Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

In 2016, Botswana made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government’s Orphan Care Program provided 29,828 orphans with meals and subsidized the cost of school. In addition, the Government continued its Stay-in-School Program, which trains teachers and social workers on how to talk to parents about the importance of education. However, children in Botswana perform dangerous tasks in cattle herding. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of minimum age for compulsory education and insufficient prohibitions for hazardous work. In addition, social programs do not always reach intended child labor victims, especially those engaged in domestic work and cattle herding.

I. PREVALENCE AND SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD LABOR Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Botswana perform dangerous tasks in cattle herding.(1-3) Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Botswana. Data on some of these indicators are not available from the sources used in this report.

Table 1. Statistics on Children’s Work and Education Children Age Percent

tŽƌŬŝŶŐ;йĂŶĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶͿ 5 to 14 Unavailable

ƩenĚinŐ ^ĐŚool ;йͿ 5 to 14 Unavailable

oŵbininŐ toƌŬ anĚ ^ĐŚool ;йͿ 5 to 14 Unavailable WƌiŵaƌLJ oŵƉleƟon Zate ;йͿ 99.7 ^ŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĐŽŵƉůĞƟŽŶƌĂƚĞ͗ĂƚĂĨƌŽŵϮϬϭϯ͕ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJhE^K/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ^ƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ͕ϮϬϭϲ͘;4Ϳ ĂƚĂǁĞƌĞƵŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨƌŽŵhŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐtŽƌŬWƌŽũĞĐƚ͛ƐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͕ϮϬϭϲ͘;5Ϳ Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children’s work by sector and activity. Table 2. Overview of Children’s Work by Sector and Activity Sector/Industry Activity ŐƌiĐƵltƵƌe &aƌŵinŐ͕ aĐƟviƟeƐ ƵnŬnoǁn ;3, 6, 7Ϳ ,eƌĚinŐ ĐaƩle ;1-3, 8-10Ϳ ^eƌviĐeƐ^tƌeet ǁoƌŬ, inĐlƵĚinŐ venĚinŐ ;1Ϳ oŵeƐƟĐ ǁoƌŬ ;1, 3, 9, 10Ϳ toƌŬ in inĨoƌŵal baƌƐ, aĐƟviƟeƐ ƵnŬnoǁn ;10Ϳ dƌƵĐŬ Ěƌiveƌ aƐƐiƐtanĐe, inĐlƵĚinŐ ƵnloaĚinŐ ŐooĚƐ ;11Ϳ toƌŬ oƵtƐiĚe ƐƵƉeƌŵaƌŬetƐ, inĐlƵĚinŐ ĐaƌƌLJinŐ baŐƐ Ĩoƌ ĐƵƐtoŵeƌƐ ;11Ϳ ateŐoƌiĐal toƌƐt &oƌŵƐ &oƌĐeĚ laboƌ in ŚeƌĚinŐ ĐaƩle anĚ ĚoŵeƐƟĐ ǁoƌŬ, eaĐŚ ƐoŵeƟŵeƐ aƐ a ƌeƐƵlt oĨ ŚƵŵan tƌaĸĐŬinŐ ;9, 10Ϳ ‡ oĨ ŚilĚ >aboƌ oŵŵeƌĐial ƐedžƵal edžƉloitaƟon, ƐoŵeƟŵeƐ aƐ a ƌeƐƵlt oĨ ŚƵŵan tƌaĸĐŬinŐ ;8, 10Ϳ ‡ ŚilĚ laboƌ ƵnĚeƌƐtooĚ aƐ tŚe ǁoƌƐt ĨoƌŵƐ oĨ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ ƉĞƌƐĞƵnĚeƌ ƌƟĐle 3;aͿʹ;ĐͿ oĨ />K . 18Ϯ. Children in Botswana are possibly trafficked within the country for commercial sexual exploitation along major highways by truck drivers.(10) Two NGOs reported that children are engaged in cattle herding in remote rural villages, especially among the San population.(2, 8) UNICEF data published in 2016 reported that 9 percent of children in Botswana are engaged in child labor.(12)

2016 FINDINGS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR 1 Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

Primary education is free, and poor families receive free meals, toiletries, and school uniforms.(6, 13) Secondary school costs between $38 and $43 per year; however, poor families may receive a tuition exemption.(13, 14) According to UNICEF, 16 percent of children of primary school age are not attending school.(12) The Government has yet to collect and publish child labor data ot inform policies and social programs.

