WfJRIlERS ''1N''''1RI 25¢ No. 77 .';;~$X'S23 19 September 1975 • eacners' rl es 0;,): wee • • un fIt)'Strt [NEW YORK ~\q Aft, Big MAC Goes After UFT UFT president Albert Shanker WV Photo

SEPTEMBER 15 As we go to press. ne\\s reports speak of a possible settle­ ment of the \:ew York City teachers strike. The rumored agreement looks like an unmitigated disaster for the 80.000 striking members of the United Federa­ tion of TeaL'hers (L;FT). The Board of fduCJ(!l)!1 in a di~plaJ of illct"eJ!blt. arrogance has proposed that hy using the S25 million in unpaid sa/aries accumulat­ ed during the strike and in pef/a/lie.1 imposed Ull striking !eaclw ....\ at a rate of two days pay for each day on strike. it may rehire a fraction of the several thousand tea-.:hers recently laid off! In addition. every penny of the meager funds designated for pay increases has been fm/en for the indefinite future. and union negotiators may trade off a two­ hour per week cut in instruction time against the los~ l)f two preparation periods in most elementary and junior high .,>chools. The resolution of a number of other Board demands lor taking back past contractual gains is not yet clear. but given the hat-in-hand negotiating stance 01 L'I-T President Albert Shanker. the prognosis is not good. The Board of Education has corne up \\ ith a cla,sic di\ide-and-conquer scheme. pitting laid-off teachers against those who will pay the Taylor Law fines and setting the parents and children (whose educational services are being cut) against teachers who will lose their preparation periods. If Shanker rams -:\ WV Photo through such a sellout pact it would be an NYC teachers take over Brooklyn Bridge earlier this month in protest against educational cutbacks and mass layoffs. insult and defeat for the entire labor mowment and a crime against the poor who are imisible. the Governor. the of thousands of teachers of handicapped Ylayor. Big MAC. If there are going to be students, rescind a S400 salary benefit and working people of New York City. changes in the way in which :'I.'ew York Shanker Rams Through Sellout Whatever the fate of the reported City finances its school system. this places that is paid to 45 percent of the teachers. "compromise" (the third in less than a a substantial burden on the parties." weaken seniority rules on layoffs and SEPTE\1BER 16-Earlv this eYen­ ing New York Cit} teachers accepted week). the .\IYC Board of Education has Sel\" York Tillles. 5 September require additional after-school confer­ the worst contract in l: FT histof)' bl already demonstrated its effectiveness as I n a year of massive budget cuts and ences. In return for this tremendous increase in workload and general deteri­ a vote of 10,651 to 6.595. The hea\l a battering ram for the bankers and big disappearing social services. the burden is "no" vote reflected a bitter reaction corporations represented on the M unici­ unsurprisingly one-sided. When negotia­ oration of conditions, the Board offered from thousands of union members pal Assistance Corporation (MAC) tions opened in late July. the Board the teachers ·nothing! who gathered on short notice for the against the trou blesome union whose ultimatistically presented its demands: The ease with which the wage freeze \oting at Madison Square Garden. strikes in the 1960's won it a niche as one lengthen the workweek. reduce prepara­ was imposed on city workers in July I n the settlement, t: FT president of the strongest municipal unions in the tion periods. shorten vacations. return (through the treachery of Victor Got­ Shanker gaYe awa) all the critical country. State Mediator Harold Newman teachers to clerical and monitorial func­ baum and other municipal union bureau­ points in dispute, including se\eral described the transparent reality of the tions, increase class size, cut paid sick crats) only whetted the appetites of MAC hard-won gains of the past (see article). ~:hanker's arguments boiled negotiations: leave. abolish job retention in summer and the city and state administrations. down to scare tactics: continuing the "'There are people at the bargaining table and after-school work, reduce the salaries continued on page 4 strike, he said, would be "gambling with our own futures and that of the union." No-it was the l'FT bu­ reaucraq, b} knuckling under. to Big See page 2 for Chicago and Bay Area MAC and the Board of Education offensive. that has put the future of Teachers' Strikes the union in question. [CHICAGO ) [BAY AREA] College Union Head Jailed

on the first day of this three week-old As we go to press, leaders of the Cook walkout, was followed ten days later by a Count~ College Teachers l'nion haH contempt of court ruling against Swenson announced a strike settlement and and a crippling fine of $5,000 a day "l'nt the members back to work levelled against the union, September. 15. Exact details are not The city government's actions are a ~et a\ailable, but the pact, imposed clear indication that it intends to ruthless­ under pressure of the sa\'age fiH­ ly curb the power of the public employees month jail sentence meted out to unions. in particular the CCCTU which CCCTl' President Swenson, appears has struck five times in its nine-year to haH produced discontent among history. One trustee of the City College "4. the rank and file. Toda~'s Chicago board openly threatened: Striking Berkeley teachers rally on September 19. Daj~1' Neil'S reported one Southwest "We have good tea(:hers applying for jobs College teacher as saling ''I'll \'ote in this system every day. I don't even against the contract. M~ classes now know if we should be negotiating with teachers who are in violation of a court haH fiH more students in them than order." thn had before we went on strike. --Chicago Tribune. 9 September raise will be eaten the n'toneJ Th~ b~' After Swenson's arrest, Cook County Liberal we lost during the strike. And how in Sherriff Richard Elrod (who achieved this da~ and age can anl trade union notoriety for taking a flying leap at a accept a contract without a cost of demonstrator outside the 1968 Demo­ Ihing clause?" cratic Party convention) gave vent to his vicious anti-labor spleen by complaining Union-Busting CHICAGO, September 12-Norman that the union leader was being pampered Swenson, president of the striking Cook with preferential treatment in jail. County College Teachers Union The I AOO-member CCCTU (AFT (CCCTU), faces five months in jail after his arrest and conviction last Tuesday for defying a strikebreaking back-to-work LAHt'TEtBNICJ in Berkeley court order. The restraining order, issued HIGH SCHOO] BERKELEY, September 12-The popu­ Superior Court on the basis that the city list image of Berkeley's city council is faced a fiscal emergency. "" wearing thin as teachers and firemen, on The militancy of the strike flows from strike for the first time, are directly pitted the Board's decision to cut its "offer" UAW Local 6 against the liberal municipal government from nothing to less than nothing. It now in a fight to defend their living and wants to slash teachers' salaries by 1.2 working conditions and the right of percent, remove al1 limits on class size Demands public employees to strike. The latter is an above third grade, cut back on special explosive issue following more than a programs and reduce teachers' medical . year of militant struggle in the Bay Area, and other fringe benefits. beginning with the near general strike of In an uphill fight against the Board's Campaign to San Francisco municipal workers in budget-cutting intransigence, the March 1974. Like their brothers and teachers' strike shows potential1y fatal sisters across the Bay, Berkeley's public weaknesses. First, the city's school employee unions must takejoint action to employees are organizationally divided. Free Swenson defeat the austerity schemes of the local The teachers are about equal1y split rulers. between the Berkeley Federation of At its regular monthly meeting Taking a hard line, the Berkeley Board Teachers (BFT), affiliated with the on September 14, UAW Local 6 of Education denounced the teachers' American Federation of Teachers (AFT), (International Harvester, Melrose strike as illegal and gave Superintendant and the Berkeley Teachers Association Park, Illinois) unanimously ap­ of Schools Laval Wilson emergency (BT A), affiliated with the National proved a motion calling for labor powers to deal with it. The teachers have Education Association. "Classified" action, including if necessary a faced threats of suspension or firing, workers (including bus drivers, cafeteria general strike, to free the jailed scabbing by substitutes paid over $50 a workers and clericals) belong to two day, and a vicious strikebreaking cam­ additional unions. Although they face president of American Federation New York Times of Teachers Local 1600, The Chicago teachers man the picket paign in the mass media. Despite this the attacks similar to the teachers', the resolution reads, in part: lines. ranks have held firm and grown more classified workers unions have been "Be it resolved, that Local 6 call Local 1600) services the eight two-year militant, while support from the commu­ played off against the BFT and BT A, did on the Chicago labor movement community college campuses whose nity has increased. As of mid-week, some not strike and accepted contracts that and specifically the Chicago 95.000 students come from predominant­ 95 percent of the teachers were striking simply codify the status quo, This was Federation-of Labor to devote i'ts and 89 percent of the students boycotting conditioned by a long and bitter history full resources to freeing Norman ly poor, minority and working-class Swenson, president of the Cook backgrounds. The teachers are demand­ classes. of mutual scabbing between the two County College Teachers Union, ing a 17 percent pay increase spread over The walkout erupted on September 3 in classified unions, who in the past have including the possibility of city­ the next two years (having had no raises response to the Board of Education's both watched teachers crossing their wide strike action," during the past two years of skyrocketing decision to scrap an agreement reached in picket lines. The lack of a coordinated Also included in the statement inflation), contractual coverage for part­ April after weeks of negotiations. In a strike effort in the Berkeley school district was a call for a demonstration by time teachers and reversal of the Board of year of lousy contracts, the April 15_ weakens all the unions and points clearly unions and working-class organi­ Education's attempted increases in class agreement must rank among the worst. It to the need for a single militant union of zations at city hall to demand size and load. contained not one cent in wage increases all education-related workers. release of Swenson, The 26,OOO-member Chicago Teachers or new fringe benefits. The Board's sole Secondly, although the BT A and BFT In a second action, the meeting Union (CTU), now in its second week on "concession" was an empty promise that have publicly buried their differences in overwhelmingly passed (against the picket lines, is waging a similar battle there would be no layoffs. this strike, rotten settlements engineered some opposition) a resolution in for a pay raise and cost-of-living in­ But even this was not enough. After a by NEA affiliates in San Francisco, support of busing, which reads: creases, against increased class sizes and minor scandal in which the school district Hayward, Oakland and Fremont have "Local 6 goes on record in attrition cuts of I ,525 teaching positions business manager resigned admitting undercut the position of the Berkeley support of busing and in support (along with another 1,500 cuts of non­ financial incompetence, the Board dis­ teachers and cut off the possibility of a of the integration of the schools powerful Bay Area-wide teachers' strike. in the Chicago area as well as teaching personnel positions). covered a $3.9 million deficit in the schools all over the country," A group of community college students budget. Citing the notorious Winton Act Thirdly, the teachers have no strike' fund and are isolated from the rest of the Both motions were submitted by has threatened a suit against the CCCTU denying teachers even the most minimal labor movement. The "support" of the the Labor Struggle Caucus, a strikers, and the reactionary PTA has collective bargaining rights, the Board Alameda Central Labor Council remains class-struggle opposition group predictably demanded a court injunction simply declared that the agreement was limited to advice on how to file for food in the Local. against the CTU. But despite anti-union not binding. This highhanded position continued on page 9 was upheld by the Alameda County continued on page 11 2 WORKERS VANGUARD Argentine Reinstate Jane Margo/is' Socialist Militants Pacific Telephone Fires Murdered September 10-The bullet-riddled bodies of eight members of the Argentine Partido Socialista de los' Trabajadores (PST-Socialist Work­ Militant ers Party), victims of anti-communist death squads, were found south of Buenos Aires last weekend. On Friday five nude bodies were dis­ SA:-'; FRA!