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1. Smaug, the Treasure Keeper
How have dragons evolved in modern literature? First we will study the classical representation of the fierce treasure- keeping monster in The Hobbit, then we will discuss its evolution as a potential ally or member of the family in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and A Clash of Kings. We will also compare the film and television series adaptations of these works with the novels and evaluate the choices made to represent these dragons on screen. 1. Smaug, the treasure keeper This 1998 book cover edition of The Hobbit (published in 1937) written by J.R.R. Tolkien for his children. He invented a whole universe and an associated mythology. He is considered the father of Heroic Fantasy. Tolkien also translated Beowulf and it inspired him to create Smaug. Heroic fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy in which events occur in a world where magic is prevalent and modern technology is non-existent. Smaug is a dragon and the main antagonist in the novel The Hobbit, his treasure and the mountain he lives in being the goal of the quest. Powerful and fearsome, he invaded the Dwarf kingdom of Erebor 150 years prior to the events described in the novel. A group of thirteen dwarves mounted a quest to take the kingdom back, aided by the wizard Gandalf and the hobbit Bilbo Baggins. In The Hobbit, Thorin describes Smaug as "a most specially greedy, strong and wicked worm". The text is set just after Bilbo has stolen a cup from Smaug’s lair for his companions. The dragon is furious and he chases them as they escape through a tunnel. -
The Symbol of the Dragon and Ways to Shape Cultural Identities in Institute Working Vietnam and Japan Paper Series
2015 - HARVARD-YENCHING THE SYMBOL OF THE DRAGON AND WAYS TO SHAPE CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN INSTITUTE WORKING VIETNAM AND JAPAN PAPER SERIES Nguyen Ngoc Tho | University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City THE SYMBOL OF THE DRAGON AND WAYS TO SHAPE 1 CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN VIETNAM AND JAPAN Nguyen Ngoc Tho University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City Abstract Vietnam, a member of the ASEAN community, and Japan have been sharing Han- Chinese cultural ideology (Confucianism, Mahayana Buddhism etc.) and pre-modern history; therefore, a great number of common values could be found among the diverse differences. As a paddy-rice agricultural state of Southeast Asia, Vietnam has localized Confucianism and absorbed it into Southeast Asian culture. Therefore, Vietnamese Confucianism has been decentralized and horizontalized after being introduced and accepted. Beside the local uniqueness of Shintoism, Japan has shared Confucianism, the Indian-originated Mahayana Buddhism and other East Asian philosophies; therefore, both Confucian and Buddhist philosophies should be wisely laid as a common channel for cultural exchange between Japan and Vietnam. This semiotic research aims to investigate and generalize the symbol of dragons in Vietnam and Japan, looking at their Confucian and Buddhist absorption and separate impacts in each culture, from which the common and different values through the symbolic significances of the dragons are obviously generalized. The comparative study of Vietnamese and Japanese dragons can be enlarged as a study of East Asian dragons and the Southeast Asian legendary naga snake/dragon in a broader sense. The current and future political, economic and cultural exchanges between Japan and Vietnam could be sped up by applying a starting point at these commonalities. -
Draconic Hybrids and Other Reptilian Monstrosities
Draconic Hybrids and Other Reptilian Monstrosities Andrew Frey Being a conversion of some creatures from the 2e accessory Cult of the Dragon along with some half-dragons and assorted conversions. Contents Introduction 3 Half-Dragons 4 Half-DragonChimera ................................. ........ 4 Half-DragonManticore. .......... 7 Half-DragonWyvern.................................. ........ 9 OtherHalf-Dragons .................................. ........ 11 Draconic Hybrids 12 Dracimera.......................................... ...... 12 Mantidrake ......................................... ...... 15 WyvernDrake ........................................ ..... 18 Dracohydra ......................................... ...... 21 OtherDraconicHybrids .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... 24 Other Reptilian Monstrosities 25 Ur-Histachii....................................... ........ 25 SomeOtherReptilianMonsters. ........... 29 Open Game License 30 2 Introduction Why Convert? You might wonder why I would go through the trouble of converting draconic hybrids that, at first glance, might not seem much different than half-dragons obtained through application of the template. The answer is that the old monsters just give different results, which feed directly into different flavor. (One thing you’ll notice is that the different dragon varieties have a greater impact on the hybrids than the half-dragons.) It’s also nice to see some “classics” brought back to life. Mostly, though, it’s just a labor of love. As an aside, you’ll see “designer’s -
