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Toxicological Profile for Zinc
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR ZINC U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry August 2005 ZINC ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ZINC iii UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicological Profile for Zinc, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2003. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 ZINC vi *Legislative Background The toxicological profiles are developed in response to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public law 99-499) which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This public law directed ATSDR to prepare toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the EPA. The availability of the revised priority list of 275 hazardous substances was announced in the Federal Register on November 17, 1997 (62 FR 61332). For prior versions of the list of substances, see Federal Register notices dated April 29, 1996 (61 FR 18744); April 17, 1987 (52 FR 12866); October 20, 1988 (53 FR 41280); October 26, 1989 (54 FR 43619); October 17, 1990 (55 FR 42067); October 17, 1991 (56 FR 52166); October 28, 1992 (57 FR 48801); and February 28, 1994 (59 FR 9486). -
FACT SHEET Hexavalent Chromium (Particulate Compounds)
FACT SHEET Hexavalent Chromium (Particulate Compounds) CAS Number: Hexavalent chromium 18540-29-9 (Please see the hexavalent chromium development support document for a list of applicable hexavalent chromium compounds) This fact sheet provides a summary of the Development Support Document (DSD) created by the TCEQ Toxicology Division (TD) for the development of Regulatory Guidelines (ESLs, AMCVs and ReVs) for ambient air exposure to this chemical. For more detailed information, please see the DSD or contact the TD by phone (1-877-992-8370) or e-mail ([email protected]). What is hexavalent chromium? Chromium can occur naturally in the environment and is found in rocks, soil, animals, and plants. The most common forms of chromium are: chromium (0) or the metal chromium, chromium III or trivalent chromium, and chromium VI or hexavalent chromium. While the metal form of chromium is used for making steel, the hexavalent and trivalent forms of chromium are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preservation. How are hexavalent chromium compounds released into ambient air? Chromium is released into the atmosphere primarily by man-made processes such as industrial, commercial, and residential fuel combustion, and via the combustion of natural gas, oil, and coal. Metal industries, such as chrome plating and steel production, are also important man-made stationary point sources of chromium emissions to air. Other potentially small sources of chromium air emissions include cement-producing plants, the incineration of municipal refuse and sewage sludge, and emissions from chromium-based automotive catalytic converters. Emissions from cooling towers that previously used chromate chemicals as rust inhibitors may also be atmospheric sources of chromium. -
Effects of Welding on Health IV Effects of Welding on Health IV
Effects of Welding on Health IV Effects of Welding on Health IV An up-dated (December 1980-June 1982) literature survey and evaluation of the data recorded since the publication of the first report, to understand and improve the occupational health of welding personnel. By Winifred G. Palmer Submitted by: Tracor Jitco 1776 E. Jefferson Street Rockville, MD 20852 Submitted to: SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126 International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-230-X American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 ©1983 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved. This report is published as a service and convenience to the welding industry and is the product of an independent contractor (Tracor Jitco) which is solely responsible for its contents. The materials in this report have not been independently reviewed or verified and are only offered as information. AWS assumes no responsibility for any claims that may arise from the use of this information. Users must make independent investigations to determine the applicability of this information for their purposes. Printed in the United States of America Contents Personnel v Acknowledgements vii Preface ix Introduction xi Executive Summary xiii Technical Summary xv /. The Exposure 1 1.1 Fumes 1 1.2 Gases 5 1.3 Protective Coatings 7 1.4 Electromagnetic Radiation 9 1.5 Noise 10 2. Effects of Welding on Human Health 11 2.1 Respiratory Tract 11 2.2 Cancer 15 2.3 Effects on the Ear and Hearing 19 2.4 Effects on the Eye and Vision 19 2.5 Effects on the Skin 20 2.6 Effects on the Cardiovascular System 21 2.7 Effects on the Nervous System 21 2.8 Effects on the Liver 22 2.9 Effects on the Musculoskeletal System 22 2.10 Effects on the Urogenital Tract 23 2.11 Effects on the Teeth and Oral Cavity 23 2.12 Metal Fume Fever 23 2.13 Sensitivity to Fume Components 23 2.14 Biochemical Changes 24 2.15 Human Fatality 25 2.16 Occupational Medicine 25 3. -
