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Pedestrian and Light Traffic Applications Introduction Brick Pavers Are Arranged Cost Savings That Upon the Bedding Sand in Supplement the Savings the Desired Pattern

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Pedestrian and Light Traffic Applications Introduction Brick Pavers Are Arranged Cost Savings That Upon the Bedding Sand in Supplement the Savings the Desired Pattern Flexible Brick Industry Brick Paving Association Pedestrian and Light Traffic Applications Traffic Light and Pedestrian Introduction brick pavers are arranged cost savings that upon the bedding sand in supplement the savings the desired pattern. Sand afforded by the brick is then spread into the itself. In addition, spaces between the pavers replacement of pavers as jointing material. after repair of utilities beneath a flexible brick As the whole paving pavement is easily system compacts with time achieved. and use, the bricks interact with the jointing sand and base materials to achieve the unique quality of “interlock.” Interlock holds the pavers in place Brick paving has been used for thousands and distributes the load of years. The Romans laid brick in roads through the layers down crisscrossing their vast empire, some of to the subgrade, enabling which still exist. Americans have employed the surface to contribute the material since the earliest Colonial days, to the strength of the and brick pathways and sidewalks thread whole system. When through the landmark sites and properly installed, brick As an architect’s medium, historic areas across the country. interlocking pavements are brick is equally flexible. highly stable and durable. Its basic aesthetic appeal is legendary as a material Today, as many property the flexible nature of its This basic advantage begets that exudes warmth and owners and architects foundation and the action others. Because flexible elegance through the attest, brick paving is of the pavers themselves. brick paving provides permanent color of fired timeless, especially for In such flexible pavements, interlock, no rigid concrete clay or shale. It can flexible (or mortarless) the subgrade is compacted base is required. Because be installed in such paving such as sidewalks, and covered with a layer no mortar is involved, a popular basic patterns patios, plazas and vehicular of aggregate which itself flexible brick pavement as herringbone, running traffic. One advantage of is compacted. A layer of may be installed with semi- bond, or basketweave, or flexible brick paving lies in bedding sand is added, and skilled labor, producing in creative applications Flexible Brick Paving in Pedestrian and Light Traffic Applications Traffic Light and in Pedestrian Paving Brick Flexible that employ polychromy, and damaged brick Selection of the most more economical than ornate patterns, and pavers are easily replaced. appropriate material for many other pavement other paving materials. Flexible paving also allows a particular pavement types. The use of some water to filter down requires consideration of sustainable materials Clay pavers in a flexible to the subgrade, thereby a number of factors that such as brick makes an alignment base system are reducing puddles, alleviat- can significantly affect important contribution highly practical as well. ing flooding and runoff, the use, performance to the built environment. They accommodate quick and eventually replenishing and cost of the pavement. Not only is brick an access to underground the water table. Cleaning Although slightly more energy-efficient material utilities, permitting simple usually only requires a to construct initially, the to manufacture, its reconstruction after simple hose-down. And low maintenance aspects contribution to long-term the work is completed. clay pavers provide a safe, of clay pavers in a flexible pavements makes it Without mortar joints slip-resistant surface in base system results in attractive to owners there is less maintenance pedestrian areas. life-cycle costs that are and municipalities. Basket Weave Basket Weave Herringbone Running Whirling Stack Bond Stack Bond Stack Bond (Variation) (Variation) Bond Bond (Variation) (Variation) 1 Build a solid fou Once a flexible brick Vertical interlock is present Horizontal interlock is In areas sustaining pavement is completed, when a single paver doesn’t most critical in areas where vehicular loads, pavement the system itself goes to settle under load — the traffic may force the pavers pattern is as critical to work to achieve the desired system’s compactness and to shift laterally. Most interlock as the quality of threefold state of interlock. interaction distribute the common in roadways, this materials and installation. Vertical, rotational, and load beyond the single condition known as “creep” Herringbone is known to horizontal interlock occurs paver and down through occurs where horizontal distribute “creep” forces as the pavers settle and layers to the subgrade. braking