DOCSLIB.ORG

Is Current Soil Classification Relevant to Soil Function and Soil Diversity?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Is Current Soil Classification Relevant to Soil Function and Soil Diversity? Is current soil classification relevant to soil function and soil diversity? 1. Defra Project SP1602 code 2. Project title Is current soil classification relevant to soil function and soil diversity? 3. Contractor Centre for Ecology and Hydrology organisation(s) and Bangor University (subcontractor) 54. Total Defra project costs £ 34,943 (agreed fixed price) 5. Project: start date .............. 01/09/2009 end date ............... 31/08/2010 1 Prediction and inter-dependence of soil quality, function and diversity at a national scale Paul Simfukwea, Rob I. Griffithsc, Bridget A. Emmettb, David L. Jonesa*, Paul W. Hilla, David M. Cooperb and Robert T.E. Millsb. Ed Roweb, David Spurgeonc, Brian Reynoldsb. aSchool of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. bCentre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK cCentre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB Corresponding author: D. L. Jones Corresponding author address: School of the Environment and Natural Resources Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd. LL57 2UW. UK Corresponding author Tel: +44 1248 382579 Corresponding author Fax: +44 1248 354997 Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 2 Abstract Quantifying and understanding the underlying controls of soil functions such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralisation across a wide range of ecosystems are critical to the development of future monitoring and modelling activities for tracking and predicting the impacts of future changes of climate and land use. Soil type may provide one variable for better predicting functions and response of soils as may the quantification of relevant elements of soil biodiversity. To test the relationship between soil type and topsoil function and diversity, soils (0-15cm) were sampled from across the UK using a stratified random approach of landcover types as part of an integrated, national monitoring programme. Soils were characterised for a wide range of physico-chemical properties, basal respiration, high (HMW) and low (LMW) 14C molecular-weight substrate-induced respiration, potential N mineralisation, bacterial and invertebrate diversity indices. Discriminant analysis indicated samples were most divergent in the order physico-chemical variables > function > diversity. Soil type was found to explain only 2% of topsoil invertebate diversity and 12% of bacterial diversity, and between 1 and 17% of various measures of C and N mineralisation. Vegetation type explained on average double the variation in topsoil physico-chemical properties, function and diversity relative to soil type. Key physico-chemical variables which determined topsoil physico-chemical cluster associations were total C and bulk density > soil moisture at field capacity whilst soil function clusters were driven by HMW substrate-induced respiration > soil respiration and bacterial diversity. Other factors tested included phenolics, Ca/Al ratios, and nutrient status. Indices of bacterial and invertebrate diversity, whilst generally following a broad soil pH/carbon gradient, were no better predictors of soil C function than the physico-chemical variables. Potential soil N mineralisation was poorly associated with any fundamental physico-chemical or biodiversity topsoil property although there were differences among vegetation types. Combinations of physico-chemical variables using step- wise regression explained 40-50% of basal respiration, HMW substrate-induced respiration, N mineralisation and bacterial diversity. Variation in LMW substrate-induced efficiency, microbial N mineralisation efficiency and basal respiration efficiency between soils were broadly similar across soils suggesting these fundamental processes are remarkably consistent at a national scale under controlled conditions. The results suggest that soil type, and topsoil diversity are poor predictors of topsoil function and do not enhance predictive capacity of physico-chemical measurements. In conclusion, the functioning of UK topsoils may be more dependent on the quality and quantity of present-day organic matter inputs above and below- ground and/or in situ climatic conditions than soil type and biological diversity. Key words: soil carbon, soil classification, microbial respiration, soil microbial activity, soil diversity, soil properties, nitrogen mineralisation, soil survey 3 1 Introduction With anticipated changes in global climate and land use, there is growing interest in understanding how these perturbations affect soil microbial processes and the consequences this will have on terrestrial ecosystem functioning and resilience (Palm et al., 2007). This knowledge can be used to better predict future ecosystem responses via mathematical models. For example, models such as DNDC and Century have been used to facilitate calculation of country-specific greenhouse gas emissions to meet the IPCC Tier II reporting requirements (Smith et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010). The underlying data used to drive these models is typically derived from national soil inventories and associated maps (Brown et al., 2002). It