II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR Botswana has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3). Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor Convention Ratification />K . 138, DiniŵƵŵ Őe

/>K . 18Ϯ, toƌƐt &oƌŵƐ oĨ ŚilĚ >aboƌ UE Z UE Z KƉƟonal WƌotoĐol on ƌŵeĚ onŇiĐt UE Z KƉƟonal WƌotoĐol on tŚe ^ale oĨ ŚilĚƌen, ŚilĚ WƌoƐƟtƵƟon anĚ ŚilĚ WoƌnoŐƌaƉŚLJ

Waleƌŵo WƌotoĐol on dƌaĸĐŬinŐ in WeƌƐonƐ

The Government has established laws and regulations related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 4). However, gaps xiste in Botswana’s legal framework to adequately protect children from child labor. Table 4. Laws and Regulations on Child Labor Meets International Standard Age Legislation Standards: Yes/No DiniŵƵŵ Őe Ĩoƌ toƌŬ No 15 ƌƟĐleƐ Ϯ anĚ 107 oĨ tŚe ŵƉloLJŵent Đt ;15Ϳ DiniŵƵŵ Őe Ĩoƌ ,anjaƌĚoƵƐ toƌŬ zeƐ 18 ƌƟĐleƐ Ϯ anĚ 110 oĨ tŚe ŵƉloLJŵent Đt ;15Ϳ /ĚenƟĮĐaƟon oĨ ,anjaƌĚoƵƐ zeƐƌƟĐleƐ Ϯ anĚ 108 oĨ tŚe ŵƉloLJŵent Đt͖ ^eĐƟon Ϯ4 oĨ tŚe KĐĐƵƉaƟonƐ oƌ ĐƟviƟeƐ WƌoŚibiteĚ ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ Đt ;15, 16Ϳ Ĩoƌ ŚilĚƌen WƌoŚibiƟon oĨ &oƌĐeĚ >aboƌzeƐƌƟĐleƐ Ϯ anĚ 71 oĨ tŚe ŵƉloLJŵent Đt͖ ƌƟĐleƐ 175 anĚ Ϯ6Ϯ oĨ tŚe Wenal oĚe͖ ^eĐƟon 114 oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ Đt͖ ƌƟĐleƐ 9 anĚ 10 oĨ tŚe nƟ-,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ Đt ;15-18Ϳ WƌoŚibiƟon oĨ ŚilĚ dƌaĸĐŬinŐzeƐƌƟĐle 175 oĨ tŚe Wenal oĚe͖ ^eĐƟon 114 oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ Đt͖ ƌƟĐleƐ 9 anĚ 10 oĨ tŚe nƟ-,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ Đt ;16-18Ϳ WƌoŚibiƟon oĨ oŵŵeƌĐial ^edžƵal zeƐ^eĐƟonƐ Ϯ5 anĚ 57ʹ59 oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ Đt ;16Ϳ džƉloitaƟon oĨ ŚilĚƌen WƌoŚibiƟon oĨ UƐinŐ ŚilĚƌen in /lliĐit zeƐ^eĐƟon 60 oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ Đt ;16Ϳ ĐƟviƟeƐ DiniŵƵŵ Őe Ĩoƌ DilitaƌLJ ZeĐƌƵitŵent ^tate oŵƉƵlƐoƌLJ N/A* ^tate solƵntaƌLJ zeƐ 18 ^eĐƟon 17 oĨ tŚe otƐǁana eĨenĐe &oƌĐe AĐt ;19Ϳ Non-Ɛtate oŵƉƵlƐoƌLJ zeƐ 18 ^eĐƟon Ϯ6;ϮͿ oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ AĐt ;16Ϳ oŵƉƵlƐoƌLJ ĚƵĐaƟon AŐeNo &ƌee WƵbliĐ ĚƵĐaƟon zeƐZeviƐeĚ NaƟonal WoliĐLJ in ĚƵĐaƟon, tŚite WaƉeƌ No. 1Ϯ oĨ 1994͖ ^eĐƟon 18 oĨ tŚe ŚilĚƌen͛Ɛ AĐt ;16, Ϯ0Ϳ * No ĐonƐĐƌiƉƟon ;Ϯ1Ϳ

