Propuesta De Digitalización De Soportes Cinematográficos Subestándar Para Su Aplicación En Un Entorno De Archivo No Dedicado

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Propuesta De Digitalización De Soportes Cinematográficos Subestándar Para Su Aplicación En Un Entorno De Archivo No Dedicado -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Propuesta de digitalización de soportes cinematográficos subestándar para su aplicación en un entorno de archivo no dedicado. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sabrina Menéndez Máster gestión de contenidos digitales Universidad de Barcelona Tutor: Miquel Térmens Barcelona, junio 2012 Resumen ejecutivo Se propone un modelo para el desarrollo de un plan de digitalización de filmaciones cinematográficas domésticas o familiares enfocado a facilitar su difusión vía web que, por su amplitud y objetivos, está indicado para el tratamiento de colecciones pequeñas y medianas custodiadas en entornos de archivo no especializado en el ámbito audiovisual, pero lo suficientemente abierto para permitir su aplicación en todo tipo de instituciones. La propuesta parte de un acercamiento teórico a los soportes implicados en el proceso: película cinematográfica subestándar, es decir, el formato original en el que se presen- tan las colecciones de cine doméstico y familiar, caracterizado por el uso de películas de ancho inferior al estándar cinematográfico de 35mm, y vídeo digital, formato final de los contenidos generados tras un proyecto de digitalización. Además, se realiza un aná- lisis de diferentes proyectos de digitalización llevados a cabo por todo tipo de organiza- ciones, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, con especial atención a las iniciativas relacionadas con el cine doméstico, del que puede extraerse el estado de la situación actual y las tendencias en el tratamiento de estas colecciones. El modelo de plan de digitalización propuesto podrá servir como punto de partida para el diseño de un proyecto adaptado a las necesidades de cada institución. Para su aplica- ción, la institución deberá llevar a cabo un análisis interno y un estudio de la colección de partida, que permitirá determinar la viabilidad del proyecto y definir los objetivos que guiarán la toma de decisiones, tal y como se desarrolla en el apartado octavo, Defi- nición de necesidades y objetivos de la institución. El plan de digitalización que se desarrolla, se divide en tres fases que organizan las acti- vidades a llevar a cabo. En una primera fase, la pre-digitalización, se expone el conjunto de decisiones que de- berán ser adoptadas: el modelo de conversión de señal a emplear, el sistema de almace- namiento, los tipos de archivo y parámetros técnicos del material que se generará y el modelo de metadatos para la gestión de la colección. Aspectos que, en conjunto, defini- rán el plan de digitalización y que permitirá su posterior formalización en un calendario 2 de tareas a llevar a cabo y en un presupuesto de proyecto, tal y como se desarrolla al final del apartado. En la segunda fase, digitalización, se llevará a cabo la conversión de materiales para la obtención de los objetos digitales. La propuesta incluye un modelo de flujo de trabajo y de control de calidad de los materiales generados. En una última fase, post-digitalización, se proponen aspectos a tener en cuenta para la incorporación de los materiales a la colección y el inicio de su gestión. En cada una de las fases se detallan los pasos a seguir y se realizan propuestas específi- cas enfocadas a facilitar la toma de decisiones, a partir de recomendaciones internacio- nales y decisiones adoptadas por proyectos similares. 3 Índice 1 Introducción .............................................................................................................. 7 2 Objetivos .................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Alcance .......................................................................................................................... 14 3 Justificación ............................................................................................................. 15 4 Metodología ............................................................................................................. 19 5 Cine y vídeo digital ................................................................................................. 21 5.1 Consideraciones técnicas sobre formatos subestándar cinematográficos .............. 22 5.1.1 Paso ........................................................................................................................ 23 5.1.2 Base: Estabilidad y tratamiento .............................................................................. 27 5.1.3 Emulsión ................................................................................................................ 28 5.1.4 Proporción de aspecto (aspect ratio) ...................................................................... 29 5.1.5 Sonido .................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Consideraciones técnicas sobre la señal de vídeo ..................................................... 30 5.2.1 Sistemas de barrido ................................................................................................ 31 5.2.2 Resolución .............................................................................................................. 32 5.2.3 Imágenes por segundo (framerate) ........................................................................ 33 5.2.4 Proporción de aspecto (aspect ratio) ...................................................................... 33 5.2.5 Compresión ............................................................................................................ 34 5.2.6 Tasa de bits (bitrate) .............................................................................................. 36 5.2.7 Color ....................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.8 Sonido .................................................................................................................... 37 6 Panorama internacional en preservación audiovisual ........................................ 38 7 Proyectos de digitalización. Estudio de casos ....................................................... 43 7.1 Proyectos de digitalización en Estados Unidos ......................................................... 43 7.1.1 U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive .... 44 7.1.2 The Texas Moving Image Archive (TAMI) ............................................................ 47 7.1.3 The Home Movie Archive, Universidad de Massachusetts Lowell ........................ 50 7.1.4 Japanese American National Museum ................................................................... 53 7.1.5 Prelinger Archives .................................................................................................. 55 7.1.6 The Center for Home Movies ................................................................................. 56 7.1.7 Internet Archive ...................................................................................................... 58 4 7.1.8 Análisis de resultados. ............................................................................................ 60 7.2 Proyectos de digitalización en Europa ....................................................................... 61 7.2.1 UK. Scottish Screen Archive .................................................................................. 62 7.2.2 Italia. Archivio Nazionale del Film di Famiglia .................................................... 64 7.2.3 Análisis de resultados ............................................................................................. 67 7.3 Proyectos de digitalización en España ....................................................................... 67 7.3.1 Filmoteca Española ................................................................................................ 68 7.3.2 Filmoteca Vasca ..................................................................................................... 70 7.3.3 Filmoteca de Catalunya .......................................................................................... 72 7.3.4 Filmoteca canaria ................................................................................................... 75 7.3.5 Resto de filmotecas ................................................................................................ 77 7.3.6 Análisis de resultados ............................................................................................. 78 7.4 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................. 81 8 Definición de necesidades y objetivos de la institución ....................................... 83 8.1 Análisis de la institución .............................................................................................. 83 8.2 Estudio de recursos internos: equipo de trabajo y equipamiento técnico .............. 84 8.3 Estudio de la colección de partida .............................................................................. 88 8.3.1 Fuentes de información .......................................................................................... 88 8.3.2 Aspectos relativos a la obra .................................................................................... 89 8.3.3 Aspectos relativos al donante ................................................................................
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