is therefore vital that these maps accurately reflect the temporal and spatial variability in soil processes. Currently, however, the relationship between microbial diversity and function within and between a wide range of soil types is poorly understood (Wall et al., 2005). One of the most important purposes of a soil classification scheme is for the prediction of soil properties across a range of geographical scales. This is of particular interest to policymakers (e.g. in implementing agri-environment schemes, climate change mitigation, protection of water quality). For this approach to be successful requires that the general tenet that soils in different locations but with the same classification will respond in the same way, holds true. There are a number of assumptions that need to be critically evaluated before accepting this statement such as the consideration that some national classifications were carried out more than 50 years ago when the land use regime, vegetation cover and climatic variables (e.g. rainfall, N and S deposition) may have been significantly different (Vitharana et al., 2008). Furthermore, the scale and accuracy to which soils have been mapped at the landscape level will also be a critical determinant of the reliability of soil maps (Borujeni et al., 2009; Butler, 1980; Vitharana et al., 2008). Specifically, this relates to the potential for abrupt transitions in soil type, which are unrealistic in landscapes where lateral changes in soil are gradual, and that maps essentially ignore spatial variation in soil properties within mapping units (Kempen et al., 2010). This is exemplified by Vitharana et al. (2008) who reported that traditional soil maps were poor predictors of soil chemical properties. Similarly, Jones et al. (2009) found few differences in soil function in relation to organic N cycling over a global latitudinal gradient that encompassed a huge variation in soil type. They ascribed this lack of difference to the large amount of functional redundancy in soil microbial communities suggesting that only some soil processes are highly soil type dependent. Two key soil processes which remain fundamental in providing many ecosystem services are the cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Most current knowledge about the biotic and abiotic controls on C and N cycling has been gathered from discrete local studies on a particular soil type or ecosystem, hampering large scale syntheses across landscapes. Furthermore, the high spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from soil even at local scales suggests that defining values for individual soil types may prove difficult. Through changes in soil C and N cycling, below-ground biodiversity has been assumed to influence, ecosystem stability, productivity and resilience towards stress and disturbance (Bengtsson, 1998; Torsvik and Ovreas, 2002; Nannipieri et al., 2003), yet the explicit relationships 4 between microbial diversity and soil function are largely unknown (Wall et al., 2005). For these reasons there have been many studies using both traditional and modern molecular microbiological techniques attempting to characterise the soil biota, in an attempt to map key microbial groups to specific soil functions. Despite a scarcity of evidence suggesting any clear correlations, there has also been much interest in using measures of soil biodiversity to estimate soil quality or health. Again, a major reason for the lack of synthesis on this subject relates to the spatial or temporally defined nature of much of the work carried out preventing comparison across multiple soil ecosystems. Additionally, synthesis by meta-analyses is often hampered by the lack of standard methods of measurement. At the broadest level there is therefore a fundamental need to link measures of soil function with abiotic and biotic variables across multiple soil ecosystems. Concerted efforts using standard methodologies on multiple soil types offer the best opportunity to interrogate the broad scale abiotic and biotic controls of soil functioning across landscape scales. Whilst incorporating fine scale spatial and temporal variability into models is likely to be problematic, it is probable that specific soil ecosystem types will show different ranges of natural functional variability. The recognition and subsequent experimental manipulation of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Digital Soil Mapping in the Bara District of Nepal Using Kriging Tool in Arcgis
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications Agronomy and Horticulture Department 10-26-2018 Digital soil mapping in the Bara district of Nepal using kriging tool in ArcGIS Dinesh Panday University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Bijesh Maharjan University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Devraj Chalise Nepal Agricultural Research Council Ram Kumar Shrestha Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung, Nepal Bikesh Twanabasu Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat, Munster Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Botany Commons, Horticulture Commons, Other Plant Sciences Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Panday, Dinesh; Maharjan, Bijesh; Chalise, Devraj; Shrestha, Ram Kumar; and Twanabasu, Bikesh, "Digital soil mapping in the Bara district of Nepal using kriging tool in ArcGIS" (2018). Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications. 1130. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub/1130 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. RESEARCH ARTICLE Digital soil mapping in the Bara district of Nepal using kriging tool in ArcGIS 1 1 2 3 Dinesh PandayID *, Bijesh Maharjan , Devraj Chalise , Ram Kumar Shrestha , Bikesh Twanabasu4,5 1 Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America, 2 Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal, 3 Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal, 4 Hexa International Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedometric Mapping
