Verapamil 40Mg, 80Mg, 120Mg and 160Mg Tablets
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A Systematic Review of Drug Interaction Data for Drugs Approved by the US FDA in 2015 S
Supplemental material to this article can be found at: http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2016/11/07/dmd.116.073411.DC1 1521-009X/45/1/86–108$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.116.073411 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Drug Metab Dispos 45:86–108, January 2017 Copyright ª 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Minireview What Can Be Learned from Recent New Drug Applications? A Systematic Review of Drug Interaction Data for Drugs Approved by the US FDA in 2015 s Jingjing Yu, Zhu Zhou,1 Katie H. Owens, Tasha K. Ritchie, and Isabelle Ragueneau-Majlessi Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Received September 1, 2016; accepted November 2, 2016 Downloaded from ABSTRACT As a follow up to previous reviews, the aim of the present analysis substrates of CYP3A (AUC ratio ‡ 5 when coadministered with was to systematically examine all drug metabolism, transport, strong inhibitors): cobimetinib, isavuconazole (the active metabolite pharmacokinetics (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) data avail- of prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate), and ivabradine. As perpetra- able in the 33 new drug applications (NDAs) approved by the Food tors, nine NMEs showed positive inhibition and three NMEs showed and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015, using the University of positive induction, with some of these interactions involving both dmd.aspetjournals.org Washington Drug Interaction Database, and to highlight the signif- enzymes and transporters. The most significant changes for in- icant findings. In vitro, a majority of the new molecular entities hibition and induction were observed with rolapitant, a moderate (NMEs) were found to be substrates or inhibitors/inducers of at least inhibitor of CYP2D6 and lumacaftor, a strong inducer of CYP3A. -
Procoralan, INN-Ivabradine
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION List of abbreviations AE Adverse event AF Atrial fibrillation 95% CI 95% confidence interval ALAT Alanine aminotransferase ALP Alkaline phosphatase ALT Alanine transaminase, alanine aminotransferase ASAT Aspartate aminotransferase AST Aspartate aminotransferase AUC Area under the curve AWth Thickening of the anterior wall b.i.d. Twice daily blq Below limit of quantification bpm Beats per minute BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy CABG Coronary artery bypass graft CAD Coronary artery disease CCS Canadian cardiovascular society CHMP Committee of Medicinal Products for Human Use CL Total clearance Cmax Maximum plasma concentration CNS Central nervous system COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CPK Creatine phospho kinase CYP3A4 Cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 DBP Diastolic blood pressure DT Diastolic time e.g. exempla gratia (for example) EAE Emergent adverse event ECG Electrocardiogram EMEA European Medicines Agency ERG Electroretinography ETT Exercise tolerance tests F Absolute bioavailability FAS Full Analysis Set FDA Food and Drug Administration GC Gas Chromatography GGT Gammaglutamyltranspeptidase GLP Good laboratory practice HbA1c Glycosylated haemoglobin HCN Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel HCV Hepatitis C virus HF Heart failure HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography HR Heart rate HRR Heart rate reduction International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for ICH registration of pharmaceuticals for human use i.e. id est i.v. -
Cocaine Intoxication and Hypertension
THE EMCREG-INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS PANEL RECOMMENDATIONS Cocaine Intoxication and Hypertension Judd E. Hollander, MD From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 0196-0644/$-see front matter Copyright © 2008 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.11.008 [Ann Emerg Med. 2008;51:S18-S20.] with cocaine intoxication is analogous to that of the patient with hypertension: the treatment should be geared toward the Cocaine toxicity has been reported in virtually all organ patient’s presenting complaint. systems. Many of the adverse effects of cocaine are similar to When the medical history is clear and symptoms are mild, adverse events