Subsidiary Management: a Guide for the Corporate Secretary™

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Subsidiary Management: a Guide for the Corporate Secretary™ Subsidiary Management: A Guide for the Corporate Secretary™ About the Society Founded in 1946, the Society of Corporate Secretaries and Governance Professionals, Inc. (the “Society”) is a Section 501(c)(6) non-profit organization comprised principally of corporate secretaries and business executives in governance, ethics and compliance functions at public, private and not-for-profit organizations. Members are responsible for supporting their board of directors and executive management in matters such as board practices, compliance, regulation and legal matters, shareholder relations and subsidiary management. Society Mission: Shaping governance through education, collaboration and advocacy Society Vision: Creating long-term shareholder value through better governance Society of Corporate Secretaries and Governance Professionals, Inc. 240 West 35th Street, Suite 400 New York. NY 10001 © Copyright 2016 All Rights Reserved Acknowledgment May 2016 The Corporate Practices Committee is pleased to offer an updated edition of Subsidiary Management: A Guide for the Corporate Secretary. The Committee would like to thank the following individuals who contributed to the 2016 update: Kari Endries, Assistant Secretary & Managing Counsel, Chevron Corporation Faraz Choudhry, Associate General Counsel, UnitedHealth Group Incorporated Stacey K. Geer, Executive Vice President, Chief Governance Officer, Deputy General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, Primerica, Inc. Jeffrey Iredell, Director of Sales, CT Corporation Mary Kullman, Former SVP, Chief Administrative Officer & Corporate Secretary, Laclede Group Seth McNary, CEO, Verbatim Global Compliance Scott Seeley, Vice President-Governance, NextEra Energy, Inc. Brian Smith, Corporate Consultant, Corporation Service Company Rachel C. Lee Chairman Corporate Practices Committee Subsidiary Management: A Guide for the Corporate Secretary This guidebook presents background information on the nature and use of subsidiaries, including tips to help a corporate secretary support the formation, acquisition, management, sale, and dissolution of a subsidiary. It primarily discusses U.S. law, offering insight into certain non-U.S. entity management considerations where reasonably practicable. Cautionary Note: What this manual is not This publication is offered with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, tax or accounting advice. It is a compilation of best practices and collective wisdom from various individuals who work with subsidiaries. It does not provide comprehensive coverage of all legal, tax or accounting considerations. If you are seeking legal, tax or accounting advice, you should consult an attorney or accountant whose practice includes subsidiary matters and who monitors developments in these areas. Definitions In this Guidebook, “company” is a generic term for any of the legal entities described in the text. We use the term “subsidiary” to mean a legal entity owned in whole or in majority part by a legal entity or a representative/branch office of a legal entity. On a “corporate organization” chart, a subsidiary would appear below its “parent.” There can be subsidiaries of subsidiaries. All of these, collectively, are “affiliated” with one another. “Foreign” subsidiaries are those operating outside their state or country of domicile. “U.S. companies” are those incorporated in any U.S. state. “Non-U.S. companies” are those incorporated in any jurisdiction outside the U.S. “State” refers to a U.S. state. Industry regulators, state statutes and non-U.S. regulations may have specific definitions of “subsidiary” or “affiliate” (with attendant consequences such as reporting obligations). For example, the Bank Holding Company Act defines a parent-subsidiary relationship as the ownership by the parent of 10% or more of the subsidiary. A state corporate or tax statute may refer to 50% or more. U.S. federal securities laws use a “control” test under which the ability to influence the management of another company can trigger an affiliated or parent-subsidiary relationship. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1 II. SUBSIDIARY FORMATION .............................................................................................................................. 2 A. WHY ARE SUBSIDIARIES FORMED? ........................................................................................................... 2 (1) Legal Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 2 (2) Tax Planning Considerations ................................................................................................................ 3 (3) Management or Operational Concerns/Opportunities ....................................................................... 4 B. FORMING OR ACQUIRING A SUBSIDIARY .................................................................................................. 5 (1) Endorsing the Decision ......................................................................................................................... 5 (2) Choosing the Type of Entity ................................................................................................................. 6 (3) Choosing a Domicile .............................................................................................................................. 9 (4) Choosing a Name ................................................................................................................................ 10 (5) Checking Name Availability and Name Reservations .......................................................................... 10 (6) Electing Directors and Appointing Officers ........................................................................................ 