solder the components as 153

www.americanradiohistory.com PLASTIC CASE

r BATTERY COMPARTMENT

BATTERY COMPARTMENT O PC BOARD

CARD O O STOP GRIND SMOOTH

1.2" IC3 C 4 -40 PCB CUTOUT STANDOFF

4 -40 TAPPED HOLES 2.4" O

(BOTTOM SECTION - INSIDE TOP VIEW

FIG. 7- PLASTIC STANDOFFS molded to the bottom half of the case must be removed.

TOP SECTION he-7/8 "- j- 5/8"-0-1

BUZZER 1/8" BRASS 9/16' CUTOUT U- CHANNEL f 2 1/2" CO 2 -56 1/8- " DETECTOR CUTOUT REAGENT 5/32' TAPPED HOLE ALUMINUM 5/16" BAR OPTICAL CO DETECTOR DETECTOR \_% BOTTOM SECTION LJ CARD FRONT VIEW FIG. 5-AN ALUMINUM BAR holds the optical sensor in place. Brass U- channels are glued into slots cut in four metal standoff. The U- channels form a card guide. FIG. 8 -CUT OR FILE a 1/2-inch wide inch slot, 21/2 inches long, 5/6 of an inch from the bottom of the case. shown in Fig. 4. Next place the PC 1/4-inch square by 1.1 -inch long BOARD aluminum bar over the locator OPTICAL DETECTOR 4-40 STANDOFF holes on the PC board, as shown ALUMINUM BAR CO REAGENT in Fig. 5. Mark the locations for (4 REQUIRED) the two holes on the aluminum bar and drill and tap them for No. 4 -40 screws; screws will pass through these holes to hold the aluminum bar on the PC :-aagumnsimilp board. Next, rotate the alu- I`_" minum bar 90° and measure and mark a point that is cen- 3/4- tered about the length and wid- 1/8" th of the bar. Drill and tap the marked point for a No. 2 -56 5/16' screw that will hold the optical 1/4" STANDOFF sensor in place and allow for height adjustment above the re- FIG. 6 -THE END OF THE OPTICAL agent surface. SENSOR should be facing down Mount the optical sensor on through cutout in the PC board. Remove the aluminum bar and optical sensor FIG. 9-A Ye -INCH WIDE SLOT, 7h2 -inch the aluminum bar so that the from is the board and put it aside. The sen- deep, must be cut into each of the four sensor end facing down sor must be 0.08 inch above the reagent 3/4-inch long aluminum standoffs, 3is of 154 through cutout in the PC board surface. an inch from the bottom end.

