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SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Research Infrastructures
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Research Infrastructures INFRA-2007-2.2.2.1 - Preparatory phase for 'Computer and Data Treat- ment' research infrastructures in the 2006 ESFRI Roadmap PRACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe Grant Agreement Number: RI-211528 D8.3.2 Final technical report and architecture proposal Final Version: 1.0 Author(s): Ramnath Sai Sagar (BSC), Jesus Labarta (BSC), Aad van der Steen (NCF), Iris Christadler (LRZ), Herbert Huber (LRZ) Date: 25.06.2010 D8.3.2 Final technical report and architecture proposal Project and Deliverable Information Sheet PRACE Project Project Ref. №: RI-211528 Project Title: Final technical report and architecture proposal Project Web Site: http://www.prace-project.eu Deliverable ID: : <D8.3.2> Deliverable Nature: Report Deliverable Level: Contractual Date of Delivery: PU * 30 / 06 / 2010 Actual Date of Delivery: 30 / 06 / 2010 EC Project Officer: Bernhard Fabianek * - The dissemination level are indicated as follows: PU – Public, PP – Restricted to other participants (including the Commission Services), RE – Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services). CO – Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services). PRACE - RI-211528 i 25.06.2010 D8.3.2 Final technical report and architecture proposal Document Control Sheet Title: : Final technical report and architecture proposal Document ID: D8.3.2 Version: 1.0 Status: Final Available at: http://www.prace-project.eu Software Tool: Microsoft Word 2003 File(s): D8.3.2_addn_v0.3.doc -
Recent Developments in Supercomputing
John von Neumann Institute for Computing Recent Developments in Supercomputing Th. Lippert published in NIC Symposium 2008, G. M¨unster, D. Wolf, M. Kremer (Editors), John von Neumann Institute for Computing, J¨ulich, NIC Series, Vol. 39, ISBN 978-3-9810843-5-1, pp. 1-8, 2008. c 2008 by John von Neumann Institute for Computing Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise requires prior specific permission by the publisher mentioned above. http://www.fz-juelich.de/nic-series/volume39 Recent Developments in Supercomputing Thomas Lippert J¨ulich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum J¨ulich 52425 J¨ulich, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Status and recent developments in the field of supercomputing on the European and German level as well as at the Forschungszentrum J¨ulich are presented. Encouraged by the ESFRI committee, the European PRACE Initiative is going to create a world-leading European tier-0 supercomputer infrastructure. In Germany, the BMBF formed the Gauss Centre for Supercom- puting, the largest national association for supercomputing in Europe. The Gauss Centre is the German partner in PRACE. With its new Blue Gene/P system, the J¨ulich supercomputing centre has realized its vision of a dual system complex and is heading for Petaflop/s already in 2009. In the framework of the JuRoPA-Project, in cooperation with German and European industrial partners, the JSC will build a next generation general purpose system with very good price-performance ratio and energy efficiency. -
Germany's Top500 Businesses
GERMANY’S TOP500 DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS IN SEARCH OF BUSINESS CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 INSIGHT 1 4 SLOW GROWTH RATES YET HIGH SALES INSIGHT 2 6 NOT ENOUGH REVENUE IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO DIGITIZATION INSIGHT 3 10 EU REGULATIONS ARE WEAKENING INNOVATION INSIGHT 4 12 THE GERMAN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COULD TURN INTO AN INNOVATION DRIVER CONCLUSION 14 FOREWORD Large German companies are on the lookout. Their purpose: To find new growth prospects. While revenue increases of more than 5 percent on average have not been uncommon for Germany’s 500 largest companies in the past, that level of growth has not occurred for the last four years. The reasons are obvious. With their high export rates, This study is intended to examine critically the Germany’s industrial companies continue to be major opportunities arising at the beginning of a new era of players