11 (7) Choosing a Registered Agent ............................................................................................................. 13 (8) Filing and Registration ........................................................................................................................ 14 (9) Working with Outside Counsel and Service Providers ....................................................................... 14 (10) Organizational Activity ..................................................................................................................... 15 (11) Subsidiary Information Profile ......................................................................................................... 15 (12) Acquired Entities ............................................................................................................................... 15 III. MAINTAINING A SUBSIDIARY THROUGH ITS LIFE CYCLE ............................................................................. 17 A. REQUIRED ACTIONS AND PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 17 (1) Meetings of Shareholders and Boards ............................................................................................... 17 (2) Records (bylaws, articles, minute books, ledgers) ............................................................................. 17 (3) Subsidiary Changes, i.e. Reorganizations ........................................................................................... 18 (4) Subsidiary Dissolution/Liquidation/Termination ............................................................................... 19 B. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 22 (1) Annual reports .................................................................................................................................... 22 (2) Tax Reporting Requirements .............................................................................................................. 22 (3) Unclaimed Property ............................................................................................................................ 23 C. MAINTAINING CORPORATE SEPARATENESS ........................................................................................... 23 D. TECHNOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 25 (1) Licensing vs. In-house Development ................................................................................................... 26 (2) Paper to Technology – Initial Data Entry ............................................................................................ 27 (3) Training ............................................................................................................................................... 27 (4) Information Management .................................................................................................................. 27 (5) Repository ........................................................................................................................................... 28 (6) Calendaring ......................................................................................................................................... 28 (7) Efficient Record Management ...........................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection and Promotion Policies Volume Author/Editor: Robert C. Feenstra, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-23951-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/feen97-1 Conference Date: October 6-7, 1995 Publication Date: January 1997 Chapter Title: Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy Chapter Author: David E. Weinstein Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c0310 Chapter pages in book: (p. 81 - 116) 4 Foreign Direct Investment and Keiretsu: Rethinking U.S. and Japanese Policy David E. Weinstein For twenty-five years, the U.S. and Japanese governments have seen the rise of corporate groups in Japan, keiretsu, as due in part to foreign pressure to liberal- ize the Japanese market. In fact, virtually all works that discuss barriers in a historical context argue that Japanese corporations acted to insulate themselves from foreign takeovers by privately placing shares with each other (See, e.g., Encarnation 1992,76; Mason 1992; and Lawrence 1993). The story has proved to be a major boon for the opponents of a neoclassical approach to trade and investment policy. Proponents of the notion of “Japanese-style capitalism” in the Japanese government can argue that they did their part for liberalization and cannot be held responsible for private-sector outcomes. Meanwhile, pro- ponents of results-oriented policies (ROPs) can point to yet another example of how the removal of one barrier led to the formation of a second barrier.
    [Show full text]
  • Essay on Anti-Takeover Provisions and Corporate Spin-Offs Wei Du Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 Essay on Anti-takeover Provisions and Corporate Spin-offs Wei Du Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Finance and Financial Management Commons Recommended Citation Du, Wei, "Essay on Anti-takeover Provisions and Corporate Spin-offs" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3901. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3901 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ESSAY ON ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS AND CORPORATE SPIN-OFFS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agriculture and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Business Administration by Wei Du B.S., Tongji University, 2008 M.S., Illinois Institute of Technology, 2010 May 2016 Acknowledgements This paper could not be written to its fullest without the help, support, guidance and efforts of a lot of people. First of all, I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my research advisor and dissertation chair Dr. Gary C. Sanger, for his guidance, encouragement and support throughout the time of my dissertation research, even in the week before his surgery. I admire his wisdom deeply and regard him as my lifelong role model to follow.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin American Companies Circle
