Government of India Ministry of New &

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Block-14, CGO Complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, INDIA Telephone: 91-11-24361298, 24360404 & 24360707 Fax: 91-11-24361298 Government of India Website: www.mnre.gov.in, www.direc2010.gov.in Photographs Courtesy International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) & Mutual PR Agency

Cover Design Karmic Designs

DIREC We2010 Would Like to Thank

Our Partner Ministries Our Partner Network Our Partner Countries Ministry of Urban Development and Technology Ministry of Environment and Forests Ministry of Power Ministry of External Affairs Germany Norway Government of India

Our Associate Organisations & Associations

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats v

Preface

Government of India hosted Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference (DIREC) 2010, the fourth in the series of global Ministerial-level Conference on Renewable Energy from 27th to 29th October, 2010. The conference followed from the initiative taken at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg and also builds up on the initiatives taken in various IRECs held in Bonn (Renewables 2004), Beijing (BIREC 2005) and Washington (WIREC 2008) to highlight the significance of renewable energy.

DIREC 2010 was an effort to provide an important forum for international discourse on renewable energy. Accordingly, the conference was carefully divided into four major themes - Technology & Infrastructure, Policy, Finance and Renewable, Access & MDGs.

The overwhelming response received from the international community reiterated the significance of ‘Up scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables for Energy Security, Climate Change and Economic Development’, which was also the theme of the conference. It also showcased that the strides made in this sector have surpassed predictions.

We, the organisers, were indeed left humbled by the encouragement received from various stakeholders. Enthused by this response, we are pleased to bring out a Roadmap, which was deliberated threadbare by the participants of DIREC 2010, with a hope that this document will act like a guiding force for the continuing efforts and forthcoming IRECs.

Deepak Gupta Secretary Government of India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats vii

Acknowledgement

DIREC 2010 turned out to be one of the most significant renewable energy events ever held in India. The ambitious and unprecedented effort required for the success of this event could not have been possible but for the charismatic and inspirational leadership of Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Hon’ble of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). The organizing team was equally guided and supported by Mr. Deepak Gupta, Secretary, MNRE, whose enthusiasm and fervour kept the team motivated.

The multifaceted International Advisory Committee members gave in their valuable advice and inputs for organising the event at every stage. The Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) Secretariat especially Ms. Virginia Sonntag-O’Brien worked tirelessly with the Organising Committee in making this event a success. The support and facilitations extended by the Ministry of External Affairs, Indian Missions abroad and Diplomatic Missions in India ensured the participation of Ministries and delegations from countries across the globe.

An event like DIREC cannot happen overnight. The preparations started months ago. We were fortunate to be backed by a motivated and dedicated team, whose commitment, professionalism and tirelessness helped in setting the right tone for the organisation of the conference. We thank all those whose efforts contributed towards making the event a success:

Core Organising Committee: Dr. A. K. Singhal Mr. B. S. Negi Mr. Rohit Kansal Dr. J. R. Meshram Mr. P. Sivasankaran Mr. S. S. Madan Dr. Ashivini Kumar Mr. Mohan Lal Ms. Ritu Bharadwaj Dr. D. K. Khare Mr. R. P. Batra Mr. PNBV Chalapathi Rao Mr. JB. S. Giridhar Mr. I. P. Singh Mr. K. P. Sukumaran Mr. A. K. Varshney Dr. G. Prasad Dr. Santram Dr. P. Saxena MNRE officers and staff members, Dr. P. C. Maithani Mr. M. C. Sharma who took on diverse tasks - Dr. A. K. Tripathi Mr. A. Narvane coordination with Embassies, Mr. R. Dubey Mr. A. K. Joshi Session Coordination, organisation Dr. Jugal Kishor Mr. Prem Chand of parallel workshops and side Mr. V. K. Jain Mr. Bhanu Surender events, management of logistics, Dr. B. S. Negi Mr. A. N. Narayanan venue arrangements and outreach of Dr. M. R. Nouni Mr. B. K. Trikha conference. Mr. Dilip Nigam Mr. B. Routh Dr. N. P. Singh Mr. B. K. Bhatt Mr. Suresh Kumar Dr. B. Bandyopadhyay Mr. ML Bamboriya Mr. N. Ghatak Dr. Sudhir Mohan Mr. J. P. Singh Mr. Anil Kumar Dr. A. R. Shukla Mr. Girish Kumar Mr. Arun Kumar Jain Dr. H. L. Sharma Mr. A. K. Kaushik Mr. Babu Ram Gupta Dr. P. Saxena Dr. G. Girdhar Mr. S. S. Ahmed Dr. Ahmar Raza Mr. G. Upadhyay Mr. Sita Ram Meena Dr. B. Bhargava Dr. P. C. Pant Mr. Kshitij Tyagi Mr. A. K Dussa Mr. B. R. Mishra Mr. Prabir Kumar Dash

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats ix Mr. A. Hari Bhaskaran Mr. Bhupinder Neemesh Ms. Debjani Bhatia Mr. Arun Kumar Mr. Rama Krishna Sharma Mr. P. Kannalagan Mr. Tarun Singh Mr. Anil Kumar Mr. Karamvir Mr. Karndhar Sanjay Gorelal Mr. Mahinder Singh Ms. Prava Debal Mr. Shobhit Srivastava Mr. Laxman Ms. Punnu Grover Mr. Sanjay Prakash Mr. Saumitro Sarkar Mr. K. S. Talwar Mr. Anindya Sundar Parira Mr. Ajay Kumar Ms. Poorva Sharma Mr. Hiren Chandra Borah Mr. Rohit Sikriwal Special efforts put in for Ms. Suminder Kaur Mr. Pammi coordinating and managing various Ms. Preeti D. Khanna Mr. Ramvir Singh sessions by Mr. Harpreet Singh Mr. Chatter Pal Singh Mr. A. K. Gupta Mr. Gurucharan Mr. Bodh Raj Mr. S. K. Sangal Mr. Kuldeep Sharma Mr. P. D. Nautiyal Ms. Nayanika Singh Mr. Raja Ram Mr. Ramesh Kumar Dr. Dilip Ahuja Mr. U. K. Maini Mr. P. S. Rawat Mr. Saurabh Yadav Mr. S. N. Nautiyal Mr. Rajkumar Ms. Mili Majumdar Mr. N. Ramachandran Mr. A. Raina Ms. Namarata Mukherjee Mr. G. S. Ghugtyal Mr. Suresh Pal Singh Mr. V. Richard Mr. Ram Prakash Support and facilitation extended Mr. D. K. Meena Mr. Mahipal Singh by the Government of Uttar Pradesh Mr. S. K. Jana Mr. R. K. Mahajan particularly the Greater Noida Authority in organizing the event. Mr. Ghanshyam IREDA team led by Mr. Debashish Mr. R. K. Mehrolia Majumdar that took care of Special thanks to Exhibition India Mr. Rambir Singh all the speaker related logistics team for managing the arrangements Mr. R. S. Sodhi arrangement. at venue, Mr. Rahul Agrawal of i2k2 Mr. J. S. Bhatia Mr. K.S. Popli for managing the website, Ms. Mr. Pala Ram Mr. Khekiho Yeptho Kavita Datta of Mutual PR agency for Mr. Devinder Singh Mr. Abhilakh Singh ensuring media coverage of DIREC, Mr. Madan Lal Mr. S. K. Dey Ms. Nutan Manmohan and the ATP Mr. D. Banerjee Ms. Kanchan Bhalla team members for audio and video Mr. Vipin Joshi Mr. S. M. Siddesh coverage of the conference and Mr. Mr. Om Prakash Dr. R. C. Sharma Sanjog Sharan of Karmic Designs, Mr. Prem Mr. S. L. Burman whose creativity in designing the logo Mr. Shankar Mr. Darpan Garg and backdrops of DIREC made the Mr. S. K. Dawra Mr. Sapan Thapar venue and settings spectacular. Mr. Rajesh Mr. P. K. Pandey Mr. Badan Singh Mr. K. P. Philip

We witnessed unprecedented response from stakeholders representing Ministerial delegates from over 70 countries, policy makers, academia, private sector, energy companies, technology providers and NGOs. We thank all of them for their participation and support that enabled us in coming out with a Political Declaration that will help in up-scaling renewables. We also thank all the eminent speakers, leading experts and exhibitors, whose participation and inputs supported us in our endeavour of mainstreaming renewables through DIREC 2010.

Ms Gauri Singh Joint Secretary Government of India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

DIREC 2010 Report x Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Table of Contents

Message from Minister...... V

Preface...... vii

Acknowledgement...... ix

Chapter 1: Introduction...... 1

Chapter 2: Inauguration of DIREC 2010...... 9

Chapter 3: Plenary and Parallel Session...... 17

Chapter 4: Thematic Session, Track I: Technology & Infrastructure...... 31

Chapter 5: Thematic Session, Track II: Policy...... 41

Chapter 6: Thematic Session, Track III: Finance...... 49

Chapter 7: Thematic Session, Track IV: Renewables, Access and MDGs...... 59

Chapter 8: Closing Plenary...... 69

DIAP Pledge Summary...... 79

Aide Memoire...... 82

xi

Chapter 1 Introduction

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Delhi International Renewable Energy Conference 2010 Up-scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables for Energy Security, Climate Change and Economic Development

ecent years have shown unprecedented benefits. Against this backdrop, when energy growth of renewable energy scenario, has increasingly become an important input Rwhere despite the global financial crisis for economic development, Delhi International the sector has managed to hold its own. The Renewable Energy Conference (DIREC) 2010 was resilience of the sector against all odds showcases organised in New Delhi for three days, from 27th that renewable energy is indeed the future October to 29th October 2010. and will play a major role in providing a clean, secure and sustainable energy economy. The DIREC 2010 is the fourth in the series of Global potential is unquestionably large and the rapidly Ministerial Level Conferences on renewable energy. growing economies are determined to transform These conferences were a natural progression the economic crisis into an opportunity for of the initiative taken at the World Summit on greener growth. However, for the sector to grow Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in the significantly to meet world energy demands, it year 2002. Accordingly, acknowledging the role is imperative for the governments to provide of renewable energy in sustainable development, support in making renewables cost competitive the first conference was held in the year 2004 in as compared with other energy sources and Bonn. Over the years, these conferences have technologies. evolved as an international platform for policy makers, corporates and civil society leaders to The IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2010 also jointly address the goal of advancing renewable reinforces that renewables will become increasingly energy. competitive as prices rise and renewable technologies mature. But with an increase in DIREC 2010 endeavoured to build upon the renewables contribution to the world energy success and outcomes of the previous events mix, the scale of government support will also in Washington in 2008, Beijing in 2005 and increase. In 2009 this support amounted to USD Bonn in 2004.With more than 13000 delegates 57 billion for both electricity from renewables and participating in the conference, more than 20,000 bio-fuels and is bound to grow exponentially in the visitors to the exhibition, over 250 speakers and coming years. In principle, such a support is even about 600 exhibitors from more than 70 countries, justified, especially in the context of long term DIREC will be looked upon as the most significant economic and energy security and environmental renewable energy event ever held in India.

ChaptRoshinier 1 A Catalyst for SustainableIntroduction Habitats 3

energy technologies, especially in the context of developing countries. In particular, the conference enabled the participants to acquire a IRECs deeper understanding of: ^^ Policy efforts to encourage and enable A snapshot renewable scale up

Since the initiation of the first IREC in Bonn in ^^ Mobilising finance for renewable energy 2004, this conference has achieved high-level innovation and deployment international participation of stakeholders from ^^ Benefits of collaboration, synergies, and policy, business, science and civil society. The knowledge sharing at the international Bonn “Renewables 2004” and the subsequent level to scale up renewable energy (RE) conferences in Beijing (BIREC 2005) and Washington (WIREC 2008) provided important ^^ Link from Copenhagen to Cancun via fora for the international discourse on renewable DIREC energy. A Trade Show was also held at DIREC 2010, which The Bonn 2004 conference yielded a political turned out to be the largest exposition ever held declaration as one of its outcomes, which on all-renewable energies in India. Spread over reflected shared political goals for an increased role of renewable energy and a joint vision of a an area of 20,000 sq. mts, it was global in scope, sustainable energy future. At BIREC 2005, political hosting over 600 exhibitors from more than 70 declaration fostered the scaling up of renewables. countries from around the world. The Exhibition WIREC 2008 focused on voluntary pledges. Six featured renewable energy technology suppliers, years on, DIREC 2010 is well placed to trigger systems integrators, financiers, professional further development and scale up of renewables services firms, end-users, utility companies, through a political declaration/concrete plan of energy companies, educational institutions, non- action. profit organizations, associations, government agencies, foreign governments and economic missions, and other exhibitors. Fifteen foreign countries which are leaders in the renewable energy field had national pavilions, including USA, Germany, Japan, Norway, Spain, and Sweden. More than 20,000 visitors stepped into the exhibition to witness the latest products, technologies and inventions in the Renewable Energy Sector.

DIREC 2010: Renewables - The Need of the Hour

The theme of DIREC 2010 was up-scaling and The world’s is largely based on mainstreaming renewables for energy security, fossil fuels. It is estimated that by 2030, 80% of climate change and economic development. primary energy mix will be dominated by fossil fuels, where in oil will remain the dominant fuel DIREC 2010 also showcased and became a and demand for will rise more than that of any launching pad for concrete initiatives undertaken other fuel in absolute terms. In such a scenario, by the public and private sectors to promote the realisation that these sources of energy widespread adoption of cost-effective renewable will not last forever and are also contributing

DIREC 2010 Report 6 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables to environmental problems is what has made poverty. Renewables Global Status Report renewables a lucrative and sustainable option. (2009 update) by REN21 also reiterates that the This has also led the governments around the renewable energy sector offers an essential path globe, along with industries, thinking seriously for growth that can stimulate economic recovery about alternative sources of energy, the need and job creation without the burden of increasing for which was further affirmed by the 1973 oil carbon emissions. embargo and oil price shock of 2008, coupled Keeping up with the trend, Indian government with the ever increasing oil prices. focus is also on exploitation and development Recent studies1 underscore that current global of various forms of energy and making energy trends in energy supply and consumption are available at affordable rates. The country’s patently unsustainable – environmentally, energy supply comes from different sources: economically and socially. It also went on to add coal, hydropower, oil and gas and various forms that the situation can be changed if the supply of non-conventional energy. Government of India of reliable and affordable energy is secured and has recently brought out an Integrated Energy a rapid transformation is made to a low-carbon, Policy linked with sustainable development that efficient and environmentally benign system of covers all sources of energy and addresses all energy supply. aspects of energy use and supply including energy security, access and availability, The urgent need to focus attention on the affordability and pricing, as well as efficiency development of renewable energy sources and and environmental concerns. This policy also use of energy efficient technologies is what underlines the importance of renewables in has led to initiatives like DIREC 2010. Now, India’s energy sector. The Policy states that solar more than ever, countries all over the world power in particular could play an important role fully recognise the need to promote wide in helping country attain energy independence spread adoption of renewable energy into their in the long run. With an increasingly favorable country’s energy sources, with the intention of regulatory and policy environment, along with a promoting sustained economic growth, social growing number of enterprising entrepreneurs development and environmental stewardship. and project developers; India is ranked the third It is also presumed that with increasing scope, most attractive country to invest in renewable 2 scale, research and development, the cost of energy after USA and Germany . renewable energy technologies will come down; making them affordable and able to make a major contribution to electricity generation, heating, DIREC 2010: A Catalyst for Scaling cooling and transport. Estimates highlight that Up Renewable Energy renewable energy could contribute at least half Renewable energy has significant potential to of all the electric power in each of the large mitigate global climate change, address regional economies by 2050; even in countries where and local environmental concerns, reduce poverty electricity demand is significantly high. and increase energy security. The challenge is to What’s more, renewable energy not only has the provide the right policy framework and financial tools to catalyse private sector investment at capacity to provide millions of people with access a scale that is adequate to undertake massive to electricity; renewable energy equipment up-scaling of renewable energy. DIREC 2010 manufacturing and installation is highly labour- provided an apt platform for the policy-makers, intensive, thus contributing not only to improved thought leaders, corporate and civil society living conditions, but also leading to reduced

1 World Energy Outlook 2008, International Energy Agency. 2 As per Ernst and Young Country attractiveness indices.

Chapter 1 Introduction 7 representatives to focus on creating enabling Taking cognisance of the above-mentioned policy, legal and regulatory framework. It also facts, the conference framework was also helped them to deliberate on existing market painstakingly designed in consultation with the barriers and risks, besides focusing on financial DIREC International Advisory Committee and incentives to promote commercialisation and Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st investment. Century (REN21) Secretariat. Accordingly, the conference agenda had both the breadth and DIREC 2010 is an optimistic step in the direction depth necessary for international leaders to of fostering: address energy security, environmental issues, ^^ Enhanced political support and public and wealth creation in rural areas. awareness for renewable energy ^^ New and innovative actions to promote Building upon the outcomes of the previous widespread adoption, and conferences (Bonn, Beijing, and Washington), DIREC 2010 provided an inspiring road map ^^ Advanced tools for collecting and for global renewable energy progress and an disseminating best practices to the end invaluable source of information on specific users. steps that can be taken to advance the uptake of India too has come up with several initiatives for renewable energy. This conference undoubtedly promoting renewable energy by mobilising large- provided new vistas for governments and other scale private finance. DIREC 2010 therefore also major stakeholders to make even bolder pledges provided an opportunity to highlight models that to develop and enact renewable energy policies help in addressing challenges in mainstreaming that will tackle energy security, environment and renewable energy in the context of developing economic challenges and mainstream renewables countries. into a low-carbon development pathway.

DIREC 2010 Report 8 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 2 Inauguration of DIREC 2010

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 9

Chapter 2 Inauguration of DIREC 2010

he Delhi International Renewable Energy and renewables access and the Millennium Conference 2010 (DIREC 2010) was Development Goals (MDGs). Tinaugurated on the evening of 26th October 2010 in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Parallel workshops were also hosted on various The conference is one of the biggest renewable issues including: , energy events that India has ever witnessed. systems, wind energy, sustainable habitats, bio- Energy Ministers of more than 50 countries methanation, rural empowerment, smart grid and offi cial delegates of almost 70 countries technology, biofuels and clean lighting options. participated in this three day conference and In addition, a renewable energy trade expo deliberated on the vital issues of renewables showcased latest renewable technologies. and energy security, climate change and economic development. These themes were Through 11 parallel sessions and 29 offi cial explored in both the plenary sessions, as side events spanned over three days, delegates well as in ministerial, multi-stakeholder and and participants, deliberated and exchanged CEO discussions, which followed four tracks: ideas on various issues and aspects related to technology and infrastructure, policy, fi nance renewable energy.