    Wageningen University dissertation no. 3429 Modern users of soil geo-information require finer and finer scales of detail, and maps of soil properties rather than soil classes, along with estimates of the uncertainty. The technological and theoretical advances in the last 20 years have lead to a number of new methodological improvements in the field of soil mapping. Most of these belong to the domain of the new emerging discipline - pedometrics. Pedometric mapping is generally characterised as a quantitative, (geo)statistical production of soil geoinformation, also referred to as the predictive or digital soil mapping. Many new pedometric techniques such as sampling optimisation algorithms, new interpolation techniques, fuzzy or continuous soil maps are, however, still not fully applied in soil mapping at smaller, i.e. regional scales. The polygon-based soil maps with crisp definition of soil classes are still used as the 'state of the art' methodology. For a long time, the term pedometrics has been used as a challenge or contradiction of soil taxonomies, i.e. traditional systems. This thesis is an attempt to bridge the gaps between the empirical and automated methods and improve the practice of soil mapping by designing an integrative pedometric methodology. The thesis covers seven research papers/topics listed down-bellow. SAMPLING - The chapter demonstrates how allocation of points in the feature space influences the efficiency of prediction. It suggests how to represent spatial multivariate soil forming environment; how to optimise sampling design for environmental correlation and which sampling strategies should be used for a general soil survey purposes. PRE-PROCESSING - In this chapter, systematic methods for reduction of errors (artefacts and outliers) in digital terrain parameters are suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Inventory and Soil Classification in Croatia: Historical Review, Current Activities, Future Directions
    Husnjak et al., 2004. Soil inventory and soil classification in Croatia ISRIC World Soil Information Country Series Soil inventory and soil classification in Croatia: historical review, current activities, future directions A B B C S. HUSNJAK , D.G. ROSSITER , T. HENGL & B. MILOŠ ASoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 BInternational Institute for Geo-Information Science & Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede CInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation. Put Duilova 11. PO box 288. 21000 Split Preprint 29 November 2004 Please see http://www.isric.org/ for published version Page 1 Husnjak et al., 2004. Soil inventory and soil classification in Croatia Summary An historical overview of soil survey and soil classification activities in Croatia - including correlation between the Classification of Yugoslav Soils (CYS) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). From 1964 to 1986 a national project to produce a Basic Soil Map of Croatia (BSMC) at 1:50 000 on a topographic base created a purely pedological map by air photo-interpretation and field checks of one full profile and 10 to 30 augerings per 1000 ha; the mostly compound map units refer to the sub-types of the CYS, which is a six-level hierarchy influenced by earlier European systems; keys and class descriptions are mostly qualitative; also, 10 800 geo-referenced profile descriptions with standard laboratory data were recorded. All polygons and profile locations have been digitised; data from 2198 profiles have been systematized in a digital database. The BSMC has been generalised to a Map of Soil Suitability for Cultivation (1:300 000) and Soil Map of Croatia (1:1M) using the FAO 1990 legend.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedometric Mapping of Key Topsoil and Subsoil Attributes Using Proximal and Remote Sensing in Midwest Brazil
    UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE AGRONOMIA E MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA PEDOMETRIC MAPPING OF KEY TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL ATTRIBUTES USING PROXIMAL AND REMOTE SENSING IN MIDWEST BRAZIL RAÚL ROBERTO POPPIEL TESE DE DOUTORADO EM AGRONOMIA BRASÍLIA/DF MARÇO/2020 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE AGRONOMIA E MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA PEDOMETRIC MAPPING OF KEY TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL ATTRIBUTES USING PROXIMAL AND REMOTE SENSING IN MIDWEST BRAZIL RAÚL ROBERTO POPPIEL ORIENTADOR: Profa. Dra. MARILUSA PINTO COELHO LACERDA CO-ORIENTADOR: Prof. Titular JOSÉ ALEXANDRE MELO DEMATTÊ TESE DE DOUTORADO EM AGRONOMIA BRASÍLIA/DF MARÇO/2020 ii iii REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA POPPIEL, R. R. Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília- Brasília, 2019; 105p. (Tese de Doutorado em Agronomia). CESSÃO DE DIREITOS NOME DO AUTOR: Raúl Roberto Poppiel TÍTULO DA TESE DE DOUTORADO: Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil. GRAU: Doutor ANO: 2020 É concedida à Universidade de Brasília permissão para reproduzir cópias desta tese de doutorado e para emprestar e vender tais cópias somente para propósitos acadêmicos e científicos. O autor reserva outros direitos de publicação e nenhuma parte desta tese de doutorado pode ser reproduzida sem autorização do autor. ________________________________________________ Raúl Roberto Poppiel CPF: 703.559.901-05 Email: [email protected] Poppiel, Raúl Roberto Pedometric mapping of key topsoil and subsoil attributes using proximal and remote sensing in Midwest Brazil/ Raúl Roberto Poppiel. -- Brasília, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Organic Carbon Across Mexico and the Conterminous United States
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Soil Organic Carbon Across Mexico and the Conterminous 10.1029/2019GB006219 United States (1991–2010) Key Points: Mario Guevara1 , Carlos Arroyo2, Nathaniel Brunsell3 , Carlos O. Cruz4, Grant Domke5 , • Multisource topsoil organic carbon 2 7 8 6 4 prediction and prediction variance Julian Equihua , Jorge Etchevers , Daniel Hayes , Tomislav Hengl , Alejandro Ibelles , in Mexico and the conterminous Kris Johnson5, Ben de Jong9 , Zamir Libohova10, Ricardo Llamas1 , Lucas Nave11, United States Jose L. Ornelas4, Fernando Paz7, Rainer Ressl2, Anita Schwartz12 , Arturo Victoria4, • Calculated stocks of 46–47 Pg of SOC 10 1 (0‐ to 30‐cm depth, years 1991–2010) Skye Wills , and Rodrigo Vargas using a simulated annealing 1 2 regression framework Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Comisión Nacional para el • Predicted stocks >30% below recent Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico City, Mexico, 3Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, The global estimates that are largely University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA, 4Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Aguascalientes, Mexico, 5U.S. based on legacy data Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN, USA, 6EnvirometriX Ltd—Research, Innovation and Consultancy, Wageningen, Netherlands, 7Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Supporting Information: 8 9 • Supporting Information S1 México, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA, Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad 10 11 • Table S1 Campeche, Campeche, Mexico, National Soil Resource Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE, USA, The International • Table S2 Soil Carbon Network, University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI, USA, 12Information Technologies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Correspondence to: R.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Elevation Models Obtained by Contour Lines E SRTM/Topodata For
    Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management Vol. 3(5), pp. 104-109, May 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JSSEM DOI: 10.5897/JSSEM11.136 ISSN 2141-2391 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Digital elevation models obtained by contour lines and SRTM/Topodata, for digital soil mapping Marina R. Bilich Neumann1*, Henrique L. Roig2 and André Luiz F. de Souza3 1Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. 2Institute of Geosciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. 3National Company of Food Supply, Brasilia, Brazil. Accepted 27 March, 2012 In the last decade, the quantitative models for digital mapping of soils have experienced rapid development of new methods, more efficient and economic. One reason is due, mainly, to the increase of auxiliary information of physical environment, especially, the images from remote sensing and terrain attributes derived from digital elevation models. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of digital elevation models obtained by contour lines and from SRTM/Topodata resample to 30 m for digital soil mapping. Both digital elevation models were assessed for vertical quality and the potential to derive terrain attributes which captured the main processes that occurred in the area. To enable comparison, all digital elevation models were generated with a 30 m spatial resolution. The SRTM/Topodata and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) tends to underestimate elevation in peaks and ridges, and at this fine scale, the 1:10,000 cartography contour lines produce a more accurate and more detailed DEM. However, due to the size of Brazil in a lack of soils maps with good scale, the availability and spatial coverage of the SRTM/Topodata make it a desirable option.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedometric Mapping