    LATIN AMERICAN COMPANIES CIRCLE Corporate Governance Recommendations for Company Groups Based on Experiences from the Latin American Companies Circle November 2014 Sponsoring Institution: Supported by: INDEX I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 2 II. CHALLENGES OF COMPANY GROUPS 2 III. GENERAL PRACTICES a) Related Party Transactions 3 a.1) Shared Services 4 IV. WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES a) Incorporation or acquisition 4 b) Control 4 b.1) Reporting Framework 4 b.2) Appointment of Directors 5 b.3) Internal Controls 5 V. PARTIALLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES a) Incorporation or Acquisition 6 b) Shareholders Agreement 6 c) Shareholder Activism 7 c.1) Share Voting 7 c.2) Appointment of Directors 7 c.3) Reporting 8 VI. FINAL COMMENTS 8 1 I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND These set of corporate governance recommendations for group of companies has been developed by the Latin American Companies Circle. The Circle is a group of Latin American firms that have demonstrated leadership in advocating and practicing governance improvements for companies throughout Latin America. The Circle is sponsored by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and supported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and is presently composed of 14 companies: Los Grobo from Argentina; Grupo Algar, CPFL Energia, Embraer, Natura and Ultrapar from Brazil; Grupo Argos, Carvajal and ISA from Colombia; Florida Ice from Costa Rica; Grupo Gentera from Mexico; Buenaventura, Ferreycorp and Grupo Graña y Montero from Peru. This document is based on experiences of the Circle member companies and takes into consideration limited analysis of the companies’ own practices and covers areas related with wholly- and partially-owned subsidiaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Equity Method and Joint Ventures Topic Applies to All Entities
    A Roadmap to Accounting for Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures 2019 The FASB Accounting Standards Codification® material is copyrighted by the Financial Accounting Foundation, 401 Merritt 7, PO Box 5116, Norwalk, CT 06856-5116, and is reproduced with permission. This publication contains general information only and Deloitte is not, by means of this publication, rendering accounting, business, financial, investment, legal, tax, or other professional advice or services. This publication is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your business, you should consult a qualified professional advisor. Deloitte shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this publication. As used in this document, “Deloitte” means Deloitte & Touche LLP, Deloitte Consulting LLP, Deloitte Tax LLP, and Deloitte Financial Advisory Services LLP, which are separate subsidiaries of Deloitte LLP. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of our legal structure. Certain services may not be available to attest clients under the rules and regulations of public accounting. Copyright © 2019 Deloitte Development LLC. All rights reserved. Other Publications in Deloitte’s Roadmap Series Business Combinations Business Combinations — SEC Reporting Considerations Carve-Out Transactions Consolidation — Identifying a Controlling Financial Interest
    [Show full text]
  • Limited Liability with One-Man Companies and Subsidiary Corporations
    LIMITED LIABILITY WITH ONE-MAN COMPANIES AND SUBSIDIARY CORPORATIONS Bm Nmw F. CATALDO* Limited liability, usually regarded as the most significant feature of corporate enterprise, has received extravagant praise. Among those who have paid verbal homage to the concept of limited liability are two former university presidents who cut a large figure in the intellectual manners of the nation during the last half century. President Eliot of Harvard regarded limited liability as "the corporation's most precious characteristic" and "by far the most effective legal invention ... made in the nineteenth century."' President Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia made the pronouncement in i91: "I weigh my words when I say that in my judg- ment the limited liability corporation is the greatest single discovery of modern times.... Even steam and electricity are far less important than the limited liability corporation, and they would be reduced to comparative impotence without it."' Our courts have rested-unnecessarily, it is believed 3 -the concept of limited lia- bility on the legal entity theory. This theory, familiar to every elementary student of corporation law and finance, treats the corporation as a legal persona or juristic person constituting an entity in itself separate and distinct from the members. The essence of this theory, stated in stark terms, is that the shareholders own "the corporation" and the latter owns and operates the assets and the business. The questionable4 but judicially accepted reasoning which regards limited liability as a * A.B. 1929, LL.B. 1932, LL.M. 1936, University of Pennsylvania. Member of Philadelphia bar; Special Attorney, Department of Justice, Washington, D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Valuation of Conglomerate Companies Approved