\CISCO. September 12 ycars ago, thc company has tried to get rid members, including several stewards and covered by a fisherman near the Rio Jane Margolis. a leading member of the of mc. I have never been on any chicf stewards. The basis for membership de la Plata. The next day three more Militant Action Caucus (MAC) in Com­ prcliminary warnings, but I have been on in thc committee is agreement with two were found in the city of La Plata. thrcc final warnings." She added that points, which are bcing circulated in the During the last year literally munications Workers of America (CW A) form of a petition, and will be introduced hundreds of leftists and labor leaders Local 9410 here. was fired by the Pacific "cvcn though they have no case against have fallen prey to right-wing killers Telephone Company on Friday. Septem­ mc and the charges are obviously as motions at the next union meeting to condoned by the bonapartist regime ber 5. In response to this clear political trumpcd up, cven flimsier cases have becn bc held on September 16. The petition of Isabel Peron. As her government victimization of a long-time union mili­ lost bccausc our union is so weak. It will reads: and the Peronist union bureaucracy tant. a defense committee has been bc a hard fight, but we're going to give "We. the undersigned members of l.ocal prove incapable of containing a established comprising members from them the hardcst fight they've ever seen. 9410. condemn the arbitrary and vindic­ tive firing by the Company' of long-time militant proletariat, the army stands both San Francisco and Oakland CW A We're getting a lot of support from on the doorstep preparing to drown union militant Jane Margolis, and locals. _ members and stewards. and even some demand her immediate reinstatement the entire organized workers move­ That Margolis should be fired at this executive board members." \\ ith full back pay and seniority rights. ment in a bloody coup. It is the urgent We urge all union brothers and sisters to obligation of socialist and labor time is no accident. Pacific Telephone is As was made clear in a MAC leaflet, the company had no case against Jane put their full support behind this demand. organizations throughout the world running amok with a campaign of "\Ve cannot permit the Company to to vigorously protest against the arbitrary harassment, firings and down­ Margolis. Management suspended her, destroy our union through its policy of bestial murder of the PST militants gradings, all aimed at reducing its "pending investigation," for "falsification harassment and firings. downgrades and and mounting government-backed workforce, demoralizing the workers and of company records" concerning an layoffs. nor permit them to dictate who brown-shirt terror in Argentina. weakening the union in order to pave the application for a personal leave she had can or cannot be in our Union by The butchers responsible for allowing them to fire our members and way for even more layoffs. Since the already taken. Although the company militants. Therefore. the Union should assassinating the PST members are beginning of the year layoffs began to be a produced not one shred of evidence adopt a protective policy of retaining full known as the "Triple A" (Argentine reality due to extensive automation and union membership rights for all fired and Anti-Communist Alliance). These the economic dOWnturn, despite the laid-off members." murderers ride in police cars, carry authentic police identification when company's false reputation for "never Retcntion of union rights is a crucial they make their "arrests" and have laying off." The MAC has fought within demand to strengthen the CW A against never been caught. I n fact, they are the union for national strike action the company. It was a regular practice in the cops (in concert with a fascist against these layoffs and for a shorter CIO unions during the organizing drives wing of the Peronist movement) and workweek with no cut in pay to provide of the 1930's. a response to the firing of act with the unspoken blessing of the jobs for all. With anger at the downgrades union organizers by the employers. The government. Meanwhile, the military and firings mounting (Local 9410 was demand is also important because it links prepares its entrance by whipping up forced to call a special meeting last month , '. thc unemployed workers to the employed anti-guerrilla hysteria. "We will work to discuss these issues), the company workers and insures that the voice of the and fight day and night to annihilate movcd to rid itself of the only group uncmployed workers is heard within the these subversive criminals," boasts Brigadier General Luciano within the union that has a strategy that unions. Menendez. could defeat the attacks on the phone Tragically, the PST dead are vic­ workers. Defend Jane Margolis-Defend tims not only of the "Triple A" but also The company chose to act now because MAC! of the policies of their own party, union elections are coming up in October. The broad base of the Committee to which has repeatedly stated its sup­ \1argolis. who polled 230 votes (35 short Defcnd Jane Margolis and the enthusias­ port of the "institutional process" and of winning) in a local-wide election for Jane Margolis, victimized MAC tic response of phone workers to the the "continuity" of the Peronist gov­ convention delegate last spring, was very leader. committee show that growing numbers of ernment. The leftist guerrillas, say likely going to be elected a Traffic rep to leaders of the reformist PST in formal demonstrating any "falsification," Mar­ phone workers have had enough of the executive board. By firing this audiences with Isabel Peron, are the golis volunteered verification which Pacific Telephone's unending campaign militant, Pacific Telephone hopes to "mirror image" of the AAA. On the disproved the charges. On the day the of harassment and firing. Thc attack on knock her out of the running. contrary: the death squads are the company would have had to produce Jane Margolis and the MAC is an attack Such gross company interference in reflection-in fact, the creatures-of evidence for union representatives at a upon all phone workers. an attack upon the government and the capitalist union affairs is nothing new for Ma Bell. fact-finding meeting, management can­ thc CW A. All CW A members must unite. "law and order" which the fake­ Discussing this blatant attempt by Pacific stand up and fight the company's "force Trotskyist PST supports. Telephone to tell union members whom celled the meeting, fired Margolis and changed its story: she was now fired for rcduction" schemes and oppose vicitimi­ How many more bodies must be they can or cannot vote for, a MAC spending too much time "in transit" on zation of union militants who are leaders fished from the blood-red rivers of leaflet pointed out an incident in a earlier the leave! Manv members and stewards in this fight. If they do not resist, the Argentina before a conscious prole­ election: tariat breaks with Peron ism and were incensed not only at the flimsiness of company will only grow bolder. no one "Management has already shown their will be safe. and the very existence of the class-collaborationist reformism to willingness to interfere in union the company's charges, but also at its rise up and settle accounts with the elections -they've taken our campaign dangerous assertion of the "right" to take union will be called into question. anti-communist assassins and the literature off the union bulletin boards action against a worker on the basis of The CW A leadership must not be let bourgeoisie they serve? because it is 'derogatory to the Company' presumed guilt, requiring the worker to off the hook -it must be directed by the to be for workers running the phone provide proof of innocence after the fact. membership to defend all phone workers company. for nationali7ing the Company without compensation." victimized through company downgrades Responsibility for this firing must be and layoffs, firing and harassment. But laid squarely at the feet of the CW A WI/tltIRI Another factor in the firing is the fact we warn phone workers to place no leadership, which has worked in collusion that Margolis was the first phone com­ confidence in these agents of the bosses with the company to tie the hands of the "lIfilllllll pany employee ever to testify against rate within the workers movement. The best members, and which by its cowering increases the company was seeking, at defense against the Bell System's arbi­ servility has given the company the green Marxist Working-Class Weekly Public Utility Commission hearings this trary attacks is to oust these phonies and light to wage a ruthless campaign of of the Spartacist League of the U.S. spring. Here again the MAC leader called replace them with a leadership committed firings and harassment. Both the Interna­ for running the phone system for social to a program of class struggle, a program EDITOR: Jan Norden tional and several Local officers will be need, not profit, and exposed the Bell to put an end to the rule of the capitalist PRODUCTION MANAGER: Karen Allen glad to rid themselves of the leader of the System's schemes to pass the costs of robber barons once and for all. It is CIRCULATION MANAGER: Anne Kelley Opposition caucus with the longest automation and its elimination of jobs precisely because groups such as the EDITORIAL BOARD: Liz Gordon (Chairman), onto the backs of the poor and working history in the union. San Francisco Local MAC have made an important beginning Chris Knox (Labor). James Robertson people through higher phone bills. 9410 president Kirkpatrick is infamous in (Advisory). Charles Burroughs (Editorial Staff), in such a struggle that they must be Enraged by this "disloyal" act, the the union as the author of "19-2-C", an Joseph Seymour (Midwest), George Foster defended by every class-conscious worker (West Coast) telephone monopoly quoted her (though anti-red clause which the MAC success­ and militant trade unionist. Published weekly, except bi-weekly in August not by name) in the company newsletter fully campaigned against. leading to its An urgent request has been made for and December, by the Spartacist Publishing Co., as being for "free phone service, free defeat at the 1973 CW A convention. 260 West Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10013. funds to defra~' the costs of conducting Telephone: 966-6841 (Editorial), 925-5665 transportation, and free medical care." this defense campaign. The Partisan (Business). Address all correspondence to: Box Members Fight Back Oefense Committee, legal defense arm of 1377, G.P.O., New York, N.Y. 10001. Domestic Trumped-Up Charges subscriptions $5.00 per year. Application to The response of the membership to the the Spartacist League, urges WV readers mail at second class postage rates is pending at to support this call. Declarations of New York, N.Y. Yesterday a Workers Vanguard firing has been both swift and encourag­ reporter talked to :vtargolis about her ing. A "Committee to Defend Jane solidarit~ and donations may be sent to Opinions expressed in signed articles or letters do not necessarily express the editorial firing. She told us that "Ever since my Margolis" was formed at a meeting called the Committee to Defend Jane Margolis, viewpoint. election to the executive board in Oak­ on September 10. According to Margolis c/o Militant Action Caucus, P.O. Box land CWA Local 9415, three and a half the meeting was attended by 21 union "62, El Cerrito, CA 94530 .•

19 SEPTEMBER 1975 3 negotiated since the pay f ree7.e and will set mises. occaSIonally passing the buck to meeting that afternoon. He vividly the pattern for collective bargaining Mayor Beame or Governor Carey. and described the Board's intransigence and NY Teachers ... under MAt's austerity program. With has maneuvered the union representa­ his own fruitless attempts at (continuedfrom page /) Albert Shanker at the U FT helm. the tives into several embarrassing positions. "bargaining": From the start the Board has been on the pattern promises to be a disaster. Striking On September H. the day the schools "We made ever\, effort to reach an offensive. Having eliminated 10.000 jobs a militant posture while the other city reopened. the state's "fact-finders," im­ al!reement. We did not want a strikc. We from the school system through attrition unions were signing away their members' pressed with Shanker's declared willing­ d~Jn't want one now. We know that our over the past four years. it fired 7.000 wages. he initially demanded a 25 percent ness to accept regressions on preparation cit\' is in trouhle. We met: we made concessions. We came up with numerous substitute teachers in June. wage increase in: the pre-strike negotia­ periods and "reasonable violations" of proposals .... The other side camc in with By September 5. layoff notices had tions. But his posturing ended quickly. class size limits. proposed an indefinite this hag full of demands to take away been received by 17J5 percent of all and Shanker now asserts almost proudly extension of the old contract to postpone everything that we ever got. And until we teachers, almost a third of the guidance that "salaries are not an issue." Although a strike and wrap up the sellout. When made concessions to give away things they wouldn't even make any proposals. counselors and 50 percent of all aides and teachers' real wages dropped by 22 Shanker presented this first empty "victo­ And then after all of that negotiating. paraprofessionals. This means that over percent over the three-year life of the ry" to his executive board. however. he there was just no package there." 10.000 school workers will lose their jobs current contract (negotiated during Nix­ was chagrined to discover that, in effect. But this was not the last time that this month. These lllyoffs have a particu­ on's wage freeze). the U FT head will buy a there was no contract to extend. In the Shanker was to be humiliated. In mid­ larly heavy impact on the non-white U FT ncw contract without one cent in higher wake of the layoffs. class si7.es had week the mediators suggested a ceasefire. members. who are concentrated among pay. Even worse. this "responsible labor increased by 50 to 100 percent. The The schools would be officially closed, the paraprofessionals. teacher aides and statesman" indicated a willingness to teachers lacked aides. supplies, even the strike would be suspended and teachers with lower seniority. The re­ acq uiesce to most of the Board's dema nds desks. and were assigned to duties that teachers would go in to attempt to lower sponse of U FT leaders was to initiate a if they will only allow him some apparent violated the contract. class si7.es through "reorgani7.ation." useless court suit rather than to mobili7.e compromise to sell to the ranks. Cornered by this deliberate Although no simple reshuffling of s.tu­ the ranks to defend their jobs. Instead the Board contemptuously provocation. Shanker reluctantly put a dents and teachers could close the gaps The teachers' cohtract is the first to be rejected most of the proposed com pro- strike motion before an angry delegates' left by thousands of layoffs. Shanker grasped at the scheme as a way to deflate the strike. However, news of the truce reached union negotiators not from their president but from the morning newspa­ L~A. CourtS/ COPS pers. Shanker pacified his negotiating committee and sold them on the scheme. onlv to find out that the Board had Commit Racist Atrocity scuttled it on the instructions of the city's Corporation Counsel. who insisted on a written pledge that the U FT would not go back· 'on strike if no settlement were reached during the truce! Finally. there was the elaborate shell­ Protest game in which the city's chief negotiator. Robert Christen, joined with the union's representatives to explore the possibility of freeing $43 million budgeted for salary increases prior to the freeze and diverting Philip Allen it to rehire some laid-off teachers. After shuttling back and forth between Mayor Beame and Governor Carey, the weary team finally got the word from Beame: MAC wants frozen money to stay frozen. During the ma7.e of negotiations the Convictionl UFT bureaucrats. the mediators (to a Philip Allen with his mother. WV Photo lesser