Material Safety Data Sheet Material Safety Data
Date : 23/01/2012. Previous version : 05/12/2011. Page 1/15 MSDS According to the REACH regulation 1907/2006/EC and CLP (GHS) regulation 1272/2008/EC. 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE AND OF THE COMPANY Trade Name / Substance Name: ZINC CHROMATE CZ20/CZ40 (IUPAC: Potassium dizinc dioxido-dioxo chromium hydroxide) REACH registration Number: 01-2119605164-50-0000 Relevant identified uses of the substance and uses advised against: anticorrosive pigment for paints (solid corrosion inhibitor). Pigment reserved for industrial use only (OEM): Aerospace and car refinishing. Manufacturer : SOCIETE NOUVELLE DES COULEURS ZINCIQUES Plant Sales department BP 59 45/49 Chaussée Jules César 59111 Bouchain 95250 Beauchamp FRANCE FRANCE Tel : + 33 (0)1 30 40 57 57 Fax : + 33 (0)1 39 60 78 34 E-mail : [email protected] MSDS contact : [email protected] Europe emergency contact : + 33 (0)1 30 40 57 57 (SNCZ - France). 24-hour emergency number (USA) : 800 424 9300 ( CHEMTREC - USA ). 24-hour international emergency number : + 1 703 527 3887 ( CHEMTREC - USA ). 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification according to Regulation 1272/2008/EC [CLP/GHS Annex VI] Hazard pictogram : Signal word : DANGER Hazard statements : H350 May cause cancer by dust inhalation. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statements: Prevention: P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P273 Avoid release to the environment. Response: P264 Wash thoroughly after handling. P308 P313 If exposed or concerned : get medical advice/attention. P391 Collect spillage. -
Barium, Zinc and Strontium Yellows in Late 19Th–Early 20Th Century Oil Paintings Vanessa Otero1* , Marta F
Otero et al. Herit Sci (2017) 5:46 DOI 10.1186/s40494-017-0160-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Barium, zinc and strontium yellows in late 19th–early 20th century oil paintings Vanessa Otero1* , Marta F. Campos1, Joana V. Pinto2, Márcia Vilarigues1, Leslie Carlyle1 and Maria João Melo1 Abstract This work focuses on the study of the 19th century yellow chromate pigments based on barium (BaCrO 4), zinc (4ZnCrO4 K2O 3H2O) and strontium (SrCrO4). These pigments, which are reported to shift in hue and darken, have been found· in· 19th century artworks. A better understanding of their historic manufacture will contribute to the visual/chemical interpretation of change in these colours. Research was carried out on the Winsor & Newton (W&N) 19th century archive database providing a unique insight into their manufacturing processes. One hundred and three production records were found, 69% for barium, 25% for zinc and 6% for strontium chromates, mainly under the names Lemon, Citron and Strontian Yellow, respectively. Analysis of the records shows that each pigment is charac- terised by only one synthetic pathway. The low number of records found for the production of strontium chromate suggests W&N was not selling this pigment formulation on a large scale. Furthermore, contrary to what the authors have discovered for W&N chrome yellow pigments, extenders were not added to these pigment formulations, most probably due to their lower tinting strength (TS). The latter was calculated in comparison to pure chrome yellow (PbCrO4, 100% TS) resulting in 92% for barium, 65% for zinc potassium and 78% for strontium chromate pigments. -
Chromium Hexavalent Compounds
SUBSTANCE PROFILES Chromium Hexavalent Compounds* Additional Information Relevant to Carcinogenicity Known to be human carcinogens Chromosomal aberrations (changes in chromosome structure or First Listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens (1980) number), sister chromatid exchange, and aneuploidy (extra or missing Carcinogenicity chromosomes) were observed in workers exposed to chromium(VI) compounds. Chromium(VI) compounds also caused genetic damage Chromium hexavalent (VI) compounds are known to be human in a variety of test systems. Most caused mutations and DNA damage carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. in bacteria; however, the poorly soluble compounds had to be Epidemiological studies in various geographical locations have dissolved in acids or alkalies to produce genetic effects. A few consistently reported increased risks of lung cancer among workers compounds also caused mutations in yeast and insects. Many engaged in chromate production, chromate pigment production, and chromium(VI) compounds caused genetic damage in cultured human chromium plating. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer among and other animal cells and in experimental animals exposed in vivo. ferrochromium workers were inconclusive. Exposure to specific The compounds tested included ammonium chromate and chromium compounds varies by industry. Chromate production workers dichromate, calcium chromate, chromium trioxide, sodium chromate are exposed to a variety of chromium compounds, including and dichromate, potassium chromate and dichromate, strontium chromium(VI) and trivalent (III) compounds. Chromate pigment chromate, and the industrial product basic zinc chromate (zinc workers are exposed to chromates in the pigment and to soluble yellow). Among the types of genetic damage observed were gene chromium(VI) compounds used in pigment production. -