    THE VALUATION OF CONGLOMERATE COMPANIES APPROVED: Graduate Committee: Committee Member Committee Member Committee MemSer Dean of the Softool "of Busine Dean of th£ Graduate School THE VALUATION OF CONGLOMERATE COMPANIES DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements ^or the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Winfield P. Betty, B. B. A., M. B. A, Denton, Texas May, 1969 Copyright by Winfield P. Betty 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem Hypotheses Sources of Data Significance of the Investigation Approach II. SIMPLE RELATIONSHIPS UNDERLYING ACQUISITIONS . 15 Equations for Growth Trends of Earnings per Share Effects of Multiple Acquisitions III. ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND MATERIAL, MOTIVES, AND POSSIBLE EFFICIENCIES UNDERLYING THE GROWTH OF CONGLOMERATE COMPANIES 33 The Attitude of the Supreme Court and Regulatory Agencies toward Conglomerate Companies Possible Efficiencies Released in Mergers Definition of a Conglomerate Merger Possible Motives of Stockholders and Manage- ment Leading to the Growth of Conglomerate Companies IV. THEORIES OF VALUE AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION ... 52 Theories of Value Investment and Speculative Theories of Value Decision Models Decision-Making Situations Generation of the Relevant States of the World Basic Models Used by Fundamentalists Conflicting Theories of Value The Decision Environment Surrounding Conglomerate Companies in XV Page Problems Introduced
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Step Acquisitions: Dancing the Tax-Free Tango©
    MULTIPLE STEP ACQUISITIONS: DANCING THE TAX-FREE TANGO© Linda Z. Swartz © Copyright 2011, L. Z. Swartz All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1 II. TWO STEP TRIANGULAR REORGANIZATIONS ...........2 A. Tender Offers and Back End Mergers ..............................2 B. Double Mergers ................................................................6 1. Second Step Upstream Mergers ..................................6 C. Variations on Double Mergers ........................................10 1. No First Step Qualified Stock Purchase ...................10 2. Second Step Liquidations .........................................12 3. Second Step Disregarded Entity Mergers .................15 4. Second Step Sideways Mergers ................................17 D. A Single Rule for all Double Mergers ............................18 III. DROPDOWNS AND PUSHUPS AFTER TAX-FREE REORGANIZATIONS .........................................................20 A. COBE Requirement ........................................................21 1. Dropdowns to Qualified Group Members ................22 2. Dropdowns to Partnerships .......................................24 B. -2k Safe Harbors and Other Guidance ............................27 1. Current State of the Law ...........................................27 2. Dropdown Rules .......................................................29 3. Pushup Rules.............................................................34 C. A Single Rule for
    [Show full text]
  • A Roadmap to Accounting for Noncontrolling Interests
    A Roadmap to Accounting for Noncontrolling Interests July 2020 The FASB Accounting Standards Codification® material is copyrighted by the Financial Accounting Foundation, 401 Merritt 7, PO Box 5116, Norwalk, CT 06856-5116, and is reproduced with permission. This publication contains general information only and Deloitte is not, by means of this publication, rendering accounting, business, financial, investment, legal, tax, or other professional advice or services. This publication is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business. Before making any decision or taking any action that may affect your business, you should consult a qualified professional advisor. Deloitte shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this publication. The services described herein are illustrative in nature and are intended to demonstrate our experience and capabilities in these areas; however, due to independence restrictions that may apply to audit clients (including affiliates) of Deloitte & Touche LLP, we may be unable to provide certain services based on individual facts and circumstances. As used in this document, “Deloitte” means Deloitte & Touche LLP, Deloitte Consulting LLP, Deloitte Tax LLP, and Deloitte Financial Advisory Services LLP, which are separate subsidiaries of Deloitte LLP. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of our legal structure. Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC. All
    [Show full text]
  • Bfm Sem – Vi Corporate Restructuring
    BFM SEM – VI CORPORATE RESTRUCTURING Multiple Questions:- 1. _________ merger involves firm engaged in unrelated types of activities. a. Vertical b. Horizontal c. Conglomerate d. Demerger 2. When existing company is dissolved to form few new companies, it is called as ________ a. Sin off b. Split off c. Split up d. All of the above 3. __________means an acquirer takes over the control of the target company. a. Joint Venture b. Takeover c. Disinvestment d. Demerger 4. The ___________means changing the structure of an organization such as reducing the hierarchical levels. a. Financial Restructuring b. Organizational Restructuring c. Corporate Restructuring d. All of the above 5. ________parties work together or a single project for a finite period of time. a. Strategic Alliance b. Joint Venture c. Disinvestment d. Franchising 6. __________means the action of an organization or government selling or liquidating an asset or subsidiary. a. Merger b. Joint Venture c. Takeover d. Disinvestment 7. __________ is an arrangement whereby the assets of two or more companies come under the control of one company. a. Merger b. Buyout c. Joint Venture d. Demerger 8. ________may be defined as an arrangement where one party grants another party the right to use trade name. a. Alliance b. Franchising c. Slump sale d. Joint Venture 9. ________merger is a merger of two or more companies that compete in the same industry. a. Vertical b. Horizontal c. Co generic d. Conglomerate 10. ____________ helps a firm to grow and expand. a. Corporate Restructuring b. Merger c. Takeover d. Demerger 11. In _________, company distributes its shareholding in subsidiary to its shareholders thereby not changing the ownership pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Choice of Entity for a New Subsidiary of an S Corporation