Battlelore:Dr
When used against a flying Dragon, Lore cards that Hold or Web cause the BATTLELORE: DRAGONS Creature to fall to the ground and take a one die Critical Hit check. Should this Welcome to the Dragons Expansion Pack! happen, the Dragon stops in its current space. If the space is occupied, the Dragon must This pack adds the following three new Player’s Guide, unless specifically indicated retreat until it reaches an empty hex. Creature units for use in BattleLore scenarios: otherwise. These include ordering a Creature Morale out-of-section, morale, and trampling rules. An • One Green Banner Wood Wyvern unit updated edition of the Creature rules can be found A Dragon may ignore one flag. When a with a Poison breath attack at www.FantasyFlightGames.com. Dragon is forced to retreat, it must retreat three • One Blue Banner Ice Drake unit with a hexes. When retreating, a Dragon flies over any Frost breath attack General Dragon rules blocking units in its retreat path. The hex its retreat ends on must be an empty hex (no unit • One Red Banner Fire Dragon unit with a Flight or terrain). Fire breath attack All Dragon units (including Drakes and If a retreat cannot be completed, one hit is As a bonus, an extra card and Troll Bridge Wyverns) have the ability to fly over terrain scored for each hex of the retreat that cannot be token are included for owners of the Troll figure or units. The hex its movement ends on must completed. When a Dragon receives two or more from the Battlelore: For Troll and Country epic be an empty hex (no unit or terrain). -
Mythmoot VI: Dragons!
Mythmoot VI: Dragons! Abstracts for Friday, June 28, 2019 Academic Presentations (10:30 am – 12:00 noon) Main Room The Genetics of Elven Hair Color – Marie Prosser & Ellen S. "[Middle-earth] is only (as yet) an incompletely imagined world, a rudimentary 'secondary'; but if it pleased the Creator to give it (in a corrected form) Reality on any plane, then you would just have to enter it and begin studying its different biology, that is all." J.R.R. Tolkien (Letter 153) While not as contentious a topic as the wingédness of balrogs or the origin of Tom Bombadil, discussions of elven hair color among fans of Tolkien's work have always been surprisingly rampant. Any artist who has represented the elves has been informed by fans (rightly or wrongly) as to what hair color a character ought to have. While we do not seek to definitely answer that question for the elves whose hair color was not described by Tolkien (sorry, Legolas), we would like to explore the genetics of elven hair color using Tolkien's descriptions, his family trees of the elves, and the genetics of Caucasian human hair color as a starting point. Tolkien's hobbit and elven genealogies and descriptions are (perhaps surprisingly) very consistent with the concepts of heredity known to us now with the advent of genetics, with a few uniquely elvish traits such as silver hair (even in children), the mingled silver and gold of Galadriel's hair, and the dark black color of Melian's hair passed down in Lúthien's line. -
A Comparative Study Between Chinese and Western Dragon Culture in Cross-Cultural Communication Lina Yuan and Yunling Sun*
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 517 Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development (SSCHD 2020) A Comparative Study Between Chinese and Western Dragon Culture in Cross-Cultural Communication Lina Yuan and Yunling Sun* College of Humanities and Sciences of Northeast Normal University * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper compared the differences between Chinese and Western “dragon” culture and emphasizes that cross- cultural communication should focus on contrast and comparison between heterogeneous cultures. Through the detailed analysis of the origins, cultural connotations, and symbolic meanings of Eastern and Western dragons, as well as their cultural development, we attempt to find a reasonable solution to reduce adverse effects of cultural differences and promote cross-cultural communication. Keywords: Comparative study, Cross-cultural communication, Dragon culture, Cultural difference. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OVERVIEW OF CHINESE AND Chinese culture has a long history and rich cultural WESTERN DRAGON content. In the various traditional Chinese culture, the dragon culture always plays an important role. Dragon 2.1. The Comparative History of the is a symbol of China. The Chinese nation is called the Development of Chinese and Western Dragon “country of the dragon” and the Chinese are known as We assume that the Chinese dragon and the Western the “dragon’s descendants”. Because dragon plays an dragon were produced at about the same time. The important role in Chinese traditional culture, it should birthplace of the Chinese dragon was Babylon was be valued and promoted in the process of cross-cultural based on the spread of the legend of the Tiamat (5000 communication. -
