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Materials Engineering, Characterization, and Applications of the Organic- Based Magnet, V[TCNE]

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Materials Engineering, Characterization, and Applications of the Organic- Based Magnet, V[TCNE] Materials engineering, characterization, and applications of the organic- based magnet, V[TCNE] DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Megan Harberts Graduate Program in Physics The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Professor Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Advisor Professor Jay Gupta Professor Annika Peter Professor William Putikka Copyright by Megan Harberts 2015 Abstract Organic materials have advantageous properties such as low cost and mechanical flexibility that have made them attractive to complement traditional materials used in electronics and have led to commercial success, especially in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Many rapidly advancing technologies incorporate magnetic materials, leading to the potential for creating analogous organic-based magnetic applications. The semiconducting ferrimagnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene, V[TCNE]x~2, exhibits room temperature magnetic ordering which makes it an attractive candidate. My research is focused on development of thin films of V[TCNE]x~2 through advancement in growth, materials engineering, and applications. My thesis is broken up into two sections, the first which provides background and details of V[TCNE]x~2 growth and characterization. The second section focuses on advances beyond V[TCNE]x~2 film growth. The ordering of the chapters is for the ease of the reader, but encompasses work that I led and robust collaborations that I have participated in. V[TCNE]x~2 films are deposited through a chemical vapor deposition process (CVD). My advancements to the growth process have led to higher quality films which have higher magnetic ordering temperatures, more magnetically homogenous samples, and extremely narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidths. ii Beyond improvements in film growth, materials engineering has created new materials and structures with properties to compliment thin film V[TCNE]x~2. Though a robust collaboration with chemistry colleagues, modification of the molecule TCNE has led to the creation of new magnetic materials vanadium methyl tricyanoethylene carboxylate, V[MeTCEC]x and vanadium ethyl tricyanoethylene carboxylate, V[ETCEC]x. Additionally, I have lead a project to deposit V[TCNE]x~2 on periodically patterned substrates leading to the formation of a 1-D array of V[TCNE]x~2 nanowires. These arrays exhibit in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which is not observed in films of V[TCNE]x~2. Additional collaborations have also made significant progress in addressing one of the challenges for incorporating V[TCNE]x~2 into applications, which is the degradation of magnetic properties with exposure to oxygen. By working off of encapsulation technology which has been developed for OLEDs, we have shown that we can use a simple epoxy to extend the magnetic properties of V[TCNE]x~2 films from an order of hours to one month in ambient conditions. iii Acknowledgments First I would like to thank my advisor and mentor, Professor Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin for his guidance and support throughout my entire graduate career, even before I was a formally member of his research group. I truly appreciate everything he has done to help shape me into the scientist I am today. I would also like to thank Professor Arthur J Epstein for introducing me to the exciting, yet slightly unusual field of organics. His contribution to both the field of organics and to interdisciplinary materials research at OSU is extensive and I am honored to have been a part of his legacy. I am extremely thankful for all of the staff members who have helped me complete my PhD. I would especially like to thank Jenny Finnell and Kris Dunlap. Jenny helped work through all of my travel as well as many other things in the Epstein group and Kris is probably the most serious person concerned with making sure every graduate student in physics succeeds and I am honored to consider her a friend as well as a colleague. I would also like to thank all of the Nanosystems Laboratory staff including Denis Pelekov, Billy Kelley, Laura Heyek, Asnika Bajracharya, and numerous undergrads who have been a tremendous help in the transition and operation of the organic cleanroom. I iv would also like acknowledge Bob Wells who left this world too soon and who was truly one of my favorite people to work with. Next I must thank the numerous people in both of my research groups who I have had the pleasure of working with. From the Epstein group I must thank of all those who came before me, especially those to taught me how to work in the Epstein