    BUSINESS LAW U P D A T E A Publication of the Los Angeles County Bar Association Business & Corporations Law Section Fall 2006 [Article reprint] CHOICE OF ENTITY • The valuable asset could be FOR A NEW SUBSIDIARY distributed to the shareholders. This OF AN S CORPORATION would insulate it, but the sharehold- ers would pay tax on the apprecia- By William C. Staley tion in the asset.3 If the built-in gain Law Office of William C. Staley1 tax applied, the corporation would also pay a tax.4 Also, it might not be When an S corporation wants to convenient for the shareholders to create a wholly-owned subsidiary, it hold the assets as tenants in com- has three choices: a C corporation, mon. a qualified subchapter S subsidiary (a “QSub”) or a limited liability com- • The S corporation could form a pany (“LLC”). This article explains subsidiary and transfer the valuable why an LLC is usually the best asset to the new subsidiary. How- choice. ever, a claim against the parent corporation could be satisfied with Alternative Structures. An existing the stock of a corporate subsidiary S corporation might operate a busi- holding the valuable asset. If the ness and also own a valuable asset subsidiary holding the valuable asset (examples: real estate, art or another is an LLC, the result might be differ- business operated as a division). ent. Although a judgment creditor Management will want to insulate of an LLC member (in this case, the the valuable asset from catastrophic parent corporation) is generally lim- claims that might arise in the opera- ited to a charging order or becom- tion of the corporation’s primary ing a holder of an economic interest business.2 There are various ways to – not a voting membership interest – accomplish this: in the LLC, many doubt that a judg- ment creditor of a single-member (footnote continued) 1 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Keiretsu: Past, Present and Future
    World Applied Sciences Journal 26 (12): 1569-1573, 2013 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.26.12.13592 Keiretsu: Past, Present and Future Natalia Victorovna Kuznetsova Far Eastern Federal University, v. Ayaks, Russkii Island, Russia Submitted: Oct 24, 2013; Accepted: Nov 30, 2013; Published: Dec 4, 2013 Abstract: This article presents the questions about changing of the integrative Japanese corporate structures - keiretsu, which is now a topic for many discussions. It was analyzed a number of Japanese and European economist’s points of view about the influence of keiretsu on the economic development. It is proved in this article that even in the conditions of increasing instability of the economic environment; the vertical keiretsu structure is more efficient form of organization than the vertically integrated corporations in the United States. Key words: Keiretsu Inter-company mergers Integrated corporate structure The vertical keiretsu economic development Competition Management structures Corporate governance INTRODUCTION Nobuaki considered that "Toyota group" can be refer to "vertical keiretsu" and "Mitsubishi" and "Sumitomo" calls The Japanese model is characterized by a long-term "horizontal keiretsu" [2, p.3]. R. Hart and S. Kawasaki investment strategy in the industry and the close believe that development of keiretsu systems allowed to relations between the industrial and financial sectors. reduce the costs of transactions of inter-firm interaction The distinctive feature is a tendency for cooperation. arising from natural and specially supported the Economic units are closely connected to each other asymmetry of information [3]. K. Miyashita and D. W. through the mechanism of cross-shareholding, forming a Russell said that the distinguishing feature of the keiretsu corporate group.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Documents Needed to Open a Business Account
    Business Documents Needed to Open a Business Account Sole Proprietor • SSN or EIN (one or the other, not both). If EIN, we need the IRS letter stating the number for verification • Certificate of Assumed Name filed with the State (if applicable) • Certificate of Good Standing (only if Assumed Name is filed with the State. Universal Banker obtains from Secretary of State website) Limited Liability Company (LLC) • EIN, we need the IRS letter stating the number for verification o Single member LLCs CAN use their SSN • Articles of Organization filed with the State • Non-profit? Must supply the IRS notification of 501(c) or 501(c)(3) status • Certificate of Assumed Name filed with the State (if applicable) • Certificate of Good Standing (Universal Banker obtains from Secretary of State website) o If an Assumed Name is filed, obtain the Certificate of Good standing for the assumed name as well Corporation • EIN, we need the IRS letter stating the number for verification • Articles of Incorporation filed with the State • Non-profit? Must supply the IRS notification of 501(c) or 501(c)(3) status • Certificate of Assumed Name filed with the State (if applicable) • Certificate of Good Standing (Universal Banker obtains from Secretary of State website) o If an Assumed Name is filed, obtain the Certificate of Good standing for the assumed name as well Unincorporated Associations • EIN, we need the IRS letter stating the number for verification • Resolutions/By-laws/Meeting minutes General Partnership • EIN, we need the IRS letter stating the number for verification • Certificate of Assumed Name filed with the State (if applicable) • Copy of Partnership Agreement (if available) • Certificate of Good Standing (only if Assumed Name is filed with the State.
    [Show full text]