www.americanradiohistory.com squeeze the middle of the brass channels slightly with pliers to make a snug fit. Now remove the four screws from the bottom of the case and lift out the PC board with the card guide attached. Mount the aluminum bar and optical sensor assembly. Insert the CO card so that a feeler gauge can be inserted between the card and the optical detector. Set the gap between the sensor and the card to 0.080 inch, as shown in Fig. 6. The detector will not operate is FIG. 10-PROTOTYPE CARD GUIDE/PC BOARD ASSEMBLY. This was assembled on properly if the gap incorrect. perforated construction board so the component layout does not match the PC- board. After the gap is set, remove The card guide would be the same design for either construction method. the sensor card. Figure 10 shows the completed prototype card guide/PC board assembly. The prototype was assembled on perforated construction , board, so the component layout I_ does not match the PC -board p version, but the card guide would be the same for either. 000000 l' ("N e-N e-s r. Solder wires from the optical sensor to the PC board, as 000000 shown in Fig. 4. (The sensor 000000 pins are labeled C, E, K, and A- be sure to connect the sensor 00000000 o pins to the board correctly.) Cut 000000 or drill slots or holes in the bottom half of the case to permit air 000000 to reach the sensor, as shown in 000000 Fig. 11, and place four 1/4-inch 111 high rubber feet in the locations 000000 shown. Now put the PC board/ 000000 %.-/ v v v V card guide assembly back into 1 L the case. BOTTOM VIEW BOTTOM VIEW RUBBER FEET Software FIG. 11-CUT OR DRILL SLOTS OR HOLES in the bottom half of the case so air will You need a programmed PIC reach the sensor. Also place four 1/4 -inch high rubber feet in the locations shown. microcontroller to run the CO detector. The object code and ex- (see Fig. 6). Remove the alumi- 5/16 of an inch from the bottom ecutable file is posted on the num bar and optical sensor end (see Fig. 9). Mount the four Gernsback BBS (516- 293 -2283, from the board and put it aside. standoffs with the slots facing v.32, v. 42bis) as a file called CO- Grind down the plastic stand- toward the center of the case DECT. ZIP for those who have offs inside the bottom half of the with four 4 -40 screws through the necessary equipment to pro- case as shown in Fig. 7. Place the bottom of the case. Cut the gram their own PIC. However, the PC board inside the box, '/s -inch brass U- channel into preprogrammed PICs are avail- mark the four mounting loca- two pieces, each 1.7 inches able from the source given in tions on the bottom of the box, long. Epoxy one of U- channels the Parts List. A simplified flow and drill a No. 4 -40 hole at each into the standoff slots on one chart is shown in Fig. 12. location. Measure 5/16 of an inch side (Fig. 5), and do the same for from the bottom of box and cut the other U- channel on the Calibration and use or file a '/s- inch -wide inch slot other side (the grooves in the Before using the CO detector, 21/2 inches long (see Fig. 8). The channels should face each it is important to keep in mind slot is where the CO detector other). After the card guide is that it will only indicate the card will be inserted. finished, mount the PC board to presence of carbon monoxide Make the card guide by cut- top of the standoffs with four 4/40 gas at the detector. The detector ting a'/s- inch -wide slot 7/32 -inch screws. Make sure the CO detec- should always be located where deep into each of the four 3/4- tor card can be inserted in and CO will most likely show up inch- long aluminum standoffs, removed from the card guide; first. 155

www.americanradiohistory.com Additionally, the detector operates by "waking up" every two minutes and then checking the CO card for any change in reflectivity. So, any change in CO concentration will have a two - (POWER UP) minute lag. The CO detector must be fitted with a new CO detector card. BEEP TWICE READ OPTICAL The cards are sold at most hard- (POWER UP OK) SENSOR ware stores. Write the date on f the card when it is installed be- COMPARE NEW REFLECTION cause the card must be replaced VALUE WITH OLD every three months. After dat- ing the detector card, insert it into the slot with the yellow reagent side facing up until it hits the card stop. READ OPTICAL Connect a fresh nine -volt bat- SENSOR tery to the detector. The beeper will sound twice when the bat- STORE NEW VALUE tery is connected to indicate IN MEMORY that the detector is working properly. If you remove the CO will after READ BATTERY card, the buzzer sound V YES VOLTAGE a maximum two -minute lag. FAST DURATION The sound will continue for 30 BEEPING FOR STORE REFLECTION seconds and then repeat every 30 SECONDS VALUE IN MEMORY two minutes or until a CO card is reinserted.