    PEDOMETRIC MAPPING bridging the gaps between conventional and pedometric approaches Tomislav Hengl ITC Dissertation number 101 ITC, P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands ISBN: 90-5808-896-0 Copyright © 2003 by Tomislav Hengl, [email protected] Thesis Wageningen University and ITC with summary in Dutch and Croatian All rights reserved. No part of this book may be published, reproduced, or stored in a database or retrieval system, in any form or in any way, either mechanically, electronically, by print, photocopy, microfilm, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the author. Pedometric mapping bridging the gaps between conventional and pedometric approaches Ph.D. THESIS to fulfill the requirements for the degree of doctor on the authority of the Rector Magnificus of Wageningen University, Prof. dr.ir L. Speelman, to be publicly defended on Wednesday 17 September 2003 at 15.00 hrs in the auditorium of ITC, Enschede PROMOTOR: Prof.dr.ir. A. Stein, (Wageningen University and ITC, Enschede) CO-PROMOTORS: Dr. D.G. Rossiter, (ITC, Enschede) Dr. S. Husnjak, (Department of Soil Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb) EXAMINING COMMITTEE: Prof.dr.ir. A. Bregt, (Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Prof.dr. A.B. McBratney, (Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Sydney, Sydney) Dr.ir. G.B.M. Heuvelink, (Laboratory of Soil Science and Geology, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Dr.ir. P.A. Finke, (Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Foreword This book is a small contribution to pedometric methodology, specifically to map- ping methods. It could serve as a handbook or a user’s guide for anyone seeking to collate soil geoinformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Relevamiento De Suelos Utilizando Las Nuevas Técnicas De Geomática: Un Caso En Santiago Del Estero, Argentina
    Relevamiento de suelos utilizando las nuevas técnicas de Geomática: un caso en Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Ing. Agr. MSc. CRISTINA ANGUEIRA DE PRIETO DOCTORANDO Dr. MANUEL SANCHEZ DE LA ORDEN Dra.DIRECTORES ISABEL LUISA CASTILLEJO GONZALEZ INGENIERIA GRAFICA E INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIONDEPARTAMENTO CARTOGRAFICA UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA ESPAÑA TITULO: Revelamiento de suelos utilizando las nuevas técnicas de Geomática: un caso de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. AUTOR: Cristina Angueira de Prieto © Edita: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba. 2016 Campus de Rabanales Ctra. Nacional IV, Km. 396 A 14071 Córdoba www.uco.es/publicaciones [email protected] Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática TESIS DOCTORAL Relevamiento de suelos utilizando las nuevas técnicas de Geomática: un caso en Santiago del Estero, Argentina Maria Cristina Angueira de Prieto Córdoba, Noviembre 2015 UNVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática Relevamiento deTESIS suelos utilizando DOCTORAL las nuevas técnicas de Geomática: un caso en Santiago del Estero, Argentina Directores: Dr. D. Manuel Sánchez de la Orden Dra.Maria Dª Isabel Cristina Luisa Angueira Castillejo deGonzalez Prieto Autor: Córdoba, Noviembre 2015 TÍTULO DE LA TESIS: RELEVAMIENTO DE SUELOS UTILIZANDO LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS DE GEOMÁTICA: UN CASO EN SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, ARGENTINA DOCTORANDO/A:Mª CRISTINA ANGUEIRA DE PRIETO INFORME RAZONADO DEL/DE LOS DIRECTOR/ES DE LA TESIS Manuel Sánchez de la Orden e Isabel Luisa Castillejo González, como directores de la tesis titulada “RELEVAMIENTO DE SUELOS UTILIZANDO LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS DE GEOMÁTICA: UN CASO EN SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, ARGENTINA” realizada por Mª Cristina Angueira de Prieto, INFORMAN: Que dicha Tesis Doctoral ha sido realizada bajo nuestra dirección.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedometric Mapping of Soil Organic Matter Using a Soil Map with Quantified Uncertainty
    European Journal of Soil Science, June 2010, 61, 333–347 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01232.x Pedometric mapping of soil organic matter using a soil map with quantified uncertainty B. Kempena,b , G. B. M. Heuvelinka,b ,D.J.Brusb & J. J. Stoorvogela aWageningen University, Land Dynamics Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands, and bAlterra, Soil Science Centre, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands Summary This paper compares three models that use soil type information from point observations and a soil map to map the topsoil organic matter content for the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. The models differ in how the information on soil type is obtained: model 1 uses soil type as depicted on the soil map for calibration and prediction; model 2 uses soil type as observed in the field for calibration and soil type as depicted on the map for prediction; and model 3 uses observed soil type for calibration and a pedometric soil map with quantified uncertainty for prediction. Calibration of the trend on observed soil type resulted in a much stronger predictive relationship between soil organic matter content and soil type than calibration on mapped soil type. Validation with an independent probability sample showed that model 3 out-performed models 1 and 2 in terms of the mean squared error. However, model 3 over-estimated the prediction error variance and so was too pessimistic about prediction accuracy. Model 2 performed the worst: it had the largest mean squared error and the prediction error variance was strongly under-estimated.