extent) and even, at times, the Board's negotiators have been slow to grasp the concrete meaning of capitalist LOS ANGELES-Philip Allen, the young black college student accused of killing an L.A. COLfnty austerity. To carry out MAC's program deputy in an early-morning New Year's Eve shooting, has been convicted of voluntary manslaughter, the city must not compromise with but This grotesque frame-up must be vigorously protested. We demand a reversal of Allen's conviction­ deFeat the union and make major inroads free Philip Allen! Joanne Little was freeQ because working people, labor militants and socialists rallied on past contractual gains. There is no to her side against the vicious state charges. The same must be done for Allen, who was blatantly room for the public bluster. back room framed by L.A. police and railroaded through the bourgeois courts-both parts of the same repressive deals and face-saving compromises that state apparatus which staged the SLA massacre and now trains SWAT teams to suppress food riots. normally occur. Eager to tame the teachers union in its During his trial, Allen's hopes for justice were steadily ground down. He listened in disbelief as stronghold, the financiers from MAC prosecutor Burton Katz painted for the jury the picture of a bloodthirsty "cop-hater." Simply because hover over the bargaining table. If the Allen had enrolled in black studies courses at Los Angeles City College, the prosecutor argued that puppets don't stand straight enough, the young Allen (now 20 years old) was a vicious racist who, in spite of his diminutive (5'3") build, had come strings are pulled taut. The city's Corpor­ out on top in an unprovoked altercation with six to eight hefty cops. It was charged that Allen disarmed ation Counsel reins in the Board's one of them and with this service revolver allegedly wounded two or three others as well as killing negotiators on the ceasefire. MAC itself Darden Hollis. reins in Beame on the $43 million. The After his arrest, Allen was labelled "suicidal" and strapped to his hospital bed while recovering from a naked reality of the class struggle, cop beating received during the alleged shooting, only to be informed later that he was being held on sometimes obscured in "collective" bar­ obviously faked charges of killing the deputy. No test was done to determine whether he had in fact gaining and "neutral" mediation. is fired the Smith & Wesson .357 magnum service revolver. No fingerprints were found on the gun. No glaringly evident in the single-minded determination with which the city hacks substantial evidence was ever presented which even suggested how Allen, while pinned to the ground, away at the teachers' working conditions could have grabbed the gun. Nor were the results of a police-administered lie-detector test (which and plunges an already abysmal school Allen "passed") admitted in evidence by Judge Laurence Rittenband. system deeper into terminal decay. The trial was held in near-lily-white Santa Monica. Police witnesses were seen driving to and from the The courts have been waving the big court in the same car, publicly conversing, while the defendant was baited for knowing one of the stick of' the Taylor Law which outlaws defense witnesses. Three older white women jurors openly winked at prosecutor Katz, and Judge public workers' strikes. Shanker could be Rittenband repeatedly left the courtroom (which was full of Allen supporters) to consult with attorneys jailed for as long as a year for violating the in his private chambers. Capping it all was the hysteria of prosecutor Katz, screaming at the jury one . injunction against the strike; individual minute, sneering at Allen for his "passivity" the next. "Murderers can be handsome, too," he ranted. An teachers could be fined two days' pay for incredible argument, but no more so than every other aspect of the state's "case." every day they stay on strike. So far, Large sums were spent by the state to support the police allegations, a situation which continually however, the courts have used their power put Allen's defense committee in dire financial straits to raise the substantial amounts necessary forthe to pressure the union into surrendering rather than to bludgeon it into sub­ cost of expert testimony to counter the state's "specialists." Although no witnesses, not even the cops, mission. The use of intimidation and claimed to have seen Allen get the gun, the prosecution's racist demagogy was sufficient to get a hard-line negotiations rather than a conviction. frontal assault is the result not of any taste Joanne Little was freed because of numerous demonstrations, an expensive legal defense and for compromise but of the enormous massive publicity before and during the trial. For Philip Allen there were few demonstrations and a support for the strike throughout the city. virtual press blackout, even in the L.A. area. Unfortunately, the Philip L. Allen Defense Committee In 1968 the Lindsay administration limited its strategy to a narrow legalistic defense policy. The Partisan DefE;lnse Committee, legal pulled out all the stops to bust the union defense arm of the Spartacist League, made a financial contribution to the Philip Allen defense, as did by mobili7.ing the city's black and Latin the Chicago Spartacist League which collected funds at several forums which were opened with an popUlation behind a phony community appeal to support this victim of a vicious cop frame-up. But while advocating the use of every possible control scheme that would have destroy­ legal procedure for the cases it supports, the PDC understands that only a defense which relies on ed seniority rights and the organizational mass support and puts forward a sharp political attack on the whole system of phony class justice can strength of the U FT. Many teachers, parents and students actively attempted hope to win freedom for those it supports. to break that strike by keeping the schools The PDC urges WV readers to assist Allen at this time for the crucial appeal process. Donations may open. They were egged on by black be mailed to: Philip L. Allen Defense Committee of the First Unitarian Church, 2936 West 8th Street, Los nationalists, poverty program bureau­ Angeles, California 90005. crats and phony leftists like the Commun­ ist Party. Progressive Labor Party and 4 WORKERS VANGUARD Socialist Workers Party whose suppor­ Warld -as a "progressive" opponent to ters in the U Ff scabbed on the strike. The Abel in the next election for International job was made easier. of course. by Phony Democracy at USW president. Abel is rumored to be planning Shanker's notorious indifference to the to alter the union's constitution to allow reality of racial oppression and his himself to run again in order to keep the narrow Meanyite business unionism. "official family" united against But the union survived the attack. and District 31 Convention Sadlowski. today the U FT has the social power not Differences between Abel and Sad­ only to defend what little is left of public lowski remain verbal, however, as Sad­ education in New York City. but also to lowski fails to concretize his opposition take the lead in breaking through the into even the bare beginnings of a class­ impasse crea·ted by the capitulation of the struggle program. Sadlowski refused to leadership of the municipal workers take a clear stand on ENA in the election unions to the wage freeze and massive Sadlowski Can't and made no attempt at the conference to layoffs imposed by MAC. The greatest mobilize opposition to it. While Abel obstacle to such a victory is the Shanker opposes strikes-supposedly to prevent bureaucracy with its no-win strategy of the kind of depression-unemployment nickel-and-dime haggling (this time over now occurring! -and pushes production how much the union will gil'e hack). Fight Layoffs and protectionism, Sadlowski confines Unless the strike and its demands are himself to making populist-sounding broadened. the city can wait it out. begin utterances such as, "we're putting the a propaganda campaign to convince CHICAGO ~ The first conference of them." After many "guests" in delegates' politicians and liberals on notice right parents that class size should be limited District 31 (Chicago -Gary region) of the badges were discovered, Sadlowski was now that we want a piece of the good life." United Steel Workers under the aegis of forced to consent to a motion requiring by sharply increasing each teacher's work Sadlowski has no monopoly on pious newly installed District Director Ed them to leave the delegate area. load, playoff other unions against the phrases. "left" rhetoric and vague pro­ Sadlowski was held here in the middle of Although Sadlowski's report to the U FT (e.g., school aides and lunchroom mises, however. After pointing out that july. Reflecting strong pressure from the conference was dry and statistical, it workers belonging to Gotbaum's Dis­ economists are predicting five more years huge district's rank and file, many of revealed the background of crisis and trict Council 37 were instructed to of unemployment at 6 or 7 percent, Abel whom are now laid off. the 980 delegates unemployment which have been plaguing continue working), use preferential layoff representative John S. Johns, in his passed resolutions condemning the un­ steel workers in recent months. U nem­ schemes to pit bilingual teachers against remarks to the conference, said, "If this ion's pro-company productivity clause ployment in the District stood at over 14 the union. employ the fines and jailings becomes true ... 1 believe it's high time that and its infamous ENA (Experimental percent. While nine new locals had been prescribed by the Taylor Law and, in we seriously consider movigg t-oward ... a Negotiating Agreement) no-strike deal. organized in the past year, several more general, try to demoralize the teachers shorter workday, a shorter workweek or Words were cheap, however, since the had been disbanded due to plant closures. and undermine their support in the shorter workyear without loss of pay for conference had no formal decision­ Overall membership in the District was community. our people." A resolution for a shorter making powers. Neither Sadlowski, the down to 110.000 from the year's highest To win its strike the U FT must lead workday with no loss in wages was passed darling of the reformists, nor the confer­ monthly level of 126,000. Speaking later, the city's labor movement. the poor and in District 15 (western Pennsylvania) ence delegates, the vast majority of whom International Vice President John S. much of the middle class behind an earlier this year. With his remark, it was were union officials, showed the slightest Johns estimated that WO,OOO steel work­ aggressive program to overturn the Johns. rather than the "progressive" signs of mounting a serious. political ers were laid off nationally. austerity program. For the UFT, for Sadlowski, who grabbed the limelight in opposition to the sellout International What Sadlowski failed to report was example. to raise the simple demand of . the next day's news report for having said free public transportation could galvan­ something out of the ordinary. ize the entire city into action and represent a giant leap toward a massive The conference resolutions against work stoppage. Such sentiment already ENA and the productivity clause were the exists, to some extent. in the ranks of the work of a local officialdom facing an U FT. At the June delegates' meeting increasingly hostile membership and in Shanker was actually drowned out by need of something "progressive" to point chants of "General Strike. General to. Authored originally by Local 1033 Strike!" Rather than capitulating to the (Republic Steel), they were reported out Board's strong-arm tactics. the UFT must by the resolutions committee and passed broaden its strike. linking up with the with little opposition. to the accompani­ Professional Staff Congress (City U niver­ ment 9f neutral silence from Sadlowski. sity employees in an AFT-affiliated local A section of the resolution on the whose contract deadline is this week). to productivity clause revealed the underly­ spark a city-wide general strike against ing worry of the authors: "The member­ the capitalists' anti-labor austerity ship of our union is highly suspicious of program. the productivity clause and are placing To maint'lin and deepen community the blame for it on local union support the demands of the poor and officers .... " oppressed racial minorities must be There was no organized oppositIOn championed by the strikers. Bilingual. force in evidence at the conference. Title I and all special educational pro­ Reformist groups such as the District 31 grams must be defended. and all budget Right to Strike Committee, which is cuts restored. Rather than passively politically supported by the Mjloist accepting thousands of layoffs-or rehir­ October League, and the National Steel ing a few teachers with money extorted Workers Rank and File Committee, from U FT members through fines and which is endorsed by the Communist lost pay -militant teachers must demand Party, backed Sadlowski in the last the rescinding of all layoffs and call for a election. They both have been virtually shorter workweek at no loss in pay. to inactive since then. The NSWRFC create more jobs and provide improved sharply curtails the program it raises in education. This must be coupled with full Sadlowski's district; its national leader, George Edwards, called for a shorter cost-of-living protection and a substan­ • WV Photo tial wage increase to make up for past Sadlowski supporters at April 26 jobs rally in Washington, D.C. workweek at no cut in pay and no losses to inflation. overtime during layoffs in Lorain, Ohio The financial leeches who run MAC in June, though neither of these demands and devised its program to bust the administration of I. W. Abel & Co. his own inaction on the layoffs which had appeared in the group's paper in have swept the industry this year. In Local 65 (District 31) in April. Members unions and put the urban poor on short Sadlowski, who gained office in a District 3 I alone 12,000 workers were of NSWRFC supported the conference rations must have their business empires government-run election against an Abel thrown onto the streets, including 25 resolutions against the productivity exposed to public scrutiny and their flunky on an ostensible program of union percent of the workforce at U.S. Steers clause and ENA, and will no doubt flaunt stranglehold on the cities broken. The democracv, billed the conference as a giant Gary works, yet Sadlowski spent his these as evidence of Sadlowski's "leftism" corporation and bank books must be democratic departure from the past. It time playing footsie