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Aitken Barn (Dubois House Site, 2009 Excavations)

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Aitken Barn (Dubois House Site, 2009 Excavations) RESULTS OF THE PHASE III ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE AITKEN BARN MITIGATION AT THE DUBOIS SITE (LINCOLN HOME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE), SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS prepared by Fever River Research Springfield, Illinois 2010 RESULTS OF THE PHASE III ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE AITKEN BARN MITIGATION AT THE DUBOIS SITE (LINCOLN HOME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE), SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS by Floyd M ansberger Fever River Research prepared by Fever River Research Springfield, Illinois for Lincoln Home National Historic Site National Park Service Springfield, Illinois 2010 Abstract In mid- 2009, construction activity for the rehabilitation of the Aitken Barn, located on the Dubois House lot in the Lincoln Home National Historic Site (Springfield, Illinois), was being scheduled for later that fall. This proposed construction work consisted of substantial ground disturbing activity (particularly the construction of a new foundation system and poured concrete floor). In an effort to mitigate the impact of the proposed construction on historic resources, the National Park Service contracted with Fever River Research, Inc. to excavate areas within the footprint of the proposed building and within an 18” buffer around the outside perimeter of that structure. The archaeological investigations documented four discrete construction “phases” within the rear yard location of the Dubois House lot. This report summarizes the methods and results of those investigations which were conducted during the late fall and early winter of 2009- 2010. Cover: (Left top) View of the Dubois Site, as depicted on the 1873 Bird’s Eye View of Springfield, Illinois (Koch 1873). (Right) Portrait of Jesse Kilgore Dubois as photographed during later life (courtesy Illinois State Historical Society). (Left bottom) The Aitken Barn priorto archaeological investigations and rehabilitation. i Acknowledgments Many individuals contributed to the success of this project. I would particularly like to thank Lincoln Home National Historic Site Superintendent James Sanders, Facility Manager James Cagle, Curator Susan Haake, Historian Tim Townsend, Supervisor of Roads, Utilities, and Grounds Branch Eli Vee Pollak, and Purchasing Officer Kathryn Logsdon. Additionally, for their assistance on this project I would like to thank Linda Clarke and Jeff Richner, both from the Midwest Archeological Center in Lincoln, Nebraska. The field crew persevered through some varyingand extreme field conditions that included substantial rain, snow, and ice. Field and laboratory crew from Fever River Research included Terry Chesak, Scott Hewitt, Christopher Stratton, Brad Williams, and Floyd Mansberger. Artifacts were inventoried by Williams and M ansberger, and illustrations were digitized by Stephen Deweese. To all the above, thankyou. FM Removing ice to complete excavations (December 8, 2009). ii Table Of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgments ii Table of Contents iii Introduction 1 Historical Context 9 Previous Archaeological Research 52 Results of the Current Archaeological Investigations 79 Summary and Conclusions: Evolution of the Urban Landscape In Springfield, Illinois 109 References Cited 135 Appendices I. Dubois House HABS documents 142 II. O’Bright Field Notes (2007) 148 III. Artifact Illustrations 153 IV Lot Provenience 197 V. Lot Inventories 202 iii Introduction The Jesse Dubois House, which is a frame dwelling thought to have been constructed during the late-1850s, is located within the boundaries of the Lincoln Home National Historic Site at 519 South Eighth Street, Springfield, Illinois (Lot 12, Block 6, Elijah Iles’ Addition to the City of Springfield) (See Figures 1-4 for location of the Dubois Site).1 The extant Aitken Barn, which is an early twentieth century frame outbuilding located on the rear of the lot associated withthe Dubois House (see Figures 5 and6), was constructed on the location of an earlier—and much larger—frame outbuilding (or barn) at this location. The M aster Plan (National Park Service 1970) for the Lincoln Home National Historic Site states that recapturingthe historic scene between the two alleys will form the core of the Site’s historic zone. It further states that restoration of the historic zone will be on two levels: faithful restoration of existing historic structures and reconstruction. According to the M aster Plan, the reconstruction of primary buildings will be limited to the intersection at Eighth and Jackson Streets, with secondary structures such as outbuildings being reconstructed throughout the park’s historic zone in order to enhance the interpreted nineteenth century