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The Conkling Rifles: Civil War History of the Ninety-Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers

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The Conkling Rifles: Civil War History of the Ninety-Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers THE CONKLING RIFLES: CIVIL WAR HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS ©1998, Steven F. Roth The following is substantially based upon excerpts and information contained in HISTORY OF THE NINETY-SEVENTH REGIMENT NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS, (“CONKLING RIFLES,”) IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION, by Isaac Hall (Press of L.C. Childs & Son, Utica, N.Y., 1890). Chapter I: The War Begins -- Organization of the 97th -- Departure for Washington The War began with the bombardment and capture of Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, April 12th and 13th, 1861. This caught the government and the people of the North totally unprepared. Neither the magnitude of the war, nor the resolution of the North or the South was understood. President Lincoln at first called for only 75,000 volunteers to serve three months, because the common feeling was that the rebellion could be suppressed, and the Union soldiers “had embarked on a summer pleasure excursion, or had started on a holiday picnic. ... It was a just cause of apprehension, at first, also, that the rancor of political partisanship would induce many of the Northern people to stand aloof from a hearty support of Government ... A general impression then prevailed that a peace would be patched up and there would be no real war.” After all, nobody was killed on either side at Fort Sumter. For “three weary months, the war dragged feebly on; the North but half aroused and but half in earnest.” No great battle was fought until Bull Run on July 21st, 1861. About 30,000 men were engaged on either side -- probably a larger number than ever before in the history of America. Victory, at first, seemed to incline towards the North, but Confederate reinforcements changed the aspects of the field, and Bull Run finally became a most humiliating defeat to the Union army. [While visiting the battlefield of 1st Bull Run (at Manassas, Virginia), I was told by a Civil War enthusiast that a Union uniform factory had just previously been looted by Confederates, who appeared behind Union lines dressed in blue uniforms, and proceeded to attack Union batteries and infantry from the rear; this undoubtedly added to the Union defeat.] After this battle, “the North became ashamed and immediately aroused. ... Dangerous delusions were dispelled ... The war was known to be a real one.” The North became united, and it is said that at this time devise political party lines became essentially “extinct.” “Thus the defeat at Bull Run was a blessing in disguise.” There came a demand for more men, and the three-months militia (first called out to defend Washington, D.C.) had returned home. Those who had enlisted for two or three years had already gone to the front, some in time to serve at Bull Run, “but their numbers were found to be totally inadequate to the vast proportions the war had now assumed.” On July 22, 1861, the day after the defeat at Bull Run, Congress passed an act authorizing President Lincoln to call out one-half a million new volunteers. On July 25th, the President requested New York’s Governor Morgan to furnish 25,000 men to serve three years. As before, 2 they were to rendezvous at New York City, Albany and Elmira. However, for a time, enlistments were slow, but toward the end of August, the “Governor devised the happy expedient of establishing local camps throughout the State, at such points as seemed to offer the best facilities for completing regimental organizations.” Camps were established at Oswego, Saratoga, Rochester and Buffalo, and from almost every village in the State reports came in that enlistments were progressing rapidly. In some instances several partial regiments were consolidated into one. “Such was the time and such was the occasion and circumstances attending the formation of the Ninety-seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers.” September 23, 1861 -- Governor Morgan, by special order, authorized Charles Wheelock to organize a regiment at Boonville, where a depot was established as soon as eight companies, of 32 men each, had been mustered in. Mr. Wheelock had long been a prominent businessman -- a produce dealer, “and the interest he had taken in the enlistment and dispatch of the few companies which had already gone from that place to the field, at the beginning of the war, justified a confidence in his ability to organize and command a regiment with honor to himself and credit to the service.” In less than two weeks, 300 men were enlisted from northern Oneida, and Lewis and Herkimer Counties. The rendezvous was established at Boonville in a canal warehouse owned by Peter P. Prost which was fitted up for barracks. Uniforms were received and a contract was made with John Wilson, Charles and Joel T. Comstock for subsisting the men at 30 cents per day each. The barracks and training area was officially designated “Camp Rathbone.” Nine companies had been organized by October 15, “and were gradually filled up by the efforts of the officers.” Just as Jack Wolfe reports of Lowville, “the streets of Boonville were alive with the bustle of preparation, and the excitement” incident to the 97th’s impending involvement in the war. Drills and parades became frequent. A brass band was organized chiefly of men from Boonville and Turin. Several buildings and halls were obtained for drill rooms, hospitals and other military purposes, “and as the season advanced, the novel spectacle of martial parade drew numbers from the surrounding country to witness the exercises of the volunteers and to get a glimpse of army life.” As the active campaign of the recruiting season closed, the regiment was permitted to spend the winter at the camp, near their families, “but the crowded quarters and course fare, so different from the abundant variety of home life, as a consequent result, brought on some sickness, which the occurrence of the measles in an epidemic from greatly increased.” Of about 60 cases, three were fatal. Diphtheria, and scarlet and typhoid fevers affected many others. Those who were disabled were discharged from service. As the organization of the regiment neared completion, various names were suggested for it, among them “Spinner and Conkling Rifles,” “Black River Riflemen,” “Third Oneida,” and “Boonville Regiment.” It was “Conkling Rifles” that stuck, and its members were mustered into service of the United States on February 15, 1862, as the “97th Regiment, New York Volunteers.” It should not go without mention that earlier, on December 19, 1861, a “Ladies’ Fair” was opened in Boonville for the purpose of “procuring a stand of colors” (flag) for the regiment, 3 continuing for four days. A public presentation of the colors was made from the balcony of Hulbert’s Hotel on December 23. The Honorable Richard Hulburt, presented them on behalf of the ladies, providing words of gratitude for the fine sewing, the progress of those from the North already engaged in battle, and the regiment which “will compare favorably with a like number of citizens in any community as to intelligence and capacity for the various pursuits of life,” boding honorable action of the men in battle to uphold the honor of the flag. Colonel Wheelock accepted the flag, and Lt. Col. Spofford, Major Northrup and Adjutant Buck also spoke, expressing appreciation and promising loyalty, valor and sacrifice. At this time, more than 600,000 men had voluntarily come forward from the North. There were ruminations at this time that the United States might have to fight England again, and officers Lyon and Baker who died at 1st Bull Run, were mentioned. The Reverend J.V. Ferguson, Regiment Chaplain, came forward at the conclusion of the ceremony, “and after a few touching and appropriate remarks, invoked Divine aid and protection in a manner which left a deep and solemn impression upon the assemblage.” Before departure, there were a total of 918 officers and men enrolled in the regiment, 122 of which were from Lewis County. “The men of the 97th were enlisted principally from the farmer, mechanics and woodsmen of the State, and were of a rugged and hardy physique. Many of them were familiar with the use of the rifle and accustomed to daily toil, and especially that labor in the open air which gives solidity to bone and muscle -- an excellent preparation for soldier.” It is said that, “Before their enlistment they had, as a class, been law abiding citizens; but there is to some men so great a change from citizens to soldiers that their habits of life are extremely liable to become loose.” These words preceded a description of the last night of February, 1862, when “a squad of men” from the barracks marched through the town in military order, and forcibly entering the store of Warren Hunt & Co., rolled out casks of liquors, oils and burning fluids and emptied their contents upon the ground, besides committing much other damage to the furniture and fixtures of the store. Another band “expended their mischievous propensities” upon Mr. F. Adams’ bowling alley and billiard saloon, “and having destroyed or damaged every moveable article of furniture, they quietly returned to their quarters. It was never presumed that those who committed these acts of violence were patrons of these establishments.” They were never discovered and punished. It was a severe winter, and the regiment maintained regular military exercises, and “made commendable progress in drill and discipline... and when the time came for its departure for the seat of war it was fully as well prepared for active service as any other regiment coming from the rural districts.” On March 12, 1862, the regiment boarded the train of 18 cars at Boonville which would take them South -- and “cheer after cheer arose from thousands of throats assembled to witness the regiment’s departure.” They were met by “ovation, salutation and encouragement” at Utica, and “tokens of love and affection” at Little Falls, and with a “final parting of dear friends,” the train passed rapidly on to Albany, where they received their first visit by the paymaster.
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