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality Risk Analysis Background Documentation AAL Recommendation (1-11-91) THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL January 11, 1991 Gladys VanPelt, PhD Chair, Air Quality Committee Environmental Management Commission Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 Dear Dr. VanPelt: Re: Acceptable Ambient Levels for Chromium Compounds In its meeting on November 15, 1990, the Scientific Advisory Board on Toxic Air Pollutants unanimously adopted a motion to recommend to the Environmental Management Commission that the following listed Acceptable Ambient Levels for chromium compounds be adopted by the Commission: COMPOUND EFFECT AAL (mg/m3) Bioavailable pigments human cancer 8.3 X 10-8 Chromate and dichromate salts of: Calcium Strontium Zinc Soluble chromate compounds nose ulceration 6.2 X 10-4 Chromic acid Chromate and dichromate salts of: Potassium Sodium Ammonium Lithium chromate none reported none North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality The recommended AAL's for chromate and dichromate salts of calcium and strontium are unchanged from those listed in part .1104(b) of the current regulation. The current regulation does not list chromate compounds of zinc. The new AAL recommended by the Board reflects the recognition of chromate salts of zinc as human carcinogens. The compounds listed above in the category "soluble chromate compounds" are suspect carcinogens; the AAL calculated for this classification of carcinogens is more lenient than that for their known effect in nose ulceration. Adoption of the more stringent AAL based on nose ulceration is recommended. -
Chromium Hexavalent Compounds
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Chromium Hexavalent Compounds oral cavity (squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa) in rats and increased the combined incidence of benign and malignant tumors CAS No. 18540-29-9 (adenoma and carcinoma) of the small intestine (duodenum, jeju- num, or ileum) in mice (NTP 2008). Known to be human carcinogens First listed in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens (1980) Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Carcinogenicity Chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and aneu- ploidy were observed in workers exposed to chromium(VI) com- Chromium hexavalent (VI) compounds are known to be human car- pounds. Chromium(VI) compounds also caused genetic damage in a cinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from stud- variety of test systems. Most caused mutations and DNA damage in ies in humans. bacteria; however, the poorly soluble compounds had to be dissolved in acids or alkalis to produce genetic effects. A few compounds also Cancer Studies in Humans caused mutations in yeast and insects. Many chromium(VI) com- Epidemiological studies in various geographical locations have consis- pounds caused genetic damage in cultured human and other animal tently reported increased risks of lung cancer among workers engaged cells and in experimental animals exposed in vivo. The compounds in chromate production, chromate pigment production, and chro- tested included ammonium chromate and dichromate, calcium mium plating. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer among ferro- chromate, chromium trioxide, sodium chromate and dichromate, chromium workers were inconclusive. Exposure to specific chromium potassium chromate and dichromate, strontium chromate, and the in- compounds varies by industry. -
SUPERPRIMER: CHROMATE FREE COATING SYSTEM for Dod
“SUPERPRIMER”: Chromate-Free Coating System For DoD Applications A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering of the College of Engineering By TRILOK RANJAN MUGADA B.Tech, Chemical Engineering Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India, August 2001 Committee Chair: Dr. William J. van Ooij 2 ABSTRACT The idea of this research topic was to develop a novel, environmentally benign coating system for metal alloy structural components in DoD systems. The coating was chromate-free and contained little or no volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). The integrated organosilane system replaced the chromate system entirely including all chromate pretreatment and all corrosion-inhibiting chromate pigments. The complete system and also most or all of its components were water- borne. The term used to denote this particular primer is “superprimer.” This primer was based on organofunctional silanes that possess an extraordinary ability to protect metals against corrosion. The proposed work integrated organosilanes into a full water-borne coating system. The objective was to replace the current system (metal pretreatment, primer and topcoat) with no sacrifice of corrosion performance. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview on important concepts including corrosion and its control, significance of chromium in corrosion control and its use, silane technology, idea of the superprimer and the objective of this thesis. Chapter 2 gives information about the materials used for preparation of the superprimer. Procedures used for the testing and preparation of the superprimer are discussed. -