Copyrightx: Final Examination Spring 2019 Professor William Fisher
CopyrightX: Final Examination Spring 2019 Professor William Fisher Question #1 Dragons have appeared in many stories. Famous dragons include the one guarding the golden fleece in Argonautica (third century BC); the one slain by St. George in The Golden Legend (1260); and the seven-headed dragon who appears in one of the Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1812). Most dragons have been unnamed. An exception is Smaug, the principal villain in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel, The Hobbit, published in 1937. The passage from the novel in which Smaug is first described is set forth below: There he lay, a vast red-golden dragon, fast asleep; a thrumming came from his jaws and nostrils, and wisps of smoke, but his fires were low in slumber. Beneath him, under all his limbs and his huge coiled tail, and about him on all sides stretching away across the unseen floors, lay countless piles of precious things, gold wrought and un-wrought, gems and jewels, and silver red-stained in the ruddy light. Smaug lay, with wings folded like an immeasurable bat, turned partly on one side, so that the hobbit could see his underparts and his long pale belly crusted with gems and fragments of gold from his long lying on his costly bed. Behind him where the walls were nearest could dimly be seen coats of mail, helms and axes, swords and spears hanging; and there in rows stood great jars and vessels filled with a wealth that could not be guessed.” Unlike most of his predecessors, Smaug has some traits more often associated with humans: intelligence, greed, and vindictiveness. -
LIBRARY NEWSLETTER Figure with One Giant Foot at the End of Summer 2018 Its One Leg, Under Which It Supposedly Sheltered from the Sun
The Monopod LINCOLN CATHEDRAL One of the illustrations in our display includes the monopod, a small human LIBRARY NEWSLETTER figure with one giant foot at the end of Summer 2018 its one leg, under which it supposedly sheltered from the sun. Monopods date back centuries and appear regularly in medieval books and manuscripts. They also appeared in C.S. Lewis’ “Voyage of the Dawn Treader”. Our monopod is from Sebastian Münster’s, “Cosmographia Universalis” printed in Basle in 1572. In reality the monopod was probably just a man, seen from a distance, carrying an early version of an umbrella to provide shelter from the heat. Here be Monsters Centuries ago the sea was bravest of medieval sailors: manuscript older than the regarded as a dangerous and giant serpents wrapping Cathedral itself; the Lincoln unknown place full of all themselves around ships; Chapter Bible; the Epistles of kinds of monsters. Medieval seven headed monsters; St Jerome, our earliest Monster Special maps show them roaming the giant man eating shrimp like printed book and a seas and unknown areas of creatures and scaly fish-man fascinating 17th century book Our summer exhibition of devils and a variety of sea capitals. To the modern the world were simply creatures that would not be on space travel. New for the manuscripts and rare early monsters. Did medieval reader, these monsters are a described with the words out of place in an old episode “closed season” this year will printed books entitled “Here people really believe in these fanciful flight of fantasy, but “Here be monsters”. -
Bhutan's Constitution of 2008
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:19 constituteproject.org Bhutan's Constitution of 2008 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:19 Table of contents Preamble . 4 Article 1: Kingdom of Bhutan . 4 Article 2: The Institution of Monarchy . 4 Article 3: Spiritual Heritage . 8 Article 4: Culture . 9 Article 5: Environment . 9 Article 6: Citizenship . 10 Article 7: Fundamental Rights . 10 Article 8: Fundamental Duties . 12 Article 9: Principles of State Policy . 12 Article 10: Parliament . 14 Article 11: The National Council . 15 Article 12: The National Assembly . 16 Article 13: Passing of Bills . 16 Article 14: Finance, Trade and Commerce . 17 Article 15: Political Parties . 17 Article 16: Public Campaign Financing . 19 Article 17: Formation of Government . 20 Article 18: The Opposition Party . 20 Article 19: Interim Government . 20 Article 20: The Executive . 21 Article 21: The Judiciary . 22 Article 22: Local Governments . 23 Article 23: Elections . 25 Article 24: Election Commission . 26 Article 25: The Royal Audit Authority . 27 Article 26: The Royal Civil Service Commission . 27 Article 27: The Anti-Corruption Commission . 28 Article 28: Defence . 28 Article 29: The Attorney General . 29 Article 30: The Pay Commission . 29 Article 31: Holders of Constitutional Offices . 29 Article 32: Impeachment . 30 Bhutan 2008 Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:19 Article 33: Emergency . 30 Article 34: National Referendum . 31 Article 35: Amendment & Authoritative Text . 31 Schedule 1: The National Flag and the National Emblem of Bhutan . -