labs. This includes: Kadriye Deniz Bozdag, Jung-Woo Yoo, Chi-Yi Chen, June Hyoung Park, Austin Carter, Bin Li, Chi-Yueh Kao, Raju Nandyala, and Vladimir Prigodin. I also want to thank all of the JH group students who have provided advice, expertise, and comradery including: Lei Fang, Yi-Hsin Chiu, Kurtis Wickey, Yu-Sheng Ou, Justin Young, Michael Chilcote, and Matthew Sheffield. I would also like to thank all of the undergraduate students that I have worked with and mentored including Calli Campbell, Cayla Nelson, Marisa McCaffrey, and Carissa Brown. Teaching you has helped me become a better communicator and a better scientist. Many, many thanks are in order for the two people with whom I have worked the most closely over the past 6 years, Howard Yu and Yu Lu. I am so grateful for our collaboration which has benefited us all more than if we had never worked together. I would also like to offer best wishes to Ian Froning and Andrew Franson as they continue on the organics work. I would also like to acknowledge a few of my strong female mentors who have provided me with guidance and many unique opportunities. I would first like to thank Shawna Hollen, she is one of the most amazing researchers I know and truly appreciate everything she has done to help me when nothing required her to. I also must acknowledge Amy Connolly and Nancy Santagata, co-founders of A Day in the Life in v Physics. My life changed forever when we started the blog and the doors that it has opened have truly shaped my graduate experience and helped me discover a passion for communicating science. I am also extremely honored to have had the opportunity to work so closely with both Amy and Nancy and learn from their experiences. I am honored to have been a part of the incoming class of 2009, we rock! I am so grateful to all of my classmates for being supportive throughout graduate school and providing me with many lasting memories. I would especially like to thank the people who ate lunch with me every day and kept me sane-Ula Szfragua, Richelle Teeling-Smith, Mark Patrick, Yaser Helal, and Nick Minutillo. Finally, I thank my family. My parents instilled a love of science in me and I would not have made it this far without them. I am also honored to follow in the footsteps of my grandfather and wish he were still here to see me achieve this goal. Lastly to the person I owe the most thanks is my husband Dan. He has always supported me and made sacrifices to allow me to pursue my goals and I do not know what I would do without him. vi Vita 2005................................................................Sandia High School 2009................................................................B.S. Physics and Mathematics, New Mexico State University 2009-2010 ......................................................University Fellow, The Ohio State University 2010-2012 .......................................................Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University 2012-Present ..................................................Graduate Research Associate, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University Publications 1.) M. Harberts, M. Chilcote, Y. Lu, G. Schmidt, E. Johnston-Halperin, "Formation of organic-based magnetic nanowires", in preparation. 2.) Y. Lu, H. Yu, M. Harberts, A. J. Epstein, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Vanadium [ethyl tricyanoethelene carboxylate]x : a new organic-based magnet”, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3, (2015) 7363. 3.) M. Harberts, Y. Lu, H. Yu, A. J. Epstein, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Chemical vapor deposition of an organic magnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene, V[TCNE]x~2”, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 101, (2015) e52891. 4.) I. Froning, M. Harberts, Y. Lu, H. Yu, A. J. Epstein, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Thin-film Encapsulation of the Air Sensitive Organic Ferrimagnet Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene,” Applied Physics Letters, 106, (2015) 122403. vii 5.) H. Yu, M. Harberts, R. Adur, Y. Lu, P.C. Hammel, E. Johnston-Halperin, A. J. Epstein, “Ultra-narrow ferromagnetic resonance in organic-based thin films grown via low temperature chemical vapor deposition,” Applied Physics Letters, 105, (2014), 012407. 6.) Y. Lu, M. Harberts, C. Kao, H. Yu, E. Johnston-Halperin, and A. J. Epstein, “Thin film deposition of an organic magnet based on vanadium methyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate”, Advanced Materials, 26, (2014) 7632. 7.) H. Yu, M. Harberts, L. Fang, K. Deniz Bozdag, C.Y. Chen, A. J. Epstein, and E. Johnston-Halperin, "Electrical transport in a hybrid organic/inorganic heterostructure," Proceedings of SPIE Spintronics IV, Aug 21, 2011. Fields of Study Major Field: Physics viii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................
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