in the global market. Their exports have, in fact, technology. Accenture uses four insights to not only been so high in the past that it is now increasingly describe the progress that has been made in digital difficult to sustain their previous rates of growth. markets, but also suggests possible steps companies can take to overcome weak growth. Accenture regularly examines Germany’s largest companies on the basis of their ranking in “Germany’s Top500,” a list published every year in the German The four insights in detail: daily newspaper DIE WELT. These 500 most successful German companies generate revenue of more than INSIGHT 1 one billion Euros. In previous years, they were the Despite high levels of sales, growth among Germany’s engines of the German economy. -
The QPACE Supercomputer Applications of Random Matrix Theory in Two-Colour Quantum Chromodynamics Dissertation
The QPACE Supercomputer Applications of Random Matrix Theory in Two-Colour Quantum Chromodynamics Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakult¨atf¨urPhysik der Universit¨atRegensburg vorgelegt von Nils Meyer aus Kempten im Allg¨au Mai 2013 Die Arbeit wurde angeleitet von: Prof. Dr. T. Wettig Das Promotionsgesuch wurde eingereicht am: 07.05.2013 Datum des Promotionskolloquiums: 14.06.2016 Pr¨ufungsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. C. Strunk Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. T. Wettig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. G. Bali weiterer Pr¨ufer: Prof. Dr. F. Evers F¨urDenise. Contents List of Figures v List of Tables vii List of Acronyms ix Outline xiii I The QPACE Supercomputer 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Supercomputers . .3 1.2 Contributions to QPACE . .5 2 Design Overview 7 2.1 Architecture . .7 2.2 Node-card . .9 2.3 Cooling . 10 2.4 Communication networks . 10 2.4.1 Torus network . 10 2.4.1.1 Characteristics . 10 2.4.1.2 Communication concept . 11 2.4.1.3 Partitioning . 12 2.4.2 Ethernet network . 13 2.4.3 Global signals network . 13 2.5 System setup . 14 2.5.1 Front-end system . 14 2.5.2 Ethernet networks . 14 2.6 Other system components . 15 2.6.1 Root-card . 15 2.6.2 Superroot-card . 17 i ii CONTENTS 3 The IBM Cell Broadband Engine 19 3.1 The Cell Broadband Engine and the supercomputer league . 19 3.2 PowerXCell 8i overview . 19 3.3 Lattice QCD on the Cell BE . 20 3.3.1 Performance model . -
Measuring Power Consumption on IBM Blue Gene/P
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Comput Sci Res Dev DOI 10.1007/s00450-011-0192-y SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER Measuring power consumption on IBM Blue Gene/P Michael Hennecke · Wolfgang Frings · Willi Homberg · Anke Zitz · Michael Knobloch · Hans Böttiger © The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Energy efficiency is a key design principle of the Top10 supercomputers on the November 2010 Top500 list IBM Blue Gene series of supercomputers, and Blue Gene [1] alone (which coincidentally are also the 10 systems with systems have consistently gained top GFlops/Watt rankings an Rpeak of at least one PFlops) are consuming a total power on the Green500 list. The Blue Gene hardware and man- of 33.4 MW [2]. These levels of power consumption are al- agement software provide built-in features to monitor power ready a concern for today’s Petascale supercomputers (with consumption at all levels of the machine’s power distribu- operational expenses becoming comparable to the capital tion network. This paper presents the Blue Gene/P power expenses for procuring the machine), and addressing the measurement infrastructure and discusses the operational energy challenge clearly is one of the key issues when ap- aspects of using this infrastructure on Petascale machines. proaching Exascale. We also describe the integration of Blue Gene power moni- While the Flops/Watt metric is useful, its emphasis on toring capabilities into system-level tools like LLview, and LINPACK performance and thus computational load ne- highlight some results of analyzing the production workload glects the fact that the energy costs of memory references at Research Center Jülich (FZJ). -
QPACE: Quantum Chromodynamics Parallel Computing on the Cell Broadband Engine