that can result from either acute hypertensive laboratory evaluation is usually unnecessary. In contrast, if the crisis or chronic effects of hypertension. Recognizing when the patient has severe toxicity, evaluation should be geared toward specific disease requires treatment separate from cocaine toxicity the presenting complaint. Laboratory evaluation may include a is paramount to the treatment of patients with cocaine CBC count; determination of electrolyte, glucose, blood urea intoxication. nitrogen, creatine kinase, and creatinine levels; arterial blood The initial physiologic effect of cocaine on the cardiovascular gas analysis; urinalysis; and cardiac marker determinations. system is a transient bradycardia as a result of stimulation of the Increased creatine kinase level occurs with rhabdomyolysis. vagal nuclei. Tachycardia typically ensues, predominantly from Cardiac markers are increased in myocardial infarction. Cardiac increased central sympathetic stimulation. Cocaine has a troponin I is preferred to identify acute myocardial13 infarction. cardiostimulatory effect through sensitization to epinephrine A chest radiograph should be obtained in patients with and norepinephrine. -
Australian Pi – Coralan (Ivabradine As the Hydrochloride)
Australian Product Information – CORALAN (ivabradine as the hydrochloride) AUSTRALIAN PI – CORALAN (IVABRADINE AS THE HYDROCHLORIDE) 1 NAME OF THE MEDICINE Ivabradine (as the hydrochloride) 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each CORALAN 5 mg film-coated tablet contains 5 mg of ivabradine (as the hydrochloride) Each CORALAN 7.5 mg film-coated tablet contains 7.5 mg of ivabradine (as the hydrochloride) The active component of CORALAN is ivabradine which has the chemical name (3-(3-{[((7S)-3,4- Dimethoxybicyclo[4,2,0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl) methyl] methylamino}propyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8- dimethoxy-2H-3-benzazepin-2-one, hydrochloride). It contains two rings: one benzazepinone and one benzocyclobutane linked with an azapentane chain. The structural form of ivabradine includes one asymmetric carbon and ivabradine corresponds to the S enantiomer. The hydrochloride salt is a white hygroscopic powder, soluble in water (50 mg/mL) and in 0.9% saline solution (14 mg/mL). The pH is 5.1 - 5.4 in aqueous solutions at concentration of 10 mg/mL Excipients with known effect: Each CORALAN 5 mg tablet contains 63.91 mg of lactose. Each CORALAN 7.5 mg tablet contains 61.215 mg of lactose. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1 - List of excipients 3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM CORALAN 5 mg: salmon-pink coloured, rod-shaped, film-coated tablet scored on both edges, engraved with “5” on one face and the company logo “ ” on the other. CORALAN 7.5 mg: salmon-pink coloured, triangular, film-coated tablet engraved with “7.5” on one face and the company logo “ ”on the other. -
“Contraindication” Versus “Avoid Concomitant Use” by JOHN R
RX FOCUS Drug Interactions “Contraindication” Versus “Avoid Concomitant Use” BY JOHN R. HORN, PHARMD, FCCP, AND PHILIP D. HANSTEN, PHARMD IN THE OFFICIAL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION OF inducers in this category; data show a 62% decrease PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, drug interactions are in the ivabradine AUC with the use of St. John’s wort often listed in 2 categories: “contraindicated” and and an 80% decrease with the use of carbamazepine.4,5 “avoid concomitant use.” Is this a distinction without a difference? The Medline Plus definition of “contra- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS indication” is “…a specific situation in which a drug, With regard to ivabradine drug interactions, is there procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may a practical difference between the designations of be harmful to the person.” Other official definitions “contraindicated” and “avoid concomitant use?” First, JOHN R. HORN, PHARMD, FCCP are similar to this, which raises the question, how is regarding CYP3A4 inducers, it could be argued that this different from “avoid concomitant use?” Let us they should never be given with ivabradine because iv- explore this issue using, as an example, ivabradine abradine plasma concentrations would almost always (Corlanor), a drug used to treat heart failure. be subtherapeutic. Thus, it would seem that CYP3A4 in- ducers might be best listed as “contraindicated” rather INTERACTIVE PROPERTIES OF than under “avoid concurrent use.” IVABRADINE Regarding “strong” CYP3A4 inhibitors, given that Ivabradine is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 in ivabradine has potentially serious dose-dependent PHILIP D. HANSTEN, PHARMD the gut and liver, and its bioavailability is only about adverse cardiovascular effects, it seems reasonable 40% due to first-pass metabolism. -
