Geophysical Studies Bearing on the Origin of the Arctic Basin
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Improved Bathymetric Portrayal of the Arctic Ocean
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L07602, doi:10.1029/2008GL033520, 2008 An improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for ocean modeling and geological, geophysical and oceanographic analyses Martin Jakobsson,1 Ron Macnab,2,3 Larry Mayer,4 Robert Anderson,5 Margo Edwards,6 Jo¨rn Hatzky,7 Hans Werner Schenke,7 and Paul Johnson6 Received 3 February 2008; revised 28 February 2008; accepted 5 March 2008; published 3 April 2008. [1] A digital representation of ocean floor topography is icebreaker cruises conducted by Sweden and Germany at the essential for a broad variety of geological, geophysical and end of the twentieth century. oceanographic analyses and modeling. In this paper we [3] Despite all the bathymetric soundings that became present a new version of the International Bathymetric available in 1999, there were still large areas of the Arctic Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) in the form of a digital Ocean where publicly accessible depth measurements were grid on a Polar Stereographic projection with grid cell completely absent. Some of these areas had been mapped by spacing of 2 Â 2 km. The new IBCAO, which has been agencies of the former Soviet Union, but their soundings derived from an accumulated database of available were classified and thus not available to IBCAO. Depth bathymetric data including the recent years of multibeam information in these areas was acquired by digitizing the mapping, significantly improves our portrayal of the Arctic isobaths that appeared on a bathymetric map which was Ocean seafloor. Citation: Jakobsson, M., R. Macnab, L. Mayer, derived from the classified Russian mapping missions, and R. -
Bathymetry and Deep-Water Exchange Across the Central Lomonosov Ridge at 88–891N
ARTICLE IN PRESS Deep-Sea Research I 54 (2007) 1197–1208 www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Bathymetry and deep-water exchange across the central Lomonosov Ridge at 88–891N Go¨ran Bjo¨rka,Ã, Martin Jakobssonb, Bert Rudelsc, James H. Swiftd, Leif Andersone, Dennis A. Darbyf, Jan Backmanb, Bernard Coakleyg, Peter Winsorh, Leonid Polyaki, Margo Edwardsj aGo¨teborg University, Earth Sciences Center, Box 460, SE-405 30 Go¨teborg, Sweden bDepartment of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden cFinnish Institute for Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland dScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA eDepartment of Chemistry, Go¨teborg University, Go¨teborg, Sweden fDepartment of Ocean, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA gDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA hPhysical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA iByrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA jHawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, HI, USA Received 23 October 2006; received in revised form 9 May 2007; accepted 18 May 2007 Available online 2 June 2007 Abstract Seafloor mapping of the central Lomonosov Ridge using a multibeam echo-sounder during the Beringia/Healy–Oden Trans-Arctic Expedition (HOTRAX) 2005 shows that a channel across the ridge has a substantially shallower sill depth than the 2500 m indicated in present bathymetric maps. The multibeam survey along the ridge crest shows a maximum sill depth of about 1870 m. A previously hypothesized exchange of deep water from the Amundsen Basin to the Makarov Basin in this area is not confirmed. -
New Constraints on the Age, Geochemistry
New constraints on the age, geochemistry, and environmental impact of High Arctic Large Igneous Province magmatism: Tracing the extension of the Alpha Ridge onto Ellesmere Island, Canada T.V. Naber1,2, S.E. Grasby1,2, J.P. Cuthbertson2, N. Rayner3, and C. Tegner4,† 1 Geological Survey of Canada–Calgary, Natural Resources Canada, Calgary, Canada 2 Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada 3 Geological Survey of Canada–Northern, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada 4 Centre of Earth System Petrology, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ABSTRACT Island, Nunavut, Canada. In contrast, a new Province (HALIP), is one of the least studied U-Pb age for an alkaline syenite at Audhild of all LIPs due to its remote geographic lo- The High Arctic Large Igneous Province Bay is significantly younger at 79.5 ± 0.5 Ma, cation, and with many exposures underlying (HALIP) represents extensive Cretaceous and correlative to alkaline basalts and rhyo- perennial arctic sea ice. Nevertheless, HALIP magmatism throughout the circum-Arctic lites from other locations of northern Elles- eruptions have been commonly invoked as a borderlands and within the Arctic Ocean mere Island (Audhild Bay, Philips Inlet, and potential driver of major Cretaceous Ocean (e.g., the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge). Recent Yelverton Bay West; 83–73 Ma). We propose anoxic events (OAEs). Refining the age, geo- aeromagnetic data shows anomalies that ex- these volcanic occurrences be referred to col- chemistry, and nature of these volcanic rocks tend from the Alpha Ridge onto the northern lectively as the Audhild Bay alkaline suite becomes critical then to elucidate how they coast of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. -
New Hydrographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic Western Eurasian
New Hydrographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic Western Eurasian Basin in 2017 Reveal Fresher Mixed Layer and Shallower Warm Layer Than 2005–2012 Climatology Marylou Athanase, Nathalie Sennéchael, Gilles Garric, Zoé Koenig, Elisabeth Boles, Christine Provost To cite this version: Marylou Athanase, Nathalie Sennéchael, Gilles Garric, Zoé Koenig, Elisabeth Boles, et al.. New Hy- drographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic Western Eurasian Basin in 2017 Reveal Fresher Mixed Layer and Shallower Warm Layer Than 2005–2012 Climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, Wiley-Blackwell, 2019, 124 (2), pp.1091-1114. 10.1029/2018JC014701. hal-03015373 HAL Id: hal-03015373 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03015373 Submitted on 19 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESEARCH ARTICLE New Hydrographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic 10.1029/2018JC014701 Western Eurasian Basin in 2017 Reveal Fresher Mixed Key Points: – • Autonomous profilers provide an Layer and Shallower Warm Layer Than 2005 extensive physical and biogeochemical -
Hot Rocks from Cold Places: a Field, Geochemical and Geochronological Study from the High Arctic Large Igneous P Rovince (HALIP) at Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut
! !"#$%"&'($)*"+$,"-.$/-0&1(2$3$451-.6$71"&81+5&0-$09.$ 71"&8*"9"-":5&0-$;#<.=$)*"+$#81$!5:8$3*&$>0*:1$ ?:91"<($/*"@59&1$A!3>?/B$0#$3C1-$!15D1*:$?(-09.6$ E<90@<#$ $ $ by Cole Girard Kingsbury A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences Ottawa – Carleton Geoscience Centre and Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2016 Cole Girard Kingsbury ! ! !"#$%&'$() ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) The geology of the Arctic is greatly influenced by a period of widespread Cretaceous magmatic activity, the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Two major tholeiitic magmatic pulses characterize HALIP: an initial 120 -130 Ma pulse that affected Arctic Canada and formally adjacent regions of Svalbard (Norway) and Franz Josef Land (Russia). In Canada, this pulse fed lava flows of the Isachsen Formation. A second 90-100 Ma pulse that apparently only affected the Canadian side of the Arctic, fed flood basalts of the Strand Fiord Formation. The goal of this thesis is to improve understanding of Arctic magmatism of the enigmatic HALIP through field, remote sensing, geochemical and geochronology investigations of mafic intrusive rocks collected in the South Fiord area of Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, and comparison with mafic lavas of the Isachsen and Strand Fiord Formations collected from other localities on the Island. Ground-based and remote sensing observations of the South Fiord area reveal a complex network of mafic sills and mainly SSE-trending dykes. Two new U-Pb baddeleyite ages of 95.18 ± 0.35 Ma and 95.56 ± 0.24 Ma from South Fiord intrusions along with geochemical similarity confirm these intrusions (including the SSE-trending dykes) are feeders for the Strand Fiord Formation lavas. -
Evidence for Slab Material Under Greenland and Links to Cretaceous
PUBLICATIONS Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Evidence for slab material under Greenland 10.1002/2016GL068424 and links to Cretaceous High Key Points: Arctic magmatism • Mid-mantle seismic and gravity anomaly under Greenland identified G. E. Shephard1, R. G. Trønnes1,2, W. Spakman1,3, I. Panet4, and C. Gaina1 • Jurassic-Cretaceous slab linked to paleo-Arctic ocean closure, prior to 1Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 2Natural Amerasia Basin opening 3 • Possible arc-mantle signature in History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, 4 Cretaceous High Arctic LIP volcanism Institut National de l’Information Géographique et Forestière, Laboratoire LAREG, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France Supporting Information: Abstract Understanding the evolution of extinct ocean basins through time and space demands the • Supporting Information S1 integration of surface kinematics and mantle dynamics. We explore the existence, origin, and implications Correspondence to: of a proposed oceanic slab burial ground under Greenland through a comparison of seismic tomography, G. E. Shephard, slab sinking rates, regional plate reconstructions, and satellite-derived gravity gradients. Our preferred [email protected] interpretation stipulates that anomalous, fast seismic velocities at 1000–1600 km depth imaged in independent global tomographic models, coupled with gravity gradient perturbations, represent paleo-Arctic oceanic slabs Citation: that subducted in the Mesozoic. We suggest a novel connection between slab-related arc mantle and Shephard, G. E., R. G. Trønnes, geochemical signatures in some of the tholeiitic and mildly alkaline magmas of the Cretaceous High Arctic W. -