with local Democrat­ when in fact he had nothing to do with opened to inspection by the workers didn't take long, however, for Sadlow­ ic Party bigwigs and travelling to Eastern them. movement. the city debt cancelled and the ski's bureaucratic method to begin Europe, presumably to bolster his "pro­ Neither was there any attempt by the banks expropriated! showing through the facade provided by gressive" reputation. In contrast to delegates to turn disgruntlement about The millions of dollars contributed by such "innovations" as committees, reso­ Sadlowski's inaction, which was indistin­ unemployment into a fighting program to the U FT to Beame, Carey and other so­ lutions from locals and floor micro­ guishable from Abel's, steel workers in use the strike weapon to combat layoffs called "friends of labor" (including the phones. small fry that they elected to the commu­ two plants in Ohio wildcatted against and mobilize the ranks nationally for a nity school boards) were poured down the The first use of the microphones was layoffs earlier this year. shorter workweek at no loss in pay. This rat hole of capitalist politics. Shanker's made by a member who complained that Much of the conference bickering would certainly be the last thing desired friends are nQw doing their best to break although his local had elected no dele­ reflect.;:d jockeying for position between by the local leaders who passed the the U FT and the rest of the labor gates, he had seen a local member present Sadlowski and Abel forces in the District. resolutions at the conference. Only a few movement in order to bailout --big wearing a delegate's badge. The accused The bulk of the International-financed weeks prior, officials of Local 1014 (U.S. business at the workers expense. A class­ member reported that he had simply staff reps and most of the local officials Steel Gary works) managed to table struggle opposition must be built in the purchased the badge himself! Frank supported Abel's candidate for District indefinitely a resolution' presented by unions to dump Shanker, Gotbaum and Mirocha, president of Local 65 (U.S. Director in the last election, and staff rank-and-file local members demanding all the bureaucrats. This can only be done Steel Southworks) then complained that forces have already fielded a new chal­ such a strategy. A real class-struggle by raising a full, political program, members of his local who were not lenger to oppose Sadlowski in the next opposition in the USW can only be built including demands for a workers party, delegates were serving on key commit­ contest. Meanwhile Sadlowski is being by first rejecting the "left" fakery present­ based on the trade unions to fight for a tees. Asked how they got there, Sadlow­ pushed by some-particularly the Com­ ed by such local leaders and by workers government!. ski replied imperiously, "I appointed munist Party, in the pages of the Da;~ .. Sadlowski.• 19 SEPTEMBER 1975 5 or three days at the beginning of Helsinki between President Ford and the August the hollow sound of sanctI­ CPSU general secretary, and was the Fmonious speeches from leadns of :1.1 repeated theme of U.S. leaders for the European countries, the United States next three weeks. Speaking to the and Canada echoed in Helsinki. The American Legion on August 19, Ford usual empty phrases about "a continent remarked: of peace," "encouraging human con­ "But the principles we adopted there [in tacts," and "East-West understanding" Helsinki] nm\> must he put into practice .... From Yalta nowed in an endless stream from the "We are now carefully watching some mouths of the world's most vicious serious situations for indications of the imperialist warmongers and their Stalin­ Soviet attitude towards detente and ist collaborators. cooperation in European security. The The document-signing ceremony situation in Portugal is one of them." ended the months-long "Conference on A few days earlier Secretary of State Security and Cooperation in Europe" Kissinger put the point even more to Helsinki ... which blessed in official and formal terms bluntly: the post-World War 11 map of Europe, "I n Portugal. .. the Soviet Union should not assume that it has the option, either thus endorsing the 1943-45 deals between directly or indirectly, to influence events the Western imperialists and Stalin contra-ry to the right of the Portuguese carving up the continent into "spheres of people to determine their own future. The innuence." Among the signers, Russian involvement of external powers for this Communist Party (CP) leader Brezhnev purpose in a country which is an old friend and allv of ours, is inconsistent was the most ecstatic, hailing the confer­ with any prinCiple of European security." ence for adopting "a number of important .VCII· York Tillles, 15 August agreements supplementing political de- Extending the Monroe Doctrine to the 'tente by a military one .... " The CPUSA's Iberian peninSUla, Kissinger simultane­ Daily World (7 August) went even ously warned Russia to keeps hands off further, announcing "Heads of state sign and announced that the U.S. stood pact to end cold war." "ready to help a democratic Portugal," Like the speeches, the accords signed at adding that "We will oppose ... the efforts Helsinki say nearly nothing in 100 pages of a minority that appears to be subvert­ of loopholes, escape clauses and generali­ ing the revolution for its own purposes"! ties pompously rendered in the most Posing as protector of the Portuguese turgid prose. The U.S., for example. revolution (!), the U.S. openly attempted claims the pact is not legally binding but to pressure leftist Premier General Vasco the USSR insists that it is. One delegate Gon~alves out of office, among other explained to a questioning reporter: "Y ou things by offering planes to evacuate are not supposed to understand it. Angolan refugees but only to a Portu­ Neither do we, and, what's more, we guese government "we can work with." In meant it that way" (New York Times, 30 turn, European social democratic-led Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta. July). Deliberate obscurantism has long governments (notably Sweden and West been the classic mode for diplomatic Gerrna'::'~ offered "millions" in aid documents. But that does not mean that provided •• "stable government" to their diplomacy has no meaning. Behind the liking was installed in Lisbon. polite cocktail parties and verbose ponti­ Brezhnev was quick to respond to ficating stands military force. Diplomacy Kissinger\ threats. The next day he told is an extension of war by other means. an American delegation in Yalta that "We The Kremlin bureaucrats' enthusiasm are in favor of strict non-interference in The Diplomacy for the Helsinki "treaty" derives from Portugal and believe that it is up to the their policy of sowing illusions that such Portuguese to solve their own affairs" (Le scraps of paper can prevent a world war Monde, 16 August). Three days later a launched by imperialists eager to regain lengthy, authoritati\e article in PrG\'da the Russian market and smash the social ended with the same statement. virtually and economic conquests of the October word for word (Daily World, 3 Septem­ Revolution. Stalin had the same illusion, ber). "Strict non-interference" is the of Betrayal vainly hoping that his pact with Hitler cowardly excuse of a nationalist bureauc­ would stave off a German invasion. racy that is willing to endlessly sacrifice Soviet workers found out differently. at a "foreign" revolutions in the hopes of cost of millions of lives unnecessarily lost enticing the imperialists into "peaceful due to military unpreparedness. coexistence." It is the negation of prole­ Ever since the beginning of the "cold tarian internationalism! war" Russian diplomacy has focused on Faced with the recent reactionary the demand for a political settlement offensive in Portugal, starkly reminiscent confirming the present division of Eu­ of Chile during Allende's last days, a rope. As early as 1954 Molotov proposed revolutionary workers state would un­ a European security treaty as the alterna­ stintingly aid the embattled Portuguese tive to NATO and the abortive European workers. In Santiago de Chile on II Defense Community. More recently, the September 1973 the workers waited in the french Communist Party callee for factories for arms that never came. Today "simultaneous dissolution of the North in Lisbon the workers are demanding Atlantic Treaty and the Warsaw Treaty" guns. Will the Soviet Union provide and a continental security treaty ("Pro­ them? Brezhnev replies "strict non­ gramme commun de gouvernement," interference," and the pro-NATO gener­ 1972). Now Brezhnev has his treaty. but als prepare to smash the combative NATO remains. workers and purge the leftist soldiers. Secret Talks on Portugal With its treacherous "hands-off' policy toward Portugal, Moscow does its best to The anti-detente lobby in Washington tie the hands of the Portuguese working was predictably "enraged" over Helsinki. class while giving a free hand to U.S. Henry Jackson and a chorus of right­ Alain Nogues imperialism. This is the price of "political wing emigre groups longing for the Portuguese President Costa Gomes greets Kissinger and Ford at Helsinki. detente." It would not be a great surprise restoration of clerical-fascist rule in their if, when the contents of the secret Ford­ homelands struck up the theme of a Brezhnev talks are made known, it will "Western retreat" on the "basic principle turn out that the fate of Portugal was on that the allies were going to defeat the bv then heard the translation. There was a of self-determination" for the former the poker table at Helsinki. It would not Axis forces. Churchill describes in his slight pause. Then he took his blue pencil Baltic states now part of the USSR. But memoirs an instance of the cynical and made a large tick upon it, and passed be the first time the Stalinists sacrificed it back to us. It was all settled in no more not even the senator from Boeing has revolutionary opportunities in Europe in camaraderie that existed between himself current plans to invade Estonia in order time than it takes to set it down." the chimerical hope of preserving their and Stalin in the horse-trading atmos­ -Winston Churchill, The Second to restore manorial domains to the bureaucratic privileges by offering phere of the October 1944 Moscow World War, Vol. 6: "Triumph Junker barons. "peaceful coexistence" to meeting: and Tragedy," 1953 As former U.S. Undersecretary of counterrevolution. "\ wrote out on a half-sheet of paper, At Yalta the percentages checked off were State George Ball pointed out, far from Rumania different although the spirit of "give and giving up anything Washington was Russia ...... 90% Yalta: Dividing Europe take" was the same. It was Stalin, "the doing its best "to use the Soviet Union's The others ...... 10% While history is not a conspiracy, there Greece Great Organizer of Defeats," who gave open eagerness for the Helsinki confer­ Great Britain ...... 90% are conspiracies in history. At Yalta in and the imperialists who took. ence as a lever to pry loose concessions" (in accord with U.S.A.) At the time imperialism faced pre­ (New York Times, July 31). Still stinging January 1945, the "Big Three" (Stalin, Russia ...... IO% revolutionary conditions throughout from its defeat in Indochina, the U.S. Roosevelt, Churchill) conspired to divide Yugoslavia ...... 50-50% Europe. In the course of six years of war a wanted an "understanding" with Brezh­ Europe. The Yalta meeting had been Hungary ...... 50-50% Bulgaria substantial underground apparatus had nev on prepared by earlier conferences in Teh­ Portugal as its price for a "legally Russia ...... 75% been built up in the struggle against the non-binding" signature. This was made ran, Cairo, Moscow and Quebec begin­ The others ...... 25% clear by the secret talks on Portugal at ning in 1943 when it became probable "\ pushed this across to Stalin, who had continued on page 8 6 WORKERS VANGUARD Trotskyist League of Canada Founded

The founding of the Trotskyist League Canadian affiliate of the USec and for imists is in the process of emerging under the programmatic congruity of the two of Canada (TLC) represents the rebirth of many years the only visible sclf-styled the impact of the irresistible "new rise of organizations was complemented by a revolutionary Marxism in Canada and an Trotskyist organization in Canada. The world revolution." common assessment of the current tasks important step forward in the develop­ Re\olutionary Communist Tendency of revolutionary Trotskyists in Canada. ment of' the international Spartacist (RCT) came into existence in part as a left The essence of this methodology is tendency (iSt). The TLC founding confer­ reaction against the LSA's accelerated substitutionism -i.e .. seeing forces other ence, held at the end of August. marked adaptation to Canadian nationalism, than' the working class as the leading Vancouver Committee the culmination of a fusion process feminism and the social-democratic :-.iew element in the revolution. The underlying between the Canadian Committee of the Democratic Party. and in part as a result method of the "new rise of world In a parallel development, individuals iSt (CCiSt) and the Bolshevik-Leninist of the attraction exerted by the "revolu­ revolution" schema is objectivism i.e., from the campus and left milieus were Tendency. expelled left opposition of the tionary" posturing of the LSA's factional denial of the need for a politically self­ recruited to the CCiSt in Vancouver. The Revolutionary Marxist Group. This opponents within the USec. conscious working class. embodied in a Vancouver comrades energetically car­ principled fusion. and the parallel recruit­ mass Leninist party. to intervene in the ried out exemplary work around issues ment of individuals out of the Pabloist Seeking a leftist alternative to the historical process. such as the British Columbia strike wave and left milieus in Toronto and Vancou­ LSA's rcformism. the RCT turned to and a campaign against deportations and ver. laid the basis for the founding of the what is now known as the International the government's racist "Green Paper" on TLC. Majority Tendency (I MT) of the USec on Bolshevik-Leninist Tendency immigration. This work provoked polem­ The composition of the TLC reflects a largely impressionistic basis. Subjected ics against the CCiSt in the papers of the the success of the iSt's regroupment in its formative stages to ferocious and The Bolshevik-Leninist Tendency Communist Party and the Stalinist tactic. One third of the founding member­ hysterical bureaucratic repression by the (B-LT) was formed in August 1974 as an Canadian Party of Labour. ship were former