landscape. Over the past 20-plus years, the National Park Service has implemented an aggressive campaign to restore the historic structures within the park’s historic zone, and to enhance the visitor’s experience within the park. Archaeology has played a significant role in that process (cf. Osborn 2001 for a review of the archaeology conducted within the park). Both the Dubois House and Aitken Barn are considered contributing elements of the Lincoln Home National Register of Historic Places historic district. As noted by the National Park Service, The barn’s appearance, despite being built 60 years after the main 1860 focus date of the park, is sympathetic to a 1860s barn appearance and as such, contributes to the historic scene in the neighborhood. The park’s current Master Plan (1969) states that recapturing the historic scene between the two alleys will form the core of the Site’s historic zone. A new General M anagement Plan (draft 2008) has expanded the allowable features and structures of the historic zone to include rehabilitated buildings like the Aitken Barn (Data Recovery Plan 2009:1). Current capital development plans call for the rehabilitation of the Aitken Barn. This work will include substantial ground-disturbing activities that include the construction of a new foundation system and poured concrete floor for the structure. In accepting that the proposed construction activity would have an adverse effect on archaeological resources beneath the existing structure, and in accordance with a M emorandum of Agreement between the National 1 This addition to the original town plat ofSpringfield was platted in 1836 and was Iles’ first addition to the City of Springfield. Subsequently, Iles’ platted several new additions to the city. Each lot in this portion ofthe addition contained 40’ of frontage and was 152’ in depth to the alley in the rear. Previous archaeological investigations have identified the Jesse Dubois house lot as archaeological site 11SG1282. 1 Park Service and the Preservation Services Division of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, a Data Recovery Plan (DRP) wasprepared by the National Park Service. The DRP presented a program of scientific data recovery that was designed to mitigate the effect of the proposed construction activity on archaeological resources present beneath the Aitken Barn (Historic Structure No. 16). The archaeological fieldwork outlined in the DRP was conducted by Fever River Research (Springfield, Illinois) under contract with the Midwest Archeological Center (National Park Service, Lincoln, Nebraska). 2 Fieldwork was initiated on November 6th, 2009 and completed on January 22nd, 2010. This report summarizes the results of those archaeological investigations, and attempts to place the excavations conducted within the greater Lincoln Home National Historic Site into a landscape perspective/context. 2 Purchase Order P6530100922 Aitken Barn Data Recovery. 2 Lincoln Home National Historic Site Figure 1. Location of the Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois (Springfield West U.S.G.S. topographic map, 1998). 3 Figure 2. Location of the four-block Lincoln Home National Historic Site (outlined in red) within the City of Springfield, Sangamon Co., Ills. (Hall 1855). This is the first published map of the city of Springfield. The Lincoln Home neighborhood was located on the southeast side of the quickly expanding town. The central business district was arranged around the state capitol building (here outlined in green). 4 Aitken Barn Figure 3. Location of the Dubois House (HS -15)lot (outlined in red) and Aitken Barn (HS - 16) within the Lincoln Home National HistoricSite, Springfield, Illinois. 5 Figure 4. View of the four-block Lincoln Home neighborhood as it appeared on the 1867 Bird’s Eye View of Springfield, Illinois (Ruger 1867). The Lincoln Home, located at the northeast corner of Jackson and South Eighth Streets, is located immediately to the right of the number “29.” The Dubois House is located across Eighth Street to the west and south (here circled in red). 6 Figure 5. Two views of the Aitken barn prior to its relocation offits original foundations (NPS Photograph). Top: Looking westat the eastelevation. Bottom: Looking southeast at the northwest corner of the barn. 7 Figure 6. Two current views of the Dubois House, 2010. TOP: View of Dubois House looking northwest. BOTTOM: View of Shutt and Dubois Houses (Lots 9-12, as discussed in text). 8 Historical Context Extensive archival research regarding theDubois house and the landownership history of the property associated with this structure was previously conducted and presented within Edwin Bearss’ 1977 Historic Resource Study and Historic Structure Report—Historical Data Blocks 6 and 11, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Illinois (Bearss 1977). Bearss’ early work was expanded upon by Francis Krupka in his Historic Structures Report: Jesse Kilgore
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