These Are Many Other Types of Dragons from Across
Dragons across the world These are many other types of dragons from across the world! Which of these do you think would be the scariest or friendliest dragon? Choose one of these dragons to do more research on - look on the internet or in books to see what you can learn & try adding them to the map. English Wyvern A two legged winged dragon that features heavily in folklore and myth all across the country. English Wymr A limbless sea serpent that sometimes would hunt on land as well as at sea. English Knucker A winged sea serpent creature that lived in deep round pools of water in Sussex. German Lindworm Similar to the Wyvern but with four legs. Lithuanian Slibinas A multi headed winged hydra. Polish Wawel A cave dwelling fierce scaly creature. Tatar Zilant A largely feathered beast with the body of a bird, legs of a chicken, red wings and a snake like tail. Hungarian Zomok A large winged snake, often ridden by a wizard! Catalan Drac A fire and poison breathing serpent with two legs, its head can resemble a variety of animals including a Turkish Evren A giant snake that leaves a trail of fire from its tail as it moves. Philippine Bakunawa A huge sea serpent that could swallow the moon from the sky, causing eclipses, earthquakes and storms. Korean Gye-long A cockatrice (chicken like dragon) that is often depicted pulling the chariots of mythical heroes. Japanese Orochi A red eyed giant serpent with eight heads that had trees and plants growing on its back. -
Dragons from Fafnir to Smaug, to the Pearl
Virtual Special Issue 2020: Dragons From Fafnir to Smaug, to the pearl-chasing Chinese long and the dragons that stalk the world of Internet games, these mythical creatures, whether traditional or literary, carry great symbolic value. The mound-dwelling, fire-breathing dragon in Beowulf belongs to a group of mythical beasts known throughout the world. J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle Earth novels have influenced the perception of dragons as winged, fire-breathing, reptilian quadrupeds, but, as so often with mythical animals, they come in many forms. Some are wingless, legless, or multi-headed, while the popular heraldic beast, the wyvern, has two legs, wings, and a serpentine tail. The names reveal something of their heritage. ‘Dragon’ comes from the Greek drakon (a large serpent). ‘Wyvern’ is derived from the Latin for viper (vipera), and the Germanic word, wyrm, is cognate with Latin vermis (worm). A range of articles from Folklore listed in this Virtual Special Issue examines dragon lore in various contexts, but focuses mainly on traditions about dragons in Britain and Europe, as well as the ways in which this dynamic tradition has influenced folktales, community performance, and the fantasy genre. Dragons are plentiful in Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic sources, where the terms worm, orme and dreki refer to creatures that range from serpentine to lizardlike and frequently come into conflict with a national, local, or even semi-divine hero. Germanic dragons are associated with burial mounds and treasure troves, and traditions about hidden treasure and death feature in many accounts (Davidson 1950). Jacqueline Simpson’s seminal survey of British dragons identified a number of themes in dragon tales which relate to the nature of the creature and its habitat; to heroes, both aristocratic and ordinary, who oppose them; and to various theories about the origin and function of these fascinating beasts (Simpson 1978). -
The Dragon Prince Jumpchain Version 1.0 Once, Xadia Was One
The Dragon Prince Jumpchain Version 1.0 Once, Xadia was one land, rich in magic and wonder. In the old times there were only the six Primal Sources of magic; the Sun, the Moon, the Stars, the Earth, the Sky, and the Ocean. But a thousand years ago, a human mage discovered new magic, the Seventh Source, Dark Magic. It used the essence within magical creatures themselves to unleash dark power. Horrified by what they saw, the Elves and the Dragons put a stop to the madness. They drove every last human to the West, and so the continent was divided in two. In the East, the magical lands of Xadia, and to the West, the Human Kingdoms. For centuries, the King of the Dragons himself defended the border. The Humans called him Thunder, for when he spoke, his voice shook the earth and the sky. But, on the eve of last Winter’s turn, the Humans used unspeakable Dark Magic to slay Thunder. Then, without mercy, they destroyed his only egg, his heir, the Dragon Prince. Now the world stands on the edge of outright war. Well, maybe not entirely. Thunder’s egg was not destroyed, but secreted away by a Dark Mage for his own purposes. Three weeks after you insert into this world, on the night of the full moon, Moonshadow Elves will infiltrate the Kingdom of Katolis to assassinate King Harrow in revenge for the deaths of Thunder and his son, leading the two princes to discover the egg and undertake a quest to return it to its mother and avert the coming war.