2000 2500 1500 N SCALE Village List Village 500 1000 0 O1 Dang Tuek Trapeang O2 Stueng O3 Krasang Trapeang O4 Kralanh Trapeng O5 Boeng Satong O6 Khchau Trapeang O7 Tnaot Chum C1 Peak Bang'aong C2 Svay Trapeang C3 Angk Trav C4 Pou Doh C5 Prey Dak Por C6 Prey Khvav C7 Prey Sbat C8 Soun Ta C9 Lei Ta Prey CT1 Tuk Trapeang CT2 Tim Ta CT3 Srae Kruo T1 Prey Preal T2 Saom Trapeang T3 Chhuk Trapeang T4 Prey Trapeang T5 Prey Rumduol T6 Tnaot Trapeang T7 Kaoh Trapeang T8 Kou Chen Leaeng T9 Khan Trapeang T10 Prey Kdei T11 Som Rong T12 Prakeab S1 Pen Ta S2 Thmar Trapeang S3 Krabei Prey S4 Sambuor S5 Chaeng Trapeang S6Teab Chan S7 Koah Nhae S8 Dok Prey Ta O Saray Commune Thum Khan Cheung Commune Trapeang Commune Cheang Tong Thum Khan Tboung Commune Trapeang Samraong Commune Ta Phem Ta S7 T11 S5 S6 CT1 CT2 CT3 S4 T5 T8 Angk Roka C9 C8 Canal 18 (new) C7 T9 1811ha 1105ha / 1474ha 1105ha Canal 15 S1 C6 Canal 20 Canal 16 Canal 17 T12 C7 S2 S3 T7 S8 T10 Canal 21 T6 C5 T4 Canal 22 T3 Canal 23 866ha Canal 20(new) C2 528ha / 704 ha T2 C4 C3 Canal 33 C1 T1 C1

Kaek Koh Canal 21 338ha 161ha O3 O3 O5 O4 376ha Canal 22 273ha 167ha /222ha O6 Canal 24 O7 O1 51ha Stage-1 Stage-2 Total O2 Canal 24Canal 33Koh Kaek 74ha 234ha 492ha 251ha 791ha 1658ha 325ha 1025ha 2150ha Kpob Trobek Res. Kpob Trobek

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Figure II-4.2.2 of Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Irrigation Area of the Upper Slakou River Japan International Cooperation Agency Irrigation System F - 26 _

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The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Fig. II-4.3.1 of Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Existing Small Reservoirs

Japan International Cooperation Agency ]VY\ Technical Evaluation on Proposed Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Water source 5 No=0, some=3, stream or river=5 Construction volume 3 Large=0, Fair=3, Little=5 Technical soundness 5 Low=0, Fair=3, High=5 Evaluation Increase of irrigation area 5 Less than 15 ha=0, 15~30ha=3, over 30 ha=5 Possibility of participation 5 Doubtful=0, Possible=3, High=5 Total Score 23 A: 21~25, B:16~20, C:11~15, D:6~10, E:0~5 Total Evaluation A Comment: Advantage of this scheme is the natural stream flowing to the reservoir. Even in the driest month, some water is flowing, and reservoir efficiency is considered higher. Also, a village-based water users group has been organized to request rehabilitation of the reservoir. Participation of water users’ group is expected.

Natural inflow (stream)

SECTION A - A Spillway(gate) flushed away 2m 2.6m 360m

Reservoir Pipe Outlet (D=0.2m,L=10m x2) A Dike flusfed away around the pipe outlet

Photo-2 Photo-1 Irrigation Area 30ha Dike flushed away

400m

Photo-1 Photo-2

Dike was flushed away for 10 m long Reservoir (dead water)

The Study on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fig. II-4.3.2 of Agricultural Production System in the Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Results of Evaluation of Ang 160 Reservoir, Japan International Cooperation Agency Trapeang Thum Khang Tboung Commune

F -28 Technical Evaluation on Proposed Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Water source 5 No=0, some=3, stream or river=5 Construction volume 3 Large=0, Fair=3, Little=5 Technical soundness 5 Low=0, Fair=3, High=5 Evaluation Increase of irrigation area 5 Less than 10 ha=0, 10~20ha=3, over 20 ha=5 Possibility of participation 5 Doubtful=0, Possible=3, High=5 Total Score 23 A: 21~25, B:16~20, C:11~15, D:6~10, E:0~5 Total Evaluation A Comment: Water source itself seems to be sufficient even without water flow from the Slakou River, because the Canal No.8 drains much water on the upstream. According to the village chief, the reservoir was operated well before 1999. However, The dike would be reconstructed for 10m long.