    [Show full text]
  • GUEVARA Udel 0060D 1
    COUNTRY TO GLOBAL PREDICTION OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND SOIL MOISTURE USING DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING by Mario Guevara A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant and Soil Sciences Winter 2020 © 2020 Mario Guevara All Rights Reserved COUNTRY TO GLOBAL PREDICTION OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND SOIL MOISTURE USING DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING by Mario Guevara Approved: __________________________________________________________ Erik H. Ervin, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Mark Rieger, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: __________________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education and Dean of the Graduate College I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Rodrigo Vargas, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Bruce Vasilas, Ph.D. Member of dissertation
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Prediction of Soil Organic Matter Content Integrating Artificial
    Ecological Indicators 45 (2014) 184–194 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Spatial prediction of soil organic matter content integrating artificial neural network and ordinary kriging in Tibetan Plateau a,b a a b b,∗ Fuqiang Dai , Qigang Zhou , Zhiqiang Lv , Xuemei Wang , Gangcai Liu a College of Tourism and Land Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China b Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu 610041, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Soil organic matter (SOM) content is considered as an important indicator of soil quality. An accurate Received 20 January 2014 spatial prediction of SOM content is so important for estimating soil organic carbon pool and monitoring Received in revised form 21 March 2014 change in it over time at a regional scale. Due to the unfavourable natural conditions in Tibetan Plateau, Accepted 1 April 2014 soil sampling with high density is time consuming and expensive. As a result, little research has focused on the spatial prediction of SOM content in Tibet because of shortage of data. We used a two-stage Keywords: process that integrated an artificial neural network (ANN) and the estimation of its residuals by ordinary Soil organic matter kriging to produce accurate SOM content maps based on sparsely distributed observations and available Digital soil mapping auxiliary information. SOM content data were obtained from a soil survey in Tibet and were used to train Artificial neural network and validate the ANN-kriging methodology.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Soil Mapping of Landscape Units and Salinity Across the Bourke Irrigation
    Digital Soil Mapping Of Landscape Units And Salinity Across The Bourke Irrigation District Ehsan Zare A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences March 2017 Abstract In Bourke Irrigation district (BID), one of the most productive agricultural soil types is the Vertosol which has been extensively developed for irrigated agricultural production. However, there have been increasing instances of decline in productivity as a result of secondary soil salinization due to injudicious location of water storages and conveyance channels in irrigated farmlands. Therefore, it is important to map the soil in this area to understand the long-term sustainability issues and spatial variability in soil types. A great deal of soil data is required to characterise large areas such as BID. One approach is to use digital soil mapping (DSM) methods because they rely on the use of low-cost ancillary data to value add to limited soil information via the use of spatial and non-spatial numerical methods. In this thesis, two different DSM approaches are used in order to identify soil landscape units and a soil property (i.e. ECe dS/m). Firstly ancillary data, including remotely sensed air-borne gamma-ray (-ray) spectrometer (i.e. potassium-K, uranium-U, thorium-Th and total counts-TC) and proximal sensed EM38 in the horizontal (EM38h) and vertical (EM38v) mode of operation are used with a non-spatial numerical clustering algorithm (fuzzy k-means: FKM). The FKM analysis (using Mahalanobis metric) of the kriged ancillary (i.e.
    [Show full text]