DIREC 2010 pre-launch Press Conference

ChaptERRoshini 2 A CatalystInauguration for Sustainable of DIREC Habitats 2010 11 Dignitaries at the dais during Inaugural Session

Several important documents and publications Inaugurating the conference, Dr. Farooq Abdullah, were released and shared at the DIREC 2010 the Union Minister, New and Renewable Energy, platform, notable amongst which were a Government of India, also welcomed the august compendium of Case Studies ‘Access to Clean gathering of ministers and delegates to New Energy - A Glimpse of Off-Grid Projects in India’ Delhi to address the goal of advancing the use of and the strategy paper of Ministry of New and renewable energy. He underscored the importance Renewable Energy, Government of India, viz. of international cooperation in renewable ‘Renewable Energy in India - Progress, Vision & energy research and development. This hand- Strategy’. holding, he stated, was essential to expedite the identification and development of solutions Welcoming the delegates, Mr. Deepak Gupta, to meet world’s ever augmenting demand for Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable affordable and non-polluting, renewable energy. Energy (MNRE), India informed the gathering The inauguration was also graced by India’s that it is their participation that has made DIREC President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil, the 2010 the biggest ever and a truly international Union Power Minister, Government of India, multi-stakeholder conference. He stated that the Shri Sushil Kumar Shinde, Union Minister of time has come when it is being recognized that State for Science and Technology, Shri Prithvi Raj renewable energy is an important part of the Chouhan, Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, solutions to provide clean energy to the world Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia and Chairman, threatened by fossil fuels and to provide access Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st to those who do not have it. century (REN21), Dr. Mohamed El-Ashry.

DIREC 2010 Report 12 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables The President in her inaugural address expressed to electricity, renewable energy has immense confidence that DIREC 2010 will be able to potential. It was evident in the inaugural ceremony build on the success of the previous events in itself that the delegates were more than keen to Bonn (2004), Beijing (2005) and Washington share and deliberate the knowledge and experience (2008). She reminded the delegates that these to tap renewable energy sources on a large scale, are unprecedented times when energy security to meet the ever growing energy requirements of and climate change are among the issues the populace. defining global discourse. Though there was a time, mentions our ancient scriptures, where in Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia, went on to add that Ekam Adityam or “one ” was considered the renewable energy is already providing more source of inexhaustible energy and for ages the than 18 percent of the total energy supply and early man relied largely on natural sources like it is believed that by 2009, non-hydro renewable sun, wind and wood for energy. But it was the power will constitute over 5 percent of the global industrial era that led to a major shift to fossil power generation capacity. Keeping up with fuel energy. With increasing dependency on fossil the trend, , wind power and other fuels; the issues of limited supply, depleting stocks renewable technologies are also experiencing and environmental pollution gained all the more double-digit annual growth rates for more than a importance. decade. Not to forget grid-connected solar photo- voltaic the fastest growing energy technology The challenge, stressed the President, was to come in the world. Needless to say, these trends up with a sustainable mix of energy and in a world speak volumes about the immense potential of where 1.4 billion people worldwide lack access renewables.

Delegates at the Inaugural Session

ChaptRoshinier 2 A CatalystInauguration for Sustainable of DIREC Habitats 2010 13 Dr. Mohamed El-Ashry in his address said that needs of domestic, institutional and industrial DIREC 2010 has brought us together to show establishments. Programmes such as biomass international leadership on renewable energy energy including biofuels; new technologies and we need strong leaders at all levels that including hydrogen are under implementation. have vision and want to invest in this great In wind energy, India has the 4th largest installed opportunity. capacity. Besides enormous potential, a short gestation period in installing wind turbines makes The delegates were made conversant with the it an attractive option for India. The Action plan fact that for India, energy security is a pre- for renewable energy by 2022 also aims to set dominant objective and translating this urgent up around 85 GW of renewable power, including need into a well-thought out plan of action, the 20 GW from solar energy. country has put in place the transformational and historic initiatives like the National Action The inaugural session also emphasised on the Plan on Climate Change and a new policy on the critical role of research and development and development of solar energy, which is essentially initiated the much needed thought process a part of the eight key national missions with towards technological up-gradation, vibrant the twin objective of contributing to India’s and active collaboration of industries with long term energy security, as well as ecological academic and research institutes, along with security. Besides, the country is already on research partnerships between developed a low carbon growth path and considerable and developing countries to work towards amount of work has already been done for cost-effective technological innovations. The the development and production of renewable speakers also emphasised on the importance of energy technologies. Renewable power collective efforts of the international community already contributes to around 10 percent to support and strengthen developing countries of country’s electric installed capacity. In initiatives with financial resources and addition, over 7000 remote and inaccessible technology transfer. villages and hamlets have been provided with basic electricity services through distributed The President of India also invited the delegates renewable power systems. to include all the above-mentioned essential issues in meaningful discussions and effective In an effort to provide clean and efficient cooking outcomes of the discourse on renewable energy in the villages, over 4 million family size energies. The session concluded on an optimistic biogas plants have been set up; almost 3.5 note hoping for fruitful and effective way forward million square metre collector area solar thermal and success in fostering partnerships to promote systems have been established to cater to the the use of renewable energy.

DIREC 2010 Report 14 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Visiting Minsiters and High Level Delegations from Participating Countries

H.E. Mr. Wais Ahmad H.E. Dr. Irene H.E. Tawfiq-e-Elahi Barmak Freudenschuss-Reichel Chowdhry, Bir Bikram Director General for Development Adviser to Hon’ble Prime Minister Ministry of Rural Reconstruction Cooperation, Ministry for European of Bangladesh and Development, Afghanistan and International Affairs, Austria

H.E. Mr. Vladimir H.E. Ir. Moise Bucumi H.E. Lyonpo Khandu Shemashko Minister of Energy and Mines, Wangchuk First Dy. Prime Minister, Belarus Burundi Minister of Economic Affairs, Bhutan

H.E. Mr. Vahid Heco H.E. Mr. Carol Buckley H.E. Mr. Jose Brito Federal Minister of Energy, Director General Minister for Foreign Affairs Mining and Industry, Bosnia and Natural Resources, Canada Cape Verde Herzegovina

H.E. Mr. Liu Qi H.E. Mr. Nyembo Kitungwa H.E. Mr. Antonis Vice Administrator Etienne Paschalides National Energy Administration Secretary, Ministry of of Commerce, Industry (NEA), China Congo Democratic Republic and Tourism, Cyprus

H.E. Mr. Ivo Hlavac H.E. Mr. Hassan Younes Mr. Getahun Moges Kifle Deputy Minister of Environment, Minister of Electricity & Energy, General Director, Ethiopian Czech Republic Egypt Electricity Agency, Ethiopia

Mr. Kahisu Tadesse Yaebyo H.E. Mr. Paavo Väyrynen Mr. Timoci Natuva Director General, Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Trade and Minister for Works, Transport and Alternative Energy Development & Development, Ministry for Foreign Public Utilities, Fiji Promotion Centre, Ethiopia Affairs, Finland

H.E. Mr. Aristide Ngari H.E. Dr. Mamadou Tangara Hon. Mambury Nijie Director General of the Energy & Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Economic Planning Hydraulic Resources, Gabon International Cooperation and and Industrial Development and Gambians Abroad, Gambia Minister for Energy, Gambia

H.E. Mr. Jurgen Becker State Secretary Federal Ministry H.E. Mr. Wasna Papai Danfa H.E. Ms Katrin Juliusdottir for Environment, Nature for Energy, Minister of Industry, Energy and Conservation and Nuclear Energy, Guinea Bissau Tourism, Iceland Germany

H.E. Dr. Hussein H.E. Eng. Behzad Hon’ble Mr. Roberto Menia Al-Shahirstani Deputy Minister for Electricity and Under Secretary () Minister i/c Ministry of Electricity, Iraq Energy, Iran Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea, Italy

H.E. Mr. Hiroshi Asahi H.E. Mr. Lamissa Diabate H.E. Mr. Jean Rodolphe Director General for Energy & Secretary General, Ramanantsoa Environmental Policy, Ministry of Ministry of Energy & Water, Mali Minister of Energy, Madagascar Economy, Trade & Industry, Japan

H.E. Dr. Ahmed Rashid H.E. Mr. Trond Giske H.E. Mr. Per Rune Henriksen Beebeejaun, GCSK Minister of Trade and Industry, State Secretary/Deputy Minister, Norway and Energy, Minister of Energy and Public Norway Utilities, Mauritius

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 15 H.E. Mr. Halvard Ingebrigtsen H.E. Mohamed Abdullah H.E. Jose Carlos das Dores State Secretary/Deputy Minister for Mohamed Al-Mohrooki Zorrinho Trade and Industry, Norway Chairman of Electricity and Secretary of State (MoS) for Water Public Authority, Oman Energy and Innovation, Portugal

H.E. Dr. Mohammad Saleh H.E. Mr. Jim Mather MSP H.E. Mr. Louis Seck Al-Sadar Minister for Enterprise, Energy and Minister for Renewable Energies, Minister of State for Industry and Tourism, Scotland Senegal Energy Affairs, Qatar

Hon’ble Pedro Luis Marin Hon. Patali Champika H.E. Nr. Al-Sadig Mohamed Uribe Ranawaka Ali Minister of State for Energy, Minister of Power and Energy, Al-Sheikh Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Sri Lanka Minister of State, Ministry of Trade, Spain Electricity & Dams, Sudan

H.E. Mr. Eisa Bushra HRH Princess Tsandzile H.E. Ms. Maud Olofsson Mohamed Dlamini Minister of Energy, Sweden Minister of Science & Technology, Minister for Natural Resources and Sudan Energy, Swaziland

Dr. Walter Steinmann H.E. Mr. Simon D’Ujanga H.E. Dr. Rashid Ahmad bin Secretary of State, Minister of State for Energy, Fahad Department of the Environment, Ministry of energy and Mineral Minister of Environment & Water, Transport, Energy and Development, Uganda United Arab Emirates Communications, Switzerland

H.E. Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al H.E. Mr. Suresh Kumar H.E. Awadh al-Suqatri Jaber Assistant Secretary, Minister of Electricity and Energy, CEO, MASDAR, Abu Dhabi and Department of Commerce, USA Yemen Assistant Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, United Arab Emirates

H.E. Mr. Kenneth Konga Minister of Energy and Water Development, Zambia

DIREC 2010 Report 16 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 3 Plenary and Parallel Session

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 17 DIREC 2010 Report 18 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 3 Plenary and Parallel Session

Welcoming the delegates to New Delhi, Farooq Day 1: The Plenary Session Abdullah, the Union Minister, New and Renewable 27th October 2010 Energy, India, underscored the significance of international cooperation in research targeted After registration in the morning, an august towards renewables. He set the tone of the gathering of participants convened in the discussion by pointing out that the research and plenary sessions. The overwhelming response development in renewables is necessary to expedite from participants, across the globe, in itself the identification of technological solutions, which reiterated the importance of renewables and can meet world’s increasing demand for affordable demonstrated the interest in the fundamental and non-polluting renewable energy. change in the world’s energy system. Making the best possible use of this enthusiasm, the Journey from Johannesburg to Delhi deliberations in this session revolved around following themes: In the morning, Mr. Michael Eckhart, President, ^^ The journey from Johannesburg to Delhi American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) and & Co-chairman, World Council for Renewable ^^ Scaling-up renewables for energy security, Energy (WCRE) moderated a panel on the climate change and economic development International Renewable Energy Conference ^^ The road to Cancun (IREC) concept and process. He drew the ^^ The green economy and the role of attention of delegates towards the contribution renewables made by Mr. Hermann Scheer, the winner of the ^^ Vision 2020 – the role of renewables Alternative Nobel Prize and author of Germany’s for energy security, climate change and Renewable Energy Sources Act, who breathed economic development his last on 14th October 2010. A moment of silence was held in his honor to pay respect to In the afternoon, three parallel sessions his immense contribution to renewable energy. including ministerial and multi-stakeholder He was responsible for establishing the European discussions, and a CEO roundtable were followed Association for Renewable Energy, World by a joint ministerial-multi-stakeholder-CEO Council for Renewable Energy (WCRE), and was ‘Straight Talk’. instrumental in the founding of International

chaptRoshinier 3 A CatalystPlenary for Sustainableand Parallel HabitatsSession 19 The dais observing a moment of silence for the recently departed renewable energy icon, Hermann Scheer

Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and IREC 2004. In addition, 83 countries have established conferences. national policies to promote renewable and there is a strong possibility to strengthen and enable Mr. Eckhart stated that thanks to Mr. Scheer’s partnerships between banks in the developed efforts, exemplary progress has been made and developing countries with the help of Global worldwide towards a green energy supply from Climate Partnership Fund. renewable sources. It was his unwavering focus on accelerating the transformation of energy systems, Mr. Kadri Nassiep, CEO of South African National that has help to advance renewables. His wealth Energy Research Institute (SANERI), added of knowledge, his logical analysis and his ability to momentum to the optimistic thought process by inspire and convince others of the importance of mentioning that even a country like South Africa this energy system will not be forgotten. has pledged to generate 4% of the country’s energy from renewable sources by the year Taking forward the conference from this sombre 2013. He also attracted the attention of the beginning, Mr. Jürgen Becker, State Secretary, gathering towards the role of women and rural Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature revitalisation and the overall importance of their Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany, upliftment and empowerment. gave another dimension to the discussion by stating that renewable energy is pertinent for The next eminent speaker, Mr. Liu Qi, Vice tackling climate change challenges and ensuring Chairman, Vice Minister of China National Energy energy access and security. He reminded the Administration, also stated that renewable energy delegates that time is ripe to press for change is not just a source of energy; it is an alternative as global investment in renewables is at an that represents an important choice for humanity all-time high and has increased five-fold since to make a pragmatic leap towards sustainable

DIREC 2010 Report 20 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables and green energy options. He called for an Chairman, Renewable Energy Policy Network international road map to develop renewable for the 21st Century (REN21), reminded the energy according to countries’ conditions and delegates about the progress made in general resources and stressed on the role of education in renewable energy since the WIREC in 2008. and training. He drew everyone’s attention towards enhanced political commitment to renewables from both the Unfolding the efforts made by US legislation on developed and developing countries. He noted clean and renewable energy, Dr. Arun Majumdar, that despite the economic recession, renewables Director, Advanced Research Projects Agency- growth has not been significantly hampered Energy (ARPA-E), US Department of Energy, and hoped that it will continue to be driven by stressed on the role of innovative solutions and climate change and the need for energy security basic science. He mentioned how US is going out and energy access. He called on the delegates of its way to make unprecedented investments to to come forward to radically change the world’s the tune of $29 bn in Energy Efficiency, $21 bn in energy system, not just for today, but for the Renewable Energy, $10 bn in Grid Modernisation, sake of future generations. $6 bn in Advanced Battery Manufacturing and Biofuels, $3 bn in Green Innovation and Job Taking the recap of Dr. El-Ashry to a futuristic and Training and $2 bn in Clean Energy Manufacturing optimistic note, Mr. Deepak Gupta, Secretary, Tax Credits. He highlighted how the US, taking Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), forward the country’s commitment towards India, urged the governments and other renewables has organised an ARPA-E-sponsored stakeholders to come forward to sign the Delhi energy innovation summit to be held in February- International Action Program; besides pledging March 2011 in the US. commitments for renewable energy. He reminded the delegates that the total commitments The DIREC Theme: Up-scaling and pledged in DIREC will be an indication of DIREC’s mainstreaming renewables for energy success. security, climate change and economic development. Road to Cancun

The session was mainly designed as a recap of In the wake of the next climate summit in the strides made by the world in the direction Cancun, Mexico, this December, the session of renewables. Hence, Dr. Mohamed El-Ashry, reiterated the importance of revisiting

Mr. Deepak Gupta, Dr. Kamdeh K. Yumkella, Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Director General, UNIDO

chapter 3 Plenary and Parallel Session 21 Green Economy and the Role of Renewables

This session focused on the need for increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the total energy production and consumption. Accordingly, emphasis was on describing the initiatives taken and the challenges addressed, or to be addressed by the respective countries in order to increase the share of renewables.

H.E. Ms. Maud Olofsson, Minister for Energy and Enterprise, Sweden, shared her country’s experience in enhancing the usage of renewables. She stated that Sweden was able to dramatically reduce carbon emissions because of renewables and endeavoured to increase the share of renewable energy sources to 50 percent of the Dr. R.K. Pachauri, Director General, TERI and Chair of the IPCC total energy consumption by 2020, along with increasing the share of renewables to 44 percent of the total GDP. commitments towards renewables. In line with the theme of the session, Dr. Kandeh She informed the delegates that in order to K. Yumkella, Director General, UN Industrial achieve the above-mentioned targets, Sweden Development Organisation (UNIDO), stated that had to address the challenges of reducing the neither climate change, nor the requirement dependency of the transportation sector on fossil of meeting the ever-important Millennium fuels, providing subsidies for renewable electricity, Development Goals (MDGs) can be met without reducing and lowering the administrative an energy revolution. He listed that at this point burden of renewable energy sources, along with of time, to make universal energy a possibility, promoting research (on new and renewable the world has two most important goals: to energy sources). reduce energy intensity to 40% by 2030 and to double the energy efficiency. “Free transport from the consumption Reflecting on different dimensions of renewables, of fossil fuel” Dr. Rajendra K Pachauri, Director General, The H.E. Ms. Maud Olofsson, Minister for Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and Energy and Enterprise, Sweden Chair, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), said that for the 16th session of the Conference of Parties (COP16) of the She pointed out to the delegates that enhancing UN Framework Convention on Climate Change the use of renewables is a two-way process, (UNFCCC), setting an appropriate price for which also involves fundamental changes in carbon and focusing on adaptation and impacts people’s lifestyles, for if there is no demand, to human health are important policy areas. He supply will automatically be affected. She stated listed the multiple benefits of using renewables that this pertinent realisation needs to be duly that included energy security and access, considered while attempting to increase the share reduced air pollution, and higher agricultural of renewables in the total energy consumption of productivity and employment. any country.

