The Origin of the Vertebrate Jaw: Intersection Between Developmental Biology-Based Model and Fossil Evidence
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Flow Mechanism and Simulation Approaches for Shale Gas Reservoirs: a Review
Flow Mechanism and Simulation Approaches for Shale Gas Reservoirs: A Review Item Type Article Authors Zhang, Tao; Sun, Shuyu; Song, Hongqing Citation Zhang T, Sun S, Song H (2018) Flow Mechanism and Simulation Approaches for Shale Gas Reservoirs: A Review. Transport in Porous Media. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s11242-018-1148-5. Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1007/s11242-018-1148-5 Publisher Springer Nature Journal Transport in Porous Media Rights Archived with thanks to Transport in Porous Media Download date 06/10/2021 20:33:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/629903 Flow mechanism and simulation approaches for shale gas reservoirs: A review Tao Zhang1 Shuyu Sun1∗ Hongqing Song1;2∗ 1Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory(CTPL), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2 School of civil and resource engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China Abstract The past two decades have borne remarkable progress in our understanding of flow mechanisms and numerical simulation approaches of shale gas reservoir, with much larger the number of publications in recent five years compared to that before year 2012. In this paper, a review is constructed with three parts: flow mecha- nism, reservoir models and numerical approaches. In mechanism, it is found that gas adsorption process can be concluded into different isotherm models for various reservoir basins. Multi-component adsorption mechanism are taken into account in recent years. Flow mechanism and equations vary with different Knudsen number, which could be figured out in two ways: Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). -
Fossil Jawless Fish from China Foreshadows Early Jawed Vertebrate Anatomy
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature10276 Fossil jawless fish from China foreshadows early jawed vertebrate anatomy Zhikun Gai1,2, Philip C. J. Donoghue1, Min Zhu2, Philippe Janvier3 & Marco Stampanoni4,5 Most living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and The new genus is erected for ‘Sinogaleaspis’ zhejiangensis23,24 Pan, 1986, the living jawless vertebrates (cyclostomes), hagfishes and lampreys, from the Maoshan Formation (late Llandovery epoch to early Wenlock provide scarce information about the profound reorganization of epoch, Silurian period, ,430 million years ago) of Zhejiang, China. the vertebrate skull during the evolutionary origin of jaws1–9. The Diagnosis. Small galeaspid (Supplementary Figs 6 and 7) distinct from extinct bony jawless vertebrates, or ‘ostracoderms’, are regarded as Sinogaleaspis in its terminally positioned nostril, posterior supraorbital precursors of jawed vertebrates and provide insight into this form- sensory canals not converging posteriorly, median dorsal sensory ative episode in vertebrate evolution8–14. Here, using synchrotron canals absent, only one median transverse sensory canal and six pairs radiation X-ray tomography15,16, we describe the cranial anatomy of of lateral transverse sensory canals17,23. galeaspids, a 435–370-million-year-old ‘ostracoderm’ group from Description of cranial anatomy. To elucidate the gross cranial ana- China and Vietnam17. The paired nasal sacs of galeaspids are located tomy of galeaspids, we used synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic anterolaterally in the braincase, -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 5K Fun Run/Walk . 16 Presenter Information Annual Meeting App . 16 Oral Sessions . 17 Author Index . 276 Presentation Uploading . 17 Awards & Fellows . 53 Poster Sessions . 17 Business Center . 16 Registration Center . 17 Career and Membership Center . 21 SASES . 22 CEU Approved Sessions . 34 Schedule by Date . 103 Continuing Education Credits . 16 Schedule by Section/Division . 69 Corporate Member & Exhibitor Lounge . 16 Section/Division Business Meetings . 62 Corporate Member Listing . 41 Section/Community/Division Posters . 18 Dietary Needs . 16 Social Media . 18 Early Career/Professional Development . 23 Society & Other Group Food Functions & Socials . 68 Emergency . 16 Society & Other Group Meetings . 66 Exhibit Hall . 42 Society Awards and Honors . 18 Exhibitor Descriptions & Booth Locations . 43 Society Center . 20 Featured Speakers . 5 Speaker Ready Room . 18 Field of Fun . 16 Sponsors . 14 Food Options . 16 Technical Sessions Future Annual Meeting . 51 Friday–Sunday . 121 Give Back to San Antonio . 16 Monday . 128 Graduate School Forum . 22 Tuesday . 180 Graduate Students . 23 Wednesday . 237 Internet . 17 Ticketed Functions . 15 Lost & Found . 17 Tours . 26 Maps—Session Properties . 7 Trivia Social . 18 Maps—Henry Gonzalez Convention Center (HGCC) . 9 Welcome to San Antonio . 3 Maps—Hilton Palacio del Rio . 10 Welcome Reception . 18 Movie Night . 17 Win $1,000! . 18 News Media . 17 Workshops . 30 Organizer/Moderator Index . 290 How to Use the Program Book • To Browse by Interest (Division/Section/Community) -
Whole-Mount Observation of Pharyngeal and Trabecular Cartilage Development in Lampreys