members of the mis­ LSA leadership, the RCT sought allies on indigenous left-wing oppositional tend­ The conference adopted as a central named "United Secretariat of the Fourth the negative basis of hostility to the LSA's ency of the RMG. It waged a consistent task the early publication of a regular International" (USec) in Canada-­ class-collaborationist "mass campaign" struggle against the R M G's rightward Canadian newspaper of the iSt. Spar/a­ primarily its centrist affiliate. the Revolu­ po!itics, rejection of the LSA's tail ism drift and demanded an immediate split cist Canada will initially have the charac­ tionary Marxist Group (RMG). This cat­ toward the )'I;DP, and even cliquist between the centrist I MT and the refor­ ter of a Canada-centered supplement to egory includes seven founding members antagonism toward the LSA's "regime." mist wing of the USee led by the U.S. Workers VanKuard. expanding to meet of the RMG, one of whom had been a full Socialist Workers Party and the LSA. the needs of the organization as it grows. member of the RMG Central Committee. The RCT never felt obliged to examine The B-L T rejected the centrism of the Another third of the TLC membership the positions of tendencies outside the I MT and called for a return to the A central concern of the conference had been on the periphery of the RMG, USec; instead, it embraced the centrist program of Trotskyism. The focal points was transcending the Menshevist and attending its study classes and other politics of the USec majority. With the of this struggle were the necessity for :-.iew Leftist functioning of the RMG and activities. expulsion, split of the RCT and its fusion international democratic centralism, for a LSA and re-establishing'Bolshevik stand­ The TLC seeks to establish itself as the with the Red Circle arid Old Mole serious communist intervention in the ards of professionalism in all aspects of clear pole of authentic Trotskyism in groupings, the RMG was founded in unions centering on caucuses based on the life of the revolutionary organization. Canada-through exemplary work in the 1973. The group's attempt to "integrate" the Transitional Program, and rejection The conference pledged to extend the trade unions, on the campuses and itself into the I MT was the starting point of the I MTs Pabloist positions on key TLCs interventions in trade-union, around important issues such as immigra­ for its political degeneration and the international questions: the I MTs politi­ immigration and campus work. The tion. racism and legal defense, and by erosion of its healthiest political impUlses. cal support for guerri\.la warfare, its continued tactic of revolutionary re­ exposing the opportunist tendencies Faction-ridden from its inception. the failure to call for political revolution in groupment was recognized as vital to the which masquerade as "Trotskyists," RMG proved incapable of seriously the Cuban and Indochinese deformed continued development of the TLC. particularly the RMG and the Leaguefor addressing the fundamental questions of workers states. and its support for Socialist Action (LSA). program and strategy underlying its popular frontism. The B-L T fusion and establishment of The stabilization of the TLC as a opposition to the LSA's reformism. a Vancouver group represent a deepening fighting propaganda group (laying the At the March 1975 convention of the of the iSt's roots in the Canadian political basis for its transformation into the The RMG made no investigation of the RMG, the B-LT was expelled on an terrain and lay the basis for stabilizing an nucleus of the vanguard party in Canada) Bolshevik heritage embodied in the early explicitly political basis, proving that the authentic Bolshevik propaganda league will require sharp polemical struggles Comintern and Trotsky'S Fourth Interna­ RMG's "assimilation" of the IMTs in Canada. Taking its place as a sympa­ against the ostensibly Marxist tendencies. tional. I nstead, it squabbled over the methodology included not only its poli­ thizing section within the ranks of the The origins of the TLC itself lay in just proper application of the I MTs revision­ tics but its bureaucratic organizational international Spartacist tendency, the such a process. ist politics to Canada. The R M G's first practices as well. TLC has a heavy responsibility to the two years have been marked by futile and Canadian working class and to the Origin of the RMG rather comic efforts to "locate," "crystal­ With the expUlsion of the B-L T, the reforging of the Fourth International as In 1971-72 a left opposition crystallized lize," "politicize" and "penetrate" the CCiSt and B-L T began a period of joint the indispensable instrument of the world in the LSA, at that time the only elusive "broad vanguard" which the I MT work and discussion which revealed that proletariat's coming victory .•

On Tour for the "MFA·Peo~le Alliance": I.S. Promotes Portuguese Syndicalists EDITOR'S ;'I.'OTE: We reprint heloH International under Lenin (and of the revolutionaries," much as the Socialist "First National Congress in Favor of excerpts/rolll a recent Spartacist LeaKue Fourth International led by Trotsky) Workers Party sought to gain popularity Revolutionary Councils of Workers. leaf7et entitled" What Is the Proletarian which was a centralized world party of in the early 1960's by tailing after Castro, Soldiers and Sailors" (CRTSM) last RCI'olurionary Party:'" socialist revolution. the hero of the hour among petty­ April. However, aside from a few dele­ The IS is not part of a disciplined bourgeois radicals. But who are the gates from workplaces where the PRP The only thing international about the international tendency. nor does it seek to Portuguese revolutionaries, and what are has a base, the "Congress" was almost International Socialists (IS) is its name. build one. Its idea of internationalism is their policies? exclusively made up of non-delegated The IS' refusal to defend the Soviet Union best exemplified by periodic gatherings The IS assigns the role of vanguard to supporters of the PRP. Although a (which it considers a "bureaucratic sponsored by the French syndicalist­ the Proletarian Revolutionary Party second congress of the CRTSM was held collectivist" class society) against imperi­ Trotskyoid Lutte Ouvriere. These cir­ (PR P), claiming that this group "is racing in early August (attended by an observer alist attack is a capitulation before the cuses are attended by such disparate to become the mass revolutionary party from the international Spartacist tenden­ imperialist bourgeoisie. It demonstrates a groups as the Spanish POU M, Italian that is desperately necessary" in Portugal cy), the ~'revolutionary councils" remain total incapacity to recognize the vital Maoist-syndicalists, the lunatic NCLC (Workers' Power supplement, 4-17 Sep­ little more than a front group for the importance to the international working (on at least one occasion) and the social­ tember). The PRP began as a srudent­ PRP, and are considered as such by the class of preserving the tremendous democratic IS duo. After roundly de­ "New Leftist" hodgepodge coalescing in rest of the Portuguese left. economic and social conquests of the nouncing each other for a few hours, the late 1973 with, according to the IS, a The most dangerous aspect of the October Revolution, which remain in participants return home to brag about "revolutionary base line" consisting of PRP's policy is its support (first veiled) force despite usurpation of political their wide range of international contacts. "an amalgam of Lenin, Trotsky and for the "progressive sectors" of the M FA. power by a bureaucratic caste. The IS' latest get-rich-quick scheme to Luxemburg, with some anarcho­ In the summer of 1974, rather than The IS' anti-internationalism is also recruit "real workers" centers on a phony syndicalist tendencies" (International denounce the bourgeois character of the expressed in its Menshevik distortion of "agitational" campaign of "impressive Socialism, April 1975) .... M FA and warn the working class that democratic centralism. Its slogan of rallies." To kick things off it has organ­ Repeatedly denouncing "infighting" on despite its leftist demagogy the military "freedom of criticism'~ of the party line in ized a nationwide tour with a delegate of the left and bemoaning "divisions in the officer corps represents the class enemy·, public-more accurately translated as the "Revolutionary Councils of Workers, working class" (interview with a PRP the PRP requested that "the M FA take a "do your own thing"-is embodied in the Soldiers and Sailors" in Portugal. This supporter in Workers' Power, 19 J une-2 consistent position within the class spectacle of British and American Inter­ tour is a perfect example of the hollow­ JUly)-divisions and contlict which are struggle ... and that it abandon the national Socialists taking divergent posi­ ness of the IS' pretensions. It is an attempt the inevitable result of political struggle moderating 'centrism' which will inevita­ tions and even attacking each other in to gain adherents on the basis of being the for a correct revolutionary policy-the bly lead to its own dissolution ..." their press. This is in flat contradiction to "best" (i.e., the most enthusiastic and PRP sought to create "autonomous" (Revolu(,iio, 19 July 1974). But all it took the norms of the early Communist uncritical) supporters of "the Portuguese workers organizations by calling the continued on page 8

19 SEPTEMBER 1975 7 the "Big Three" (with Truman now ble for Yalta and Potsdam they did not CDS party. This same "courageous From Yalta to replacing Roosevelt). seek global peaceful coexistence with the soldier" on March 7 arrested the elected class enemy. On the contrary. the party of Stalin did not fight for the unification Maoist leaders of the Chemical Workers of the German proletariat, potentially the Lenin and Trotsky saw diplomacy as a LJ nion. and on May 29 ordered a massive Helsinki ... most powerful revolutionary force in necessary extension of class war. They dragnet jailing of 500 members of the (continued./i"om page 6) Europe. On the contrary, he fought to were at times forced to accept tactical M RPP. accusing them of being "coun­ terrevolutionary" for opposing the MFA. Axis armies and their various quisling divide up the working class and to suck retreats. as at Brest-Litovsk; at other regimes. The resistance was largely onerous reparations, including thousands times they took advantage of inter­ More recently. the PRP's inability to Stalinist-dominated and the most comba­ of factories, from the industrial center of imperialist rivalries to strike favorable draw a clear class line against the tive sectors of the workers were armed. Europe. Like the Morgenthau Plan trade agreements for their economically demagogic left ist officers of the M FA was The bourgeoisie rightly feared for its (eventually dropped by the U.S.), Stalin's backward and isolated workers state. as revealed in the formation of the so-called state, as the governmental apparatus had plans for Germany aimed at reducing it to at Genoa and Rapallo. But the Bolsheviks "revolutionary united front." This class­ almost universally collaborated with the "a pastoral existence." All of the partici­ never traded the revolution. collaborationist coalition with several Nazis and was identified in the minds of pants at Potsdam feared a revolutionary Lenin and Trotsky engaged in other leftist parties was explicitly com­ the masses with the horrors of war and Germany. diplomatic maneuvers. but they spoke the mitted to support for the government and fascism. With the imminent collapse of revolutionary truth to the workers of the policies of Premier General Vasco Gon­ As the Militanr, newspaper of the then­ Hitler, the building momentum of a world. Inscribed on their banner was the I;alves (see ItT No. 76. 12 September). It revolutionary U.S. Socialist Workers proletarian upsurge promised to erupt slogan. "Down with Secret Diplomacy." also called for the creation of a front Party, wrote on 24 February 1945: into full-scale social revolution in a and in one of the first official acts of the including the :\1 FA and hailed the "Their [i.e .. the Big Three's] published number of European countries. victorious 1917 Russian Revolution. the "COPCON document" as "the working plans for Germany are c not solely de­ So Churchill and Roosevelt had more signed to crush German militarism or to Bolsheviks opened the tsar's secret basis for elaborating a revolutionary on their minds at the beginning of 1945 eliminate Germanv as an industrial rival. archives to display the predatory deals political program" (/Jiario de NOlicias. 26 than taking Berlin and defeating Japan. They are primariiy constructed to keep that led to World War I. The Leninists of August). This "COPCON document" the German masses in chains in order to today must continue to uphold this takes a "left" line in the recent wrangling They were thinking about France, where prevent them from overthrowing capital­ Liberation in the latter half of 1944 ism and establishing a workers republic program. demanding to know the con­ among the top officers. calling for involved not only the Normandy invasion on the ruins of Hitler's Reich. In their tents of the secret talks between Ford and "establishing and recognizing village, but also the French working class, eyes a far greater danger than either Brezhnev on Portugal! factory. and neighborhood councils that Hitlerism or Junker militarism is Com­ including a railway strike against the Just as at the end of World War I the will be organs through which the workers munism. which both Churchill and Stalin can make decisions to solve their own occupation forces. The armed resistance have already designated by its proper strangling of proletarian revolution by movement tried and executed thousands contemporary name of Trotskyism." the imperialists and their social­ problems" (see Inlercuntinenlal Press. 