SASH-IVABRADINE-Heart-Failure
WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Surrey (East Surrey CCG, Guildford & Waverley CCG, North West Surrey CCG, Surrey Downs CCG & Surrey Heath) North East Hampshire & Farnham CCG and Crawley, Horsham & Mid-Sussex CCG Information sheet IVABRADINE Treatment in selected patients with chronic, stable heart failure (NYHA II – IV) The Prescribing Clinical Network recommends Ivabradine in line with NICE guidance (TA267 November 2012). Ivabradine should be initiated under the supervision of a cardiologist. Prescribing Clinical Network classification: Amber* Amber*: Drugs that require initiation by a specialist in secondary / tertiary care but due to more widespread experience in primary care GPs are generally happy to prescribe on specialist advice without the need for a formal shared care protocol. This information sheet is available on the internet (www.surreyhealth.nhs.uk) forming part of Prescribing Advisory Database (PAD) giving GPs appropriate advice / guidance and is not required to be sent to the GP with the clinic letter. A minimum of one month supply of medication will be provided by the initiating consultant. RESPONSIBILITIES and ROLES Specialist responsibilities 1. Assess the patient to determine suitability for prescribing of ivabradine; ensuring other treatment options have been fully explored. 2. The treatment to be initiated in patients with stable heart failure. Initiate treatment with Ivabradine (initial 1 month supply from Acute Trust Pharmacy). 3. Carry out ECG to monitor the patient for signs of atrial fibrillation if clinically indicated, 4. Provision of advice to patient and GP on further management of treatment for optimum control of symptoms and related issues such as drug interactions. 5. The patient, once stable after 6 months, will be discharged back to the GP with a management plan. -
Anaesthetic Implications of Calcium Channel Blockers
436 Anaesthetic implications of calcium channel Leonard C. Jenkins aA MD CM FRCPC blockers Peter J. Scoates a sc MD FRCPC CONTENTS The object of this review is to emphasize the anaesthetic implications of calcium channel block- Physiology - calcium/calcium channel blockers Uses of calcium channel blockers ers for the practising anaesthetist. These drugs have Traditional played an expanding role in therapeutics since their Angina pectoris introduction and thus anaesthetists can expect to see Arrhythmias increasing numbers of patients presenting for anaes- Hypertension thesia who are being treated with calcium channel Newer and investigational Cardiac blockers. Other reviews have emphasized the basic - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pharmacology of calcium channel blockers. 1-7 - Cold cardioplegia - Pulmonary hypertension Physiology - calcium/calcium channel blockers Actions on platelets Calcium plays an important role in many physio- Asthma Obstetrics logical processes, such as blood coagulation, en- - Premature labor zyme systems, muscle contraction, bone metabo- - Pre-eclampsia lism, synaptic transmission, and cell membrane Achalasia and oesophageal spasm excitability. Especially important is the role of Increased intraocular pressure therapy calcium in myocardial contractility and conduction Protective effect on kidney after radiocontrast Cerebral vasospasm as well as in vascular smooth muscle reactivity. 7 Induced hypotensive anaesthesia Thus, it can be anticipated that any drug interfering Drag interactions with calcium channel blockers with the action of calcium could have widespread With anaesthetic agents effects. Inhalation agents In order to understand the importance of calcium - Effect on haemodynamics - Effect on MAC in cellular excitation, it is necessary to review some Neuromuscular blockers membrane physiology. Cell membranes are pri- Effects on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias marily phospholipids arranged in a bilayer. -
ISOPTIN® 1. Product Name 2. Qualitative and Quantitative