Whole-Mount Observation of Pharyngeal and Trabecular Cartilage Development in Lampreys 著者 Yao Tuoya, Ohtani Kaoru, Wada Hiroshi journal or Zoological science publication title volume 25 number 10 page range 976-981 year 2008-10 権利 (C) 2008 Zoological Society of Japan URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/113547 doi: 10.2108/zsj.25.976 ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 25: 976–981 (2008) © 2008 Zoological Society of Japan Whole-Mount Observation of Pharyngeal and Trabecular Cartilage Development in Lampreys Tuoya Yao, Kaoru Ohtani and Hiroshi Wada* Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan Because the jaw is thought to have evolved as a dorsal–ventral articulation of the anterior pharyngeal arch, knowledge of developmental patterning in the pharyngeal arch is critical to understanding the origin and evolution of the jaw in gnathostomes. It is particularly important to determine whether Agnatha already possessed developmental polarity along the dorsal–ventral axis of the pharyngeal arch. We used the Weigert staining method to examine the development of cartilage in whole-mount lamprey specimens. We found that although the transverse rods showed symmetrical patterning along the dorsal–ventral axis, the hypobranchial bar and subchordal rod showed distinct developmental patterning. Thus, our observations suggest that pharyngeal cartilage also differentiates along the dorsal–ventral axis. In addition, the parachordal rods were shifted dorsally compared to the subchordal rods. Although the development of cartilage occurred earlier in the anterior arches, the fusion of the subchordal rods occurred earlier in the posterior arches. We also noted a unique morphology of cartilage in the ninth pharyngeal arch. -
The Circulatory System of Galeaspida (Vertebrata; Stem-Gnathostomata) Revealed by Synchrotron X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy
Gai, Z-K., Zhu, M., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2019). The circulatory system of Galeaspida (Vertebrata; stem-Gnathostomata) revealed by synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy. Palaeoworld, 28(4), 441- 460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.04.005 Peer reviewed version License (if available): CC BY-NC-ND Link to published version (if available): 10.1016/j.palwor.2019.04.005 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Elsevier at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871174X18301677 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ The circulatory system of Galeaspida (Vertebrata; stem-Gnathostomata) revealed by synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy Zhi-Kun Gai a, b, c, Min Zhu a, b, c *, Philip C.J. Donoghue d * a Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China b CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China d School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK * Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Micro-CT provides a means of nondestructively investigating the internal structure of organisms with high spatial resolution and it has been applied to address a number of palaeontological problems that would be undesirable by destructive means. -
MAY 2014 41 ISSN 0619-4324 ALBERTIANA 41 • MAY 2014 CONTENTS Editorial Note
MAY 2014 41 ISSN 0619-4324 ALBERTIANA 41 • MAY 2014 CONTENTS Editorial note. Christopher McRoberts 1 Executive note. Marco Balini 2 Triassic timescale status: A brief overview. James G. Ogg, Chunju Huang, and Linda Hinnov 3 The Permian and Triassic in the Albanian Alps: Preliminary note. 31 Maurizio Gaetani, Selam Meço, Roberto Rettori, and Accursio Tulone The first find of well-preserved Foraminifera in the Lower Triassic of Russian Far East. 34 Liana G. Bondarenko, Yuri D. Zakharov, and Nicholas N. Barinov STS Task Group Report. New evidence on Early Olenekian biostratigra[hy in Nevada, Salt Range, 39 and South Primorye (Report on the IOBWG activity in 2013. Yuri D. Zakharov Obituary: Hienz W. Kozur (1942-2014) 41 Obituary Inna A. Dobruskina (1933-2014) 44 New Triassic literature. Geoffrey Warrington 50 Meeting announcments 82 Editor Christopher McRoberts State University of New York at Cortland, USA Editorial Board Marco Balini Aymon Baud Arnaud Brayard Università di Milano, Italy Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Université de Bourgogne, France Margaret Fraiser Piero Gianolla Mark Hounslow University of Wisconson Milwaukee, USA Università di Ferrara, Italy Lancaster University, United Kingdom Wolfram Kürschner Spencer Lucas Michael Orchard Univseristy of Oslo, Norway New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver USA Canada Yuri Zakharov Far-Eastern Geological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia Albertiana is the international journal of Triassic research. The primary aim of Albertiana is to promote the interdisciplinary collaboration and understanding among members of the I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy. Albertiana serves as the primary venue for the dissemination of orignal research on Triassic System. -
A Review of Silurian Fishes from North-Western Hunan, China and Related Biostratigraphy
Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 68 (2018), No. 3, pp. 475–486 DOI: 10.1515/agp-2018-0006 A review of Silurian fishes from north-western Hunan, China and related biostratigraphy WENJIN ZHAO1-3, MIN ZHU1-3, ZHIKUN GAI1,2, ZHAOHUI PAN1,3, XINDONG CUI1,3 and JIACHEN CAI1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], panzhaohui@ivpp. ac.cn, [email protected], [email protected] 2 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China 3 College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ABSTRACT: Zhao, W.-J., Zhu, M., Gai, Z.-K., Pan, Z.-H., Cui, X.-D. and Cai, J.-C. 2018. A review of Silurian fishes from north- western Hunan, China and related biostratigraphy. Acta Geologica Polonica, 68 (3), 475–486. Warszawa. The Silurian fishes from north-western Hunan, China are characterised by the earliest known galeaspids Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng, 1985 and Konoceraspis Pan, 1992, and the earliest known antiarch Shimenolepis Wang J.-Q., 1991, as well as rich sinacanth fin spines. Shimenolepis from Lixian County in north-western Hunan, which was dated as the Telychian (late Llandovery), has long been regarded as the oldest representa- tive of the placoderms in the world. As such, in addition to eastern Yunnan and the Lower Yangtze Region, north-western Hunan represents another important area in South China that yields important fossil material for the research of early vertebrates and related stratigraphy. -
From Jiangxi, China
第58卷 第2期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 85–99 figs. 1–8 2020年4月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.191105 A redescription of the Silurian Sinogaleaspis shankouensis (Galeaspida, stem-Gnathostomata) from Jiangxi, China GAI Zhi-Kun1,2,3 SHAN Xian-Ren1,4 SUN Zhi-Xin4 ZHAO Wen-Jin1,2,3 PAN Zhao-Hui1,3 ZHU Min1,2,3* (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044) (2 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044) (3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (4 College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590) Abstract Sinogaleaspis shankouensis is redescribed based on 11 new specimens collected from the type locality of the Xikeng Formation in Xiushui county, Jiangxi Province. The in-depth morphological study indicates that the sensory canal system of S. shankouensis exhibits a mélange of characters of plesiomorphic galeaspid taxa, Eugaleaspiformes, Polybranchiaspiformes and Huananaspiformes. The grid distribution of the sensory canal system on the dorsal side of the head-shield, which comprises four longitudinal canals intercrossed with six pairs of transverse canals in S. shankouensis, probably represents a plesiomorphic condition of vertebrates. Sinogaleaspis shankouensis belongs to the Sinogaleaspis-Xiushuiaspis Fauna or the Maoshan Assemblage which represents the first diversification of galeaspids in the Telychian, Llandovery of the Silurian period. The sedimentary paleoenvironment of the Xikeng Formation in Xiushui, Jiangxi Province is suggestive of a brackish water environment, whereas a large sum of muddy gravels in fish-bearing sandstone beds point to a short distance of potamic transportation. -
Mouse Otx2 Functions in the Formation and Patterning of Rostral Head
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on October 3, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Mouse Otx2 functions in the formation and patterning of rostral head Isao Matsuo/ Shigem Kuratani/ Chiham Kimura/'^ Naoki Takeda/ and Shinichi Aizawa^'^ ^Department of Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860, Japan; ^Department of Molecular and Cell Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683, Japan The anterior part of the vertebrate head expresses a group of homeo box genes in segmentally restricted patterns during embryogenesis. Among these, Otx2 expression covers the entire fore- and midbrains and takes place earliest. To examine its role in development of the rostral head, a mutation was introduced into this locus. The homozygous mutants did not develop structures anterior to rhombomere 3, indicating an essential role of Otx2 in the formation of the rostral head. In contrast, heterozygous mutants displayed craniofacial malformations designated as otocephaly; affected structures appeared to correspond to the most posterior and most anterior domains of Otx expression where Otxl is not expressed. The homo- and heterozygous mutant phenotypes suggest Otx2 functions as a gap-like gene in the rostral head where Hox code is not present. The evolutionary significance of Otx2 mutant phenotypes was discussed for the innovation of the neurocranium and the jaw. [Key Words: Otx-, head development; segmental patterning; homeo box; Otocephaly, cranial neural crest] Received May 1, 1995; revised version accepted September 7, 1995. The vertebrate neuraxis can be divided into three re gesting the presence of a genetic code for the brain re gions: the spinal cord, hindbrain, and rostral brain. -
Development, Anatomy, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Jawless Vertebrates and Tests of Hypotheses About Early Vertebrate Evolution