DIREC 2010 Report 22 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman, until the costs come down, so by 2020, India Planning Commission, Government of India, is planning to generate 20,000 megawatts (MW) described India’s energy situation and stated grid connected solar energy using solar photo- that India is an energy deficit country with about voltaic technology. 70 percent of country’s energy needs being met through imports. He expressed concern that Dr. Ahluwalia concluded his presentation by India’s demand for energy is outpacing the rate saying that India is planning to reduce the of discovery of coal and . emission intensity of its economy by 20 – 25 percent by the year 2020 and intends to provide He informed the gathering that India has an by 2050 almost 500,000 MW of clean energy by action plan on energy that emphasises on: using thorium based nuclear energy. ^^ Adapting new and renewable energy sources. Ms. Sylvie Lemmet, Director of UNEP’s Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE) ^^ Reducing the percentage of carbon was the moderator of this interesting session. emissions and She summed up the session highlights on an ^^ Mitigating the carbon foot print of the optimistic note stating that all over the world country. many countries are taking initiatives to increase the share of renewables. She said that as a He also shared that government of India has result of these efforts, around 60 to 70 million already set-up eight national missions under the households across the globe installed solar water Prime Minister’s National Action Plan on Climate heating systems. In Germany alone, more that Change (NAPCC) that include National solar 300,000 people depend on renewable energy mission and Green India Mission to name a few. sector for employment. Though this sector Talking about the challenges, he stated that is growing exceedingly well, there is still an India has limited scope for wind energy, but huge urgent need to build strong institutions, not scope for solar energy. However, the application only to provide economic incentives in terms of of solar energy is not fully exploited owing to the tariff subsidies, tax subsidies and fuel subsidies cost involved in setting up solar technologies. etc., but also to maintain standardisation and He felt that while promoting these technologies, certification of equipments to ensure reliability one has to keep in mind the economics of these of equipment and technologies, besides bringing sources, but a country like India can’t wait down the cost.

Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia, H.E. Ms. Maud Olofsson, Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, India Minister for Energy and Enterprise, Sweden

chaptRoshinier 3 A CatalystPlenary for Sustainableand Parallel HabitatsSession 23 She reiterated the need to look into the financial aspects of renewables, for example, bringing “The 450ppm target outlined in the down transaction costs and risks for the private International Energy Agency (IEA) sector and helping the pioneers in the private World Energy Outlook 2009 requires sector to move towards renewables. She investment of US$ 5 trillion between suggested that countries need to move towards 2010 and 2030”. adopting energy policies for which respective ministries have to take the responsibility. H.E Mr. Roberto Menia, Minister of State, Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea, Italy. Vision 2020: Role of Renewables for energy security, climate change, and economic development. The H.E. Mr. Roberto Menia, Minister of State, This session focused on what is being envisaged Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea, Italy, as the future of renewables. Setting the tone stated that according to the World Energy Outlook of discussion, the moderator Mr. Shyam Saran, 2009, an investment to the tune of 5 trillion US former Special Envoy to Prime Minister, India, on dollars is required between 2010-2030 to meet Climate Change emphasised that it is necessary the target of 450 ppm carbon emissions. He to focus on what is required to be done in the specified, this means that the next 10 years will short time period up to 2020. He also pointed be crucial and investments will need to be made out that demand for energy is mounting in many specifically in the areas of research and capacity fast developing economies like India, Brazil and development. South Africa. While working towards the reduction of carbon emissions, these countries must also He further added that the European Union is ensure economic development as energy plays committed to achieving the target of 20 percent an important role in economic development. share of renewables by 2020 as the institutional

DIREC 2010 Report 24 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables framework necessary to achieve this target is Dr. Arthouros Zervos, President, European well in place. Already, all the member countries Wind Energy Association (EWEA) and European have included renewables in their respective Renewable Energy Council (EREC), in line with the macro-economic plans. He admitted that in order theme of the session assured the delegates that to increase the share of renewables, the cost, the European Union is committed to achieving 20 especially of solar and wind needs to be more to 25 percent share of renewables by 2020. He competitive; while the cost has already been expressed hope that renewables, from being an reduced drastically due to improved technologies alternative source of energy, will soon become and better materials, a lot still needs to be a mainstream energy source. Talking about achieved. So he suggested the option of technology the inter-link between renewables and climate transfer to developing countries like Brazil, China change, he echoed the sentiments of many and India. delegates by mentioning that the developed countries have failed to arrive at an agreement While concluding his speech Mr. Roberto Menia on climate change, which will affect the progress said that his country (Italy) expects that of renewables. But at the same time, he also renewables will meet 60% of the gross internal expressed hope that with continued efforts, the consumption by 2020. world may reach a global agreement on climate change. “Renewables will be the foundation of future energy systems.” In this connection he mentioned that the use of renewables will not only reduce risk to the Dr. Arthouros Zervos, President, climate and environment, but also reduce the European Wind Energy Association dependency on fossil fuels, which in turn will lead (EWEA) and European Renewable to a fall in oil prices owing to reduced demand. Energy Council (EREC). Acknowledging some of the constraints of using renewables, he mentioned that countries like India have problems in adopting solar energy due to its high cost and also due to intermittancy caused by fluctuating radiation.

A.S. Sambo, Director General, Energy Commission of Nigeria, briefed the delegates about the energy situation of Nigeria. He mentioned that though Nigeria’s energy consumption is one of the lowest in the world, the demand for energy is still growing rapidly. To add to the woes, efficient energy utilisation is very poor resulting in deforestation, and pollution.

In order to improve the manner in which energy is utilised in the country and to increase the use of renewables, energy research centers have been set up in Nigeria. Though abundant in oil, natural gas reserves and renewables, Nigeria unfortunately still suffers from energy poverty. He emphasised the need for financing, called for strengthening policy and modernising the Panelists at the Ministerial Discussion session regulation frameworks for the energy sector,

chaptRoshinier 3 A CatalystPlenary for Sustainableand Parallel HabitatsSession 25 Delegates at the Plenary Session

especially in partnership with the other developing Day 1: Parallel Sessions and developed countries. In the afternoon of the first day, three parallel Ambassador Richard H. Jones, Deputy Executive sessions were organised. These sessions provided Director, International Energy Agency (IEA), separate platforms for various categories of stressed on the need to define “sustainable thought leaders, ranging from ministers and energy”. He also emphasised the need to set multi-stakeholders to CEOs, to discuss renewable realistic targets for 2050, like 35 percent reduction energy from different perspectives. in carbon emissions, achieving 50 percent share of renewables, reducing the carbon based Ministerial Discussion electricity by a 90 percent etc. This, he said, can be achieved by two pronged approach: namely Energy ministers from Iceland, Mauritius, Japan, through policy framework and technology. In Iran, Portugal, India, the US, Finland, Uganda, policies he specifically mentioned that nations Norway, Spain, Scotland, Bangladesh, Bhutan, must work on framing policies that provide Sri Lanka and a representative of the Asian transparent and predictable incentives. Whereas Development Bank participated in a moderated Ministerial Panel Discussion. The session, as on the technology front, investments need to be mentioned in the introduction of the proceedings, made in smart grids and CSP technologies. He focused on the role of renewable energy in stressed on the point that it may take a long climate change mitigation, energy security and time for the energy revolution to happen, but the providing energy access to the poor. action must start right now and for that climate change negotiations are very crucial. Facilitated by Vikram Chandra, CEO, NDTV, the panellists deliberated on the challenges With the end of this session, the conference laid that the governments face to streamline global the foundation of deliberations, which were then action on energy; to find speedy, apt and followed in three sessions. effective solutions and to comprehend whether

DIREC 2010 Report 26 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables technology can enable renewables to make effectiveness of renewable technology. a valuable contribution and even dominate Accordingly, three of the ministers including Pedro the energy industry. Many ministers even Luis Marin Uribe, Secretary-General for Energy, suggested that the time is ripe to stress on the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Spain, necessity to cooperate and collaborate and for Dr. Ahmed Rashid Beebeejaun, Deputy Prime that countries will have to look beyond borders. Minister, Minister of Energy and Public Utilities, Despite these suggestions, the ministers had Mauritius, and Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Union different degrees of optimism about the growth Minister for New and Renewable Energy, India, of renewables. stated that the cost of renewable technology at times acts as a restrictive factor in effective Taking forward the discussion, Hiroshi Asahi, market penetration. Director General, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Mr. Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk, Minister of Industry, Japan, mentioned that the effective Economic Affairs, Bhutan, and Paavo Väyrynen, way forward was to increase competition and Minister of Foreign Trade and Development, demand, which are in many ways inter-related, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland, acknowledged but overall provide an effective remedy to ensure the challenges mentioned by other ministers and growth of any sector. highlighted the need to bring synergies between various stakeholders of this sector. Agreeing with the thought process of Mr. Asahi and adding further, Mr. Suresh Kumar, Assistant Mr. Xiaoyu Zhao, Vice President, ADB, at this Secretary, US Department of Commerce, and Jim juncture mentioned that to ensure smooth Mather, Minister for Enterprise, Energy and Tourism, availability of finances, regional cooperation Scotland, UK, stated that there is a need to push between bank members is the key to success. He for increased reliance on renewables. However, also announced to a jubilant crowd that ADB will this quest for enhanced energy independence double its lending for climate change mitigation should be coupled with knowledge sharing and to US$ 2 billion. development of international cooperation as quick Along with the above-mentioned interesting, and growth can’t be compartmentalised in specific essential discussions to make renewables the knowledge centres and needs to be effectively disseminated to guarantee results. energy of future; the session also touched on the importance of combining renewable technologies Both the developing, as well as the developed and the role of women in the successful countries, showed concerns for the cost- implementation of this sector.

Panelists at the Panelists at the Ministerial Discussion Multi-stakeholder Discussion

chaptRoshinier 3 A CatalystPlenary for Sustainableand Parallel HabitatsSession 27 Multi-Stakeholder Discussion President, invVEST, emphasised on prudence and mentioned that with dwindling oil reserves, In another parallel discussion supporters of the RE peak in the prices of oil is imminent. The sector shared their thoughts on the theme of DIREC looming catastrophe all the more increases the 2010. Accordingly panellists from industry, civil importance of clean energy industry, which will society, academia, local policy makers, media and soon become a US$40 to US$50 trillion industry NGOs deliberated on the role of renewable energy in the next 20 years. in climate change mitigation, energy security and providing energy services for the poor. Adding on to the caution, Vijay Mahajan, Chairman, BASIX, highlighted another major Moderating the session, Mr. David Hales, President, concern of the industry players. He mentioned College of the Atlantic, noted that although that the need of the hour is to strengthen significant in-roads have been made in renewables, marketing and establish distribution networks, the industry is still in the stage of infancy. as this is the major challenge being faced by the manufacturers. Mr. Mark Radka, Chief of the Energy Branch, UNEP, threw light on another significant aspect Ed Norrena, Head BBM Division, Cleantech, Dept. that was important for the growth of the sector. of Foreign Affairs & International Trade, Ottawa, He mentioned that there is an urgent need to stated that governments will have to play a invest in human capital. Increased investment major role, almost acting as the front runner in in this aspect of business will actually yield the development of renewables. Similarly, Hugo greatest gains, apart from strengthening the Lucas, Director for Policy, Capacity Building and hands of the industry. Outreach, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), added on to the thoughts of Mr. Norrena Dr. David S Renné, President, International Solar by stating that there is a need to bring synergies Energy Society, and Principal Project Leader, in policy goals as the development is not just U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National of a single stand-alone sector; the increased in Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), spoke renewables will also be able to effectively address at length on the role played by his organisation the imperative issues of mitigation, employment, in helping the stakeholders make an informed security and energy access, to name a few, all of choice. He said that his organisation ensures which improve simultaneously. that the sector stakeholders are always informed about the latest breakthrough in solar and other André Aranha Corrêa do Lago, Director, Department renewable technologies. of Energy, Ministry of External Relations, Brazil, drew the attention of the gathering to another Echoing the sentiments of many entrepreneurs urgent aspect that needs immediate intervention, like him, Dr. Harish Hande, the co-founder and which includes addressing the unsustainable Managing Director of Selco Solar India, a social enterprise spoke from his experience and stressed patterns of production and consumption. Adding on the need to provide energy access to poor another dimension to this discussion was another and this, he said, can’t be delayed any further by stalwart of the sector, Sunita Narain, Director, the policy makers as the cost of inaction, at this Centre for Science and Environment. Speaking juncture, outweighs the marginal costs of efforts from her years of experience in the sector, made towards providing decentralised renewable she emphasised on the need to come up with energy over and above the grid energy. business models that lay emphasis in bringing renewables to the poorest of the poor, for whom Speaking from their experience in the industry it still matters the most and who, in any ways, both, Dr. Jeremy Leggett, Founder and will tend to benefit the most from this source Chairman, Solarcentury, and Mr. Probir Ghosh, of energy.

DIREC 2010 Report 28 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables CEO Roundtable energy. Huang Ming shared the plans to build a “solar city,” and Rakesh Bakshi called on the Akin to the title of the session, it drew an governments to strengthen the hands of the impressive gathering and the most well-known industry by providing clear and uniform policy names of the sector attended the session to guidelines. Many participants even suggested provide an excellent opportunity for an in-depth putting in place country-specific national sharing of thoughts, challenges, solutions and the renewable energy strategies that will set the way forward. Moderator of the session was Steve momentum for the sector. K. Subramanya Sawyer, Secretary General, Global Wind Energy highlighted the importance of strategies like Council (GWEC), who led the discussion to its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission of India, conclusion with ease. Panellists too undoubtedly but also cautioned in the same tone that to curb were the who’s who of the sector and included migration of rural populace to cities, rural access Alf Bjørseth, Chairman and CEO, SCATEC to electricity needs to be improved. Solar; Rakesh Bakshi, Chairman and Managing Director, RRB Energy; Gary D Conley, CEO, B2U Similarly, Fabrice Didier expressed his conviction Solar; Fabrice Didier, CEO, Saint-Gobain Solar; that it is not far off that the cost of solar and wind Wu Gang, CEO, Goldwind; Kishore Jayaraman, energy will become extremely competitive and President and CEO, GE Energy India; Huang is not actually dependent on factors like carbon Ming, President, Himin Solar Energy Group; K. pricing. Acknowledging Mr. Didier’s observation, Subramanya, CEO, Tata BP Solar; Sean Sutton, even Sean Sutton also pointed out how simply President, Vestas Asia Pacific; and Harish Mehta, by focusing on research and development, cost Director of Suzlon. of renewable can be easily brought down.

Panellists explained the objectives and goals While discussing cost, the problem of subsidies of their organisations in the field of renewable was also mentioned. Viewpoints were divided

Panelists at CEO Roundtable

chaptRoshinier 3 A CatalystPlenary for Sustainableand Parallel HabitatsSession 29 on this aspect as some felt that reduction in the renewables achieve economies of scale. subsidies will not give impetus to the sector and Similarly, on energy access for rural areas, is not necessarily the best possible approach. she underscored that it is being increasingly However, many others felt that having a standard recognised that decentralised power generation price of carbon will not help renewables and will is often cheaper than constructing a grid. add to the financial woes. Whereas many others Ms. Sonntag O’Brien also spoke on the importance felt that the “commercialisation” of carbon of working together towards eliminating tariffs and placing focus on carbon emissions will not for renewables and mentioned that a sustainable boost the sector. One participant also pointed Energy Free Trade Agreement is being proposed out that the solar market is primarily driven by to the G20. a small number of countries, mostly through feed-in tariffs, but in many cases the cost of Multi-Stakeholder discussion moderator David photovoltaic energy is competitive with peak Hales pointed out the diverse views reflected load production costs. Adding to the discussion, by the panel. He mentioned that in this session, Rakesh Bakshi noted that grid conditions dictate discussions revolved around the need for a renewables’ design. renewable revolution in a broader context. A fundamental disconnect was felt in general like gap between rich and poor. He stated that these Joint Ministerial-Multi-stakeholder-CEO challenges and problems need to be addressed ‘Straight Talk’ in order to attain a revolution, and noted that other speakers felt that the problem would be In this small session the outcomes of the automatically taken care of when the renewable deliberations held earlier in the day were shared revolution is finally achieved. with a wider audience to bring consensus in the suggestions, thoughts and the way forward. On the other hand, the CEO roundtable moderator Steve Sawyer stated that discussions in his Accordingly, summing up the discussion and session pointed towards the need to reduce the reporting on the ministerial discussion, Virginia costs of renewable energy in order to make them Sonntag-O’Brien, REN21, reiterated that the more competitive; the need to scale up wind discussions highlighted the importance of and solar energy; the requirement to assist the working together and pointed more towards industry to reach maturity; ensuring sending collaborations and partnerships. She said that clear government signals to markets regarding ministers had stated that there is indeed a need renewable and fossil fuels; and addressing the to bring down the cost of renewables, but that issue of subsidies, besides developing domestic cost will also automatically reduce as and when renewable energy markets.

DIREC 2010 Report 30 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 4 Thematic Session, Track I: Technology & Infrastructure

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 31 DiREC 2010 REpoRt 32 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 4 Thematic Session, Track I: Technology & Infrastructure

and has now reached an estimated 4800 GW (in Day 2: Thematic Sessions 2009), which accounts for almost a quarter of 28th October 2010 global power generation capacity that takes care of approximately 18% of the global electricity The second day of the conference convened production. The positive aspect of this power around four thematic sessions organised around generation is the incentive of emission reduction a) technology and infrastructure; b) policy; c) and generation of green jobs. Specifically for the finance; and d) renewables access and the developing world, the challenge lies in ensuring Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Parallel electricity access to the poor as it is essential workshops also took place on bio-fuels and for their economic and social development and promoting rural entrepreneurship for enhancing also involves ensuring that the high-carbon access to clean lighting options. Meanwhile side- technologies are not restricted to only a few. by-side, the renewable energy exposition and the trade show continued. This session focused on the aspects of scaling up the development and transfer of renewable energy-based power technology, the role of Track I: Technology and Infrastructure private investment, the value of liberalisation in the power sector and its effects, along with policy Track I gave a platform to discuss the challenges prescriptions for different scale of operations. related to Technology and Infrastructure-the key Since innovation and research and development aspects in advancing the adoption of renewable (R&D) are equally important for power energy in the other sectors. This track was technology and infrastructure development, the further divided into various sessions, each of session underscored how cooperation could be which focused on diverse yet important aspects promoted in R&D for current, new and innovative of renewables. technologies.

The main topics of discussion in this session Session I: Power Technology and Infrastructure were: Estimates show that power from renewable energy ^^ Scaling up the development and transfer sources has been undergoing a silent revolution of RE power technology.

chaptRoshinier 4 Thematic Session, TrackA Catalyst I: Technology for Sustainable & Infrastructure Habitats 33 ^^ Role of private investment distribution grids in renewables too require up- ^^ Value of liberalisation in the Power Sector grades and planning to accommodate renewable and its effects. energy feed-ins from small-power producers.