Arctic Ocean Bathymetry: a Necessary Geospatial Framework Martin Jakobsson,1 Larry Mayer2 and David Monahan2
ARCTIC VOL. 68, SUPPL. 1 (2015) P. 41 – 47 http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4451 Arctic Ocean Bathymetry: A Necessary Geospatial Framework Martin Jakobsson,1 Larry Mayer2 and David Monahan2 (Received 26 May 2014; accepted in revised form 8 December 2014) ABSTRACT. Most ocean science relies on a geospatial infrastructure that is built from bathymetry data collected from ships underway, archived, and converted into maps and digital grids. Bathymetry, the depth of the seafloor, besides having vital importance to geology and navigation, is a fundamental element in studies of deep water circulation, tides, tsunami forecasting, upwelling, fishing resources, wave action, sediment transport, environmental change, and slope stability, as well as in site selection for platforms, cables, and pipelines, waste disposal, and mineral extraction. Recent developments in multibeam sonar mapping have so dramatically increased the resolution with which the seafloor can be portrayed that previous representations must be considered obsolete. Scientific conclusions based on sparse bathymetric information should be re-examined and refined. At this time only about 11% of the Arctic Ocean has been mapped with multibeam; the rest of its seafloor area is portrayed through mathematical interpolation using a very sparse depth-sounding database. In order for all Arctic marine activities to benefit fully from the improvement that multibeam provides, the entire Arctic Ocean must be multibeam-mapped, a task that can be accomplished only through international coordination and collaboration that includes the scientific community, naval institutions, and industry. Key words: bathymetry; Arctic Ocean; mapping; oceanography; tectonics RÉSUMÉ. Une grande partie de l’océanographie s’appuie sur l’infrastructure géospatiale établie à partir de données bathymétriques recueillies par des navires en route, données qui sont ensuite archivées et transformées en cartes et en grilles numériques. -
Building and Breaking a Large Igneous Province: an Example from The
PUBLICATIONS Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Building and breaking a large igneous province: An 10.1002/2016GL072420 example from the High Arctic Key Points: Arne Døssing1 , Carmen Gaina2 , and John M. Brozena3 • An early Aptian giant High-Arctic LIP dyke swarm, >2000 km long, formed 1DTU Space, Lyngby, Denmark, 2Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 3United States as part of early rifting of the Amerasia Basin Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA • Middle-to-Late Cretaceous HALIP flood basalts subsequently covered the northern Amerasia Basin, centered Abstract The genesis of the Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean has been difficult to discern due to over the proto-Alpha Ridge overprint of the Cretaceous High-Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Based on detailed analysis of • Latest Cretaceous to middle Paleocene rifting and seafloor bathymetry data, new Arctic magnetic and gravity compilations, and recently published radiometric and spreading within the Makarov Basin seismic data, we present a revised plate kinematic model of the northernmost Amerasia Basin. We show broke apart the proto-Alpha Ridge that the smaller Makarov Basin is formed by rifting and seafloor spreading during the latest Cretaceous (to middle Paleocene). The opening progressively migrated into the Alpha Ridge structure, which was the Supporting Information: focus of Early-to-Middle Cretaceous HALIP formation, causing breakup of the proto-Alpha Ridge into the • Supporting Information S1 present-day Alpha Ridge and Alpha Ridge West Plateau. We propose that breakup of the Makarov Basin was triggered by extension between the North America and Eurasian plates and possibly North Pacific Correspondence to: A. -
Bathymetric Mapping of the North Polar Seas
BATHYMETRIC MAPPING OF THE NORTH POLAR SEAS Report of a Workshop at the Hawaii Mapping Research Group, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA, October 30-31, 2002 Ron Macnab Geological Survey of Canada (Retired) and Margo Edwards Hawaii Mapping Research Group SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII 1 BATHYMETRIC MAPPING OF THE NORTH POLAR SEAS Report of a Workshop at the Hawaii Mapping Research Group, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA, October 30-31, 2002 Ron Macnab Geological Survey of Canada (Retired) and Margo Edwards Hawaii Mapping Research Group Cover Figure. Oblique view of new eruption site on the Gakkel Ridge, observed with Seafloor Characterization and Mapping Pods (SCAMP) during the 1999 SCICEX mission. Sidescan observations are draped on a SCAMP-derived terrain model, with depths indicated by color-coded contour lines. Red dots are epicenters of earthquakes detected on the Ridge in 1999. (Data processing and visualization performed by Margo Edwards and Paul Johnson of the Hawaii Mapping Research Group.) This workshop was partially supported through Grant Number N00014-2-02-1-1120, awarded by the United States Office of Naval Research International Field Office. Partial funding was also provided by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), the US Polar Research Board, and the University of Hawaii. 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................5 Ron Macnab (GSC Retired) and Margo Edwards (HMRG) 2. A prototype 1:6 Million map....................................................................................................5 Martin Jakobsson, CCOM/JHC, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH, USA 3. Russian Arctic shelf data..........................................................................................................7 Volodja Glebovsky, VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia 4. -