N OVEL A RCHITECTURES QPACE: Quantum Chromodynamics Parallel Computing on the Cell Broadband Engine Application-driven computers for Lattice Gauge Theory simulations have often been based on system-on-chip designs, but the development costs can be prohibitive for academic project budgets. An alternative approach uses compute nodes based on a commercial processor tightly coupled to a custom-designed network processor. Preliminary analysis shows that this solution offers good performance, but it also entails several challenges, including those arising from the processor’s multicore structure and from implementing the network processor on a field- programmable gate array. 1521-9615/08/$25.00 © 2008 IEEE uantum chromodynamics (QCD) is COPUBLISHED BY THE IEEE CS AND THE AIP a well-established theoretical frame- Gottfried Goldrian, Thomas Huth, Benjamin Krill, work to describe the properties and Jack Lauritsen, and Heiko Schick Q interactions of quarks and gluons, which are the building blocks of protons, neutrons, IBM Research and Development Lab, Böblingen, Germany and other particles. In some physically interesting Ibrahim Ouda dynamical regions, researchers can study QCD IBM Systems and Technology Group, Rochester, Minnesota perturbatively—that is, they can work out physi- Simon Heybrock, Dieter Hierl, Thilo Maurer, Nils Meyer, cal observables as a systematic expansion in the Andreas Schäfer, Stefan Solbrig, Thomas Streuer, strong coupling constant. In other (often more and Tilo Wettig interesting) regions, such an expansion isn’t pos- sible, so researchers must find other approaches. University of Regensburg, Germany The most systematic and widely used nonper- Dirk Pleiter, Karl-Heinz Sulanke, and Frank Winter turbative approach is lattice QCD (LQCD), a Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Zeuthen, Germany discretized, computer-friendly version of the Hubert Simma theory Kenneth Wilson proposed more than 1 University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy 30 years ago. -
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Computer architecture in the past and next quarter century CNNA 2010 Berkeley, Feb 3, 2010 H. Peter Hofstee Cell/B.E. Chief Scientist IBM Systems and Technology Group CMOS Microprocessor Trends, The First ~25 Years ( Good old days ) Log(Performance) Single Thread More active transistors, higher frequency 2005 Page 2 SPECINT 10000 3X From Hennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A ??%/year 1000 Quantitative Approach , 4th edition, 2006 52%/year 100 Performance (vs. VAX-11/780) VAX-11/780) (vs. Performance 10 25%/year 1 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 • VAX : 25%/year 1978 to 1986 RISC + x86: 52%/year 1986 to 2002 Page 3 CMOS Devices hit a scaling wall 1000 Air Cooling limit ) 100 2 Active 10 Power Passive Power 1 0.1 Power Density (W/cm Power Density 0.01 1994 2004 0.001 1 0.1 0.01 Gate Length (microns) Isaac e.a. IBM Page 4 Microprocessor Trends More active transistors, higher frequency Log(Performance) Single Thread More active transistors, higher frequency 2005 Page 5 Microprocessor Trends Multi-Core More active transistors, higher frequency Log(Performance) Single Thread More active transistors, higher frequency 2005 2015(?) Page 6 Multicore Power Server Processors Power 4 Power 5 Power 7 2001 2004 2009 Introduces Dual core Dual Core – 4 threads 8 cores – 32 threads Page 7 Why are (shared memory) CMPs dominant? A new system delivers nearly twice the throughput performance of the previous one without application-level changes. Applications do not degrade in performance when ported (to a next-generation processor). -
HPC Hardware & Software Development At