15 democratic collaborators created the September). of Nazi collaborators as liberation com­ The criminal division of Germany not conditions for the rise of fascism and for But who is to do the recognizing? For mittees sprang up to run minicipalities. only struck a blow against proletarian all its talk of "autonomous workers The region of Marseilles had already revolution, thereby preparing the World War II, Yalta and Potsdam provided the groundwork for World War organizations," the PRP'ssupport for the begun nationalizations. grounds for a new world war. but it also The postwar diplomacy of Stalinism COPCON document (allegedly written Roosevelt and Churchill were also provided a propaganda theme for re­ Ill. is not so much a record written in pen and by officers who support the PR P) comes worried about Italy where Badoglio, the vanchist German nationalists. At the ink as one drawn in the workers' blood. It down to repeated calls for the "alliance butcher of Ethiopia who had replaced Helsinki conference it was divided Ger­ is the diplomacy of betrayal.. between the Armed Forces Movement Mussolini in a palace coup in 1943, could many that occasioned the only public and the people." Comrades, Gonl;alves not contain the militant workers of the display of discord. When Erich Honeck­ (whose last government you supported industrial cities of the North. Strikes er, premier of the German Democratic along with the Communist Party) contin­ wracked Torino and Milano, and the Republic (GDR), stated that "inviolabili­ Portuguese uously broke strikes. jailed unionists and traditions of 1920 would be relived in ty of frontiers is the decisive point," the leftists and suppressed the freedom of the 1945 with widespread factory occupa­ social-democratic chancellor of West press for those who sharply attacked the tions. This time tens of thousands of Germany, Helmut Schmidt, retorted, "no Syndicalists. MFA. The M FA itself is now preparing fascists were shot. nation in Europe is more keenly aware • • (continued from page 7) to demonstrate to all (including even the Churchill was particularly anxious than the Germans of the dangers arising IS and PRP) its bonapartist bourgeois about Greece where a large guerrilla from the division of our continent" (Nell was a single nod from one of the character by brutally repressing soldiers' movement led by the CP-dominated York Times. 31 July). "progressive" generals for the PRP to committees and carrying out a massive National Liberation Front (EAM) ap­ However much Stalin's epigones may abandon ils centrism and line up solidly purge of leftist elements within the armed peared to be on the verge of successfully dream of permanently locking up a behind the M FA. When General Otelo forces. Here is the "MFA-People Alli­ defeating the Italian and German armies. division of Europe. seeking to contractu­ Saraiva de Carvalho announced at a press ance" in practice! But tragically for the Greek workers and ally prohibit revolution and counterrevo­ conference that he was not opposed to If the IS sees in the PR P a kind red peasants, Stalin had al1-eady agreed that lution. in the final analysis two Europes soldiers participating in the congress of spirit. this is no doubt because of the they would belong to the British "sphere are as impossible as the reconciliation of the CRTSM. Rel'olurao (8 May 1975) latter's theoretical eclecticism. its organi­ of influence." So as the Axis occupation the interests of the proletariat and the wrote warmly. "And we underline the zational Menshevism (the PR P supporter armies collapsed, the British moved in to bourgeoisie. Only a Trotskyist party can courage of this soldier, who is always interviewed in Workers' Power referred replace them. Later, after the EAM was provide a revolutionary answer to the ready to advance. without fear." to his organization as "more like ~ defeated, Churchill would thank Stalin German question-for defense of the Indeed. Carvalho has always been federation" than a cadre organization. for keeping his part of the bargain: East German deformed workers state ready to advance without fear, against the adding "we admit all militants immedi­ "Stalin adhered strictly and faithfully to against imperialism. for political revolu­ \lorkers. It was Carvalho ;'vho sent his our agreement of October and in all the ately"), and its capitulation to w_hatever is tion in the G DR to oust the parasitic Continental Operations Command long weeks of fighting the communists in popular at the moment. The American IS bureaucrats and social revolution in the (COPCON) troops against the TAP the streets of Athens not one word of has had its share of illusions about the reproach came from Pravda or Izvestia." West-thereby undercutting the reac­ airline strikers and striking employees of MFA. as has the PRP. In Workers' quoted in Ian Birchall. Wurkers tionaries' calls for a capitalist reintegra­ the lornal do Comercio in September POH'er of 27 March-9 April it made the Against the Monolith tion of the divided nation. 1974. It was Carvalho's COPCON that on absurd claim that Portugal differed from The surrender of the EAM leadership As the Trotzkistische Liga November 4 of last year arrested the top Chile in that a wing of the military had coincided with the signing of the Yalta Deutschlands (TLD), German section of leadership of the Maoist MRPP for decisively broken from capitalism: "It will agreement. the international Spartacist tendency. has attacking an office of the ultra-rightist not intervene to save the rule of capital. as Stalin kept hi~ bargains elsewhere as written: in Chile-rather it is committed. along well. In France the CP entered the "Despite its continuing topicality. the DeGaulle government and disarmed the question of the German nation has been with the CP, to strip away the property. resistance organizations and militias. The taken over bv the reactionaries for their and profits and the power of the Portu­ Stalinist leadership used its influence in evil aims. Th~ theme is hardly mentioned guese capitalists." Characteristically. the by the social democrats any more. The British IS denounced. in a friendly social­ the trade unions to push for more GDR bureaucracv meanwhile has en­ productivity in the name of the govern­ riched its betrayais of the working class democratic sort of way. its American ment of"N ational Salvation," coining the with a new act. The 1974 GDR constitu­ cousins' view of the CP. pointing out that slogan: "One State, One Army, One tion ciropped the concept of a 'German several preconditions for a Stalinist, nation' and speaks of a 'socialist nation in Police Force." Similarly in Italy, the CP takeover in Portugal are absent, but said the G DR.' It thereby clearly expressed its nothing about its own views on the role of offered to join the Badoglio government lack of a policy for the achievement of the after the Soviet Union recognized it in unity of the German working class. since the MFA (see Imernational Socialism, 1944, thus effectively derailing the work­ recognition of two German nations May 1975). Now, however, it hails the implies recognizing a division of the ers' struggle. "historic united front of revolutionary German proletariat. ... and other political parties" in Portugal, in "Because of the firm integration of the particular the participation in it by the Potsdam: Dividing Germany G DR in the East bloc and of the Federal Republic of Germany in the capitalist CP, and opines that it could lead to "real Despite Stalin's proven willingness to economic and military alliances, a revolu­ workers' councils through which the sell out revolutions, the Yalta conference tionary rising would mean the massive working class could take state power. .. " could not ameliorate the fundamental destruction of ' peaceful coexistence' in its (Socialist Worker, 30 August). class hostility between the Soviet Union totalitv .... " --- Kommunistische Korrespon- Despite their differences. both British and imperialism, a contradiction rooted den: No.8, June 1975 and American I nternational Socialists in the antagonistic property forms. Nor It is the Trotskyists' call for revolutionary are attempting to capitalize on a vague could it remove the deeply embedded reunification in a soviet republic of petty-bourgeois radical sympathy for inter-imperialist rivalry between the U.S. Germany, not the Stalinists' pipe dreams "the Portuguese Revolution." This means and Britain. By the Potsdam conference, of "political detente" epitomized by the adaptation. not only to the Castroist­ held outside Berlin in July 1945, "Anglo­ betrayals at Potsdam and Yalta, that syndicalist PRP but also to the Stalinist American Imperialism" had given way to points the way forward to proletarian CP and the demagogic "left" officers of U.S. A-bomb hegemony. revolution in Europe. the M FA. A Marxist vanguard, in It was at Potsdam that the "cold war" contrast, would organize a Trotskyist began. It was here that the World War H Bolshevism va. Stalinism General Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, party to steel the working class against the "anti-fascist alliance" broke down and the head of elite COPCON strike force, bourgeoisie (including the MFA) and the victorious imperialist powers lined up The revolutionary Bolsheviks also sat jailer of Maoists and uni~nists, darling treacherous reformist parties. against the Soviet Union. It was also at at conference tables with the imperialists, ot the PRP and other "far left" groups Potsdam that Germany was carved up by but unlike the Stalinists who are responsi-' in Portugal. . 15 September 1975 8 WORKERS VANGUARD turism ofPL CAR. which has consistent­ of the Committee's ploys was to provoke Boston ... Iy substituted its limited forces for a the Boston Teachers Union (BTU) into a genuine and necessary mobilization by strike with twofold intent: to throttle the Chicago Teachers ... (continuedfrom page 12) the labor movement and black communi­ teachers economically and delay or halt (continuedfrom page 2) been bound over to a Suffolk County ty to defend the buses and endangered Phase Two. Having settled with other grand jury. Given the August IJ threat of black school children. we vehemently unions. the School Committee offered an news coverage in the local media, at­ District Attorney Garrett H. Byrne that denounce this racist repression. We insulting 6 percent. pay raise minus the tempts to whip up a student and commu­ CAR PL "outside agitators" would be extend solidarity to all the victimized pro­ cost of last year's arbitration award­ nity furor against the two strikes have brought before a grand jury. the Suffolk busing and anti-racist militants. including which they peg at $7.1 million. largely thus far met with dismal results. Even County hearings could well be the start of members of the Greater Bo~on People wiping out last year's wage increase -plus Jesse Jackson's notoriously anti-labor a massive witchhunt against anti-racist Against Racism and the Cambridge demanding additional hours at work. "black capitalist" Operation PU S H has forces. The blatant bias of police arrests Tenants Organizing Committee whowere At a mass meeting September 2. the come out in support of the striking makes clear once again that no trust can among those arrested defending black BTU leadership responded to these teachers. be placed in the "protection" provided by families at the Maverick Square housing attacks by urging a strike delay until The key need at this moment is to link the bourgeois state. The Spartacist project in East Boston. Drop all the September 22. While justifying the delay the strikes of the public school and League reaffirms the call it has been charges! by claiming that they do not want to upset community college teachers. and for the singular in championing throughout the The Boston School Committee. having the opening of school and busing. the teachers to take the lead in fighting last year in Boston: build integrated lost its anti-bus'ing appeals in the courts. union leadership's real hope is to dump against discriminatory hiring/ upgrading, defense guards based on the unions and has resorted to foot-dragging and deliber­ the negotiations into Judge Garrity's lap. de facto racial segregation, and substand­ black organizations to ensure the safety ate obstruction. Over the summer. Judge Garrity has already been formally asked ard facilities and staffing in minority-area of bused school children and black Garrity was forced to take up hundreds of by the State Board of Education and a schools. A Spartacist League leaflet people. details of school administration. issuing group of black parents to force the School distributed to thousands of the striking Although the Spartacist League op­ scores of orders on matters normally Committee to forestall the strike and the teachers earlier in the week underlined the poses the provocative and stupid adven- handled by the School Committee. One BTU leadership is quite eager for a court­ key demands: ordered settlement, avoiding the difficult "1\\1 injunctions. lines. and criminal task of a militant strike. charges' against officers of the CCCTU In its latest meeting with BTU repres­ must be dropped immediately. The entire entatives. the School Board escalated its Chicago-area labor movement must be prepared to take action to guarantee demands. insisting on dropping class size this." restrictions and eliminating sick leave and Although Swenson claims support and Greetings to Weekly other benefits won by school aides last financial backing from the Chicago year. They also instructed the payroll Federation of Labor (CFL). neither he. department to inform the union that first CTU President Robert Healey nor the paychecks due September 16 would not CFL have yet taken any serious steps be ready till the 23rd. one day afier the toward mobilizing labor action on WORKERS BTU strike deadline! behalf of the teachers. Overwhelming The reformist and evasive maneuvers rank-and-file support for the strikes was of the BTU tops have been exposed by a demonstrated by the turnout of 5.000 militant teacher. Bob Pearlman. who teachers and supporters at a CTU rally at advanced a motion at the September 2 the Board of Education offices Wednes­ VANGUARD meeting calling for an aggressive strike day, after which 600 of the demonstrators policy. coupled with concrete steps to gathered outside Cook County jail to mobilize support from the black commu­ demand Swenson's release. nity. He called for an immediate strike. Even a partial mobilization of Dear comrades, and for the union to rescind its stand for a Chicago's powerful industrial unions (the one-year delay of Phase Two. support The newly founded Trotskyist League of Canada greets with U A Wand Steelworkers among others) immediate implementation of busing great enthusiasm the weekly Workers Vanguard. The transfor­ could assure Swenson's immediate free­ including the suburbs. and take the lead dom and a speedy strike settlement. mation from bi-weekly to weekly constitutes a very important in organizing an integrated defense guard However, an official of the Steelworkers step forward in the continuing growth of our international drawn from the unions and the black is heading up the strikebreakers from his tendency. In the past the bi-weekly Workers Vanguard was community. position as president of the Board of central to the work of our predecessor organization, the In contrast, a leaflet signed "Con­ Education! Yesterday the CCCTU re­ Canadian Committee of the international Spartacist tendency cerned Teachers," supported by the treated by paying the outrageous $45,000 Maoist October League, drew the logical and of the Bolshevik-Leninist Tendency, expelled left opposi­ court-ordered punitive fine (which con­ conclusion to the bureaucracy's do­ tion of the Revolutionary Marxist Group. The weekly Workers tinues to mount), and the CTU\ Healey nothing evasions and argued against any Vanguard will be invaluable to the work in Canada and the looks to Democratic Mayor Daley to strike at all, saying "we call for continued source of inspiration for us in the launching of Spartacist arbitrate a settlement. Daley's answer to Canada. Forward to the Rebirth of the Fourth International! negotiations up to and including arbitration"! Healey. after a week of nimble equivoca­ tion. was forthcoming yesterday: go back Comradely greetings, The most grotesque event surrounding to work, accept the Board's offer and ''I'm Phase Two and a possible strike was a Trotskyist League of Canada sure the [state] legislature will do all it can tiny march by the Revolutionary U nion­ to help" 12 Septem­ led "Committee for a Decent Education" (Chicago Tribune, ber). It is not Daley's hypocritical (CDE) on September 8. Through this SUUS: promises but only labor's strength that group the cravenly opportunist Maoist will free Swenson and achieve strike Welcome to the weekly Workers Vanguard!! RU has been seeking a niche as the "left victories .