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GVH Közleménye a Kötelezettségvállalásokról

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GVH Közleménye a Kötelezettségvállalásokról Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar Kötelezettségvállaláson alapuló döntések az európai uniós és magyar versenyjogban Konzulens: Dr. Király Miklós Készítette: Kováts Surd Budapest 2019 Tartalom 1. Bevezetés ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 A kötelezettségvállalások ........................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Hipotézisek .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Módszertan ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 A dolgozat szerkezete ............................................................................................................. 9 2. A kötelezettségvállalások intézménye .......................................................................................... 11 2.1 A kötelezettségvállalások definíciója .................................................................................... 11 2.2 A kötelezettségvállalások sajátosságai ................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 A kötelezettségvállalásos eljárások tartalmi sajátosságai ............................................ 13 2.2.2 A kötelezettségvállalások jellemző eljárási elemei ....................................................... 15 2.3 A kötelezettségvállalások előnyei ......................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 Eljárási hatékonyság ...................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Gyorsabb beavatkozás a piaci folyamatokba ................................................................ 20 2.3.3 Megegyezésen alapuló változtatás ............................................................................... 21 2.3.4 A kötelezettségvállalások előnyei a vállalkozások számára .......................................... 21 2.4 A kötelezettségvállalások hátrányai és kockázatai ............................................................... 22 2.4.1 A versenyjog preventív hatásának korlátozása ............................................................. 23 2.4.2 A versenyhatóság kvázi-szabályozói tevékenysége ...................................................... 23 2.4.3 A jogbiztonságra gyakorolt hatás .................................................................................. 25 2.4.4 Az arányosság elve ........................................................................................................ 27 2.4.5 Magánjogi jogérvényesítés ........................................................................................... 28 2.4.6 Eljárási kérdések............................................................................................................ 29 2.5 A hatásos kötelezettségvállalás jellemzői ............................................................................. 30 3. A kötelezettségvállalás szabályozása az Európai Unióban és Magyarországon ........................... 33 3.1 Az Európai Uniós versenyjogi határozatok típusai ................................................................ 33 3.2 A kötelezettségvállalásról szóló szabályok tartalmi elemei .................................................. 35 3.2.1 A kötelezettségvállalás szabályozása ............................................................................ 35 3.2.2 A kötelezettségvállalás alkalmazhatóságának feltételei ............................................... 37 3.2.3 A kötelezettségvállalás további szabályai ..................................................................... 38 3.2.4 A kötelezettségvállalás hatástalansága esetén alkalmazható eszközök ....................... 40 3.2.5 Bírósági felülvizsgálat lehetősége ................................................................................. 41 3.2.6 A tagállami döntések ..................................................................................................... 42 2 3.3 A kötelezettségvállalás szabályai a magyar jogban .............................................................. 44 3.3.1 A kötelezettségvállalás intézményének megjelenése ................................................... 44 3.3.2 A kötelezettségvállalás szabályainak 2014-es módosítása ........................................... 45 3.3.3 A kötelezettségvállalás szabályainak további módosításai ........................................... 47 3.3.4 A hatályos magyar szabályozás összefoglalása ............................................................. 48 4. Közlemények, iránymutatások és javaslatok ................................................................................ 50 4.1 Az ECN ajánlása a kötelezettségvállalásos eljárásokról ........................................................ 50 4.2 Az Európai Bizottság Eljárási Kézikönyve .............................................................................. 52 4.3 A GVH közleménye a kötelezettségvállalásokról .................................................................. 53 4.4 Tagállami közlemények a kötelezettségvállalásokról ........................................................... 55 4.4.1 A tagállami közlemények .............................................................................................. 55 4.4.2 Milyen esetekben lehet kötelezettségvállalás? ............................................................ 56 4.4.3 A kötelezettségvállalás benyújtásának határideje a közleményekben ......................... 57 4.4.4 A piaci tesztelés szabályai ............................................................................................. 59 4.4.5 A kötelezettségvállalások egyéb eljárási szabályai ....................................................... 60 4.5 Néhány európai versenyhatóság által kiadott iránymutatás főbb jellemzői ........................ 62 5. Az arányosság elve és az Alrosa eset az Európai Unióban ............................................................ 64 5.1 A Bizottság eljárása az Alrosa / De Beers ügyben (2006) ...................................................... 64 5.2 Döntés az elsőfokú eljárásban (2007) ................................................................................... 66 5.3 Az Európai Bíróság döntése (2010) ....................................................................................... 67 5.4 Kritikai észrevételek az Alrosa ügy kapcsán .......................................................................... 68 6. Bizottsági kötelezettségvállalások az energia piacokon ............................................................... 70 6.1 Liberalizáció és ágazati vizsgálat az energia piacon .............................................................. 70 6.2 Eljárások a villamos energia piacokon .................................................................................. 71 6.2.1 Eljárások a német villamos energia piacon – E.ON (2008) ........................................... 72 6.2.2 EDF – hosszú távú szerződések Franciaországban (2010) ............................................ 74 6.2.3 Svenska Kraftnät - A svéd rendszerösszekötő kapacitások (2010) ............................... 75 6.2.4 Csehország – eljárás a CEZ ellen (2013) ........................................................................ 77 6.2.5 Bulgária - Eljárás a BEH ellen (2016) ............................................................................. 77 6.2.6 TenneT - A dán-német rendszerösszekötő kapacitások (2018) .................................... 79 6.3 Kötelezettségvállalások a földgázpiacokon ........................................................................... 79 6.3.1 Distrigaz – belga gázpiac (2007) .................................................................................... 80 6.3.2 RWE: piaclezárás a gáz piacon (2009) ........................................................................... 81 6.3.3 Gaz de France Suez ügy (2009) ..................................................................................... 82 3 6.3.4 Az E.ON gázpiaci eljárás (2010) ..................................................................................... 83 6.3.5 ENI (2010) ...................................................................................................................... 84 6.3.6 Gazprom – Upstream gáz-nagykereskedelem Kelet- és Közép-Európában .................. 85 6.4 Az energiapiaci eljárások egyes sajátosságai ........................................................................ 87 7. Bizottsági kötelezettségvállalások nem energia piacokon............................................................ 90 7.1 Eljárások az információ-technológia piacán ......................................................................... 90 7.1.1 A Microsoft Internet Explorer eset ............................................................................... 91 7.1.2 A Rambus-ügy: DRAM memóriachipek (2009) ............................................................. 94 7.1.3 A Samsung eljárás – UMTS szabvány (2014) ................................................................. 95 7.1.4 IBM nagyszámítógépek karbantartása .......................................................................... 97 7.2 Eljárások a médiapiacokon ..................................................................................................
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