and accelerating more evenly than running the bedding and jointing With rotational interlock, forces put great stress bond or basketweave and materials interact, aided the paver won’t tilt or on individual pavers. is recommended for by the rigidity of the rotate on its horizontal Horizontal interlock trans- vehicular areas. edge restraints. axes when force is applied fers these forces through to an edge, but will always the joints and pavers to the remain flat. rigid edge restraints. Components of Flexible Brick 2 ndation Mortarless Brick Sand Base Max 2” (50mm) Compacted Sand Base Flexible Brick Paving in Pedestrian and Light Traffic Applications Traffic Light and in Pedestrian Paving Brick Flexible Geotextile Compacted Earth Concrete Base Mortarless Brick Max 1/2” (13mm) Sand Setting Bed Min. 4” (100mm) Concrete Base Compacted Sub-Base Compacted Earth Asphalt Base Tack Coat 2% Neoprene 3/4” (19mm) Mortarless Brick Modified Asphalt Adhesive Bituminous Setting Bed Min 4” (100mm) Concrete Base Compacted Sub-Base Paving Compacted Earth 3 Design Opportun Designs for flexible brick pavements are as fountains. Round-edged to heavy vehicular areas. varied as their uses: from basic colors and and chamfered pavers In any application, it is patterns, to other, newer applications. produce bolder lines, critical that the ground Whether employed in Colonial or contempo- enhancing many and grade be analyzed rary projects consisting of buildings and bond patterns. carefully, that the founda- pavements, brick has proved itself a medium tion be planned properly, that’s kept pace with the latest design trends. Brick paving systems that the correct base, cover the full breadth materials and pavers be Apart from some specific Brick paving sections can of pavement uses, from specified, and that the traffic considerations that alternate patterns or colors, pedestrian applications installation be carried will be discussed later, the may be used with other out correctly. choice of standard bond paving materials to achieve patterns generally follows interesting effects, and taste. Running bond, to delineate such specific basketweave, herringbone, areas as plazas and paths. stack bond, and variations One popular variation Interlock on all these patterns exploit combines running bond brick’s modularity and the with stacked bond placed aura of tradition. around planting beds and No Vertical Interlock Displaced Sand Displaced Sand Vertical Interlock 4 ities Deciding on the appropriate brick paving system to use is important to ensure prop- er performance. Since brick Applications Traffic Light and in Pedestrian Paving Brick Flexible can be used in a variety of ways, the following is a guide to help you decide on what works. Interlock, the key to a stable flexible brick pavement, is formed by the interaction of pavers, base and bedding materials, and jointing sand. As these diagrams illustrate, interlock distributes vertical and rotational loads down to the subgrade and shifts horizontal forces out to rigid edge restraints. No Horizontal Interlock No Rotational Interlock Horizontal Displacement Horizontal Displacement Horizontal Interlock Rotational Interlock 5 Many of the variables vehicular traffic require to be considered in the design by an engineer. design of a flexible pave- (See BIA Design Guide for ment are site dependent. Vehicular Pavements.) Optimally, the subgrade Considerations should also will be free of tree roots address the potential for or rocks (they should be frost heave, which can removed, and holes filled leave permanent changes with appropriate backfill). in the soil and therefore Proper drainage is essential the paving surface. The in all pavements. Adequate base, like the subgrade, slope should be included should achieve a 95% in the design to avoid compaction rating. standing water (a minimum alignment slope of 1/4 inch A rigid edge restraint is per foot is recommended, required to secure the with a maximum grade of whole paving system 10 percent). Larger paved laterally. Since it extends areas may require down below the level of the intermediate drains or bedding course, the edge scuppers. In areas with a also serves to hold that high water table or with crucial layer in place. soils with high moisture Concrete, stone, metal, retention, sub-surface some types of plastic or a drainage systems and/or soldier course of brick set geotextile layers should be in concrete can serve as an planned. Curbs and plant- edge restraint. The border ing beds are often higher can be planned to comple- than the paving surface so ment the design of the drainage at these elements pavement and also to pro- must be considered or a vide a channel for surface “bathtub” effect may occur. runoff. Special shaped bricks can be used to create The thickness of the entire elegant curbing for your paving system should be paving project while also calculated according to acting as an edge restraint. its traffic load. Generally, a minimum
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