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET ISOPTIN® 1. Product Name Isoptin, 5 mg/2 mL, solution for injection. 2. Qualitative and Quantitative Composition Each ampoule contains 2.5 mg/mL verapamil hydrochloride (equivalent to 2.3 mg/mL verapamil) and sodium chloride 8.5 mg/mL in water for injection. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. Pharmaceutical Form Verapamil hydrochloride injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution that contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agent and is intended for single-dose intravenous administration. It may contain hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment; pH is 4.9 (4.0 to 6.5). 4. Clinical Particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indications Tachycardias, such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, (except in WPW syndrome, see section 4.4), atrial flutter with rapid conduction, extrasystoles. For the prophylaxis and/or therapy of ectopic arrhythmias (predominantly ventricular extrasystoles) in halothane anaesthesia and in the application of adrenaline in halothane anaesthesia, respectively. Acute hypertension. Acute coronary insufficiency. 4.2 Dose and method of administration Dose Adults 5 mg slowly intravenously, in tachycardias and hypertensive crises repeated, if necessary, after 5 to 10 minutes. Drip infusion to maintain the therapeutic effect: 5-10 mg/hour in physiological saline, glucose, laevulose or similar solutions, on average up to a total dose of 100 mg/day. Special populations Paediatric Newborn 0.75-1 mg (= 0.3-0.4 mL) Infants 0.75-2 mg (= 0.3-0.8 mL) Page 1 of 12 Children (aged 1-5 years) 2-3mg (= 0.8-1.2 mL) (aged 6-14 years) 2.5-5mg (= 1-2 mL) of Isoptin, given intravenously, depending on age and action. -
Verapamil Inhibits TRESK (K2P18.1) Current in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Independently of the Blockade of Ca2+ Influx
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Verapamil Inhibits TRESK (K2P18.1) Current in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Independently of the Blockade of Ca2+ Influx Hyun Park 1, Eun-Jin Kim 2, Ji Hyeon Ryu 2,3, Dong Kun Lee 2,3, Seong-Geun Hong 2,3, Jaehee Han 2, Jongwoo Han 1,* and Dawon Kang 2,3,* ID 1 Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, South Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, South Korea; [email protected] (E.-J.K.); [email protected] (J.H.R.); [email protected] (D.K.L.); [email protected] (S.-G.H.); [email protected] (J.H.) 3 Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, South Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (D.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8044 (D.K.) Received: 5 June 2018; Accepted: 2 July 2018; Published: 4 July 2018 Abstract: Tandem pore domain weak inward rectifier potassium channel (TWIK)-related spinal cord + + K (TRESK; K2P18.1) channel is the only member of the two-pore domain K (K2P) channel family 2+ 2+ that is activated by an increase in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca ]i) and linked to migraines. This study was performed to identify the effect of verapamil, which is an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker and a prophylaxis for migraines, on the TRESK channel in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, as well as in a heterologous system. -
Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No . : US 2019 / 0192440 A1
US 20190192440A1 (19 ) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2019 /0192440 A1 LI (43 ) Pub . Date : Jun . 27 , 2019 ( 54 ) ORAL DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPRISING Publication Classification DRUG IN THE FORM OF NANOPARTICLES (51 ) Int . CI. A61K 9 / 20 (2006 .01 ) ( 71 ) Applicant: Triastek , Inc. , Nanjing ( CN ) A61K 9 /00 ( 2006 . 01) A61K 31/ 192 ( 2006 .01 ) (72 ) Inventor : Xiaoling LI , Dublin , CA (US ) A61K 9 / 24 ( 2006 .01 ) ( 52 ) U . S . CI. ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 16 /289 ,499 CPC . .. .. A61K 9 /2031 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0065 ( 22 ) Filed : Feb . 28 , 2019 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 / 209 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 /2027 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 192 ( 2013. 01 ) ; Related U . S . Application Data A61K 9 /2072 ( 2013 .01 ) (63 ) Continuation of application No. 16 /028 ,305 , filed on Jul. 5 , 2018 , now Pat . No . 