Heiko J Schick – IBM Deutschland R&D GmbH August 2010 HPC HW & SW Development at IBM Research & Development Lab © 2010 IBM Corporation Agenda . Section 1: Hardware and Software Development Process . Section 2: Hardware and Firmware Development . Section 3: Operating System and Device Driver Development . Section 4: Performance Tuning . Section 5: Cluster Management . Section 6: Project Examples 2 © 2010 IBM Corporation IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH Overview Focus Areas . One of IBM‘s largest Research & Text. Skills: Hardware, Firmware, Development sites Operating Systems, Software . Founded: and Services 1953 . More than 60 Hard- . Employees: and Software projects Berlin ~2.000 . Technology consulting . Headquarter: . Cooperation with Mainz Böblingen research institutes Walldorf and universities Böblingen . Managing Director: München Dirk Wittkopp 3 3 © 2010 IBM Corporation Research Zürich Watson Almaden China Tokio Haifa Austin India 4 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 Research Hardware Development Greenock Rochester Boulder Böblingen Toronto Fujisawa Endicott Burlington La Gaude San Jose East Fishkill Poughkeepsie Yasu Tucson Haifa Yamato Austin Raleigh Bangalore 5 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 Research Hardware Development Software Development Krakau Moskau Vancouver Dublin Hursley Minsk Rochester Böblingen Beaverton Toronto Paris Endicott Santa Foster Rom City Lenexa Littleton Beijing Teresa Poughkeepsie Haifa Yamato Austin Raleigh Costa Kairo Schanghai Mesa Taipei Pune Bangalore São Paolo Golden Coast Perth Sydney -
Financing the Future of Supercomputing: How to Increase
INNOVATION FINANCE ADVISORY STUDIES Financing the future of supercomputing How to increase investments in high performance computing in Europe years Financing the future of supercomputing How to increase investment in high performance computing in Europe Prepared for: DG Research and Innovation and DG Connect European Commission By: Innovation Finance Advisory European Investment Bank Advisory Services Authors: Björn-Sören Gigler, Alberto Casorati and Arnold Verbeek Supervisor: Shiva Dustdar Contact: [email protected] Consultancy support: Roland Berger and Fraunhofer SCAI © European Investment Bank, 2018. All rights reserved. All questions on rights and licensing should be addressed to [email protected] Financing the future of supercomputing Foreword “Disruptive technologies are key enablers for economic growth and competitiveness” The Digital Economy is developing rapidly worldwide. It is the single most important driver of innovation, competitiveness and growth. Digital innovations such as supercomputing are an essential driver of innovation and spur the adoption of digital innovations across multiple industries and small and medium-sized enterprises, fostering economic growth and competitiveness. Applying the power of supercomputing combined with Artificial Intelligence and the use of Big Data provide unprecedented opportunities for transforming businesses, public services and societies. High Performance Computers (HPC), also known as supercomputers, are making a difference in the everyday life of citizens by helping to address the critical societal challenges of our times, such as public health, climate change and natural disasters. For instance, the use of supercomputers can help researchers and entrepreneurs to solve complex issues, such as developing new treatments based on personalised medicine, or better predicting and managing the effects of natural disasters through the use of advanced computer simulations. -
Meteorological and Climate Modelling | GRNET PRACE TRAINING CENTER July 4, 2018
Meteorological and climate modelling | GRNET PRACE TRAINING CENTER July 4, 2018 1 GRNET PTC, July 4, 2018 @GRNET HQ, Athens, Greece www.prace-ri.eu Agenda – Wed 4 July 2018 ▶ 10:30 Introduction to PRACE – Aris Sotiropoulos ▶ 11:00 Numerical modelling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model: Introduction - Applications - Best practices – Dr Theodore Giannaros ▶ 13:30 Break (snack/coffee) ▶ 14:00 Regional climate modeling with WRF – Dr Stergios Kartsios ▶ 16:30 Open Discussion – Dimitris Dellis 2 GRNET PTC, July 4, 2018 @GRNET HQ, Athens, Greece www.prace-ri.eu PRACE | The Research Infrastructure Supporting Science and Industry through Provision of High Performance Computing Resources Aris Sotiropoulos HPC Project Manager GRNET SA 3 GRNET PTC, July 4, 2018 @GRNET HQ, Athens, Greece www.prace-ri.eu PRACE | what we do ▶ Open access to best-of-breed HPC systems to EU scientists and researchers ▶ Variety of architectures to support the different scientific communities ▶ High standards in computational science and engineering ▶ Peer review on European scale to foster scientific excellence ▶ Robust and persistent funding scheme for HPC supported by national governments and European Commission (EC) 4 GRNET PTC, July 4, 2018 @GRNET HQ, Athens, Greece www.prace-ri.eu PRACE | 25 members Hosting Members General Partners (PRACE 2) ▶ France ▶ Belgium ▶ Luxembourg ▶ Germany ▶ Bulgaria ▶ Netherlands ▶ Italy ▶ Cyprus ▶ Norway ▶ Spain ▶ Czech Republic ▶ Poland ▶ Switzerland ▶ Denmark ▶ Portugal ▶ Finland ▶ Slovakia ▶ Greece ▶ Slovenia ▶ Hungary -