• Congratulations to the comrades of the Spartacist League of wing" of the racist, anti-busing mobiliza­ the United States who have made it possible!! tion. On the first day of Phase Two. the The Spartacist League of Australia and New Zealand, which CDE marched on Judge Garrity's court­ , SL/SYL has always used Workers Vanguard as a vital supplement to its room calling for a strike to "shut down "' own press, looks forward to the more effective revolutionary tool the schools" and "stop Phase Two." In a chant that would have warmed the hearts PUBLIC OFFICES that will be available to us in a weekly. But Workers Vanguard's of Nazis and the Klan. they brayed "From Revolutionary Literature primary purpose is in consolidating the United States section of Hyde Park to Mattapan, stop Phase Two the international Spartacist tendency as the nucleus of a any way we can." A bilingual flyer put out BAY AREA Leninist vanguard party. It is as a crucial step in the development by the CDE called for a "strike-a of the United States section that the commencement of weekly Friday } fighting citywide movement that will shut and 3:00-6:00 p.m. publication is a contribution towards the establishment of the down the schools until we've stopped Saturday International Trotskyist League and towards the reforging of the Phase Two ...." In other words. the 330-40th Street Fou rth International. RU ,-CDE is calling for a repeat in Boston of Louisville's racist anti-busing riots last (near Broadway) Spartacist League of weekend in which many backward white Oakland, California Australia and New Zealand. workers stayed away from work as part of Phone 653-4668 a reactionary mobilization against school CHICAGO 2 September 1975 integration! Moreover. the CDE leaflet did not mention it single demand for gains Tuesday 4:00-8:00 p.m. by the teachers! The RU's bellycrawling Saturday 2:00-6:00 p.m. For the Spartacus Youth League building the weekly Workers pursuit of influence with the racists will 650 South Clark Vanguard represents an immediate responsibility as well as an long be remembered and despised by all Second floor exciting anticipation of the increased capacity of our common class-conscious workers. Chicago, Illinois movement to lead and shape social struggles. To those students • For immediate implementation of Phone 427-0003 and youth who are disgusted by this rotting capitalist society busing-include the suburbs! which can offer them no task worth their expenditure of heart, • Mobilize labor to defend the buses! For NEW YORK mind and energy, the SYL offers the program of revolutionary integrated defense guards based on the Monday } Marxism and the vision of a communist future that are embodied unions and black organizations! No through 3:00-7:30 p.m. in the pages of the finest and only Trotskyist weekly in the world. reliance on police. troops. marshals Friday Our enthusiastic greetings therefore convey an undaunted and courts! Saturday 1 :00-4:00 p.m. determination to go forward with the weekly Workers Vanguard! • for a' BTU strike to defend the just 260 West Broadway economic demands of the teachers! The Room 522 Spartacus Youth League BTU must drop its anti-busing position New York, New York Youth section of the Spartacist League/U.S. and demand immediate implementa- . \.. Phone 925-5665 tion of busing!. ~ '-1fSEPTEMBER 1975 9 members serve in a new cabinet "as recallahlc at an\' time. in order to front \\as the Internationalist Communist individuals." HowC\er. CP tops are mohili/e the entire \\orkin!! chi'" in league (I.CI). Portuguese sympathi/ing Portugal ... having real difficulties keeping the mem­ dekme of ih (H!!ilni/dtion,. \bo nl'l'e,­ ,an is the armir~g of the pr()ictariat and orga nil:l t ton of t he fa ke-Trotskyist (co III il1uedji'om paRe 12) bership locked into a popular front with the formation of \\ orker, militia,. a, \\cll "United Secretariat" (USec) of Ernest sectors of the bourgeoisie. According to a, thL' ,plitting 01 the al'll1\ h\ lormin,l! to prnent pictures from being taken. M,lndel & Co. the .\ClI }'()rk Tillles (12 September). the ,oldieI" committee, In npp'hitioll to the The LCI sought to cmer its tracks by since most of the soldiers came without CP • cnll1ll1and ,tructurl' 01 till: hour!!eoi, militarY. ~ simultaneously issuing a separate press permission and even against orders. "corlte\led the Popular De[l1ocrah' right statement disagreeing \\ ith some of the Those at Viana de Castelo were locked in to he in a Cahinet. accusinl! the centri,t .... \ corilll1and center. too. " needed lor and had to crawl over the barracks wall in part\' ofheing 'agaimt the re~ lliution' and such a proictarian rcsi,tanL't: and must he key points of the communique it had just formed h\' unit\inl! the \\orker, counciLs. order to get to the demonstration. The of hil\ inl! fomented the attacb al!ainst signed (see WI :-';0. 76. 12 September). Commur~i,t headljuarters in the no~rth 01 ,oldicrs c(Hlrlciis. s'Clf-ddemc group, into marchers occasionally yelled out slogans a national so\'ict, the hasis for a \\orkcrs notably the call for inclusion of the MFA Portul!al in the last few \\ecb. which it considered "not a re\olutionarv against the rightist officers: "Get the "The (-ommunists appeared to he hay ing !!O\'ern me nt." fascists out of t he barracks!"; "Down with a prohlcm \\ ith their own militants as well , WI "0. 75.29 Augu,t 1975 force." !\;ow the USec. too. has expressed Charais. apprentice Pinochet!": and as with ri\al group, on the left. \\hich But while soldiers committees are now itself on the "revolutionary popular "Portugal will not be the Chile of have accused them 01 hctra\,al. The being formed. while workers are now united front" and has added a few more \\eckh Tempo said today there was a criticisms of the document: it is not Europe!" When a note from Army Chief cri,i, of leadership. \\ ith the secretary demanding arms. none of the ostensibly of Staff General Carlos Fabiao condemn­ l!encra!. Aharo Cunha!. hcinl!challcrwed revolutionary parties in Portugal has specific enough on government policy. in ing the demonstration as "counterrevolu­ by some of his lieutenants."~ ~ proved capable of giving the Marxist effect it supports the government, doesn't approach the Socialist Party (SP). it tionary" was read to the crowd. the Apparently. the ranks of the CP are not leadership necessary to form soviets and serves the C P's aim of pressuring compro­ soldiers shouted back "Down with happy about being in a government with a lead them to power. The reason is clear: mises from the rightists. etc. (lnTerconTi­ Fabiao!" bourgeois party whose local leaders only although the entire "far left" rejected the llenTal Press. 15 September). That same evening a group of leftist a few weeks ago were urging lynch mobs reformist Communist Party's open strike­ But nowhere does this resolution (or officers met with workers in Barjeiro. an to "kill the Communists"! Yet it is breaking. virtually everyone of the the statement by Ernest Mandel. or industrial suburb across the Tagus River precisely the policy of conciliating those various left social-democratic. Maoist. another by the French LCR) criticize the from Lisbon. "Workers chanted that they who will tomorrow be the butchers and syndicalist. anarchist and self-proclaimed action of the USec's Portuguese sympa­ wanted arms to 'defend the revolution.' hangmen for a counterrevolutionary Trotskyist groups had illusions in the left­ thizing section in joining this rotten front C ommu nist-cont rolled neigh borhood crackdown that is the essence of the posturing officers of the bourgeois MFA. and signing the August 25 communique! committees in the southern Algarve Stalinists' class-collaborationist policies. Thus when a crisis point was approach­ Moreover. in a recent attack on the region also issued statements requesting ing in late August the "far left" in Several weeks ago. after the burning of American Socialist Workers Party's guns from the government" said a UPI Portugal failed to fight for a unitary CP offices had subsided and the struggle craven apologies for the Portuguese SP dispatch (II September). It added. democratic representative organ of work­ shifted to a seemingly peaceful tug-of-war and the latter's fronting for a reactionary "officers did not respond to workers' ers power (a soviet) independent of the among the top generals and admirals. we anti-communist mobilization, the three demands for weapons. however." At the MFA. instead going along with a c1ass­ warned that in order to restore military main leaders of the USec majority­ Porto demonstration one speaker re­ collaborationist coalition to give poliTical discipline in the armed forces. the heart of Pierre Frank. Livio Maitan and Ernest portedly said that leftist military units support to Gon~alves! the bourgeois state. a massive purge of Mandel--explicitly pave the way for their would start giving guns to civilians. Two The August 25 communique signed by days later. the Lisbon paper A Luta leftist officers and crackdown against the Portuguese comrades' adherence to the soldiers woufd have to be instituted. no the various groups calls for support to August 25 prop to the popular front. reported that in recent weeks 1,000 Gon~alves' government program (includ­ automatic rifles had disappeared from matter how much the pro-NATO com­ Throughout their document. Man­ manders talked of their devotion to the ing a call for an austerity program aimed armories controlled by left-wing troops. del; Maitan Frank sharply separate the socialist cause. Now this purge crack­ at suppressing the workers' economic The Communist Party (CP) leadership struggle to build soviets from the fight for down is being carried out. struggles). to the so-called "COPCON is desperately grasping at the last threads working-class political independence. We also warned that document" (calling for local workers Thus: of influence and has agreed to let its councils "recognized" by the MFA. and "We have uncompromising political "If Portugal is to a\'oid hecoming another for strengthening the "M FA-People differences with the CP and S P; neverthe­ Chile (or another Spain. or another less. we are prepared to huild soviets with Indonesia), no confidence can be placed Alliance"), to the Gon~alves government (since ousted) and to the formation of a them. without demanding that they first SPARTACIST LEAGUE in the M FA or any sector of the bourgeois ahandon their faith in bourgeois democ­ officer corps to defend the working future coalition including the Armed racy (SP) or in the ()ne-part~~ hureaucrat­ LOCAL DIRECTORY masses. It is necessary to organi;rc Forces Movement. Among the members ic ,vstem (the CPl. Shouldn't we be democratically elected workers co~ncils, ANN ARBOR ...... (313) 662-1548 of this treacherous class-collaborationist prep"ared to build with the comrades of c/o SYL, Box 592 Ann .A.rbor, MI 48107 BERKELEY/ OAKLAND ...... (415) 653-4668 Box 23372 Oakland, CA 94623 SUBSCRIPTION DRIVE STARTS BLOOMINGTON., (812) 332-3235 Indiana 47401 WORKERS VANGUARD is the exciting BOSTON ...... (617) 492-3928 and controversial weekly newspaper of Box 188 ...... (617) 436-1497 the Spartacist League. It presents the M.IT Station Build the Weekly Cambridge, MA 02139 viewpoint of Trotskyism, the revolution­ CHiCAGO ...... (312) 427-0003 ary Marxism of our time. Partisan and Box 6441, Main P.O. polemical, hard-hitting and scrupulous­ Chicago, IL 60680 ly honest, informative and provocative, CLEVELAND ...... (216) 621-3379 WV makes vivid and comprehensible the Box 6765, WfJllltEIIS complex social struggles which shape Cleveland, OH 44101 our world. DETROIT ...... 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10 WORKERS VANGUARD the I'RI'-HR. MES. LliAR. or LJDP. \\ithout fir~t demandinl! that the\' aban­ don their \ariOllS creed~ ~llPP()I:t to the \II-A .... " II1/crcul1Iil1cl1w/ PreIs. X Sep­ tl'mber 1975 The I.CI managed to get together at SWP Tops Provoke USee least \\ ith the CPo PR P. M ES and U! AR (among the signers of the August 25 cOll1ll1uniqul:). but it \\a~ not a ,(Hie( that they built' On the contrary. the ostensibl) IrohkYl,t LCI simply capitulated to the Majority on Portugal Stalinists and their illusions in the "progressive sectors of the M FA." The LeTs adherence to the "revolution­ The recent ;'\ational Conference of the hunt," SWP Discussion Bulletin Vol. 33. They state. "Just at the point when the ary popular united front" is a monument Socialist Workers Party (SWP) was :\ o. II. July 1975). classes in Portugal are polarizing for an to the USec's Pabloist liquidationism. generally a pretty routine affair. Some A "turn" to the labor movement was impending civil war. with the SP clearly and a proof that despite occasional 1.600 people, including 218 elected projected by the SWP leadership. In his giving left cover to the fascists and advcnturist forays the capitulationist delegates and nearly 300 "guests," at- "Party Tasks and Perspectives Report" imperialists, you talk of bourgeois elec­ logic of Pabloism leads straight into . tended the gathering. held in August in (SWP Discussion Bulletin Vol. 33, No.4, toral processes as if they were related to the arms of the reformists and the the Midwest. Among the guests was the June 1975), Barry Sheppard proclaimed democracy .... " bourgeoisie .