a re A Check gate on Canal No.8 n 0 m tio a 46 Stop logs are fully closed a h Photo-1 3 rig 0 5 Ir 2 0 Canal No.8 m O flow utle ) t Pip m O .5 utlet 0 e (D = D Pipe ( =0.2 e S ip p (D=0.2m m) P il t lw le a n O y I Photo-2 utlet P ) O u ip Reservoir tlet Pip e (D=0.2m)

e (D=0.2m)

Ang Ta Saom National Road No.3 Tram Kak Dike is damaged CommuneOffice Cross Drains

Photo-1 Photo-2

Reservoir (dead water) Dike was flushed by the stored water

The Study on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fig. II-4.3.3 of Agricultural Production System in the Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Results of Evaluation of Tumnup Kim Sei Japan International Cooperation Agency Reservoir, Nhaeng Nhang Commune

F -29 64m

18m 28m 18m

Irrigation Area: 0.34ha

Loss Irrigation Effective Other Volume 846 m3

4.5m 15m 4.5m 2m 24m 2m

Irrigable Area Required Catchment for the Pond

Crop-1 (August to October) Crop-1 (August to October) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in July Effective Rainfall=240mm (Takeo Town, August - = 42 m3/ha/month October) Initial Storage Requirement (by end of July)= 30 % Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 = 253.8 m3 Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 200 mm Required Catchment = 253.8 € 42 =6.0 ha Other Water Requirement = 50 mm = 6.0 ha (about104 times of the pond area) Evaporation Loss=5mm/day x 90 days = 450mm Percplation Loss=2mm/day x 90 days = 180mm Effective Depth = 2.37m (3.00 - 0.45 - 0.18) Side slope of pond = 1:1.5 Effective Volume: (15m x15m +22.11m x 22.11m) €2 x (3m-0.45m- 0.18m)=846m3 846m3 x200/250) €200mm=3,384m2=0.34 ha

Crop-2 (November to January) Crop-2 (November to January) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in October Effective Rainfall=0 mm (Negligibly small) = 327 m3/ha/month Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Storage Requirement (by end of October)= 100% = Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 500 mm 846 m3 Other Water Requirement = 50 mm Required Catchment = 846 € 327=2.6 ha Effective Volume: 846m3 = 2.6 ha (about 45 times of the pond area) 846m3 x (500/550) €500mm=1,538m2=0.15ha

The Study on The Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Agricultural Production System in the Slakou River Fig.II-4.4.1 Basin The Kingdom of Cambodia Model Pond Plan Operated by Farmers Group Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 30 32.5m 7.5m 17.5m 7.5m

Irrigation Area = 0.07 ha Loss Irrigation Effective Other Volume 184m3 4.5 4.5 4.5 2.0 m 2.0 m 13.5m m m m

Irrigable Area Required Catchment for the Pond

Crop-1 (August to October) Crop-1 (August to October) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in July Effective Rainfall=240 mm (Takeo Town, August to = 42 m3/ha/month October) Initial Storage Requirement (by end of July)= 30 % Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 = 55.2 m3 Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 200 mm Required Catchment = 55.2 € 42=1.314 ha Other Water Requirement = 50 mm = 1.3 ha (about 72 times of the pond area) Evaporation Loss=5mm/day x 90 days = 450mm Percplation Loss=2mm/day x 90 days = 180mm Effective Depth = 2.37m (3.00 - 0.45 - 0.18) Side slope of pond = 1:1.5 Effective Volume: (4.5m x4.5m +11.61m x 11.61m) €2 x (3m- 0.45m-0.18m)=184m3 184m3 x(200/250) €200mm=1,287m2=0.07ha

Crop-2 (November to January) Crop-2 (November to January) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in October Effective Rainfall=0 mm (Negligibly small) = 327m3/ha/month Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Storage Requirement (by end of September)= 100% Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 500 mm = 184 m3 Other Water Requirement = 50 mm Required Catchment = 184 € 327 =0.563 ha Effective Volume: 184m3 = 0.6 ha (about 33 times of the pond area) 184m3 x (500/550) €500mm=335m2=0.03ha