GO TO SLEEP

`tatdroniri W \` ;:ra o NO

e 1 ia. ,no FAST DURATION BEEPING FOR 30 SECONDS

FIG. rn are r,,,, a 12- SIMPLIFIED FLOW CHART for the PIC microcontroller software. Slide the CO detector card exposed to any of those gases, Your Ticket To back into the slot; the buzzer replace it. Four, the detector is should stop sounding after a in a high ambient light con- maximum of two cycles (each dition and the calibration rou- cycle is two minutes). The CO tine has caused an error. If this Over 28,000 technicians have gained admit- detector is now calibrated and occurs, repeat the power up tance worldwide as certified professionals. ready to detect CO. routine. Let your ticket start opening doors for you. If, after initial power up, the If the detector's buzzer ISCET offers Journeyman certification in buzzer should sound a short - sounds once every two Consumer Electronics, Industrial, Medical, minutes, Communications, Radar, Computer and duration beeping, there are four it is an indication of a low bat- Video. For more information, contact the possible reasons for the alarm: tery (less than seven volts). To International Society of Certified Electro- One is that the carbon monox- test the nics Technicians, 2708 West Berry Street. carbon monoxide detec- Fort Worth, TX 76109; (817) 921 -9101. ide concentration is too high. tor, just remove the CO card and Name This is a critical situation, and the buzzer should sound within Address you should immediately look for two minutes. the CO source. 'IWO, the detec- Warning: This detector has City tor card is not inserted in the been used by the author for State Zip card slot properly. Three, the about a year and has worked Send material about ISCET and becoming certified. card has discolored. Discolora- well. It is important to note how- tion can be caused by exposure ever, that the circuit has not Send one "Study Guide for the Associate Level CET Test." En- to ammonia from cat litter been tested by any scientific lab- closed is $10 (inc. postage). boxes, ammonia, bleach, or oratory for operation under all 156 sewer gas. If the detector card is possible conditions. ci

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www.americanradiohistory.com SCHEMATIC SOFTWARE WHERE TO BUY

continued from page 142 BSoft Software, Inc. Interactive Image Technologies Ltd. 444 Coltran Rd. 111 Peter St. #801 and suffixes, as is the case with Columbus, OH 43207 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5V 2H1 many TTL ICs. For example, (614) 491 -0832 (800) 263-5552 74LS161 and 74ALS161 are Ohio Automation Advanced Microcomputer Systems, graphically the same. So rather 7840 Angel Ridge Rd. Inc. listing every permutation Athens, OH 45701 1460 SW 3rd St. than FL (614) 592 -1810 Pompano Beach, 33069 of the device, it saves time and (800) 972-3733 space to create a list of prefixes Inc. which can be attached to any R4 Systems Mental Automation Inc. 1100 Gorman St., Suite 11B -332 5415 136th Place S.E. library. 7V1 devices in a particular Newmarket, Ontario, Canada L3Y Bellevue, WA 98006 Devices are placed on the (905) 898-0665 (206) 641 -2141 drawing from an on- screen win- both a bill of MicroCode Engineering IMSI dow that serves as 1943 North 205 West 1938 Fourth St. materials list and library menu Orem, UT 84057 San Rafael, CA 94901 for parts used in the current (801) 226 -4470 (415) 454 -7101 drawing. Device names are cop- from the BSoft Software, Inc. The Great SoftWestem Co., Inc. ied to this window 444 Coltran Rd. 919 South Carroll Blvd., Suite 103 various libraries, and then Columbus, OH 43207 Denton, TX 76201 -6869 highlighted for placement on (614) 491 -0832 (817) 383-4434 the schematic. The optional auto annotation feature can assign reference values to the de- on its destination. Supersketch ics import into many popular vices as they are placed. has an auto wire router that word processor and desktop Commonly used symbols, such draws the line for you, automat- publishing programs. as input/output terminals and ically selecting the best route When it comes to drawing ground, are not a part of the bill and whatever corners are schematics, Supersketch is un- of materials, but are instead needed to make it orthogonal. questionably one of the best. represented as icons along with When moving devices, the auto - The program is easy to use - the editing commands in the router automatically cleans up once you've scaled the learning tool kit window (see Fig. 8). the rubberband lines into mountain -and it abounds Symbols can be rotated in 90° short, orthogonal lines. with advanced drawing and edi- increments and/or mirrored be- Supersketch's output fea- ting features that really help fore and after placement. Re- tures are super slick, and in- speed up your work. The best peated symbol replacement is clude support for all the popular thing about the CADPAC II supported, as is global find and printers and plotters. Sizing package, though, is its superb replace -you can replace all isn't as flexible as in some pro- PC board layout program. 4001 gates with 4011 gates, for grams, but the 4 -to -1 scaling Next month, we'll continue example. Moving device nomen- factor lets you print a 32 -inch with a look at schematic -cap- clature is a simple drag and drawing on an 8 -1/2 x 11 -inch ture packages including Super - drop procedure. page. A unique feature of Super - CAD, WinScheme, Circuit - lb draw a wire, all you do is sketch is its ability to produce Maker, Electronics Workbench, click once on its origin and once output files suitable for graph- EZ- Route, and Easy-PC Pro. ft