^^ Policy prescriptions for different scale of Inviting the industry and other players to operations. invest in renewable, Ms. Natalia Kulichenko- ^^ Smart and resilient transmission and Lotz, Senior Energy specialist, Sustainable distribution infrastructure. Energy department, World Bank, stated that ^^ Cooperation in R&D for current, new and the investment on renewables will go up to 50 innovative technologies. percent by 2020. She also mentioned that the World Bank encourages private sector, as well as ^^ Grid integration of RE: political the developing country governments to invest in framework and stakeholder landscape. renewables, irrespective of the size and scale of the project, along with supporting transmission Dr. Jeremy Leggett set the stage for the discussion and distribution. by briefly familiarising the delegates with the topics of discussion (given above). Moderating a discussion on the up-scaling of renewable energy and grid integration of renewable energy “Bank programs are aimed towards he mentioned that renewables have the potential incentivising developing country to improve the quality of life of the majority governments to invest in renewable of populace and unlike conventional sources energy”. of energy, renewables encourage community Natalia Kulichenko-Lotz, Senior participation, thus breaking the monopoly of few Energy specialist, Sustainable Energy actors. department, World Bank. Emphasising on the importance of energy efficiency, Dr. Marianne Moscoso-Osterkorn, In the same session, Dr. Ravi Prasher, US Director, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Department of Energy ARPA-E or Advanced Partnership (REEEP), informed the gathering that Research Projects Agency-Energy, briefly even now more than 90 percent of the ownership introduced ARPA-E and stated that it has been of the power sector is with the government, who modelled after Defence Advanced Research are powerful and also have the potential to divert Projects Agency and that it was set up to their investments and thus bring in reforms. promote and fund research and development of She also added that unlike conventional power advanced energy technologies. He mentioned systems, the renewable energy sector works better that in order to make renewable storage cheaper, with decentralised generation and distribution as the transmission technologies have to be highly it provides energy security, generates jobs and competitive. ARPA-E funds research projects in also a more reliable system in some areas when these areas of even small companies and has compared to the centralised system. set up energy research labs modelled after Bell labs and HP labs to work on scaling- up of Mr. Hans Arild Bredesen, Manager, Econ Pőyry, technologies. in his brief presentation emphasised that when developing plans and policies for power The session also saw lot of deliberations on issues technologies, the larger picture has to be kept like adapting a balanced approach and having in mind. The framework has to be drawn taking the right mix of renewables and fossil fuels; into consideration the benefits and welfare of all viability of solar energy as a reliable alternative to the stakeholders like suppliers and end users. conventional energy sources; impact of impasse He also noted that like any other power sector, on climate change and on the progress of

DIREC 2010 Report 34 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables renewable energy sources; importance of green ^^ Successful policy initiatives and case bonds and carbon trading; developing hybrid studies that have catalysed the uptake. grid technologies which can be fed by electricity ^^ Heating and cooling for different scale of generated by more than one type of source. operation.

Session II: Heating and Cooling Technologies Eminent panellists of this sector deliberated to find answers for the following key questions: Heating and cooling in the industrial, commercial ^^ What are the main future trends you expect and domestic sectors account for around half to see in the renewable heating & cooling of the total global energy demand. Biomass, sector? solar and geothermal energy currently supplies ^^ How do you see the future of renewable the heating and cooling requirements of cooling? What can be done to bring the millions of buildings worldwide, and renewable cost down? energy heating and cooling (REHC) has been ^^ What are the main instruments to achieve described as the “sleeping giant” in terms of its sustainable growth of renewable heating & potential from a global perspective. Appropriate cooling? Can you share some best-practice strategies are needed to promote scaling-up examples with us? of RE technologies for heating and cooling and ^^ Your message to the political decision to foster international cooperation to allow makers here at DIREC to awaken the replication of effective policies. sleeping giant?

Topics discussed in this session were: Introducing the session, Gerhard Stryi-Hipp, ^^ State of the art of Heating & Cooling Head of Energy Policy and Group Leader, Thermal technologies. Collectors and Applications, Fraunhofer ISE, drew the attention of the delegates towards the fact ^^ Combining different technologies to provide that in most of the countries, energy demand heating & cooling services. is predominantly for heating and cooling, hence ^^ Addressing the existing barriers. there is lot of market potential for solar cooling ^^ Making REHC cost effective. and heating pumps.

Panelists at Heating and Cooling Technologies Session

chapter 4 Thematic Session, Track I: Technology & Infrastructure 35 Figure 1: Final Energy Consumption Europe 2009 Drücke, President, European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF), circulated the idea of mass deployment. Adding another dimension to the thought process of Mr. Drücke; Prof. Huang Ming, President, Himin Solar Energy Fuel for Electricity Group, stressed on the requirement of branding. 20% Transport He supported the suggestion with the example 32% of the success of renewable manufacturers in China’s Solar Valley and R.R. Sonde, Thermax.

Heat These manufacturers, he mentioned, provide 48% consumers with complete renewable energy solutions for their energy service needs.

Session III: Buildings

Source: JRC 2010 Buildings alone are responsible for 38% of all human-caused gas emissions (20% residential, 18% commercial) and are the largest He also stated that the full replacement of GHG source in many countries. The increasing fossil and for heating & cooling is number of buildings in the developing countries possible by a mixture of: require the spread and scaling up of renewable and energy efficiency technologies, as well as ^^ Increased Efficiency effective regulation to correct market failures. A ^^ Biomass specific session focusing on promoting renewable ^^ Geothermal energy and energy efficiency in buildings covered ^^ Solar Thermal building code, solar passive architecture, buildings envelope and green rating ^^ Combined Heat and Power with RES that can facilitate the uptake of renewable energy ^^ Heat Pumps with RES electricity technologies.

Whereas, Ralph Sims,Director, Centre for Energy The objective of the session was to deliberate on Research, mentioned that world is replete with following key issues: examples of successful policies and frameworks that ^^ Green building initiatives (for existing and have been implemented worldwide for renewable new constructions) in different countries heating and cooling, and recommended that other and how they could help ongoing initiatives countries should draw lessons from these. of the Government of India.

Mr. Ravi Khanna, Director, Scatec Solar and Dr. ^^ Strategies, action plan and implementation Gudni A. Jóhannesson, Director General, Iceland challenges National Energy Authority were of the view that ^^ Barriers faced by various stakeholders practical and attractive applications of renewable and experiences towards slating a way heating and cooling are required to encourage forward industry growth and emphasised that pragmatic ^^ Information on future needs for energy choices need to be taken to avoid system technological up-grades and financial inefficiencies. mechanisms that may be adopted

Underlining the importance of developing new Dr. Ajay Mathur, Director General, Bureau of Energy products based on market research, Mr. Olivier Efficiency, Government of India, moderated this

DIREC 2010 Report 36 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Figure 2: Coherent Policy Framework for RES Heating and Cooling

Training

R & D

Demonstration Projects Ambitious Targets

Awareness Raising

Financial Incentives

Regulations

session. He discussed the use of renewables in on clean energy. He said this hand-holding green buildings and emphasised the importance involves knowledge sharing on energy building of design to reduce energy consumption. codes and establishing the India Green Building Council. Other panellists like Mr. Andreas Taking the discussion forward, Shri Deepak Thermann, Senior Project Manager, KfW German Gupta, Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable Development Bank and Mr. Robert Angioletti, Energy, Government of India, informed the Senior Consultant, French Agency for the delegates about the efforts India has made in Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) the direction of constructing certifi ed green discussed the application of energy effi ciency government buildings. measurements for building subsidies.

Whereas, Dr. Rick Duke, Deputy Assistant Taking note of the above-mentioned efforts, Secretary for Climate Policy, United States Mr. Manit Rastogi, Managing Director, Department of Energy, informed the delegates Morphogenesis, encouraged the delegates to about the partnerships that US and India have push for a paradigm shift to eliminate and reduce

ChaptERRoshini 4 Thematic Session, TrackA Catalyst I: Technology for Sustainable & Infrastructure Habitats 37 the impacts of new construction of non-green ^^ Environment due to the emission of both buildings. Such an effort, he felt will also give greenhouse gases and local pollutants, a boost to locally appropriate technology. Prof. ^^ Economy due to mounting fossil fuel import Alastair Adair, Pro. Vice Chancellor, University bill for many countries and depleting fossil of Ulster, UK, shared with delegates the efforts fuel resources. made by Northern Ireland to reduce emissions. He mentioned that recent research clearly indicated The sector certainly needs a transformation and a how green buildings are yielding higher returns. revolution in technology, infrastructure, transport S Padmanaban, USAID, encouraged participants concepts and political framework. Accordingly, it to come up with more projects that showcase was decided to discuss the role that alternative integration of renewable technology into green forms of energy, as well as alternate power packs building design. can play in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. How it can help us to achieve greater energy Session IV: Transport security and reduce noxious emissions. The session also discussed 2nd and 3rd generation Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have bio-fuels and new feed stocks for bio-ethanol led to a phenomenal growth in transportation production. In addition, a parallel workshop was demand worldwide, coupled with a concentration also organised to specifically focus on the status of vehicles in metropolitan cities with subsequent and development of bio-fuels in India, including impact on: the transport sector.

Figure 3: Contribution of Road Transport to Carbon Dioxide

12.2% 5.8%

Fuel 18.2% Combustion for other 15.9% ansport uses Tr ad Manufacturing & Construction Non-Ro Road Transport (Cars, Trucks & Buses)

Other Non- Transport

Electricity Generation & Heating 4%

43.9%

DIREC 2010 Report 38 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Setting the tone of the discussion, Mr. Tomoya Dr. Mathew Abraham, General Manager, Ichimura, Director General, Smart Community Alternate Fuel Technology, Mahindra & Department, New Energy and Industrial, Japan, Mahindra, explained the global challenges and TakingsharedTaking with forward forward the participants the the discussion discussion how in Japan from from more this this examplerequirements example he he reinstated faced reinstated by the how how transport reform reform sector of of transportthantransport 20% sectorof sector total iscarbon-dioxide is one one of of the the emissionsbiggest biggest challenges arechallenges and how to to be currentbe realized realized sources in in a of asociety oilsociety is not aiming aimingsufficient from transport sector and though this share has enough to meet the growing demands. He towardsremainedtowards low constant,low carbon carbon but society. society. the absolute He He also also value mentioned mentioned has showed how how Japan the Japan impact has has already growing already identifiedtransport identified 21 sector 21 keygrownkey technologies technologies substantially. to Taking to attain attain forward this this objective. the objective. discussion has on climate change and went on to discuss from this example he reiterated how reform of the the alternate fuel and propulsion technologies transport sector is one of the biggest challenges available at disposal. TheThe other other eminent eminent panellists: panellists: Mr. Mr. Dilip Dilip Ch Chenoy,enoy, Chief Chief Executive Executive Officer Officer & & Managing Managing to be realised in a society aiming towards low Director,carbonDirector, society. National National He also Skill Skill mentioned Development Development how Japan Corporation; Corporation; Session Dr.Coordinator, Dr. Tomas Tomas Dr. Kaberger, Kaberger, A.R. Shukla, Director Director Advisor, General,hasGeneral, already Swedish Swedish identified Energy Energy 21 key Agency Agency technologies and and Mr. Mr. to MNRE, Yasuyuki Yasuyuki GoI, Sando, spoke Sando, at Chief length Chief Engineer on Engineer Alternate and and Fuels attain this objective. for Surface Transportation (AFST) programme SeniorSenior Manager, Manager, R&D, R&D, Honda Honda Motors, Motors, of also alsothe GoI, discussed discussed the objective the the of importancewhich importance is to promote of of technologicalThetechnological other eminent improvements, improvements, panellists: Mr. skill Dilipskill identification Chenoy,identification Battery and and development Operateddevelopment Vehicles of of manpower, manpower, (BOV), which and and are theChiefthe overarching overarching Executive Officer importance importance & ofManaging of finances finances Director, for for product non-polluting product development development and quiet and in and operation, technological technological conserve advancements.Nationaladvancements. Skill Development Corporation; Dr. petroleum products and curb environmental Tomas Kaberger, Director General, Swedish pollution, along with getting feedback on the Energy Agency and Mr. Yasuyuki Sando, Chief performance of BOVs in operating conditions. Dr.EngineerDr. Mathew Mathew and Abraham, SeniorAbraham, Manager, General General R&D, Manager, Manager, Honda Alternate Alternate Fuel Fuel Technology, Technology, Mahindra Mahindra & & Mahindra,Motors,Mahindra, also explained explained discussed the the theglobal global importance challenges challenges of and andThis requirements interestingrequirements mix faced offaced country-specific by by the the transport transport examples technological improvements, skill identification acted as an eye-opener for the delegates, who sectorsector and and how how current current sources sources of of oil oil is is not not sufficient sufficient enough enough to to meet meet the the growing growing and development of manpower, and the were further enriched by participating in many demands.overarchingdemands. He importanceHe showed showed of the financesthe impact impact forgrowing growing product transport transportother side sector eventssector has andhas onparallel on climate climate workshops change change along anddevelopmentand went went on onand to to technological discuss discuss the the advancements. alternate alternate fuel fuel and andthe propulsion mainpropulsion ministerial technologies technologies conference available atavailable DIREC. at at disposal.disposal.

Figure 4: Transport Sector: Global Challenges & Requirements

SessionSession Coordinator, Coordinator, Dr. Dr. A.R. A.R. Shukla, Shukla, Advisor, Advisor, MNRE, MNRE, GoI, GoI, spoke spoke at at length length on on AlternateAlternate Fuels Fuels for for Surface Surface Transportation Transportation (AFST) (AFST) programme programme of of the the GoI, GoI, the the objectiveobjective of of which which is is to to promote promote Battery Battery Operated Operated Vehicles Vehicles (BOV), (BOV), which which are are non- non- pollutingpolluting and and quiet quiet in in operation, operation, conserve conserve petroleum petroleum products products and and curb curb environmentalenvironmental pollution, pollution, along along with with getting getting feedback feedback on on the the performance performance of of BOVs BOVs in in operatingoperating conditions. conditions. chaptRoshinier 4 Thematic Session, TrackA Catalyst I: Technology for Sustainable & Infrastructure Habitats 39

ThisThis interesting interesting mix mix of of country-specific country-specific examples examples acted acted as as an an eye-opener eye-opener for for the the delegates,delegates, who who were were further further enriched enriched by by participating participating in in many many other other side side events events and and parallelparallel workshops workshops along along the the main main ministerial ministerial conference conference at at DIREC. DIREC.

Chapter 5 Thematic Session, Track II: Policy

Chapter 5 Thematic Session, Track II: Policy

a joint session summarising the fundamental Track II: Policy questions raised and responses offered on The world has only tapped a small percentage the need of coherent, consistent and enabling of its vast renewable energy resources of which policy, legal & regulatory frameworks needed to there is immense scope. Policy efforts need to be mainstream renewable energy. strengthened in order to encourage a massive scale-up of renewable technologies so as to build a Session I: Renewable Energy Scenario long term, stable, low-carbon economy. Currently around hundred countries across the globe have The discussion centered on alternative scenarios at least some kind of renewable energy policy for the future and the challenges posed by the targets or promotion policies. However, there dramatic growth of renewable energy. The session is wide variation in the level of pro-active and primarily focused on the following key questions: sound national energy policies that give priority ^^ How much renewables can be realistically to spending on sustainable energy as part of expected (or intend) for the long-term national investment and development priorities. (2025-2050)? What are the most important technologies? Realising the need of the hour, DIREC 2010 proposed to come up with strategies to support ^^ What are appropriate time frames for much countries in developing stronger institutional greater renewables penetration? frameworks to undertake reforms in the energy ^^ What growth rates are possible? Does sector, to strengthen their institutions and build development happen in stages or just their capacity to increase the share of renewable continuously? Is sequencing important? energy in the overall energy mix. ^^ What is the role of distributed generation The main ministerial conference at DIREC and energy storage in a renewables-rich was designed in such a way that the various future? Which DG and storage technologies stakeholders, besides having an opportunity to will be most important first, in the shorter- delve deeper into various issues, would also be run? and Why? able to share with the participants of other forums ^^ How much of contribution can we the outcomes of their session’s deliberations in expect from biomass and biofuels? Will

chaptRoshinier 5 AThematic Catalyst forSession, Sustainable Track II:Habitats Policy 43 the resource be exhausted before the viable at large scales. The five key trends identified “long-run”? in support of this paradigm were: ^^ What is the appropriate mix of renewables, ^^ Emergence of energy storage technologies, carbon-capture and storage, and nuclear which are still costly, but prices are power for constraining future carbon expected to decline with economies of emissions to the levels deemed necessary scale and technology improvement. to avert serious climate change? ^^ The evolution of power systems, from centralised to distributed and from Panellists mentioned that fossil fuels are still the dumb to smart. major contributor to global electricity supply and ^^ The paradigm-changing concept that “load renewables account for only 19 percent of which follows supply” on a power grid. the major contribution comes from traditional biomass, followed by hydro power, solar and ^^ The institutional and technical interconnection of the electric power and geothermal. transport systems. However, the future looks very promising for ^^ Changing institutional and managerial role renewables. As per the global scenario for of (local) power distribution companies. Renewable Energy: ^^ International Energy Agency “Blue Map” Session II: Supporting policies (On-Grid) scenario (2008) shows 50% of electricity from renewables by 2050. The current policy environment has yielded ^^ Greenpeace advanced “revolution” scenario significant results in creating a large and diverse (2008) shows that renewables will account renewable energy market. However, policy efforts for 77% of electricity by 2050. need to be taken to the next level to encourage a massive scale-up of renewable technologies. To ^^ Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) increase the share of RE in the overall energy mix, advanced scenario shows that wind power many countries have adopted feed-in laws as an will provide 20-25% of global electricity by effective way to stimulate the expansion of RE 2030, which is on the basis of growth rates based power. The Renewable Portfolio Standard much less than the current growth. (RPS) has also been tried out by several countries ^^ Distributed generation (DG), including and states. It is essential to understand as to solar PV, biomass and biogas power, is how effective these policies have been, and how not seen as playing a large role in most they could be improved upon in the medium and scenarios, but one group of European long term to bring more renewable generated experts estimated 30% of total electricity power to the grid. in the EU from DG by 2020. Though effective policies for renewable energy ^^ Distributed solar PV will provide for 30% depends on the status and maturity of the of global electricity beyond 2040. Some technology in the respective country, international analysts have constructed scenarios cooperation and the sharing of best practices on based on radical cost reduction in solar PV regulatory and policy approaches can accelerate technology. the scale up of RE technologies. Taking forward this discussion, the session focused on the To translate these optimistic outlooks into a following topics: workable vision, this session discussed about low- carbon transport and linked it with a new paradigm: ^^ Embedding RE policy in energy and the integration of smart power grid technologies infrastructure policy. with energy storage technologies and electric ^^ Learning from past policies to promote RE vehicles to make renewable energy cheaper and power.