• notorious Tim Wohlforth. who several that "our work in the unions is going to What is important about this docu­ months ago was dumped by the Workers help lay the programmatic foundations ment is not that it puts forward a correct League which he had created in his own for the future development of a c1ass­ position. I n fact, it does not put forward a Bay Area unpleasant image. All the documents struggle left wing in the union move­ correct position, but rather a politically presented by the SWP leadership were ment." Sound good? It isn't. Should the liq uidationist position which describes adopted without opposition (there was SWP succeed, in spite of the difficult the MFA as "the revolutionary move­ one abstention on the Political economic situation, in getting a foothold ment in the army" and the views of Teachers ... Resolution). in the unions, it will quickly provide a Portuguese Communist Party head Alva­ (continued ji-om page 2) The absence of much controversy can refutation of the workerist view that ro Cunhal as "essentially Marxist­ stamps and unemployment benefits. The be attributed in large measure to the SWP immersion in the workers movement Leninist, and, yes, Trotskyist." To be teachers have not attempted to develop leadership's prior application of a time­ generates a correct program. precise, the Weiss document is perfectly joint action and mutual support. in honored practice of bureaucratic organi­ The SWP envisages drawing workers Pabloist, and horribly reminiscent of the particular with the striking firemen. The zations: the political purge. In July of into the reformist campaigns that have SWP of the early 1960's. Thus: latter have been out since late August, 1974 the supporters of the International­ become the SWP stock in trade, and "One may not know from so far who these revolutionists in the M FA are and have threatened to call a sympathy strike ist Tendency (IT) were informed by the singles out Miller of the Mine Workers SWP that they had constituted them­ what their evolution has been. And one of all the city unions and today escalated and Sadlowski in the Steelworkers as cannot anticipate therefore what they will their tactics (with Teamsters' sanction) to selves as a "rival political party" and thus "developments in the unions that we want do next. But one can react to what they a militant attempt at blocking all truck placed the ITs 114 supporters outside the to keep an eye on." The purpose of the have done-that is, hail their revolution­ deliveries to the city. SWP (see WV No. 49, 19 July 1974). SWP's "proletarian orientation" is to ary acts. One is reminded with what joy become the advisor and left cover for out­ we witnessed Castro's victorious fight Finally, by simpiy demanding the The massive purge appeared to place a against Batista, although not one of us restoration of the April 15 agreement, the question mark over the continued "frater­ bureaucrats, thereby achieving some real could predict that he would go on to unions have resigned themselves in nal solidarity" of the SWP with the social weight to sell to the bourgeoisie. throw out the imperialists and socialize Cuba, effecting the first incursion of advance to a relative defeat, i.e., to "United Secretariat of the Fourth Inter­ The one hotly disputed question at the Conference was Portugal, and it was here proletarian revolution in the Western accepting nothing more than the status national" (USec), as the IT aligned itself hemisphere. In destroying Batista. Castro quo. with the USec's International Majority that the smoldering tensions within the had begun a process that necessarily The BFT and BT A leaderships, bowing Tendency (IMT) against the "Leninist­ USec came to the surface. The competing impelled him to socialism-it' he re­ to teacher "professionalism," have substi­ Trotskyist Faction" led by the SWP. The wings of the USec have flatly divergent mained a revolutionary. And he did." ttited a narrow "community" approach IT expUlsion was one more demonstra­ po.sitions on Portugal. An IMT spokes­ And later on: for a strategy of labor solidarity. Al­ tion that supporters of the reformist SWP man, member of the USec's English " ... And most recently, the Communists though it is absolutely necessary to and adherents of the centrist I MT cannot group, presented the IMT position, which of Vietnam have won their fight. True, the struggle would have been far less mobilize parents and students to support comfortably coexist within the same sees a revolutionary process as taking place within the Armed Forces Move­ costly without Stalinism, with a clear, the strike and to raise demands for quality national section. However, the fragile scientific. and revolutionary theory. But education, the teachers cut themselves off rotten bloc which contitutes the USec ment ( M FA). The S WP is distinguished the objective need for world socialism is from the real source of social power-the survived the SWP's blatantly provocative by an utterly social-democratic line which expressed precisely in the fact that with labor movement-if they only appeal to expUlsion of the IT. poses the "preservation of democratic all the mistakes that were made and will Berkeley's liberal community. rights" as a fig leaf for support to outright be made the revolution can still triumph." With the "disloyal" IT out of the way, Evidence of this weakness was reactionary elements. The Weiss document is an excellent the role of "toyal opposition" fell to long­ abundant at a strike rally held on Aside from the small English reference point for marking the degenera­ time SWPer Milton Alvin. It was a rather September 9. The BFT and BT A presi­ delegation, there were virtually no repre­ tion of the SWP. For in the early 1960's. lonely job. The little support he got came dents limited their remarks to the usual sentatives of the I MT present at the Murray and Myra Weiss were part of a from the remnant of the IT which appeals for community solidarity. Jeff Conference. The Portugal discussion rightist pole within the SWP. They now followed the I MTs instruction to accept illuminated the reason Why. The I MT oppose the SWP from the left-not Mackler, executive secretary of the the politically suicidal course ofindividu­ Hayward AFT and occasional writer for spokesman protested the presence at the because they have moved left, but because al "reintegration" into the SWP. The the Socialist Workers Party's Militant, Conference of a leading member of the the SWP has moved past them, through fragmentation of the IT was evidenced by said that everyone should "stick together" Organisation Communiste lnternational­ centrism to reformism. The qualitative its greatly reduced numbers. Particularly _ but avoided any mention of broader iste (OCI)-a competitor to the USee's transformation was accomplished years notable was the absence at the convention trade-union strategy or even of the vital own group in France! This was the first ago; the recent National Conference only of former IT Coordinator Bill Massey, issue of public employees' right to strike. the delegates heard of the presence of an served to deepen and consolidate the who has discovered the "new mass As if to underscore the conscious OCI observer. (We have already analyzed hardened reformist appetite of the ex­ vanguard" in the crypto-Maoist sect of decision to limit this demonstration to a for our readers the close parallelism Trotskyist SWP.• Sam Marcy, the Workers World Party. liberal community pep rally, marshals between the SWP and OCI positions on guarding the stage (including prominent Alvin's main programmatic difference Portugal: see WV No. 75, 29 August SWPer Clifton DeBerry) refused to let a was opposition to the SWP's call for 1975.) In retaliation, the USec's French class-struggle militant and executive preferential layoffs (i.e., accepting mass section boycotted the SWP Conference YOUNG board memberfrom I L WU Local 6 read a layoffs and junking the seniority system entirely. statement of solidarity. The brother, Bob in order to preserve jobs for a few The reporter for the SWP position on SPARTACUS Mandel. told WVthat he had been invited minority-group and women workers). He Portugal noted that the two wings of the to speak by the BFT but was informed at proposed as an alternative the transition­ USec "would have been on different sides Current issue includes- the rally that his statement had to be read al demand for a shorter workweek with of the barricades." Leading SWPers took • Civil War in Angola by someone else because of a shortage of no loss in pay. Although Alvin's assertion a hard line in the discussion: Tom Kerry • No State Aid to Parochial Schools! time. His statement, calling for labor that the S W P has undergone "a process of stated that the differences between the • Mao Sacrifices Guerrillas on solidarity with the teachers, the right of abandoning or changing the Trotskyist factions are twenty years old; Joe Hansen Detente Altar all public employees to strike and the tradition, program and orientation" posed the rhetorical question of whether • SWP/YSA Defends "Right" of Free need for a workers government and elicited a heated response in the pre­ the IMT is "soft on Stalinism." The IMT Speech for Fascist Scum! planned economy, mysteriously disap­ Conference written discussion, his docu­ speaker in turn suggested that the SWP • Buckley Goes to Pot was "soft on social democracy." • Iranian Students Protest with peared and was never read by the rally ment ("Tradition, Orientation and Pro­ Hung~r Strikes organizers. gram," SWP Discussion Bulletin Vol. 33, This aggressively abrasive tone was A Spartacist League banner reading No.6, June 1975) put forward its pursued throughout the Conference. In "Victory to the Teachers' and Firemen's particular criticisms in an extremely non­ his "World Movement Report" SWP SUBSCRIBE NOW! Strikes! For a Workers' Committee to factional tone. head Jack Barnes characterized the IMT Investigate the City Books! For a • The closest Alvin came to a general as "infantile leftists" and "petty­ $2/11 issues Planned Economy under a Workers' critique was the somewhat wistful obser­ bourgeois radicals." Hansen's talk on Name ______Government!" stood in sharp contrast to vation that "there are far too many "James P. Cannon, the Internationalist" - Address ______the vague "togetherness" rhetoric and articles in the Militant that are strictly was also used as a forum for veiled attacks sub-reformism of the rally. It drew open news reports and make no demands. This on the IMT. City ______appreciation from several militants in­ is a mistake; we should advance transi­ An interesting postscript to the SWP State/Zip ______cluding a striking fireman who com­ tional slogans to a far greater extent than Conference is a document dated 30 i7 plained that everyone else was ignoring we have been." A particularly vitupera­ August 1975 and addressed to the SWP Make payable/mail to: the firemen's strike. The Spartacus Youth tive response from Tom Kerry prompted by Myra Tanner Weiss and Murray Spartacus Youth Publishing Co. League is conducting strike-support Alvin to object, "the spectacle of two old Weiss. These once-prominent former Box 825, Canal Street P.O. activities aimed at the city's high school men in the party engaged in such a dispute SWPers note that the SWP has placed New York, New York 10013 students .• is not a pretty one" ("Tom Kerry's Witch- itself "on the wrong side" in Portugal. 19 SEPTEMBER 1975 11 WIJIlIiEIiS "/1'/1'111)

MFA Cracks Down on Soldiers' Committees Portuguese Workers Demand Arms

ctl ~,-.., -v:--." ., ... " ..•.. -. '" •• SEPTE:vt BER 15 -Last week saw a ~r;>.tRa ~ :,,,=x_~ marked shift to the left among the most ... · combative sectors of the working masses ~ ~. ~ Sl1C fffl. fS:{1fJ 0..:" in Portugal. As the Armed Forces co 01 !\1O\cmcnt (M FA) turned right. prepar­ ..J ing a sharp crackdown against . leftist soldiers. the false unity of the "M FA­ Pcople Alliance" began to break down. Illusions of a socialist revolution carried out by the officer corps of the capitalist army are bcing dashed. For the first time. soldiers arc organizing on a mass scale independently of the M FA and against the military command structure. And from workers up and down the country comes the demand. "Give us guns to defend the revolution!" At the first meeting of the "Supreme Re\olutionary Council" (the leading body of the MFA) since it was "restruc­ tured" by eliminating former premier General Vasco Gon<;ahes and several of Soldiers march hi, supporters. the new top officers in "far left" moved to "tighten military discipline." A demonstration dccrec was issued forbidding news media in Lisbon to pUblish political statements by individ­ last June. uals or units in the military except for members of the Council and the chiefs of staff. Partly intended to silence General Gon<;alves. its main aim was to impose a aviation units protest the posItIons of But the Lisbon press has unanimously far away as Tancos and Coimbra in the blackout on any information about their hierarchical superior. ..." reported rejectcd the censorship decree and the central military region. and even a unrest among the soldiers and sailors. Le ,\Jande ( 10 September). Although the soldiers and sailors continue to organize. delegation from the Light Artillery When. in August. division com­ recently instituted "Democratic Unit The most dramatic evidence of unrest in Regiment No. I (RAL-I). which guards manders openly threatened insubordina­ Assemblies" are purely advisory. the idea the ranks came at a demonstration the approach to the capital against a tion and even a coup against Gon­ of letting the soldiers vote on their orders against the new military rulers held in "March on Lisbon" by reactionaries from <;ahes. their ranks began to speak back. was so disruptive to bourgeois military Porto on the night of September 10. At the consenative northern region. "One could see a captain. a delegate in the discipline that one commander. General the head of a march of thousands were The sold iers demonstrated in silence. !\1 FA Assembly. reply in opposition to Franco Charais who heads the central 1.500 uniformed soldiers in military occasionally broken by the whistled his superior: soldiers from Angola contest region. kept his troops constantly on formation behind a red banner with the refrain of the Internationale. A mobile the arrival of a dclegation from Luanda to maneuvers for days in order to prevent slogan "Soldiers United Will Win." squad of monitors circled the formation participate in the assembly of the army: them from meeting! Among the marchers were troops from as continued on page 10 Boston School Committee Obstructs Integration, Attacks Teachers

------SEPTEMBER 14-Phase Two busing Teddy." Tuesday saw the only organized .F~