10 , 258 ,575 , which is a (57 ) ABSTRACT continuation of application No . 15 / 173 ,596 , filed on The present disclosure provides a stable solid pharmaceuti Jun . 3 , 2016 . cal dosage form for oral administration . The dosage form (60 ) Provisional application No . 62 /313 ,092 , filed on Mar. includes a substrate that forms at least one compartment and 24 , 2016 , provisional application No . 62 / 296 , 087 , a drug content loaded into the compartment. The dosage filed on Feb . 17 , 2016 , provisional application No . form is so designed that the active pharmaceutical ingredient 62 / 170, 645 , filed on Jun . 3 , 2015 . of the drug content is released in a controlled manner. Patent Application Publication Jun . 27 , 2019 Sheet 1 of 20 US 2019 /0192440 A1 FIG . -
Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers Summary In general, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are used most often for the management of hypertension and angina. There are 2 classes of CCBs: the dihydropyridines (DHPs), which have greater selectivity for vascular smooth muscle cells than for cardiac myocytes, and the non-DHPs, which have greater selectivity for cardiac myocytes and are used for cardiac arrhythmias. The DHPs cause peripheral edema, headaches, and postural hypotension most commonly, all of which are due to the peripheral vasodilatory effects of the drugs in this class of CCBs. The non-DHPs are negative inotropes and chronotropes; they can cause bradycardia and depress AV node conduction, increasing the risk of heart failure exacerbation, bradycardia, and AV block. Clevidipine is a DHP calcium channel blocker administered via continuous IV infusion and used for rapid blood pressure reductions. All CCBs are substrates of CYP3A4, but both diltiazem and verapamil are also inhibitors of 3A4 and have an increased risk of drug interactions. Verapamil also inhibits CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2. Pharmacology CCBs selectively inhibit the voltage-gated L-type calcium channels on cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cells within the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes, preventing influx of extracellular calcium. CCBs act by either deforming the channels, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the major cellular calcium store, the endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium influx via these channels serves for excitation-contraction coupling and electrical discharge in the heart and vasculature. A decrease in intracellular calcium will result in inhibition of the contractile process of the myocardial smooth muscle cells, resulting in dilation of the coronary and peripheral arterial vasculature. -
Corlanor® (Ivabradine) Clinical Fact Sheet
Corlanor® (ivabradine) Clinical Fact Sheet Corlanor® FDA-Approved Indications1 • Corlanor® is indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for Figure 1: Etiology of HF5 worsening heart failure in adult patients with stable, Enlarged Chambers Enlarged Chambers symptomatic chronic heart failure with left ventricular ejection • The chambers of the heart stretch and fraction ≤ 35%, who are in sinus rhythm with resting heart contract more strongly, increasing blood flow rate ≥ 70 beats per minute and either are on maximally tolerated doses of beta-blockers or have a contraindication to Increased Muscle Mass beta-blocker use. • The increase in muscle mass occurs when the contracting cells of the heart expand, allowing • Corlanor® is indicated for the treatment of stable symptomatic the heart to pump more strongly (at least initially) heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in pediatric patients aged 6 months and older, who are in sinus rhythm Neurendocrine Axis and Sympathetic Tone with an elevated heart rate. • Perfusion, contractility, and heart rate all increase Heart Failure (HF) In HF, the body Ventricular Cardiac Heart Cardiac blood filling muscle • According to 2013–2016 NHANES data, approximately 6.2 compensates rate volume pressure million people ≥ 20 years old in the US have HF2 to increase:5 mass • The lifetime risk of developing HF is 20% to 45% for adults at As HF progresses, reduced ejection fraction results in reduced cardiac 45 through 95 years of age2 output and increased end systolic and diastolic volume. With less fluid • HF is the leading cause of rehospitalization in adult patients moving out of the heart, pulmonary congestion worsens.