DIREC 2010 Report 44 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables ^^ Risks and barriers facing large scale tariff as in METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and deployment of RE power. Industry) document. Presently Japan is focusing ^^ The role of Regulators. on PVC market. ^^ Feed-in tariffs/Renewable Portfolio Similarly, Mr. Tulsi R. Tanti, Chairman and Standards. Managing Director, Suzlon, stated that if India ^^ Innovative policy & regulatory instruments. wants to increase the portfolio of renewables, strong policy frameworks at national level is a Moderators of the session were Dr. Pramod Deo, must. Even tariff based mechanisms have to be Chairperson and Chief Executive, Central Electricity worked out; reforms have to be made in issuing Regulatory Commission, India, along with Dr. Dan permits and funding the renewables. Arvizu, Director and Chief Executive, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. Dr. Appreciating the efforts made by different Deo suggested the use of a holistic approach in countries; Prof. Li Junfeng, Deputy Director calculating the cost of renewables. In this regard, General of Energy Research Institute & Secretary he mentioned in his opening remarks that the General of China Renewable Energy Industries externalities such as GHG emissions also have to Association, in his talk expressed the need to be taken into consideration while working out the learn from each other’s experience. He mentioned costs of renewable energy. To ensure the growth that Germany was the first country to install of renewables, he mentioned that government wind power and it has good policy framework for support, both at the policy and fiscal level, is renewables on tariffs, providing subsidies and important. Various policy mechanisms such as also for encouraging research and development. tax incentives and regulatory measures such as He went on to add that Germany’s market for feed-in tariffs have to be extended to the market renewables is also very good. In comparison players in order to attract the private sector. to Germany, China has a good market for wind power but solar still has to be developed. Almost echoing the suggestions made by Dr. Deo, Prof. Li Junfeng, Deputy Director General of While talking about the growth of renewables Energy Research Institute & Secretary General of over the years, Mr. Christopher Flavin, President, China Renewable Energy Industries Association, Worldwatch Institute, said that there was a time also urged the removal of trade barriers, a in 2004 when many countries did not even have measure that would reduce the cost of renewable any policy for renewables. However today 41 energy technologies. Whereas, Mr. Christopher developed and 42 developing countries have Flavin, President, Worldwatch Institute suggested their policies in place. Some countries like that for the creation of sustainable markets (for Germany with mediocre renewable sources have renewables); a combination of policies, inclusive also developed a good market and achieved of rules for grid access may be apt. grid convertible renewables. In fact, Germany took lessons from California way back in 1990; To showcase best practices, some panellists similarly other countries also have to learn from even highlighted national experiences promoting each other. He expressed the need to devise renewable energy. For example, Dr. Tetsunari policies that govern grid access as it is very Iida, Executive Director, ISEP, explained the important for the promotion of decentralised, status of renewables in Japan. He informed the variable output. New and flexible portfolio delegates how prior to 1998, Japan’s RE industry standards have to be worked out. He said that suffered owing to grid related problems, poor solar energy is going to be the dominant and regulations, poor supporting policies and due to dynamic energy of the future. lack of societal acceptance. However the situation is fast changing. Since 2009, the new government Mr. Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes, President, European is promoting renewables by introducing feed in Renewable Energy Federation, gave the

chaptRoshinier 5 AThematic Catalyst forSession, Sustainable Track II:Habitats Policy 45 suggestion that the best way to reduce reliance its possible convergence with the grid expansion on coal and nuclear energy is to harvest domestic programme in developing countries. Accordingly, renewable energy sources as the former have the major areas of discussion were: adverse impact on health and environment. He ^^ The role of renewable energy in addressing explained that even the cost of PVC has reduced energy access. and PVC along with wind power has the potential ^^ RE for rural development. to share maximum energy load. He added that wind energy can both be centralised as well ^^ Public-private partnership for the as decentralised, where as solar energy is a development of renewable energy based decentralised system. He also urged that society products/services. accept the advantages and benefits of renewables ^^ Decentralised RE power and its convergence and support government policies. with grid expansion plans. ^^ Barriers for mainstreaming small scale RE Session III: Supporting Policies (off-Grid) applications. ^^ Sustainability issues of RE based DDG A sizeable market for renewable energy is for systems. off-grid and decentralised applications both in urban and rural settings. DIREC provided a Moderated by Mr. Hemant Lamba, Chief, AuroRE platform to strategise on the development of and Ms. Akanksha Chaurey, Director, TERI, policies to support off-grid renewables, especially the session focused on the renewable energy those addressing the high cost of renewable situation in rural areas. Mr. Lamba introduced technologies, lack of awareness, need for strong the panellists to the audience and explained the Operation & Maintenance (O&M) infrastructure structure of the session stating that to begin with and market based delivery models. The role panellists will share their thought process with of renewable energy based Decentralised the delegates in various presentations. This part Distributed Generation (DDG) systems in of the session broadly focused on two aspects of addressing the issue of energy security was also RE namely: the lessons learnt and the road map, discussed focus was on policies that encourage before inviting a round of discussion.

Panelists at Supporting Policies (off-Grid) Session

DIREC 2010 Report 46 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Ms Chaurey commended the involvement of model, which urgently need to be addressed for Indian institutions and NGOs in renewables, and the sustainability of these projects. Dr. Alf Bjørseth, Chairman and CEO, Scatec Solar, gave a brief profile of his company, outlining Similarly, Dr. Kinsuk Mitra, President, Winrock details about its operations in various developing International India, spoke at length from the countries. Describing the experience and expertise experience of his organisation in implementing of his company, Dr. Bjørseth mentioned that due rural electrification projects using Jatropha to the proactive policies of many a government’s, oil. He referred extensively to a project considerable investment has been made in off- undertaken by Winrock International India in grid technologies. Consequently, Scatec has Ranidhera and informed the delegates that in projects in India, China, Africa and USA, where India some villages are in areas too remote to it has commissioned various rural electrification be connected by the grid supply. So off-grid projects in collaboration with different NGOs. The is the only option available for them. He also delegates also learnt that Scatec solar is even added that commissioning such projects has into mini grids, financing of solar projects and its share of difficulties as it requires the active setting up of solar energy centres. participation of all the stakeholders. Unless there is synergy between grid expansion and DDG (Decentralised Distributed Generation) “Removing trade barriers will projects, nurturing and sustaining these reduce the cost of renewable energy projects becomes an uphill task and it takes technologies”. so long to implement the project that even Li Junfeng, China Renewable Energy the villagers lose interest. In the case of bio- Industries Association. mass electrification, feed stock supply is very important. Besides, local communities have to be trained to manage the plants by themselves Similarly, Dr. B.C. Jain, Managing Director, Ankur as too much of hand holding is not good for the Scientific Ltd., also shared the experience of his success of the project in the long run. company in rural electrification using biomass. At the end of the session all the panellists agreed He mentioned that while working in rural areas that issues like - long term policies both for one has to work with too many stakeholders lighting and electrification; creating awareness like village community, local officials, district among people; standardisation of technologies, and state government agencies etc., and this material, equipment; proper structuring of adversely hampers the growth of the project programs and projects have to be taken into primarily because of the lack of accountability consideration for the promotion and sustainability and excessive interference. of the off-grid projects. Dr. S.P. Gon Chaudhuri, Managing Director, West Bengal Green Energy Development Corporation Session IV: State and Local Governments Limited, gave a different dimension to the discussion by giving the perspective of West Local governments can play multiple roles for Bengal and described the initiatives undertaken mainstreaming renewable energy as decision under Rajeev Gandhi Gramen Vidyuteekarn makers, planners, management of municipal Yojana (Rajeev Gandhi Rural Electrification infrastructure and role model for citizens and Scheme). Under this scheme, he explained, businesses. DIREC 2010 provided an opportunity the villagers now get grid quality electricity to the state and local governments from around for almost 10 to 12 hrs. The challenges faced the world to interact and share details of policies in this supply are gradation problems, lack of that can promote renewable energy. Accordingly appropriate tariff structure and lack of business the discussion revolved around following topics:

chaptRoshinier 5 AThematic Catalyst forSession, Sustainable Track II:Habitats Policy 47 ^^ Best-practice policies at state & local level development, which can also be promoted by to promote renewables public private partnerships. ^^ City & spatial planning Mr. S.K. Shukla, Director, Chhattisgarh ^^ Role of micro-finance and consumer credit Renewable Energy Development Agency for promoting renewables (CREDA), Chhattisgarh, India, described ^^ Capacity-building to develop local skills CREDA’s initiatives in promoting renewables to produce, market, install, operate and in the state. He said that the organisation not maintain sustainable energy technologies. only works as a facilitating agency, but also undertakes the responsibility of operations. The session was moderated by Mr. Griffin Accordingly village clusters have been formed Thompson, Manager Energy and Climate and youngsters have been trained to work like a Programs, US State Department, and introduced technician. These technicians are responsible for by Mr. Emani Kumar, Executive Director, ICLEI the operation and maintenance of energy plants South Asia. Mr. Kumar introduced the panellists installed in respective villages. Thus CREDA and briefly explained the working pattern of has successfully linked service provision with ICLEI in India, along with the initiatives taken income generation option for the rural people. by the organisation to promote renewables. He Renewables like PV’s, biomass gassifiers are also read out the message sent by Mr. Prithvi used for water heating, street light, household Raj Sawhney, Mayor of Delhi, who was not able lighting etc. In fact all the hotels in Chhattisgarh to attend the conference due to ill health. In his have solar water heating systems. He also message, Mr. Sawhney described the initiatives pointed out that 1400 villages in Chhattisgarh taken by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi to are getting electricity for lighting through solar promote renewables like the mandatory green based mini grids. building norms for government buildings and solar street lighting, etc. Giving another dimension to the discussion, Mr. R.A. Rajiv, Municipal Commissioner, Thane Panellists like Mr. Wolfgang Jung, Vice Managing Municipal Corporation, Mumbai, explained to Director and Head of Project Group on Future the participants that Thane is part of Mumbai energies at Science Park, Gelsenkirchen, and metropolitan area and has a unique problem. H.E. Jose Carlos das Dores Zorrinho, Secretary Rate of migration is very high in this area; hence of State for Energy and Innovation, Portugal, demand for energy grows proportionately. In spoke at length based on the experience of their order to cope up with the growing demand, organisation; whereas in general, the panellists alternative development strategies for energy emphasised on the importance of local leadership in promoting the use of renewable energy. have been devised such as mass transport system operated on renewables, devising green Mr. Ray Morgan, Chief Executive of Working building norms and etc. Borough Council, UK, suggested reducing the demand for thermal energy (used for In USA there are organisations like ICLEI room heating) by using appropriate spatial that undertake activities like data collection, planning. He also stated that local policies developing plans of cities and towns, conducting have to encompass all the dimensions taking social, economic and environmental studies etc. into consideration the requirements of all the Explaining how ICLEI works, Mr. Mosi Kitwana, stake holders as renewables cut across various Deputy Director, ICLEI, USA, mentioned that disciplines and fields. It was suggested that besides undertaking all the above-mentioned though it is recommended to have a Master activities, his organisation also collaborates with plan for town and city planning, provisions can various stakeholders and provides technical always be made for up-scaling and incremental consultancy for promoting renewables.

DIREC 2010 Report 48 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 6 Thematic Session, Track III: Finance

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 49 DiREC 2010 REpoRt 50 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 6 Thematic Session, Track III: Finance

Track III: Finance Session I: Financing innovation-projects, businesses and technologies Renewable energy technologies have long been recognised as an important part of the Financing innovations is the need of the hour solution to address energy security concerns as it is extremely important to not just develop and ensure economic growth in an environment new financial products, but also to adjust friendly manner. However, despite efforts and these products to customers’ requirements. the proactive stance taken by many countries, Financing innovation from technology and renewable energy is yet to be fully regarded as an business development through transfer and economically viable alternative energy source. early deployment require new forms of risk Several barriers impede commercialisation capital provision. Although the market potential of renewable energy and the development of for renewables is significant in most of the commercially viable small-and-medium scale countries, it is difficult to get financing for new enterprises that harness these technologies. The and innovative projects due to the elevated risks major barriers include: limited financing to defray and associated first-mover costs. As a result, high up-front costs associated with developing new approaches and mechanisms to finance renewable energy projects; entrepreneurs’ lack innovation are needed, some of which may be of familiarity with structuring commercially an outcome of new forms of public and private viable businesses; strong competition from partnerships. subsidised conventional energy sources and market penetration costs. Past experiences The main focus of the session was on following indicate that while there is a perceptible growth topics: in demand, institutionalisation of market ^^ Where are the frontiers of innovation and mechanisms, especially that of investment how can they be financed? mechanisms is yet to take root. DIREC 2010 took the initiative of exploring strategies to help ^^ What are the Costs and Rewards of being address these barriers and stimulate enhanced a first mover? financing for the deployment of renewable ^^ What are the roles for public finance in energy. supporting innovation.

chaptRoshinier 6 ThematicA Catalyst Session, for Sustainable Track III: HabitatsFinance 51 The session was chaired by Mr. Xiaoyu Zhao, ^^ Mr. Don Purka, Senior Investment Vice President, Asian Development Bank and Specialist, Private Sector Operations moderated by Mr. Eric Usher, Manager, Seed Department, ADB. Capital Programmes, UNEP. The panellists viewed RE development in three Panellists of the session were: segments – technology development, supply chain and product development. The panellists ^^ Dr. Vivek Tandon, Founder, Aloe Private unanimously agreed that though the market Equity. potential for renewable is significant in most ^^ Ms. Christine Eibs-Singer, Co-Founder and countries, early projects are hard to finance Chief Executive Officer, E+Co. dut to higher risks and this is where the public ^^ Mr. Ethan Zindler, Head of Policy Analysis, sector needs to come in to being down risks and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. transaction costs in order to catalyse private capital. ^^ Ms. Anita George, Director- Infrastructure, International Finance Corporation (IFC). Moderator Mr. Eric Usher, UNEP, began the session ^^ Mr. Debashish Majumdar, Chairman cum with his experienced observation that for public Managing Director, Indian Renewable Energy finance institutions the challenge is choosing Development Agency Limited (IREDA). how to exit sectors that have successfully scaled

DIREC 2010 Report 52 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables up to make way for private sector finance and to various issues like the difficulty of matching identify the way forward. innovations of smaller companies with that of large investors. Problems are due to the lack of Assessing the reasons to get capital into this space, regulatory frameworks in emerging sectors and the panellists explained that typically conventional adapting technology to new markets, or as per power sector projects have development costs the requirements of the existing markets. of 3–5%; whereas the ‘first mover’ low carbon projects have development costs of 6 – 10%.In 2008 Milestone: For the first time all the addition to this cost, development cycles of these renewables (incl. large hydro) attracted more projects are typically 2–3 times longer. There is power sector investment (~$140bn) than fossil- also a different risk and return paradigm, from fueled technologies (~$110bn) that of conventional energy which makes the risk The Panel deliberated on the role of public finance perception of this sector much higher. in supporting innovation and rewards for first Dr. Vivek Tandon, Aloe Private Equity, said that movers. They pointed out that while established with carbon credits so far have been of great help players are just entering business, many a in India, and that now it is necessary to improve small entrepreneurs and industries are already yields. Whereas, Anita George, International involved with RE. Taking forward this aspect of Finance Corporation (IFC), spoke at length about the discussion, Ms. Christine Eibs-Singer, E+Co, mentioned that this is what makes it imperative to help small entrepreneurs de-risk, especially keeping in mind the replication potential and cataloguing lessons learned.

Representatives of some of the banks and financing institutions like Yes Bank. E+ Co, ADB and IFC described their respective financing policies. For instance, IFC’s that emphasis is on portfolio approach and providing debt financing through various lines of credit. E+ Co also stated following a portfolio approach, but for SMEs with the prime focus on “S”. In fact, E+ Cos investment in East and West Africa focuses on de-risking the investments of small entrepreneurs, whose projects have a replication potential; Yes bank also finances business and people rather than technology.

Mr. Vivek Mehra, YES Bank, too reflected on the requirement of reliable finance models to support such initiatives, while Don Purka, ADB, highlighted the need to fund projects focusing on adapting technologies to the new markets and designing insurance policies for the same to reduce risk. Almost echoing the same concerns, Ethan Zindler, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, said that investment in emerging technology Panelists at Financing Innovation – Projects, start-ups has not taken off and hence it is Businesses and Technologies Session important to reinforce public finance.

chaptRoshinier 6 ThematicA Catalyst Session, for Sustainable Track III: HabitatsFinance 53 Panelists at Financing deployment at scale Session

Session II: Financing deployment at scale ^^ Role of financial institutions in catalysing commercial investment. To achieve large-scale deployment of technologies that have been commercially proven requires The session was chaired by Mr. Rashad Kaldany, large-scale investment. Weak financial markets Vice President, IFC for Asia, Eastern Europe, create not only a problem of access to finance, Middle East and North Africa. It was moderated but also introduce a bias towards investment in and introduced by Ms. Kirsty Hamilton, Associate fossil fuel based technologies. Many renewable Fellow, Chatham House, and coordinated by energy technologies are still relatively new to Mr. K. S. Popli Director (Technical), IREDA. The the market so the commercial chains, networks, panellists of the session were as follows: marketing and financial links and other ^^ Mr. Clifford Polycarp, Senior Associate, institutional structures that service traditional World Resources Institute - WRI. energy technologies are not completely in place. ^^ Mr. Nick Robins, Head, Climate Change In low-income countries government intervention Centre of Excellence, HSBC. and development finance is necessary to unlock ^^ Mr. Craig O’Connor, Director, Office of and scale-up investment in RE technologies Renewable Energy & Environmental (cover incremental costs, share risks, provide Exports, Exim Bank, USA. underlying finance in LDC). But to achieve large- ^^ Mr. Peter T. Gutman, Global Head, scale deployment, a large share of financing Renewable Energy & Environmental needs to come from the private sector. Finance, Standard Chartered Bank. The following topics were identified: ^^ Mr. Satish Mandhana, Managing Director, IDFC Private Equity. ^^ Risks and barriers facing the large scale deployment of renewable energy The panel gave an overview of financing technologies. renewables from 2004 until today. It was

DIREC 2010 Report 54 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables mentioned that investments in renewables constitute one fourth of the total energy investments and majority of these are in hydro. To reduce the capital costs and to encourage innovative financing; technical assistance should be provided to the governments and local banks in order for them to be able to assess the risks involved with RE. Standardising systems is also necessary for RE as in the case of biomass, as there was a time when the initial cost of biomass used to be taken as low but with experience the cost of biomass has been reconsidered.

Accordingly, Mr. Kaldany mentioned the challenges for renewable energy growth, which he said included nascent stages of growth, inadequacy of grid infrastructure, unpredictability of government support and lack of funding in local currencies. Adding to the discussion, Mr. Mandhana said that countries like India need to strengthen law Panelistsdue at toFinancing the lack deployment of regulatory at scale Session frameworksimplementation in emerging to enabling sectors scaling-up. and adapting technology to new markets, or as per the requirements of the existing markets. Figure 5: Financial investment by region 2004–2009 ($bn).