Metal Toxicity and the Respiratory Tract
Eur Respir J REVIEW 1990,3,202-219 Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract B. Nemery Melal toxicity and the respiralory tract. B. Nemery. Laboratory of Long Toxicology, Division of Pneu ABSTRACT: The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends mology and Dept of Occupational Medicine, K. U. on the nature of the offending agent, Its physicochemical form, the dose, Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl Correspondence: B. Nernery, Laboratorium , ), Longtoxicologie, Kapucijnenvoer3S, B-3000 Leuven, (NI(C0)4 zinc chloride (ZnCI ), vanadium pentoxide (V20 5 may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobron Belgium. chitJs. Metal fume fever, whlc.h may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood Influenza Keywords: Awtetracheobronchitis; bronchial asthma; chemical pneumonitis; chronic obstructive lung dis like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitls. ease; fibrosing alveolitis; interstitial lung disorder; Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to lung cancer; metal fume fever; metals; occupational mineral dusts, including probably some metaliic dusts, or from jobs involv lung diseases; pneumoconiosis. ing the worldng of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex Received: May 29, 1989; accepted after revision July platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic 31, 1989. sensitlzatlon. The cause of asthma In aluminium workers Is unknown. -
Toxicological Profile for Zinc
ZINC 119 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Information concerning the chemical identity of elemental zinc and zinc compounds is listed in Table 4-1. Zinc is a naturally occurring element found in the earth=s surface rocks. Because of its reactivity, zinc metal is not found as the free element in nature. There are approximately 55 mineralized forms of zinc. The most important zinc minerals in the world are sphalerite (ZnS), smithsonite (ZnCO3), and hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH2)H2O). Zinc appears in Group IIB of the periodic table and has two common oxidation states, Zn(0) and Zn(+2). Zinc forms a variety of different compounds, such as zinc chloride, zinc oxide, and zinc sulfate (Goodwin 1998; Ohnesorge and Wilhelm 1991; WHO 2001). 4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information regarding the physical and chemical properties of elemental zinc and zinc compounds is located in Table 4-2. Zinc is a lustrous, blue-white metal that burns in air with a bluish-green flame. It is stable in dry air, but upon exposure to moist air, it becomes covered with a film of zinc oxide or basic carbonate (e.g., 2ZnCO3·3Zn(OH)2) isolating the underlying metal and retarding further corrosion. Bonding in zinc compounds tends to be covalent, as in the sulfide and oxide (Goodwin 1998). In solution, four to six ligands can be coordinated with the zinc ion. Zinc has a strong tendency to react with acidic, alkaline, and inorganic compounds. Since zinc is amphoteric (i.e., capable of reacting chemically either as an acid 2- or a base), it also forms zincates (e.g., [Zn(OH)3H2O]- and [Zn(OH)4] ) (Goodwin 1998; Ohnesorge and Wilhelm 1991; WHO 2001). -
Website Other Effects ( Or in Your Facility’S RTK F Zinc Potassium Chromate Can Irritate the Lungs
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE Synonyms: Buttercup Yellow; Citron Yellow; Zinc Yellow CAS Number: 11103-86-9 Chemical Name: Potassium Zinc Chromate Hydroxide RTK Substance Number: 2042 Date: September 1998 Revision: February 2008 DOT Number: None Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE BACK PAGE Zinc Potassium Chromate is a green-yellow, odorless solid or Hazard Summary powder. It is used as a rust inhibitor in metal paints and as an Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA artist’s color. HEALTH 4 - FLAMMABILITY 0 - REACTIVITY 0 - CARCINOGEN POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Reasons for Citation 4=severe f Zinc Potassium Chromate is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, f Zinc Potassium Chromate can affect you when inhaled and ACGIH, NIOSH, NTP, DEP, IARC, IRIS and EPA. by passing through the skin. f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance f Zinc Potassium Chromate is a CARCINOGEN. HANDLE List. WITH EXTREME CAUTION. f Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. f Inhaling Zinc Potassium Chromate can irritate the nose, throat and lungs. f Inhaling Zinc Potassium Chromate can cause a sore and/or a hole in the “bone” (septum) dividing the inner nose. f Zinc Potassium Chromate may cause a skin allergy. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. FIRST AID Workplace Exposure Limits Eye Contact f Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 The following exposure limits are for hexavalent Chromium (or minutes, lifting upper and lower lids.