the left and right channels when sig- AUDIO UPDATE DIN connectors In your audio work you might nal polarity is important. continuedfrom page 136 encounter a DIN audio connector. One drawback to the DIN cable is The term DIN is the abbreviation for that manufacturers assign different new three -conductor commercial Deutsch Industrie Normenausschuss, functions to the cable wires. This connector was developed to be com- originally a German standard, but means that just because a DIN plug patible with the commercial /con- now widely accepted throughout will fit a DIN jack, you can't be sure connection. Some com- sumer 1/4 phone jack so that both the Europe. DIN cables usually have of the correct mono and stereo versions were com- three or five wires. ponents such as tape decks are sup- patible. Over the years, audio equip- The DIN connector has a keyway plied with one port for a DIN con- ment has became smaller and more making correct connection certain nector and other ports for RCA plugs. portable, as a result of transistorized while eliminating wiring errors. The Three- and five -pin DIN connec- it impossi- tors are most common, but some have circuitry, so the 1/8 -inch or 3.5 mm DIN arrangement makes connector was developed. Attempts to ble to transpose input and output as many as eight pins. Because they all make the even smaller 2.5 -mm ver- connections, so polarity follows auto- look alike, a three -pin DIN connector sion a global standard have not, so far, matically. Nevertheless, with separate looks like an eight -pin DIN connec- been successful. cables, be sure to distinguish between tor, so be sure to count the pins. ® 159

