Malton Political Associations
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Political connections Malton has been associated with national politics since its origin. It returned 2 MPs to Parliament from 1640-1832, and one from 1833-1885. The MPs’ identities reflected not only local but national power relationships throughout this period. Eustace Fitzjohn delivered the castles of Alnwick and Malton to the army of David, king of Scotland who was fighting in support of the claim of Maud, his niece, to the crown held by King Stephen. The Scots garrison at Malton castle was removed by an army of northern nobles under the direction of Archbishop Thurstan of York, who then burned the town in retribution for its affiliation during this, the first English civil war, some would say. Eustace Fitzjohn returned from temporary exile in Scotland to begin rebuilding and fortifying the town and its castle site. Whilst not overtly involved in national politics, the Eures were important regional players, being Lords of various Marches, and several of the male line died in battle – at Towton during the wars of the roses; at Ancram Moor, the culmination of a Eure-led military rampage across southern Scotland which had included the burning and sacking of Edinburgh and Melrose; at Marston Moor, fighting for the Royalist cause, during the English Civil War. Sir William Eure was born 1485 and knighted ‘beneath the banner’ at Tournay in 1513. He was the Sheriff of County Durham 1519-23, of Northumberland, 1526-27 and Lieutenant of the Middle Marches after 1522. By 1538, he was Captain of the town and castle of Berwick and Warden of the East Marches and was a member of the Council of the North after 1540. He owned Warkworth as well as Malton and lived mainly at Witton Castle. He was created Lord Eure in 1544, dying in 1547. His eldest son Ralph had already died at the battle of Ancram Moor, itself the culmination of a blood- letting adventure begun some months earlier with the burning of Edinburgh by Hertford’s army of which Eure’s 4,000 regiment of Border Horse had been a part. During the following July – November 1544, “ ‘The whole number of towns, towers, steads, bastell houses seized, destroyed and burnt in all the border country was an hundred and ninety-two. Scots slain, 400, prisoners taken, 815, nolt 10,386, sheep 12,492, nags and geldings 1,296, gatys 200, bolls of corn 850, inside gear, etc, an infinite quantity’” (Haynes, Murdin, collection of state papers left by William Cecil Lord Burghley). In September, Eikford church and town were burned, as well as Moss Tower, its 34 occupants slain; more than 500 nolt and 600 sheep taken, as well as 100 horse-loads of loot from the tower. Coldingham Abbey was seized and Melrose ransacked before Eure’s raiders were confronted at Ancrum Moor by an army under the command of the Earl of Arran. Sir Ralph was buried at Melrose. His son William inherited upon his grandfather’s death, becoming the 2 nd Lord Eure. He became Captain of Berwick castle and Warden of the Middle Marches, but lived mainly at Ingleby Greenhow, where his house around 2 courtyards survives. Built in the C16, it seems likely to have been the 2 nd Lord Eure’s creation. (Ralph, 3 rd Lord Eure sold Ingleby in 1608, having built his own Prodigy House in Malton by 1604). William also had a house in York, where he commanded the County Militia that resisted the ‘Rising of the Northern Earls’ and was Vice-President of the Council of the North, as well as the Protestant that such a position required (the Eures of Malton during the C17 were Catholics, suggesting that the 2 nd Lord Eure’s Protestantism may have been pragmatic rather than real. His participation in the minor persecution of local Catholics may confirm, rather than confound this). He died in 1593 and was buried at Ingleby. Ralph, 3 rd Lord Eure was born at Berwick Castle in 1558. He married Mary Dawnay, receiving a dowry of £2,000 (£340,000, 2008), which may have contributed significantly to his building fund in Malton. He lived mainly at Ingleby and then Malton. Contrary to received wisdom, it is unlikely that he had an earlier house upon the Castle site after 1569. The Prodigy House was built immediately after his acquisition of the Clifford share of the castle and manor of New Malton in 1599. Any residence he had in Malton prior to the construction of the new house in 1604 was likely elsewhere in town – perhaps on the site of Strickland’s hunting lodge, or even York House. Ralph Eure attended St John’s College, Cambridge and then travelled widely across Europe during 1582 and 1583: to France, Italy and Germany, becoming proficient in several languages as well as in classical