The Study on The Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Agricultural Production System in the Slakou River Fig. II-4.4.2 Basin The Kingdom of Cambodia Model Pond Plan Operated by Individual Farmers Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 31 L1 (m) (August - October) L1 (m) (August - October)

L2 (m) B (m) L2 (m) (November to January) (November to January)

Loss A (m2)

1.00m Case-1 (H=2.0m, B=7.0m) Case-2 (H=3.0m, B=10.0m)

Crop-1 (August to October ) Crop-1 (August to October) H=2.0 m --> B=7.0 m H=3.0 m --> B=10.0 m Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Effective Rainfall=240 mm (Takeo Town) Effective Rainfall=240mm (Takeo Town) Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 200 mm Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 200 mm Evaporation Loss=5mm/day x 90 days = 450mm Evaporation Loss=5mm/day x 90 days = 450mm Percplation Loss=2mm/day x 90 days = 180mm Percplation Loss=2mm/day x 90 days = 180mm Effective Depth = 1.37m (2.00 - 0.45 - 0.18) Effective Depth = 2.37m (2.00 - 0.45 - 0.18) Side slope of pond = 1:1.5 Side slope of pond = 1:1.5 Effective volume per meter: Effective volume per meter: (1.00+ 5.11) / 2 x 1.37 = 4.19 m3/m (A) (1.00+ 8.11) / 2 x 2.37 = 10.80 m3/m (A) 4.19 m3 / 200 mm= 20.95m2 10.80 m3 / 200 mm= 54.0 m2 10 m (L1) on both sides of the canal 27 m (L1) on both sides of the canal For getting 0.34 ha, the pond length should be 170m. For getting 0.34 ha, the pond length should be 63 m.

Crop-2 (December to February) Crop-2 (December to February) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Net Water Requirement = 400 mm (90 days) Effective Rainfall = 0 mm (Takeo Town, Negligible) Effective Rainfall = 0 mm (Takeo Town, Negligible) Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Irrigation Efficiency=0.80 Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 500 mm Gross Water Requirement for Irrigation= 500 mm 4.19 m3 / 500 mm= 8.38m2 10.80 m3 / 500 mm= 21.6 m2 4 m (L2) on both sides of the canal 11 m (L2) on both sides of the canal

Required Catchment for the Pond

Crop-1 (August to October) Crop-1 (August to October) Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in July Monthly 80% dependable specific runoff in July = 42 m3/ha/month = 42 m3/ha/month Initial Storage Requirement (by end of July)= 30 % = Initial Storage Requirement (by end of July)= 30 % = 1.257 m3 3.240 m3 Required Catchment = 1,257 € 42 =0.030 ha Required Catchment = 3.240 € 42=0.077 ha = 0.03 ha (about 43 times of the pond area) = 0.08 ha (about 80 times of the pond area)

Crop-2 (November to January) Crop-2 (November to January) Storage Requirement (by end of October)= 100% = Storage Requirement (by end of October)= 100% = 4.19 m3 10.8 m3 Required Catchment = 4.19 €327 =0.013 ha Required Catchment = 10.8 €327 =0.033 ha = 0.02 ha (about 29 times of the pond area) = 0.04 ha (about 40 times of the pond area)

The Study on The Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Agricultural Production System in the Slakou River Fig. II-4.4.3 Basin The Kingdom of Cambodia Model Pond Plan Utilizing Existing Canal Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 32 Y

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The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fig. II-4.4.4 of Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin,The Kingdom of Cambodia Existing Canal by Width

Japan International Cooperation Agency WSUU 1. Upper Slakou River Irrigation Reconstruction Plan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Paddy Area (ha) Nursery / Medium paddy 1,100 Land preparation Early paddy Early paddy 2,400 1,100 ha Total 3,500 0% Diversified crops (II) Diversified crop ( (I) (II) Total 550 ha Maize 80 0 80 Groundnut 60 70 130 0% Soybean and mung-bean 80 200 280 Sesame 60 70 130 Diversified crops I) Vegetables 220 210 430 500 ha Total 500 550 1,050 0% Medium paddy Irrigable Area 3,500 ha Total 4,550 2,400 ha Nursery / Cropping Intensity 130% 20% Land preparation