Hpc in Europe
HPC IN EUROPE Organisation of public HPC resources Context • Focus on publicly-funded HPC resources provided primarily to enable scientific research and development at European universities and other publicly-funded research institutes • These resources are also intended to benefit industrial / commercial users by: • facilitating access to HPC • providing HPC training • sponsoring academic-industrial collaborative projects to exchange expertise and accelerate efficient commercial exploitation of HPC • Do not consider private sector HPC resources owned and managed internally by companies, e.g. in aerospace design & manufacturing, oil & gas exploration, fintech (financial technology), etc. European HPC Infrastructure • Structured provision of European HPC facilities: • Tier-0: European Centres (> petaflop machines) • Tier-1: National Centres • Tier-2: Regional/University Centres • Tiers planned as part of an EU Research Infrastructure Roadmap • This is coordinated through “PRACE” – http://prace-ri.eu PRACE Partnership foR Advanced Computing in Europe • International non-profit association (HQ office in Brussels) • Established in 2010 following ESFRI* roadmap to create a persistent pan-European Research Infrastructure (RI) of world-class supercomputers • Mission: enable high-impact scientific discovery and engineering research and development across all disciplines to enhance European competitiveness for the benefit of society. *European Strategy Forum on Reseach Infrastructures PRACE Partnership foR Advanced Computing in Europe Aims: • Provide access to leading-edge computing and data management resources and services for large-scale scientific and engineering applications at the highest performance level • Provide pan-European HPC education and training • Strengthen the European users of HPC in industry A Brief History of PRACE PRACE Phases & Objectives • Preparation and implementation of the PRACE RI was supported by a series of projects funded by the EU’s FP7 and Horizon 2020 funding programmes • 530 M€ of funding for the period 2010-2015. -
Ireu 2 0 1 8 Top500 Report
INTERNETRETAILING In partnership with IREU 2 0 1 8 TOP500 REPORT THIS LATEST ANNUAL INSIDE internetretailing.net/ireu [email protected] EDITION OF OUR • The Top500 European retailers assessed RESEARCH ASSESSES and ranked LEADING EUROPEAN • How and why Elite retailers RETAILERS FROM A outperform competitors UNIQUE, PERFORMANCE- • We outline the challenges facing European retailers BASED PERSPECTIVE in 2018/19 5992 - KLA - Internet Retailing Magazine_A4_AW.indd 1 07/09/2018 16:43 FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Introduction Welcome to the Top500 IREU for 2018, which assesses the performance of European retailers after what has been an eventful 12 months. It’s been a year of significant and continuous improvement among existing and new members of the index, and this has reshaped the retail landscape. The effect of that continuous improvement is now so marked that there are retailers that have fallen out of the Elite level of this ranking that are performing more strongly than when they achieved that ranking last year. They’re being replaced by businesses operating at a new level of excellence. No doubt that change will continue next year as retailers and brands across Europe continue to raise their games. This year we’ve noted that direct-to-consumer brands are playing a larger part in the index as they move at scale to adopt the multichannel techniques that have worked well for retailers that were previously the primary sellers of their goods. This change is likely to be felt painfully by general merchants that previously led the way in using digital to sell goods. Now brands are taking those proven techniques that have worked well for the traders that developed and honed them, and using them to meet demand from customers who are now eager to buy direct as well as through retailers.