Arctic Policy &
Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by the International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law (IUCN-CEL) Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by The International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force. The preparation of Arctic Policy & Law: References to Selected Documents was a project of ICEL with the support of the Elizabeth Haub Foundations (Germany, USA, Canada). Published by: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL), Bonn, Germany Copyright: © 2011 International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) (2011). -
Geophysical and Geological Exploration of the Eurasia Basin, Arctic Ocean from Ice Drift Stations “Fram-I-IV”
Bad Dürkheim 2001 88 Mitt. POLLICHIA 4 9 -5 4 2 Abb. (Suppl.) ISSN 0341-9665 Yngve K ristoffersen Geophysical and Geological Exploration of the Eurasia Basin, Arctic Ocean from Ice Drift Stations “Fram-I-IV” Kurzfassung Die Umwelt des Arktischen Meeres stellt eine logistische Herausforderung für die wissen schaftliche Erforschung dar. Ein Jahrhundert lang war das Ausnutzen von Treibeis als Plattform ein Eckpfeiler für Forschungsvorhaben im polaren Meer. Es erforderte Engagement und ein Langzeitdenken seitens der Geldgeber. Als wissenschaftlicher Leiter war Leonard Johnson we sentlich daran beteiligt, dass dies über einen Zeitraum von fast zwei Jahrzehnten der Fall war. Als Teil dieses Forschungsvorhaben arbeiteten die Treibeisstationen „Fram I—IV” im Frühjahrs- Wetterfenster 1979-1982 und trugen zur substanziellen Erforschung des Nördlichen Polarmee res bei. Abstract The Arctic Ocean environment presents a logistical challenge for scientific exploration. For a century the use of drifting sea ice as a platform was a comer stone for endeavours in the polar basin. It required committment and a long term perspective on the part of the funding agencies. As a science administrator, Leonard Johnson was instrumental in making this happen over a period of almost two decades. As a part of this, the “Fram I-IV” ice drift stations operated in the spring weather window of 1979-1982 and made a substantial contribution to exploration of the Eurasia Basin. Résumé L’environnement de l’océan glacial lance un défi logistique à l’exploration scientifique. Pen dant un siècle l’utilisation des glaces flottantes en tant que plate-forme était un pilier d’angle pour des travaux de recherche dans l’océan polaire. -
' ...An Arctic Basin Observational Capability Using Auvs
SPECIAL ISS UE ' .... An Arctic Basin Observational Capability using AUVs James G. Bellingham, Knut Streitlien Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Cambridge, Massachusetts USA James Overland Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory * Seattle, Washington USA Subramaniam Rajah, Peter Stein Scientific Solutions Inc. • Hollis, New Hampshire USA John Stannard Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd. • Kingston, Ontario CANADA William Kirkwood Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute • Moss Landing, California USA Dana Yoerger Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution • Woods Hole, Massachusetts USA ~ ur goal is to greatly increase access to the (Sturgeon class) submarines available to the scien- Arctic Ocean by creating and demonstrating a tific community is 800 feet, this does not allow safe and economical platform capable of basin-scale characterization of the entire water column. surveys. Specifically, we are developing an • Nuclear submarines are expensive to maintain and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for Arctic operate. research with unprecedented endurance and the capa- bility to relay data through the ice to satellites. We will provide a means of monitoring changes taking place in the Arctic Ocean and investigate their impact on global warming. The vehicle will also be capable of seafloor surveys throughout the Arctic basin. We call the vehicle the ALTEX AUV (Figure 1), for the Altantic Layer Tracking Experiment that motivates its development. The Arctic Ocean poses unique challenges for oceanography because it is, for the most part, covered with sea ice. This makes the Arctic much more difficult to observe as the most widely used observational tech- niques today are either ship or satellite based. Much of our understanding of the Arctic Ocean comes from the use of nuclear submarines as research platforms.