Source: Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2010, UNEP/Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Figure 2: Financial investment by region 2004 - 2009 ($bn); source: global trends in sustainable Energy investment 2010, unEp/Bloomberg chaptRoshinier 6 new Energy Finance ThematicA Catalyst Session, for Sustainable Track III: HabitatsFinance 55 2008 milestone: For the first time all the renewables (incl. large hydro) attracted more power sector investment (~$140bn) than fossil-fueled technologies (~$110bn)

Panel deliberated on the role of public finance in supporting innovation and rewards for first movers. They pointed out that while established players are entering business, many a small entrepreneurs and industries are already involved with RE. Taking forward this aspect of the discussion, Christine Eibs-Singer, E+Co, mentioned that this is what makes it imperative to help small entrepreneurs de-risk, especially keeping in mind the replication potential and cataloguing lessons learned.

Representatives of some of the banks and financing institutions like Yes Bank. E+ Co, ADB and IFC described their respective financing policies. For instance IFC emphasis is on portfolio approach and providing debt financing through various lines of credit. E+ Co is following a portfolio approach too, but for SMEs with prime focus on “S”. In fact, E+ Cos investment in East and West Panellists in general felt that innovation is reforms. He emphasised the need to focus on a required both in technology as well as in shift from developed to emerging markets. business models; similarly grid parity is also important especially in countries where tariff structure varies with the type of RE source Session III: Financing for small businesses and consumer. It was also noted that scaling and end-users up is also dependent on issues like innovation To start a new business activity/project and in financing, inter connectivity, uncertainty to develop a new technology, an entrepreneur of converting to firm power and effective (at different stages) needs various sources of bankability. capital and business-development support. The panellists felt that clean technology fund Given the nascent stages of the renewables needs to be developed not only at the global industry, there is limited availability of level, but also at national level, both in direct, as investment capital to finance the high up-front well as indirect mechanisms. cost associated with these projects, especially at the initial stages of development. Due to Mr. Craig O’Connor from Exim Bank mentioned various barriers and market failures that inhibit that competition is a recipe to reduce loan financier engagement in (particularly off-grid) costs; Peter Gutman said RE projects are more RE markets, there are many financial and non- about debt than equity so it is very essential financial gaps. These gaps make it difficult to to carefully structure as well as support these launch new businesses, or even expand the projects. existing and proven ones.

Mr. Nick Robins of HSBC underscored the Taking into consideration the above-mentioned importance of investment related energy facts, the session revolved around following transitions that result from financial regulation topics of discussions:

Figure 6: Public Finance in Sustainable Energy.

$21,1bn $1,1bn $17,4bn

$8,510 Export Finance $10,641 Development Banks

$6.5bn Multilaterals $11,477 $3,853 $6,457 $2,343 2007 2008 2009

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

DIREC 2010 Report 56 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables ^^ Enterprise Development Services for Clean Session IV: Initiatives to catalyse and scale- Energy SMEs. up investment in renewable energy ^^ Scaling up access to Early Stage/Seed Capital for RE projects. The session focused on a number of recent ^^ Approaches for softening loan financing: initiatives designed to catalyse in investment in interest rate reductions, green mortgages, renewable energy. These included: guarantee facilities. ^^ Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Low ^^ Importance of microfinance. Income Countries (SREP). ^^ Development of new end-user finance ^^ Global Energy Transfer Feed-in Tariff (GET products by local banks/MFIs. FiT). ^^ Global Climate Partnership Fund. ^^ Leveraging existing networks, building new market linkages. ^^ The Critical Mass project. ^^ Creation of opportunities for incoming ^^ Global Renewables Investment Plan - generating activities. GRIP.

The session was moderated and introduced by Moderator of the session was Ms. Virginia Ms. Richenda Van Leeuwen, Senior Director, Sonntag-O’Brien, Executive Secretary, REN21, UN Foundation, coordinated by Dr. D.K. Khare, who also introduced the session; while the Director, MNRE and the panellists were: session coordinator was Mr. K. S. Popli, Director ^^ Mr. Daniel Magallon, Managing Director, (Technical), IREDA. The panellists were as Basel Agency for Sustainable Energy. follows: ^^ Mr. Eric Usher, Manager, Seed Capital ^^ Mr. Jonathan Maxwell, Founding Partner Programmes, UNEP. & Chief Executive Officer, Sustainable Development Capital LLP. ^^ Mr. Patricio Boyd, Director Rural Operations, Emprenda, Argentina. ^^ Dr. Klaus Peter Pischke, Energy Sector and Policy Division, KfW Development Bank ^^ Mr. Charan Singh, Chairman, Aryavart Gramin Bank ^^ Ms. Natalia Kulichenko-Lotz, Senior Energy Specialist, Sustainable Energy Department, The panellists in general shared their experiences World Bank. in financing SME’s and mentioned that what ^^ Dr. Martin Schoepe, Head of Division their institutions look for while assessing their International and EU Affairs of Renewable financial needs the business model, maintenance Energy, German Federal Ministry for the and sustainability aspects and loan recovery Environment. potential of a project. The panellists presented different programs Speaking from the experience of his bank, Mr. Singh mentioned that approximately 500 and funds available to finance RE projects. million people in India’s countryside still have Mr. Jonathan Maxwell explained the Critical no access to electricity. So realising that India Mass project that promoted public-private has a solar energy potential of 5000 trillion partnerships and looked at ways to allocate risk kwh per year, his bank decided to support and report on lessons learned to improve capital the most feasible solution of decentralised efficiency. He also spoke about the proposed renewable energy systems, which includes Climate Public-Private Partnership (CP3) fund local energy generation and dissemination that will focus on providing private equity for systems. Fortunately, the bank has not looked low carbon and resource efficient infrastructure back since then. in Asia.

chaptRoshinier 6 ThematicA Catalyst Session, for Sustainable Track III: HabitatsFinance 57 Taking the discussion further, Dr. Martin Schoepe technical assistance to developing countries stated that the Global Renewable Investment Plan financial institutions. Similarly, Mr. Mark Dominik (GRIP) is an initiative to quantify economic benefits, gave details of Deutsche Bank’s Global Energy understand effectiveness of policy schemes Transfer Feed-in Tariff (GET FiT) program. In his and stimulate investment through increased presentation he mentioned that GET FiT has a lot international cooperation. Ms. Natalia Kulichenko- of flexibility and can help to overcome problems Lotz made the delegates aware of the World Bank’s of cost competitiveness and technical, financial Strategic Climate Fund and Clean Technology Fund and project development constraints of the as well as the Scaling-Up of Renewable Energy projects being implemented in the developing Program, which primarily focuses on pilot projects countries. in selected low-income countries. On the other hand Mr. Clifford Polycarp explained Dr. Klaus Peter described the Global Climate the working of World Resources Institute and also Partnership Fund that provides financial and cautioned about starting too many initiatives.

DIREC 2010 Report 58 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 7 Thematic Session, Track IV: Renewables, Access and MDGs

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 59

Chapter 7 Thematic Session, Track IV: Renewables, Access and MDGs

^^ Mobilising resources to achieve access to Track IV: Renewables, Access clean energy. and MDGs ^^ Engagement of all stakeholders. This track endeavoured to foresee how renewables ^^ Energy justice. could address the Millennium Development Goals and lead to development by improving social The session was chaired by Dr. Kandeh and economic conditions in the world’s poorest K. Yumkella, DG, UNIDO; coordinated by countries. Much like other tracks, this one was Dr. P.C. Maithani, Director, MNRE, Government of also divided into four sessions as given below: India and the panellists were as follows: ^^ Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz, German Federal Ministry for. Economic Cooperation and Session I: Renewables, Access & MDG Development (BMZ). Almost 2-3 billion people living in the developing ^^ Mr. Kadri Nassiep, Chief Executive Officer, countries lack access to affordable and clean South African National Energy Research energy services for both consumption and Institute (SANERI). productive uses. Lack of access to clean, ^^ Ms. Veerle Vandeweerd, Director, sustainable and affordable energy has been Environment and Energy Group, Bureau recognised as a key constraint in the attainment for Development Policy, United Nations of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Development Programme (UNDP). particularly in terms of creating the economic ^^ Ms. Rachel Kyte, Vice President, IFC. conditions necessary for reducing poverty. To ^^ Mr. Deepak Gupta, Secretary, MNRE, understand the role renewable can play in this Government of India. direction and how to improve the scenario, the ^^ Ms. Sylvie Lemmet, Director, Division session focused on following key topics: of Technology, Industry and Economics ^^ Development of a global partnership for (DTIE), United Nations Environment energy access. Programme (UNEP). ^^ Development of an effective communication/ media campaign focusing on building The panellists were unanimous in accepting that support for achieving energy access. energy access has the potential to play a major

chaptRoshinier 7 Thematic Session, Track AIV: Catalyst Renewables, for Sustainable Access and Habitats MDGs 61 role in achieving the MDGs goals. Facilitating technologies and best practices available for the discussion, Kandeh Yumkella spoke why improving the efficiency of energy use, and for and how energy access can help to achieve increasing the use of renewable energies are the MDGs and the role that improved energy needed to increase access to energy. Priority access can play in this aspect. Taking forward needs to be given to those initiatives which the discussion, Mr Deepak Gupta said that the are focused on tackling the poverty agenda world is replete with examples that showcase through the provision of sustainable energy how poverty reduction depends on energy services for lighting, communications, water access and how improvements in lighting and pumping, education, health and wealth creating rural electrification enhance education, health, activities. and livelihoods. He invited the delegates to work towards an international commitment, possibly The session revolved around following topics: through creation of a new energy access fund ^^ Availability of information and education of that would help in ensuring energy access and rural population. security, particularly in the rural pockets. ^^ Enhancing communication and awareness raising among key stakeholders and Adding to the thought process of Mr Gupta, Kadri decision makers about the potential of Nassiep mentioned that energy opens doors to RE sources and the potential of these many a knowledge opportunities like internet sources to provide a sustainable form of access, which is a vital source of educational energy supply. opportunity. He mentioned that energy access also has significant emphasise on improving the ^^ How to increase the understanding of living conditions and livelihoods of people. environmental issues and their implications at all levels, from local to the global, Veerle Vandeweerd gave another dimension and to influence opinion and policy in to the discussion by emphasising on an all ways that promote sustainable forms of inclusive approach to energy services, such as development. providing lighting, battery and mechanical power ^^ How to motivate industry, investors, simultaneously. Whereas, Rachel Kyte mentioned researchers and government agencies to the role private sector can play to make the continuously share information that will policy makers aware of sector requirements like facilitate dissemination of RETs. establishing appropriate investment incentives at ^^ Creation of opportunities for incoming national and international levels. She reminded generating activities. that it is necessary to ensure that the poor don’t end up paying the price of carbon accordingly ^^ Developing innovative and decentralised RE business should be oriented towards ‘saving approaches to poverty reduction by cost’ rather than making profits and in such a harnessing solar energy. scenario initial subsidies can help the businesses ^^ Training and networking for energy policy to establish quickly and move into new markets makers, regulators, and planners. with ease. However, Manfred Konukiewitz stated ^^ Strengthening existing Energy Centres, that it will help to treat the customers as the Agencies and Industry Associations. “first funding mechanism.” The session was moderated and introduced by Dr. Leena Srivastava, Executive Director, TERI, Session II: Capacity Building coordinated by Mr. P.C. Pant, Director, MNRE, GoI Capacity Building on energy policy making, and the panellists were: energy regulations, energy planning and ^^ Dr. Joe Madiath, Executive Director, Gram project financing, as well as in the latest Vikas.

DIREC 2010 Report 62 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables ^^ Mr. Berthold Breid, Chief Executive Officer, identified as paramount for the success of RE Renewables Academy AG (RENAC). programmes and projects. ^^ Mr. Ryan Glenn Anderson, Advisor and Team Leader, Renewable Energy Finance, Session III: Women Empowerment Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Norway. Women are the mainstream users and producers ^^ Mr. Mark Radka, Chief of the Energy Branch, of energy and they have, in a number of cases, United Nations Environment Programme demonstrated their interest by taking active roles (UNEP). in renewable energy projects that produce real benefits towards their empowerment: that improve ^^ Mr. Hugo Lucas, Director for Policy, Capacity their quality of life, reduce their workload, reduce Building and Outreach, International health hazards associated with indoor burning of Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). firewood or provide them with opportunities to ^^ Mr. Bunker Roy, Director, The Barefoot increase their income. Women are already playing College. diverse roles in some renewable energy activities as energy consumers and beneficiaries, as micro Panellists discussed how capacity building for entrepreneurs, as extension workers and caretakers energy access, especially in the area of renewable and as leaders, networkers and lobbyists. energy, needs to be all encompassing and carried out at all the levels, right from politicians This session accordingly focused on: to donors and bureaucrats, to educators, NGOs ^^ How to incorporate gender sensitivity in and students in both the developed and the national policy making? developing countries. For such extensive training ^^ What are the necessary steps to involve programmes, it was felt that it is essential to women in different stages of project develop communication tools needed to elucidate development? the co-benefits of providing energy access and ^^ How to provide incentives for women and its importance for the MDGs women’s organisations to overcome the The discussions also identified financial institutions barriers often faced in obtaining credit? as another key stakeholder in the energy access ^^ Renewable energy for improving the programme, whose capacity too needs to be households’ quality of life developed for designing appropriate financial ^^ Income generation activities for women in instruments for lending. Even the importance of energy service delivery carefully identifying target groups for capacity ^^ Separate resources for dealing with enhancement; so as to achieve the purpose of women’s energy poverty issues enhanced energy access in a sustainable manner was stressed. In the context of capacity building, The session was moderated and introduced by the Government of India’s initiatives through Dr. Veena Joshi, Senior Advisor, SDC and the investment in educational institutes attracted a session coordinator was Mr. K.P. Sukumaran, lot of attention and interest. MNRE-UNDP ACE Project. Besides the panellists were: From sustainability point of view, the session ^^ Mr. Dipal Chandra Barua, Founder advocated the need to develop entrepreneurs at & Chairman, Bright Green Energy the local level, who could support the renewable Foundation energy based products and services identified as critical; along with the need for identifying ^^ Dr. Nandita Mongia, Principal Advisor, and building replicable models on-the-ground South Asia Regional Initiative - Energy and addressing the challenge of scaling up was ^^ Ms. Jayshree Vyas, MD, SEWA Bank

chaptRoshinier 7 Thematic Session, Track AIV: Catalyst Renewables, for Sustainable Access and Habitats MDGs 63 Panelists at Women Empowerment Session

^^ Ms. Adeola Eleri, Nigeria, Senior Scientific beneficial for women, and their families and the Officer, Renewable Energy Department, need to design energy projects with significant Energy Commission of Nigeria general component. She also cited examples of successful projects with active involvement The session was organised in the backdrop of of women in India and other countries and the fact that women are the mainstream users suggested that the details of such projects of energy and by taking active role in renewable should be collated for wider dissemination. It was energy projects, they are empowered. There is informed that the Government of Kerala in India also remarkable improvement in their quality of has initiated a Women Institute for sustainable life besides there is significant reduction in their development with direct association of the Energy work load, along with mitigation of health hazards Management Centre, Government of Kerala. She associated with indoor air pollution arising out of is actively involved in the functioning of this fire wood/biomass burning for cooking. institute and suggested that this is an example worth emulating. The moderator Dr. Veena Joshi highlighted the importance of clean energy access to rural The speakers highlighted the role of energy households, which would directly contribute to for increasing the productivity, reduction in the empowerment of women. Dr. Nandita Mongia drudgery, increasing the standard of life of highlighted the need for energy services equitability rural people, particularly rural women. It was for women, creating awareness amongst women suggested that project developers should have as a measure of their capacity building in order to first-hand information about the use of energy select appropriate energy sources, which could be by women in their daily life and such interaction

DIREC 2010 Report 64 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables The session was followed by active discussion, which was participated by a number of delegates. The suggestions made therein included; integration of fuel policy in the public nutrition programme, use of solar energy products for water pumping and solar powered refrigeration which could specifically benefit rural women, to consider women as not only a consumer of energy but also to empower them as energy entrepreneurs or business partners, the need for creating a portal of clean energy system for creating awareness, introduction of clean energy devices which could reduce the long working hours of women, to consider women’s participation in the relevant programmes not only as end-users but also as an integral part in the supply chain. It was highlighted that the technology per se is not the critically important issue, rather providing access to clean energy services should be the primary objective of the projects.