www.americanradiohistory.com ADVERTISING Gernsback Publications, Inc. INDEX 500 Bi- County Blvd. Electronics Now does not assume any responsibility for errors that may appear in the Farmingdale, NY 11735 -3931 index below. 1 -1516) 293 -3000 Free Information Larry Steckler, EHF /CET Number Page Free Information Number Page President 200 Ace Communications 70 J &M Microtek, Inc. 110 Active Micro I I7 219 Inc. Christina Estrada JES 72 222 Advantage Instruments 82 135 JES Inc. 110 assistant to the President 213 Alfa Electronics 94 John Bell 74 214 All Electronics 106 249 Kelvin Electronics 79 For Advertising ONLY Allen Engineering 74 179 LG Precision 53 516-293-3000 225 Allison Technology 71 M &G Electronics 98 215 Alltronics 91 Fax 1-516-293-3115 136 M.D. Electronics (Everquest) . 118 AlphaLab 86 198 Mark V Electronics 99 AM Research 84 89 MAT Electronics 129 Larry Steckler 284 AMC Sales 102 199 MCM Electronics 61 publisher 144 American Eagle Publications 118 Measurement Software 70 Andromeda 76 251 Mendelson Arline Fishman Electronics Surplus 116 Automotive Electronics Svce. 78 Mental Automation 90 advertising director 77 B &K Precision 54 252 Meredith Instruments 90 285 Denise Mullen Basic Electrical Supply 58 217 Micro 2000 69 286 Beige Bag 85 201 Micro Code Eng advertising assistant 63 287 Bel-Merit 93 Micro Video Products I I2 Kelly Twist 220 BG Micro 59 Midwest Laser Products 119 credit manager Black Feather 118 254 Ming Engineering 105 Boss Distributors 73 57 Mini -Circuits CV4 Subscriber Customer Service Bsoft Software, Inc. 90 273 Mission Technology 68 1-800-288-0652 335 C &S Sales, Inc. 88 Modern Electronics 114 Cable Warehouse .... 98, 117, 120 Mondo- tronics Inc 119 Capital Electronics 96 Order Entry for New Subscribers Motron Electronics 98 Cellular Masters 86 Mouser Electronics 73 1-800-999-7139 - 293 CGC 84 MWK Industries 58 7:00 AM - 6:00 PM M -F MST CLAGGK, Inc 16 National Cable Brokers 123 Cleveland Inst. of Electronics 19 182 National Elect. Wholesalers 129 Command Productions .... 29, 62 257 Needham Electronics 92 ADVERTISING 334 Computer Monitor Maint..... 122 NRI Schools 9 SALES OFFICES 226 Consumertronics 62 - Ohio Automation 76 55 Contact East 8 202 OWI 123 336 Conway Engineering Inc 83 180 Parallax CV3 EAST /SOUTHEAST 228 Cool Amp Conducto Lube 60 262 Parts Express Inc 100 Stanley Levitan Creative Micro Electronics 77 PC Boards 96 Cybermation 115 Eastern Advertising 223 Phillips Tech Electronics 110 234 Dalbani Electronics 67 329 Prairie Digital 64 1 Overlook Ave. 235 Danbar Sales 121 328 R &R Electronic Supply 96 Great Neck, NY 11021 Davilyn Corp. 68 R -4 Systems Inc. 66 1- 516- 487 -9357 230 Debco 71 Electronics 237 Roger's Systems Specialist . 114 Fax 1- 516 -487 -8402 Design Computation 58 269 Sescom Inc. 92 E-11-ace Instruments 78 Show -Time 116 MIDWEST/Texas/Arkansas/Okla. 241 Electronic Goldmine 75 140 Sil Walker 78 Ralph Bergen 242 Electronic Rainbow 113 270 Skyvision Inc. 65 Midwest Advertising 59 Electronix 55 Software Systems Co 112 One Northfield Plaza, Suite 300 Electronics Tech. Today ... 56, 152 203 Sun Equipment 85 Northfield, IL 60093-1214 Emac Inc 68 Tab Books 1, 48 1- 708 -446 -1444 Fair Radio 98 272 Tech Services 72 121 Fluke Corporation CV2 Fax 1- 708 -559 -0562 TECHMART 84 184 Foley-Belsaw Company 29 274 TECI 112 PACIFIC COAST 212 Fotronic 109 Tektronix, Inc 22 Blake Murphy Games Partners 70 92 Tektronix, Inc. 21 243 Pacific Advertising Gateway Electronics 74 53 Tektronix, Inc. 25 216 Gateway Products 64 56 Tektronix, Inc. 26 Hutch Looney & Associates. Inc. Genoa Group 112 58 Tektronic, Inc 27 6310 San Vicente Blvd. Geo-Ban Engineering 115 61 Tektronix, Inc. 28 Suite 360 Grantham College 14 Test Equipment Sales 117 Los Angeles, CA 90048-5426 Halcyon Group 77 275 Timeline 111 1-213-931-3444 183 Hameg Instruments 130 U.S. Cyberlab 102 Fax 1- 213 -931 -7309 236 Highlander (Gault) 80 Universal Electronics, Inc 66 Home Automation 120 324 Visitect Inc. 96 Electronic Shopper Howard Electronics 108 Weeder Technologies 77 Joe Shere Index Publishing Group 123 331 Weka Publishing 97 National Representative Information Unlimited 103 323 Western Test Systems 87 P.O. Box 169 196 Instek Corp 86 World College (Div. of C.I.E.). 133 Idyllwild. CA 92549 126 Interactive Image Technologies .. 5 WPT Publications 64 Intronics, Inc 108 281 1- 909 -659-9743 - Xandi Electronics 66 ISCET 156 Zagros Software 116 Fax 1 -909- 659 -2469 160 197 Island LogiX Inc. 73

www.americanradiohistory.com BASIC STAMP COMPUTERS Make your project a bite -sized snack

0000000000 BASIC Stomp" °, 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 16 0000000000 e7L 0000000000 , 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 1 i 0000000000 14.`0 0000 1 000000 0000 0000000000 P.c31t42nX 0000000000