architectural detail, on the evidence of the former gatehouse, the Old Lodge, the detail of which displays unusual sophistication for its time. He became MP for Yorkshire in 1584 and was part of the commission that negotiated with James VI his transition to the English throne. He was Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1593 and became a member of the Council of the North after 1594; Vice President of the Council after 1600. He was briefly Warden of the Middle March in 1595 but, perhaps reflecting the southward shifting of the family, his authority was not accepted by local lords. By 1599, when he extended his ownership of Malton, he was raising an army in the North Riding to serve in Ireland. He was prevailed upon by Elizabeth 1 to act as ‘Ambassador Extraordinary’ in later life as a result, to the King of Denmark and the Emperor Rudolph II in 1603. By 1604 he had completed a large mansion on the site of Malton Castle. This was compared at the time to Temple Newsam and Audley End, but no images of it survive and little obvious trace on the ground. Purey-Cast, writing in 1890 said that “ It is easy to trace the site...it must have extended round 3 sides of a quadrangle similar to Cobham Hall in Kent...The gateway...has been converted into a charming hall [using panelling and probably chimney pieces recycled from the mansion after 1674]. Above a curiously carved wooden chimney piece are still the arms of Lord Eure.” Barker elaborates: “Another sitting room is panelled with Jacobean panelling. Pillars in pairs break into separate panels the wainscoting round the room. Elaborately carved pilasters support the mantelpiece, which consists of four bas reliefs depicting the story of Jonah, in carved oak” (p50) Both of these chimney pieces – almost certainly made originally for the Prodigy House - were stolen from the Lodge around 1992, though the over-mantle of one, bearing the Eure arms, remains as a dislocated decoration on a wall. This theft was one of the more serious losses of cultural property in Malton’s history and certainly one of the most avoidable. Ongoing efforts should be made to locate these chimney pieces so that they might be re-united with the site in the future. In 1607, Ralph was appointed President of the Council of the Marches of Wales, and was buried in Ludlow upon his death there in 1617. In 1611, his son William, yet to become 4 th Lord Eure, had purchased the Conyers third of the Manors of New Malton, Welham and Sutton, thus consolidating ownership of the whole manor – and very much of the town – in the hands of the Eures. He lived at Ingleby, but this was sold in 1608. In 1622, William, now Lord Eure sold his holdings in Stokesley and also Witton Castle. The Eure Estates and their influence had begun to seriously wane by this time, having each reached their peak under his father Ralph. William was a Catholic and a recusant, a serious disadvantage politically and financially at this time. In 1625, Lord Clifford seized arms and armour from the house, to raise monies to pay fines associated with the Eure recusancy. In 1632, the house was besieged, and then seized after a breach in its wall was ‘battered by a great piece ordnance’. The house was returned immediately but by 1635 William was opining that trustees, “ to pay his debts, had sold most of his estate and leased the rest and yet many debts remained unpaid. He offered to make any settlement, provided he retained the Malton house, the honour of his family and the park” (Barker, 53). Eure claimed that £32,000 had been taken out of his estate - £2,853,000 in modern currency values. William, 4 th Lord Eure died in 1646. He was buried in the former Priory Church at Old Malton. His second son William pre-deceased him, killed fighting Cromwell’s New Model Army at Marston Moor, as did his eldest son, Ralph, who had been killed in a duel. Reflecting the diminishing fortunes of the family, William had sold all of his lands for £6000. His wife had written in 1642 that “ Times are soe bad here we have not made on peney on ower coles, and we have not received on peney from Misterton [her family lands], soe my husband was forst to send for thos rents as were gathered up to keepe life and soule together, which was but on hundred pounds. I still have half my rents behind. I am in such a great rage with Parliament ...for they promised us all should be well if my Lord Strafford’s [Sir Thomas Wentworth, whose descendants were to purchase all remaining Eure lands in Malton, 1n 1713] head ware off, and since there is nothing better’” (Margaret Eure, nee Denton, 1642, in Barker 56) The Eure estates and title were inherited by Ralph’s son William, still a child, in 1646.