The session was well attended by a cross-section of delegates from India and other participating Panelists at Women Empowerment Session countries and was extremely interactive. should be collected by visiting the homes of Session IV: Renewable Energy in India women in order to find out the energy use The development and utilisation of renewable energy and the systems being used by them in order has been accorded high priority by the Government to suggest solutions for improving their living of India. The current policy environment in India, conditions. Need for providing micro financing undoubtedly, has yielded significant results. India to acquire energy efficient devices was also is ranked fifth globally for installed wind capacity highlighted. and second for biogas generation and runs one of the most diverse and biggest renewable energy The relevance of improved cook stoves and programmes in the world. The Government biogas plants for providing clean cooking energy policy has been successful in creating a fairly services was also discussed. The speakers large and diversified manufacturing base, and suggested that energy audit in the women’s an infrastructure to support Renewable Energy home may be carried out in order to suggest Technology (RET) design, development, testing measures for energy conservation, as well as and deployment. So far, an aggregate capacity the installation of appropriate energy devices for of over 17,000 MW has been installed, based on improving the quality of life. Ms. Adeola Eleri and renewable energy technologies. The topics that Mr. Barua presented the details of the projects were covered during this session were: being implemented in Nigeria and Bangladesh ^^ Status of renewable energy deployment in respectively for providing access of clean energy India. to women and called for integration of gender sensitivity in the renewable energy projects, ^^ Barriers to mainstreaming RE in India. particularly for rural energy services. ^^ Role of RE in addressing energy security.

chaptRoshinier 7 Thematic Session, Track AIV: Catalyst Renewables, for Sustainable Access and Habitats MDGs 65 ^^ RE as a driver for rural development. ^^ Dr. Shonali Pachauri, Deputy Program ^^ Role of R&D and technology development. Leader of the Population and Climate Change (PCC) program, International ^^ Policy, regulatory and fiscal measures to Institute for Applied Systems Analysis promote RE deployment. (IIASA). The key speakers during this session were: ^^ Dr. Jyoti Parikh, Executive Director, IRADe ^^ Chairperson: Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Union Mr. Deepak Gupta set the stage for discussion Minister for New & Renewable Energy, during the session. He mentioned that renewable Government of India. grid capacity in India has increased more than ^^ Moderator: Mr. Suresh Prabhu, Chairman, five times, from around 2% to around 11% Council for Energy, Environment and Water, in only eight years, and is contributing about India. 4.13% to electricity generation mix. He added ^^ Introduction: Mr. Deepak Gupta, Secretary, that in the larger perspective of grid power, a MNRE, Government of India. new area of renewable power plant at the tail end of grid is being experimented in India to Panellists: reduce transmission losses, and improve both ^^ Dr. Pramod Deo, Chairperson and Chief voltage and frequency at the tail end. Hundreds Executive, Central Electricity Regulatory of such plants are expected to come up in the Commission, India. next few years, thus improving the transmission infrastructure in the country. ^^ Mr. Darryl D’Monte, Chairman, Forum of Environmental Journalists of India. In the context of off grid renewable power ^^ Mr. Jens Burgtorf, Director, Indo-German program, he mentioned that Indian renewable Energy Programme (IGEN), GTZ. energy priorities are different from that of the

Figure 7: India’s Energy ChallengeIn dia’sE ne rg y Ch alleng e

Inne xt12ye ars India’s Electricity electricityrequirement s ho rtage  togrow 2.5times e stim at edat25Ͳ 35 GW Demand Sh ortage

Clim ate Access 400Millionpeople ClimateC ha ngeis  Change stillw ith o utacc ess  a lso anim po rta nt toelectricity issue Security

Ind ia isdepende ntonoil importsfo r80% ofits  de mand

DIRECThe 2010 key R espeakersport during this session were: 66 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables x Chairperson: Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Union Minister for New & Renewable Energy, Government of India x Moderator: Mr. Suresh Prabhu, Chairman, Council for Energy, Environment and Water, India x Introduction: Mr. Deepak Gupta, Secretary, MNRE, Government of India

Panellists: o Dr. Pramod Deo, Chairperson and Chief Executive, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, India o Mr. Darryl D’Monte, Chairman, Forum of Environmental Journalists of India o Mr. Jens Burgtorf, Director, Indo-German Energy Programme (IGEN), GTZ o Dr. Shonali Pachauri, Deputy Program Leader of the Population and Climate Change (PCC) program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) o Dr. Jyoti Parikh, Executive Director, IRADe

Mr Deepak Gupta set the stage for discussion during the session. He mentioned that renewable energy in India has increased by 5 times in the last eight years and outlined the strategy of the Ministry for Up-scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables for Energy Security, Climate Change and Economic Development. He mentioned that the focus areas of Ministry were as follows: Panelists at Renewable Energy in India Session

developed countries, firstly, because it provides to be achieved by 2015 through usage of rural energy access to large rural populations including solar lighting in 5 million rural households. The those in inaccessible areas and meeting the un- session proceedings were then handed over to met demand in many other areas. Secondly, the distinguished panellists of the session by the because in one way or the other, they replace fossil moderator. fuels and can make a significant contribution to reduction in their consumption, which is important Dr. Pramod Deo mentioned that facilitating private from the point of view of energy security. sector investment in renewable energy is a key objective of the regulatory framework in India and Quoting a few successful initiatives of the Ministry, several regulatory mechanisms have been put in he said that Solarization through 150,000 place to promote renewable energy development solarized telecom towers will result in savings in the country such as cost plus return based of 450 million litres of diesel annually, daytime tariff, or preferential tariffs, renewable purchase mitigation of diesel consumption in Industry obligations (20 states in India have already through solar applications will result in savings announced these targets) and new grid code and of 400 million litres diesel, rice-husk gasification connectivity regulations comprising facilitative in the rice mills in Eastern India through 2000 provisions for grid connectivity and integration of plants totalling 200 MW will result in savings renewable energy projects has been announced. of 100 million litres of diesel and 35 Million He stated that there is a need to move from the litres annual savings of kerosene is proposed cost plus return based tariff regime to a market

chaptRoshinier 7 Thematic Session, Track AIV: Catalyst Renewables, for Sustainable Access and Habitats MDGs 67 based mechanism to promote such resources technologies such as wind and solar PV in the and suggested that it is necessary to mobilize country. He made a critical point that the scale of funds from the clean energy fund to incentivize development of technologies such as solar PV have acceptability of market based mechanisms for been possible in Germany primarily on account greater acceptability among the end users. of cost reduction, which can also be the case for India as it embarks on a journey of promoting Adding another dimension to the discussion, large scale deployment of solar power. Mr. Darryl D’Monte spoke about the ‘power to choose’ and focussed his discussion on Dr. Shonali Pachauri spoke about renewable traditional fuel based cooking and the harmful energy and household energy access in India. effects of the same on the health of women. He She discussed in detail the health effects, urged the international community to accept the environmental impact and socio- economic proposition of improving traditional cook stoves impact of biomass usage, particularly in cooking; in developing countries as an attractive business whereas, Dr. Jyoti Parikh emphasised on the key opportunity and invited help in alleviating this buzz words of integration, consolidation and critical problem. convergence in the field of renewable energy development in India. Mr. Jens Burtgrof brought to the discussion the German experience of renewable energy To conclude, this session focused on the potential development. He emphasised the important of renewable industry in India, the challenges faced role that feed-in-tariffs has played in promoting and the importance of household energy access.

DIREC 2010 Report 68 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Chapter 8 Closing Plenary

Roshini A Catalyst for Sustainable Habitats 69

Chapter 8 Closing Plenary

gas concentrations to 450ppm will require Day 3: Plenary on Key Findings from considerable efforts. all Sessions While underlining the importance of smart th 29 October 2010 grids to scale up renewables, he reminded the participants that while the world is undertaking On Friday morning, the third and the last day of great efforts in this direction, fossil fuels will the conference, key outcomes from the four tracks continue to play an important role in this were presented to the delegates in the plenary. transition phase. He added that participants ))Track I: Technology and Infrastructure highlighted the benefits of renewables for Prof. Ralph Sims, Director, Centre for heating and cooling, and emphasised on the Energy Research, Massey University need to manufacture and market quality ))Track II: Policy - Dr. Eric Martinot, Senior renewable energy products. He noted that the Research Director, Institute for Sustainable need of the hour was to convert our buildings Energy Policies and Mr. Ernesto Macías, into net energy generators through green Alliance for Rural Electrification building design and the need to educate more and more green building professionals. ))Track III: Finance - Mr. Eric Usher, Manager, Seed Capital Programmes, UNEP In transport there is still a long way to go as ))Track IV: Renewables, Access and MDG - the sector requires significant spending to switch Mr. Suresh Prabhu, Chairman, Council for from the fleet of light vehicles to advanced Energy, Environment and Water, India renewable fuel and storage technologies. Prof. Sims noted that an array of renewable Summing up the discussion on technology and technology solutions will need to be combined infrastructure, Prof. Ralph Sims applauded the and promoted aggressively through government efforts of different countries in the direction institutional and infrastructural planning to make of renewables and mentioned that substantial this a reality. progress has been made in renewable technology in the past 20 years. However, he also cautioned Dr. Eric Martinot and Mr. Ernesto Macías that according to the IEA World Energy summarised the policy track and stated that Outlook 2009, the goal of limiting greenhouse though the ideal scenario of 50-100% renewable

ChaptRoshinier 8 A Catalyst for SustainableClosing Habitats Plenary 71 Prof. Ralph Sims, Director, Dr. Eric Martinot, Senior Research Director, Centre for Energy Research, Massey University Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies

energy use sounds very challenging, it is On Millennium Development Goals, it was very indeed feasible both technically and financially. much evident that increasing access to energy Dr. Martinot explained that while the delegates did will play a significant role in halving extreme raise concerns about the overall cost of renewables, poverty by 2015. Mr. Prabhu, emphasised the the more overarching issue is that of distribution of need to strengthen international cooperation on products within society. To overcome this barrier, technology transfer and training. He also called he noted, new and better scenarios involving for changing the UNFCCC Clean Development low energy price volatility, employment benefits Mechanism to include decentralised off-grid etc. are needed. He also emphasised the need energy projects. for countries to learn from one another’s policy successes to be able to effectively design the Mr. Eric Usher summed up the discussion on energy grids of the future-an effort that requires finance for renewables and mentioned that across policy, as well as technological innovations. the globe, banks, industry and governments are collaborating in unprecedented ways to Mr. Ernesto Macias focused on the need to massively increase investment in renewables. develop effective off-grid systems and the role However, much still needs to be done as the of systems NGOs, especially for countries like policy frameworks should also incorporate India. He also added that these systems need to be flexible and focus more on increasing capacity and performance, which the session concluded is essential if we want to eventually move from off-grid to “grid” systems.

Sharing the conclusion of the renewable access and MDGs session, Mr. Suresh Prabhu said that addressing gender inequality and access to energy are critical to reducing poverty, as often women are the ones burdened with collecting fuel for domestic use. It was also acknowledged that the world is replete with examples showing that gender inequality exacerbates poverty and that access to energy enables participation in Mr. Eric Usher, Manager, productive activities. Seed Capital Programmes, UNEP

DIREC 2010 Report 72 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables various approaches of providing investment for need to work together. He also stated that the industry. The drivers of these policies, he Copenhagen didn’t come up to his expectations, stated, must be understood pragmatically as but he did have great expectations from DIREC necessarily being more related to industrial and 2010 and now with Cancun. He cautioned that export policy than to environmental policy. if we don’t save this world, we won’t be able to have another world. The session, Mr. Usher said underscored the challenges for increasing investment in areas In his initial remarks, Mr. Thomas Friedman, New related to technology transfer and addressing York Times columnist and Pulitzer Prize winning the needs of the first-movers, who may not author said, that world has become hot, necessarily get decent returns in the beginning. flat and crowded owing to climate change and So, what is needed is to address the mismatch over population. He added that “the world is between the urgency of the renewable revolution witnessing five major trends namely, supply- and the slow policy scenario related to renewables. demand imbalance, energy poverty, biodiversity He lamented that while solar technology has loss, climate change and petro dictatorship. All radically advanced of late, the poor have not yet these problems of the 21st century have the benefited from this due to lack of investment in same solution-reliable, abundant, cheap and technologies they can use. clean electrons.” Explaining the new financing initiatives he pointed His Excellency Mr. Trond Giske, Minister of Trade out the example of the German Government and Industry, Norway, explained that his country is and KfW Development Bank’s Global Climate committed to renewable energy and cited Norway’s Partnership Fund which provides financial and target to be carbon neutral by 2050. He stated the technical assistance to financial institutions in need for innovation and multilateral agreements developing countries and is essentially focused to set a price on carbon and open investments towards addressing the multiple challenges of in clean energy. This move, he said is essential if bringing financing to all the levels. we need to focus on the health of people living on planet earth. He stated that we have to combine The Concluding Session solutions and work towards sustainable economic growth with focus on renewable energy and outlined DIREC 2010 saw a grand closing with an eclectic three areas of action: innovation where binding participation of ministers, energy experts and global agreement is required, moving capital from government representatives of 71 countries, with rich to poor countries and action in the private an aim of up-scaling and mainstreaming renewable sector regarding financial support. These three for energy security, climate change and economic areas will lead to growth in green technologies development. The conference outlined the need and will require commitments from a broad range for global leadership to ensure that the potential of of stakeholders. Mr. Giske in his remarks also renewable technologies are realised, dependence stressed the need for increased public-private on fossil fuels is reduced and energy needs of the partnerships and mentioned Norway’s partnership countries across the globe are met at affordable with the Tata Group to develop hydropower in rates. Consequently DIREC 2010 was successful India. Attracting the attention of delegates to the in promoting the campaign of renewable energy severity of the global challenges, he urged the to the next level – ‘demystifying renewable energy participants to commit themselves to positively for common man’s usage’. changing the world for the next generation.

Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Union Minister for New Dr. Mohamed El-Ashry, Chairman, REN21 added and Renewable Energy, Government of India, in that DIREC 2010 has been a great success and his concluding remarks expressed gratitude to there is a clear consensus on the outcomes. One of all the participants and stressed on the urgent the key outcomes was the Political Declaration.

ChaptRoshinier 8 A Catalyst for SustainableClosing Habitats Plenary 73 The Political Declaration

Dr. Farooq Abdullah presented the trend of renewable energy growth to DIREC Declaration: accelerate, technology development and policy efforts need to be taken to 1. We acknowledge the multiple benefits the next level, and large-scale private provided by renewable energy. Together investment needs to be encouraged. with energy efficiency, it provides energy access especially for the poor; 4. A large proportion of the world’s creates economic and job opportunities; population has remained without access improves air quality and moderates to modern energy services for too long. climate change; and enhances energy Depending upon the energy source in security and sustainable development. question (electricity for lighting, modern In the last five years, the renewable cooking fuel, etc.) anywhere between energy sector has grown strongly and 1.4 billion and 2.7 billion people lack steadily. Even in 2009, up against modern energy services. The use of strong headwinds caused by the global renewable energy sources will not recession, lower oil and gas prices, only provide access, but also help in and the lack of an international climate the eradication of poverty and in the agreement, total investment has achievement of the other Millennium increased. Development Goals (MDGs).

2. Besides finance, the growth in renewable 5. The goal enunciated by the UN Secretary energy has largely been policy driven. By General’s Advisory Group on Energy and early 2010, more than 100 countries had Climate change (AGECC) of universal some type of target and/or promotion access to modern energy services by policy related to renewable energy. In 2030 is commendable and should be addition, adoption of renewable energy pursued by the international community is no longer confined to the industrialised and accorded a high development world—more than half of the existing assistance priority. renewable power capacity is now in developing countries. 6. We support the designation of a Year of Access and call upon the United Nations 3. Despite the impressive growth in to designate 2012 as the International renewable energy adoption in the last Year of Energy Access. We agree to work five years, the challenge is that its share with governments, development banks, in the world’s primary energy supply the private sector and NGOs to achieve remains small and its adoption uneven. this objective. The world has tapped only a small amount of the vast supply of renewable 7. In many of our countries, investments energy resources. For the upward in targeted research and development

DIREC 2010 Report 74 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables in the energy sector are much lower and related skills in sourcing, marketing, than in other comparable sectors of the installing, operating, maintaining, and economy and incommensurate with the servicing renewable energy equipment scale of the task at hand. We reaffirm the and in the sharing of best practices. importance of investments in research, development and deployment (RD & D) 10.While there is no shortage of capital and of international cooperation in RD & in the world, the challenge has always D for more cost-effective and advanced been how to scale up private investment energy technologies. in clean energy in developing countries. Public funds are instrumental in 8. It is only by significant scaling-up of leveraging and incentivising large- renewable energy that we will enter scale private investment in developing the virtuous cycle of cost-reductions countries through, for example, followed by more significant scaling- guarantees, risk sharing, buying down up. We recognise that increasing the interest, etc. The provision of fast-start use of renewable energy faces several funding in the Copenhagen Accord, challenges but consistent and sustained as well as existing multi-lateral and government policies can and do have national funds, could catalyse much a favorable impact on technology larger private flows for clean energy in deployment. Supportive frameworks, developing countries. Some of these procurement policies, a level playing resources should also be provided for field, providing access to affordable improving access to modern energy long-term finance, all will help increase services in rural areas of the developing the uptake of renewable energy. world. The integration and mainstreaming of renewable energy into national 11.We welcome the Delhi International sustainable development strategies Action Programme that encourages for poverty reduction, , governments, international organi- education, health and family welfare, sations, private companies, industry will further provide more opportunities associations, and civil society for scaling-up. organisations to take voluntary action for up-scaling renewable energy 9. We welcome and urge cooperative within their jurisdictions or spheres global action to strengthen human and of responsibility. We request the institutional capacities in developing Government of India to present an countries. Long-term strategies for update of these voluntary actions capacity building are required for policy at the next International Renewable analysis and technology assessment, Energy Conference to be hosted by the supporting development of technologies Government of Abu Dhabi, UAE.

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ChapteRoshinir 8 A Catalyst for SustainableClosing Habitats Plenary 75

DIREC 2010 Report_Inside Pages_12-01-11.indd 75 1/14/2011 12:21:57 PM Delegates on dais during the Closing Plenary

Mr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, Assistant Minister, Action Programme, a call for pledges which ran Ministry of Foreign Affairs, United Arab Emirates throughout the conference. She announced that (UAE), invited participants to the next IREC 30 pledges had come in with seven coming from conference to take place in Abu Dhabi, UAE in National Governments and stated that most 2013. He noted that the meeting will provide pledges came in the areas of target-based measures, an opportunity to continue collaboration on followed by rural energy, communication/ renewable energy and stressed that the world awareness raising and deployment. As an does not have the luxury of choosing between incentive to make progress on the pledges, environmental protection and economic growth. REN21 will be offering awards to those who reach “We have to be champions for both,” he said. their milestones by the next IREC.

Ms. Virginia Sonntag-O’Brien, REN21, reported Closing the conference, Mr. Deepak Gupta, on the results of REN21’s Delhi International Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable

As they said it: ™™ “Addressing gender inequality and access to energy are critical to reducing poverty”. Mr. Suresh Prabhu, Chairman, Council for Energy, Environment and Water, India ™™ “Countries must learn from one another’s policy successes in order to design the energy grids of the future, which will require policy as well as technological innovation. Dr. Eric Martinot, Senior Research Director, Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies ™™ “Long, loud and legal policies are needed to encourage financiers to invest more heavily in renewables. Policy frameworks cannot only be supportive but must be investment grade.” Mr. Eric Usher, Manager, Seed Capital Programmes, UNEP ™™ “We need to work together to have a better world….if we don’t save this world, we won’t be able to have another world.” Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Government of India.

DIREC 2010 Report 76 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Energy, India, expressed his appreciation of the biomass based technology. DIREC 2010 Expo interest shown by the delegates and pointed out with 525 exhibitors and 15 country pavilions the interest shown by large number of students, facilitated interaction between the experts and which he saw as promise for the future. practitioners in the field of renewable energy technology. A number of official side events and parallel events were also held during DIREC 2010. Some Globally, some 1.5 billion people lack access to of these were on CDM projects in renewable electricity. In India, itself 40% of the population energy: Issues and Presentation, BEE: National lacks access. Renewable energy can provide Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency, UNDP the means to provide this access. DIREC 2010 ACE project on cook stoves, Wind energy, provided an opportunity to the participating Solar Water Heating systems, National funding countries and organisations to showcase policy institutions promoting renewable energy: initiatives and best practices in facilitating the best practices and future, commercially viable rapid scale up of renewable energy.