2. Small Reservoir Rehabilitation Plan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Paddy Area (ha) Nursery / Medium paddy 88 Land preparation Early paddy Early paddy 192 Diversified crops (II) 88 ha Total 280 0% 44 ha Diversified crop ( (I) (II) Total Maize 6.4 0.0 6.4 Groundnut 4.8 5.6 10.4 0% Soybean and mung-bean 6.4 16.0 22.4 Sesame 4.8 5.6 10.4 Diversified crops I) Vegetables 17.6 16.8 34.4 40 ha Total 40 44.0 84.0 Irrigable Area 280 ha 0% Medium paddy Total 364.0 192 ha Nursery / Cropping Intensity 130% 20% Land preparation

3. Small Pond Development Plan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Area (ha) Earlypaddy 4,010 ha Medium paddy 2,210 ha Irrigated (I) (II) Total Groundnut 260 120 380 Soybean and 0% mung-bean 530 225 755 Sesame 260 120 380 Nursery / Land Vegetables 1,050 465 1,515 preparation 0% Total 2,100 930 3,030 Medium paddy Rain-fed paddy 27,800 ha Medium paddy 30,010 Early paddy 4,010 Total 34,020 0% Irrigated Vegetables/ Rainfed secondary crops Beans (II) 930 ha Maize and Irrigated Vegetables/Beans (I) sugarcane etc. 320

Cultivated Area 39,220 Land ha 20% 2,100 ha Total 37,370 Cropping Intensity 95% Maize 320ha

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Figure II-4.5.1 of Agricultural Production System Proposed Cropping Patterns of in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Three Development Plans Japan International Cooperation Agency

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The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fig. II-4.6.1 of Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin,The Kingdom of Cambodia Primary Roads and Roads in Good Condition in the Study Area Japan International Cooperation Agency g`ce \

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The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fig. II-4.6.2 of Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin,The Kingdom of Cambodia Improvement Plan of Rural Roads Japan International Cooperation Agency ZTWY FWUC CRDC

Secondary FWUCs VDC VDC VDC Tertiary FWUCs

Agri. Extension FG Demonstration plots Crop diversification Group-purchase of inputs Importation of improved varieties Training of FG’ leaders

Seed Production FG Livestock FG Technical guidance Inspection of produced seed Model livestock farmers Distribution of produced seed Importation improved r animals Training of FG’ leaders

Credit Marketing FG FG

Rice Bank Processing FG FG

CRDC: Commune Rural Development Committee, FWUC: Farmer Water Users Community VDC: Village Development Committee, FG: Farmers Group

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Figure II-4.7.1 of Agricultural Production System in The Skakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Relationships of Extension Farmers Groups and Other Farmers Groups Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 37 Member Farmers Group Traders Producers

Gathering Transaction Comming

Stage 2

Producers Farmers Group Market Market Information Collection & Analysis

Trader

Producers Collection Plan Shipping Plan Group Market

Grading Collection Shipping Packing

Stage 3

Producers Farmers Group Activities Market Market Information Temporary Storage Exporter Collection & Analysis Plan

Trader Production Plan Storage Producers Harvesting & Shipping Plan Group Collection Plan Market

Grading Collection Shipping Packing Agri-Industry

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Figure II-4.7.2 Agricultural Production System in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Activities of Group Assembling Program

Japan International Cooperative Agency

F - 38 Community or Village Meeting for Objectives of Program, and Willingness of Farmer Committee

Formation of Water User's Groups on Establishment of FWUC

Formation of FWUC Board Delegates Represnting are elected by referendum voting by members

Discussion on Draft FWUC Statute and Ratification in the Board of FWUC Meeting

Objection from Aggrieved Users

Formation of Apex Committee

Final Ratification of the FWUC Legal Status

Registration of the Legal Status of FWUC

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Agricultural Production System Figure II-4.8.1 in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodi Formation of Process of FWUC Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 39 Takeo Province MOWRAM Government

Tram Kak District DWRAM Takeo Office

Irrigation Agri. FWUC Apex Resources Agency Office Committee

Accounting Sector Water District Sector O M Sector Dispute Resol. Secor

Main Canal Committee

Secondary Committee

Tertiary Canal Committee

Water Course Committee FWUC

The Study on The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Agricultural Production System Figure II-4.8.2 in The Slakou River Basin, The Kingdom of Cambodia Organization of FWUC Japan International Cooperation Agency

F - 40