FasBackd6001

BASIC Stamp version D BASIC Stamp I Module (BS1 -IC) BASIC Stamp II Module (BS2 -IC) 8 general -purpose I/O lines 8 general -purpose I/O lines 16 general -purpose I/O lines 256 -byte program space (100 instr.) 256 -byte program space (100 instr.) 2048 -byte program space (600 instructions) 4 -MHz clock (2400 baud serial, etc.) 4 -MHz clock (2400 baud serial, etc.) 20 -MHz clock (9600 baud serial, etc.) $39 (with integral carrier board) $34. S49 with optional carrier board $49, $69 with optional carrier board BASIC Stamps are perfect for many applications, from contr AIM model trains to monitoring factory sensors. They have 8 or 16 I/9 WHAT'S UP WITH THE STAMP II? lines, which can be used for a variety of digital and analog pur We've experienced countless delays with the Stamp II, poses. And to keep life simple. they're programmed in BASIC. Our and many callers have wondered what's wrong. special -l'BASIC` language includes familiar instructions, such as Well, there aren't any big bugs in the Stamp II, and the programmer didn't quit. When we placed our first ads GO f'O. I Ok.. y I I. and IF...THEN, \ as well as SBC instructions foil last year, we honestly thought we'd be done in December. >l I. O. pulse measurement, button debounce, etc. With every passing month, we thought it was just a month away, which is why we didn't pull the ads.

The BASIC Stamp Programming Package contains everything you As this is written in mid -June, we feel confident that we'll need to program Stamps using your PC. The package includes our be shipping beta units in 7 -10 days, which will lead to real Stamp II units in July or August. editor software, programming cables, manuals, application notes, and free technical support. The package is available for $99; We're sorry for all the frustration we've caused, and we Stamps certainly don't wish to repeat the process anytime soon. and carrier boards must be purchased separately.

`F) PIC16Cxx DEVELOPMENT TOOLS Tools for the tastiest chips

If you'd like to work with the poptil;lr PIC series of microcontroller.s, we offer various development tt a )ls to meet your needs. If you're just getting started, you may be interested in our "Hobbyist Pack" PIC Programmer. which sells for just

S99. If you're more experienced with PLC:' . perhaps you PIC Emulators could use the debugging features of our ClearView in- circuit PIC16C5x/61 /64/71/74/84/... ernljtors. \\ e ;1111 r )fft r :Issemblers, C compilers, prototvping Set breakpoints, step through code, and modify registers. boards, and data sheets. And for added convenience. we $599 each (separate units for "5x" and "xx" PICs) cv en otter the PIC chips themselves.

3805 Atherton Road. #102 Rocklin. CA 95765 USA (916) 624 -8333 Fax: 624 -8003 FaxBack: 624 -1869 BBS: 624 -7101 P1=3, L_,A ñ E -mail: i infoteparallaxinc.com Ftp: ftp.parallaxinc.com World- wide -web: http: / /www.parallaxinc.com

Australia 61 3 720 5344 (PIC to'.- 67 722 777 (Stamps) Austria .49 241 15 4071 Belgium 432 1' ,! 51 Brazil +55 11 453 5588 Canada k5'14) 336-9426 Czech Republic +42 49 5813 252 France +33 20 52 9852 Germany +49 241 15 4071 Greece ,3u 1 902 0115 Hong Kong +852 2720 0255 Hungary +36 1163 28, _+ India .91 422 232 561 Israel +9723 498 543 *Japan +81 3 3251 1779* Netherlands .31 1803 17666 Poland +48 34 1,82 South Africa +27 11 907 8475 South Korea .82 2 849 8567 Sweden +46 223 228 67 Switzerland +49 241 15 4071 Taiwan +886 7 647 1978 United Kingdom +44 1 977 683 665 United States (800) 344-4539

ClearView is a trademark and BASIC Stamp & the Parallax logo are registered trademarks of Parallax, /,w. PIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology. Inc. Prices do not include shipping and applicable sales tax Features and prices subject to change without notice. Prices are U.S. prices only prices in other countries may vary.

CIRCLE 180 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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