ChaptRoshinier 8 A Catalyst for SustainableClosing Habitats Plenary 77

DIAP Pledge Summary

Cookstoves Initiative; the installation of 1180 Ren21 Secretariat water pumping windmills and 608kW cumulative The Renewable Energy Policy Network for the capacity of wind-solar hybrid systems by 21st Century (REN21), provides a policy forum 2013; on-grid and off-grid biomass and biogas for international leadership seeking to accelerate applications; target of 200 MW of off-grid solar deployment of renewable energies worldwide installations by 2013 for hot water and lighting and proved to be an ideal international partner in rural areas; and decentralised bioenergy for the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, applications for rural areas. Government of India. Germany submitted 4 pledges based on the 32 pledges have been submitted in total and new German Energy Concept, the International new pledges continue to be made. In fact, more Climate Initiative (ICI), the national Development pledges are expected until the end of the year Plan on Electro mobility and the bilateral program (December 2010)! Governments, industry and for development cooperation on renewable non-profit stakeholders can still showcase their energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE). In detail, leadership and join the front-runners who have Germany pledged to increase the share of gross already pledged their commitments. final energy consumption in Germany to 18% in 2020, incrementally increasing each decade to During DIREC 2010, strong pledges were 60% by 2050. In conjunction with the national announced by the Government of India (6), plan on electro mobility, pledges were also Germany (4), Norway (2), and Switzerland made on the integration of Germany’s electricity (1). Local Governments in Japan lead the way grid into the European grid network as well as with pledges from the government of Tokyo electric vehicle and transportation deployment. (1) and Yokohama (1). Ten pledges were made Germany also committed to a 300 billion euro by the private sector representing India (9), contribution annually (from 2010 to 2012) for Bangladesh (1) and Nigeria (1). Seven pledges capacity building and development cooperation were submitted by NGO’s representing India, on RE and EE in developing countries. Canada, Europe and West Africa. Norway submitted 2 pledges targeting policy India submitted 6 pledges to promote renewable development and financing. Norway committed energy technology financing, development to double for the promotion of clean energy in and deployment for grid and off grid power developing countries from NOK 800million to generation in rural areas. This included the 1.6billion by 2011. Domestically, Norway also creation of a global competition to develop and pledged to reach its new national combined target deploy affordable, efficient and clean cookstove for renewable energy and energy efficiency of 30 technologies as part of India’s National Biomass twh increased annual production from 2001-2016

Roshini A CatalystDIAP forPl Sustainableedge Summa Habitatsry 79 (DIAP) Program Action ͲUp InternationalFollow Delhi Ͳup ! follow DIAP implementationthrough pledge  coordinates 100% REN21 implementation  – achieve pledge makers ƒ OBJECTIVE FACILITATE implementationpledge will between REN21 ofNEEDs for etc.) ƒ platformASSISTENCE tools ƒ AssessmentofEXCHANGEtechnical monitoring Creation (webinars, ƒ toEXPERTISE/  ƒ Access Development Capacity ƒ 2012 pledges atIREC of eligible progress AWARD 2010  DIAP end until implementation ! Pledges on ƒ based toPLEDGE ƒ Granted Continue

DiREC 2010 REpoRt 80 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables and to allocate NOK 1.85 billion (USD 310billion) (Canadian Renewable Energy Alliance), West to RE and EE in 2011. Africa (ECOWAS Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Effi ciency) and Europe (European Switzerland pledged to continue the strengthening Renewable Energy Council). of their FIT law. The new FIT law, effective in 2009, increases the overall money for FITs 12 As REN21 continues to follow up and document fold against the previous FIT. Qualifi ed projects the pledges in an ongoing dialog with the program will receive approximately CHF 260 Mio as they partners, successful results will be highlighted, and come on line. active cooperation will be encouraged. REN21 will keep track and report on progress made on the Japan local governments took the lead submitting pledges at the next International Renewable Energy two pledges. Tokyo pledged to increase the Conference which is scheduled to take place in Abu use of renewable energy through the Tokyo Dhabi in 2013. REN21 will also track the progress Metropolitan Government Cap and Trade program made on the four themes that were addressed and cooperation among regions. Yokohama at DIREC: technology and infrastructure, policy, pledged to increase the use of renewable energy fi nance, energy access and MDGs. It will further 10-fold by 2025 in comparison to a 2004 baseline help MNRE to design the DIREC International through public private partnership. Action Programme award programme.

Non Profi t: Pledges made by non-profi t MNRE sincerely thanks all those who contributed organisations represented India (such as the to, and will continue to contribute to, the successful Indian Institute of Technology, World Vision implementation of the Delhi International Action India, Himalayan Water Service), Canada Program.

Diap plEDgE summaRy 81 Aide Memoire IREDA & National KFW: Funding Institutions Promoting Renewable Energy - Best practices and future perspectives Yamuna) (Room: NEDO, MNRE, NEDO, JSCA, MoP, METI: Smart Grid Technology (Room: Seminar Godavari) Parallel Workshops Parallel WINROCK & UNDP ACE SDC Project, & MNRE: Renewable Energy for Rural Empowerment (Room: Mahanadi) WINROCK & UNDP ACE SDC Project, & MNRE: Renewable Energy for Rural Empowerment (Room: Mahanadi) US NREL: International Support for Clean Energy Development Plans (Room: Mahanadi) Embassy of Belgium & EU: Matching EU Policy and Practical Experience with India’s Potential (Room: Mahanadi) MNRE and Swedish SIDA, Embassy, Swedish Energy Bio- Agency: methanation: Upscaling challenges and opportunities Shipra) (Room: MNRE and Embassy, Swedish SIDA, Swedish Agency: Energy Bio-methanation: Upscaling and challenges opportunities Shipra) (Room: Session III CEO Roundtable Krishna) (Room: GBEP & FAO: GBEP & FAO: Contributing to scale up sustainable bio- energy (Room: Krishna) EPIA & Greenpeace International: Solar Generation - A Global Photovoltaic Market Outlook until 2050 Krishna) (Room: Tea Break Tea Tea Break Tea (Room: Ganga) (Room: Session II Multi- stakeholder Discussion Narmada) (Room: Swiss Govt.: Govt.: Swiss Energy Renewable R&D, Policy, Technologies, and Applications (Room: Projects Narmada) REEEP & ESMAP: REEEP & ESMAP: access Widening to low carbon energy (Room: Narmada) MAIN EVENT MORNING SESSION DAY 1 - 27 October 2010 Session I Ministerial Discussion (Room: Yamuna) AFTERNOON SESSION (Parallel Sessions and Joint AFTERNOON SESSION (Parallel Session) Joint Ministerial - Multi-stakeholder CEO Ganga) (Room: STRAIGHT TALK IRENA & REEEP: Access to Energy from Renewables in Small Islands (Room: Yamuna) Green Economy and Role of Renewables (Room: (Room: of Renewables Green Economy and Role Ganga) for energy security, of Renewables 2020: Role Vision climate change, and economic development Ganga) (Room: Registration Ganga) and introduction by the Chair (Room: Welcome Ganga) Journey from Johannesburg to Delhi (Room: for Upscaling & Mainstreaming Renewables Economic and Change Climate Security, Energy Ganga) Development (Room: Ganga) to Cancun (Room: Road ICLEI, MIRABILIS ADVISORY, TERI, BEE & MNRE: Strategy for Sustainable Habitats (Room: Jhelum) BMU: Green jobs, higher energy GHG security, mitigation (Room: Jhelum) ICLEI, ICLEI, MIRABILIS ADVISORY, & BEE TERI, Strategy MNRE: Sustainable for Habitats Jhelum) (Room: ACORE: Expanding Transmission: Efforts in the U.S. and India (Room: Jhelum) Programme Structure Programme MNRE, C-WET, MNRE, C-WET, GWEC and IWTMA: Wind Leap Energy: to a New Frogging Kosi) Era (Room: IREA- Renewables Renewables IREA- Together Working Worldwide Kosi) (Room: MNRE -C-WET, MNRE -C-WET, GWEC and IWTMA: Wind Leap Energy: to a New Frogging Kosi) Era (Room: IHA, Govt. of Iceland & MNRE: New Approaches to Hydropower Development Kosi) (Room: Parallel Workshops Parallel UNDP Project, UNDP Project, MNRE and Solar REEEP: Heating Water Systems -Global Perspectives Sutlej) (Room: INTPOW & Norwegian Embassy: Enabling Renewable Energy Generation in India (Room: Sutlej) Timing 16h00-16h30 16h30-17h00 17h00-18h30 Side Event 14h00-16h00 11h00-11h30 11h30-12h30 12h30-14h00 Lunch/Side Event 18h30-20h00 Networking Reception (Room: Ganga) (Room: 18h30-20h00 Networking Reception 08h00-09h00 09h00-09h10 09h10-09h50 09h50-10h00 10h00-10h30 10h30-11h00

DIREC 2010 Report 82 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables TERI, REEEP, ADB: TERI, REEEP, Rural Promoting Entrepreneurship for Enhancing Access to Clean Lighting Options Jhelum) (Room: WBA: Possibilities to WBA: Possibilities increase the supply of sustainable Biomass for Energy (Room: Jhelum) IEA-RETD & IRENA: of Renewable The Role Energy in Tomorrow’s Energy Systems Jhelum) (Room: Parallel Workshops Parallel CII, MNRE, Indo- Brazil Chamber of Commerce: 3rd International Biofuels India 2010 (Room: Kosi) UNEP: Considerations, UNEP: policies and measures to promote sustainable bio-energy development (Room: Kosi) CII, MNRE, Indo- Brazil Chamber of Commerce: 3rd International Biofuels India 2010 (Room: Kosi) ACORE & USDOC: Innovation in Energy Renewable Kosi) (Room: Finance ACCESS AND MDGs ACCESS TRACK 4 - RENEWABLES 4 - RENEWABLES TRACK Renewable, Access & MDG Renewable, Sutlej) (Room: Capacity Building (Room: Capacity Building (Room: Sutlej) Norwegian Embassy & IREDA: Mini-grids for remote village electrification and income generation activities (Room: Sutlej) Empowering Women (Room: (Room: Empowering Women Sutlej) Renewables in India (Room: in India (Room: Renewables Sutlej) MNRE: JNNSM (Room: Sutlej) MNRE: JNNSM (Room:

TRACK 3 –FINANCE TRACK Financing innovation - Financing projects, businesses and Krishna) technologies (Room: Financing deployment at scale Financing Krishna) (Room: Afganistan Govt.: Afghanistan Energy Renewable Rural Krishna) Development (Room: Financing for small businesses small for Financing and end-users (Room: Krishna) Initiatives to catalyse and scale and catalyse to Initiatives up investment in renewable Krishna) energy (Room: BMZ: South-South- Cooperation for Capacity Krishna) Development (Room: Tea Break Tea Tea Break Tea DAY 2 - 28 October 2010 Stage Setting for Each Track by Track Chair by Track Stage Setting for Each Track TRACK 2- POLICY TRACK RE Scenarios (Room: RE Scenarios (Room: Narmada) Supporting Policies I (on-grid) Supporting Policies Narmada) (Room: EREC: Renewable Energy EREC: Renewable scenarios as guidance for policy maker (Room: Narmada) Supporting Policies II (off-grid) Supporting Policies Narmada) (Room: State and Local Governments Narmada) (Room: Enviro Legal Defence Firm Enviro Legal Defence Firm & Heinrich Böll Foundation: locally RE Law: Towards adaptible globally competetive Narmada) (Room: TECHNOLOGY AND AND TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE TRACK 1 - TRACK Power Technology and Technology Power Yamuna) Infrastructure (Room: Heating and Cooling Cooling and Heating Yamuna) (Room: Technologies WWEA: Wind Power Power WWEA: Wind Prospects, Status, – Worldwide Yamuna) Drivers (Room: Buildings (Room: Yamuna) Buildings (Room: Transport (Room: Yamuna) (Room: Transport Scottish Development International: Grid connectivity Locations (Room: in Remote Yamuna)

Timing 08h45-09h00 09h00-10h30 10h30-11h00 11h00-12h30 12h30-14h00 Lunch Break/Side Event 14h00-15h30 15h30-16h00 16h00-17h30 17h30-19h00 Side Events 18h30-20h00 Networking Reception (Room: Ganga) (Room: 18h30-20h00 Networking Reception

Aide Memoire 83 MNRE and SESI: Solar Photo-voltaic (Room: Jhelum) MNRE and SESI: Solar Photo-voltaic (Room: Jhelum) Parallel Workshops Parallel CIIE: Addressing barriers for equity investment and raising risk capital for grid-connected solar energy Kosi) (Room: FAST, MNRE, IIT Bombay, Bank C-Step, World Spain, and IFC: Concentrated GTZ A potent Solar Power; option for Grid Power Kosi) (Room: MNRE, IIT Bombay, FAST, FAST, MNRE, IIT Bombay, Bank C-Step, World Spain, and IFC: Concentrated GTZ A potent Solar Power; option for Grid Power Kosi) (Room: MNRE: CDM projects in Issues Energy: Renewable (Room: and Perspective Sutlej) UNDP ACE: Cookstove Krishna) (Room: DAY 3 - 29 October 2010 Tea Break Tea Tea Break Tea Main Plenary Hall (Ganga) BEE: National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Narmada) (Room: Plenary: Report key findings from all sessions (Room: Ganga) key findings from all sessions (Room: Plenary: Report Ganga) Declaration or Plan of Action (Room: High level segment/Political Ganga) Closing remarks (Room: Foundation, Vasudha Heinrich Böll Foundation, and BMZ: Low carbon options ensuring energy security for India (Room: Yamuna) Timing 15h30-16h00 16h00-17h30 14h00-15h30 09h00-10h30 10h30-11h00 11h00-12h00 12h00-12h30 12h30-14h00 Lunch/Side Event

DIREC 2010 Report 84 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Parallel Workshops

arallel Workshops were held alongside the ministerial conference at the same venue. These were half and full-day events, which aimed at enhancing participants’ capacities and knowledge Pacross DIREC’s thematic areas. These events provided a unique opportunity to the world community to discuss the challenges of a rapid global scale-up of renewable energy, and to address the goals of energy security, climate change, and sustainable development.

Parallel Workshops of DIREC 2010 during 27th to 29th October, 2010

No. Central Theme of the Event Organisation/Entity 1 Solar Water Heating Systems: Global Perspectives UNDP Project, MNRE and REEEP

2. Wind Energy: Leap Frogging to a New Era MNRE -C-WET, GWEC and IWTMA

3. Strategy for Sustainable Habitats ICLEI, MIRABILIS ADVISORY, TERI, BEE & MNRE

4 Bio-methanation: Upscaling challenges and MNRE and Swedish Embassy, SIDA, Swedish opportunities Energy Agency

5. Renewable Energy for Rural Empowerment WINROCK & UNDP ACE Project, SDC & MNRE

6. Smart Grid Technology Semina NEDO, MNRE, MoP, JSCA, METI

7. National Funding Institutions Promoting KfW Development Bank Renewable Energy – Best Practices and Future Perspectives 8. 3rd International Biofuels India 2010 CII, MNRE, Indo-Brazil Chamber of Commerce

9. Promoting Rural Entrepreneurship for Enhancing TERI, REEEP, ADB Access to Clean Lighting Option 10. ; A potent option for MNRE, IIT Bombay, FAST, Spain, World Bank Grid Powe C-Step, GTZ and IFC

11. Solar Photovoltaic Power, Technology and MNRE and SESI Manufacturing

Roshini A Catalyst for SustainableAide Me Habitatsmoire 85 Side Events

ide Events provided DIREC participants with an opportunity to delve deeper into the issues addressed at the conference from a policy, rather than purely a technical or business perspective. S29 side events were held by Governmental, Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental Organisations.

Side Events of DIREC 2010 during 27th to 29th October, 2010 No. Title of the Side Event Name of Organisation 1. Enabling Renewable Energy Generation in India INTPOW & Norwegian Embassy 2. Expanding Transmission: Efforts in U.S. and India The American Council On Renewable Energy (ACORE) 3. Renewable Energy Policy, R&D, Technologies, Swiss Federal Office of Energy, Swiss Government Applications and Projects, including in Emerging and Developing Countries 4. Contributing to scale up sustainable bio-energy Global Bio-Energy Partnership (GBEP) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 5. International Support for Clean Energy US National Renewable Energy Laboratory Development Plans 6. New Approaches to Hydropower Development International Hydropower Association 7. Renewables Working Together Worldwide International Renewable Energy Alliance (IREA) 8. Green jobs, higher energy security, GHG German Federal Ministry, Economic Cooperation mitigation and Development Division 9. Access to Energy from Renewables in small IRENA and REEEP Islands 10. Widening access to low carbon energy REEEP & ESMAP 11. Solar Generation - A Global Photovoltaic Market European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) Outlook until 2050 & Greenpeace International 12. Matching EU Policy and Practical Experience with Embassy of Belgium and The Delegation of the India’s Potential European Union 13. Wind Power Worldwide – Status, Prospects, World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) Drivers. 14. Renewable Energy scenarios as guidance for policy European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) makers 15. Afghanistan Rural Renewable Energy Development Ministry of Energy and Water, Afghanistan 16. Mini-grids for remote village electrification and Royal Norwegian Embassy and Indian Renewable income generation activities Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA) 17. Possibilities to increase the supply of sustainable World Bio-Energy Association (WBA) Biomass for Energy

DIREC 2010 Report 86 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Side Events of DIREC 2010 during 27th to 29th October, 2010 No. Title of the Side Event Name of Organisation 18. Considerations, policies and measures to promote United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) sustainable bio-energy development 19. Grid connectivity in Remote Locations Scottish Development International 20. Renewable Environment Law and Development Foundation (ELDF) and Henri Boll Foundation 21. BMZ: South-South-Cooperation for Capacity German Federal Ministry BMZ Development 22. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) 23. Innovation in Renewable Energy Finance American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE), US Department of Commerce (USDOC) 24. The Role of Renewable Energy in Tomorrow’s IEA, RETD and IRENA Energy Systems 25. National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency Bureau of energy efficiency (BEE) 26. UNDP ACE: Cookstove UNDP 27. CDM projects in the RE, issues, perspective in Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) context 28. Addressing barriers for equity investment Centre for Innovation Incubation and Entrepreneurship (CIIE), IIM Ahmadabad 29. Low carbon options ensuring energy security for Vasudha Foundation, Heinrich Boll Foundation, India and BM

Roshini A Catalyst for SustainableAide Me Habitatsmoire 87 Notes

DIREC 2010 Report 88 Road Map for Up Scaling and Mainstreaming Renewables Photographs Courtesy International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) & Mutual PR Agency

Cover Design Karmic Designs Government of India Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Block-14, CGO Complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, INDIA Telephone: 91-11-24361298, 24360404 & 24360707 Fax: 91-11-24361298 Government of India Website: www.mnre.gov.in, www.direc2010.gov.in