Development, Anatomy, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Jawless Vertebrates and Tests of Hypotheses about Early Vertebrate Evolution by Tetsuto Miyashita A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Systematics and Evolution Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta © Tetsuto Miyashita, 2018 ii ABSTRACT The origin and early evolution of vertebrates remain one of the central questions of comparative biology. This clade, which features a breathtaking diversity of complex forms, has generated profound, unresolved questions, including: How are major lineages of vertebrates related to one another? What suite of characters existed in the last common ancestor of all living vertebrates? Does information from seemingly ‘primitive’ groups — jawless vertebrates, cartilaginous fishes, or even invertebrate outgroups — inform us about evolutionary transitions to novel morphologies like the neural crest or jaw? Alfred Romer once likened a search for the elusive vertebrate archetype to a study of the Apocalypse: “That way leads to madness.” I attempt to address these questions using extinct and extant cyclostomes (hagfish, lampreys, and their kin). As the sole living lineage of jawless vertebrates, cyclostomes diverged during the earliest phases of vertebrate evolution. However, precise relationships and evolutionary scenarios remain highly controversial, due to their poor fossil record and specialized morphology. Through a comparative analysis of embryos, I identified significant developmental similarities and differences between hagfish and lampreys, and delineated specific problems to be explored. I attacked the first problem — whether cyclostomes form a clade or represent a grade — in a description and phylogenetic analyses of a new, nearly complete fossil hagfish from the Cenomanian of Lebanon. -
Embryology of the Lamprey and Evolution of the Vertebrate Jaw: Insights from Molecular and Developmental Perspectives
doi 10.1098/rstb.2001.0976 Embryology of the lamprey and evolution of the vertebrate jaw: insights from molecular and developmental perspectives Shigeru Kuratani*, Yoshiaki Nobusada, Naoto Horigome and Yasuyo Shigetani Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3^1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700^8530, Japan Evolution of the vertebrate jaw has been reviewed and discussed based on the developmental pattern of the Japanese marine lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Though it never forms a jointed jaw apparatus, the L. japonica embryo exhibits the typical embryonic structure as well as the conserved regulatory gene expression patterns of vertebrates. The lamprey therefore shares the phylotype of vertebrates, the conserved embryonic pattern that appears at pharyngula stage, rather than representing an intermediate evolutionary state. Both gnathostomes and lampreys exhibit a tripartite con¢guration of the rostral-most crest-derived ectomesenchyme, each part occupying an anatomically equivalent site. Di¡erentiated oral structure becomes apparent in post-pharyngula development. Due to the solid nasohypophyseal plate, the post-optic ectomesenchyme of the lamprey fails to grow rostromedially to form the medial nasal septum as in gnathostomes, but forms the upper lip instead. The gnathostome jaw may thus have arisen through a process of ontogenetic repatterning, in which a heterotopic shift of mesenchyme^epithelial relationships would have been involved. Further identi¢cation of shifts in tissue interaction and expression of regulatory genes are necessary to describe the evolution of the jaw fully from the standpoint of evolutionary develop- mental biology. Keywords: lamprey; embryo; pharynx; mandibular arch; premandibular region; evolution evidence indicates convergent origins. A di¡erence in 1. -
2021Commencementprogram1.Pdf
One Hundred and Sixty-Third Annual Commencement JUNE 14, 2021 One Hundred and Sixty-Third Annual Commencement 11 A.M. CDT, MONDAY, JUNE 14, 2021 UNIVERSITY SEAL AND MOTTO Soon after Northwestern University was founded, its Board of Trustees adopted an official corporate seal. This seal, approved on June 26, 1856, consisted of an open book surrounded by rays of light and circled by the words North western University, Evanston, Illinois. Thirty years later Daniel Bonbright, professor of Latin and a member of Northwestern’s original faculty, redesigned the seal, Whatsoever things are true, retaining the book and light rays and adding two quotations. whatsoever things are honest, On the pages of the open book he placed a Greek quotation from the Gospel of John, chapter 1, verse 14, translating to The Word . whatsoever things are just, full of grace and truth. Circling the book are the first three whatsoever things are pure, words, in Latin, of the University motto: Quaecumque sunt vera whatsoever things are lovely, (What soever things are true). The outer border of the seal carries the name of the University and the date of its founding. This seal, whatsoever things are of good report; which remains Northwestern’s official signature, was approved by if there be any virtue, the Board of Trustees on December 5, 1890. and if there be any praise, The full text of the University motto, adopted on June 17, 1890, is think on these things. from the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians, chapter 4, verse 8 (King James Version).