2 BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR AFFAIRS Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

Under Botswanan law, children working without a contract do not benefit from minimum age protections. Although the Employment Act allows children at age 14 to conduct light work activities, the Government has yet to determine the types of light work activities permitted for children.(22) In addition, the Employment Act prohibits night work and hazardous underground work for children but fails to prohibit other types of hazardous work, including work with dangerous machinery, equipment, and tools.(15) Although the Government has made efforts to compile a comprehensive list of hazardous occupations in recent years, the list has yet to be approved.(23-25) III. ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR The Government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 5). However, gaps in labor law and criminal law enforcement remain and some enforcement information is not available. Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement Organization/Agency Role DiniƐtƌLJ oĨ >aboƌ anĚ ,oŵe nĨoƌĐe ĐŚilĚ laboƌ laǁƐ anĚ ƉoliĐieƐ. /n tŚe ĐaƐe oĨ tŚe oŵŵiƐƐioneƌ oĨ >aboƌ, aƵtŚoƌinjeĚ bLJ tŚe ŵƉloLJŵent AīaiƌƐ AĐt to ĐonĚƵĐt laboƌ inƐƉeĐƟonƐ.;6, 15, Ϯ3Ϳ &aĐilitate ĐooƌĚinaƟon ǁitŚ loĐal leaĚeƌƐ anĚ laǁ enĨoƌĐeŵent oĸĐeƌƐ͖ ƉoƐtƐ laboƌ inƐƉeĐtoƌƐ to iƐtƌiĐt oƵnĐil oĸĐeƐ to ĐaƌƌLJ oƵt tŚeiƌ ĚƵƟeƐ.;Ϯ6Ϳ iƐtƌiĐt anĚ DƵniĐiƉal nĨoƌĐe ĐŚilĚ laboƌ laǁƐ at tŚe loĐal levelƐ.;6Ϳ Det ƋƵaƌteƌlLJ ĚƵƌinŐ tŚe LJeaƌ.;Ϯ7Ϳ oƵnĐil ŚilĚ telĨaƌe iviƐionƐ otƐǁana WoliĐe ^eƌviĐe /nveƐƟŐate ĐaƐeƐ oĨ tŚe ǁoƌƐt ĨoƌŵƐ oĨ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ, inĐlƵĚinŐ ĐoŵŵeƌĐial ƐedžƵal edžƉloitaƟon oĨ ĐŚilĚƌen anĚ ĐŚilĚ tƌaĸĐŬinŐ.;3Ϳ DiniƐtƌLJ oĨ eĨenƐe, :ƵƐƟĐe, Donitoƌ ƐƵƐƉeĐteĚ ŚƵŵan tƌaĸĐŬinŐ ĐaƐeƐ anĚ leaĚ tŚe ,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ ;WƌoŚibiƟonͿ oŵŵiƩee.;Ϯ8, Ϯ9Ϳ anĚ ^eĐƵƌitLJ ;D:^Ϳ Labor Law Enforcement

In 2016, labor law enforcement agencies in Botswana took actions to combat child labor, including its worst forms (Table 6). Table 6. Labor Law Enforcement Efforts Related to Child Labor Overview of Labor Law Enforcement 2015 2016 >aboƌ /nƐƉeĐtoƌate &ƵnĚinŐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6ͿΨ46,000 ;30Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ >aboƌ /nƐƉeĐtoƌƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ 108 ;30Ϳ /nƐƉeĐtoƌate AƵtŚoƌinjeĚ to AƐƐeƐƐ WenalƟeƐ No ;3Ϳ No ;3Ϳ dƌaininŐ Ĩoƌ >aboƌ /nƐƉeĐtoƌƐ /niƟal dƌaininŐ Ĩoƌ Neǁ ŵƉloLJeeƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ dƌaininŐ on Neǁ >aǁƐ ZelateĚ to ŚilĚ >aboƌ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ ZeĨƌeƐŚeƌ oƵƌƐeƐ WƌoviĚeĚ No ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ >aboƌ /nƐƉeĐƟonƐϮ50Ώ ;Ϯ6Ϳ 4,999‡ ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ onĚƵĐteĚ at toƌŬƐite Ϯ50Ώ ;Ϯ6Ϳ 4,999‡ ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ onĚƵĐteĚ bLJ eƐŬ ZevieǁƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ ŚilĚ >aboƌ siolaƟonƐ &oƵnĚ 0 ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ ŚilĚ >aboƌ siolaƟonƐ Ĩoƌ tŚiĐŚ WenalƟeƐ teƌe /ŵƉoƐeĚ N/A ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ WenalƟeƐ /ŵƉoƐeĚ dŚat teƌe olleĐteĚ N/A ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ ZoƵƟne /nƐƉeĐƟonƐ onĚƵĐteĚzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ ZoƵƟne /nƐƉeĐƟonƐ daƌŐeteĚzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ UnannoƵnĐeĚ /nƐƉeĐƟonƐ WeƌŵiƩeĚzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ UnannoƵnĐeĚ /nƐƉeĐƟonƐ onĚƵĐteĚzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ oŵƉlaint DeĐŚaniƐŵ džiƐtƐzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ ZeĐiƉƌoĐal ZeĨeƌƌal DeĐŚaniƐŵ džiƐtƐ etǁeen >aboƌ AƵtŚoƌiƟeƐ anĚ ^oĐial ^eƌviĐeƐzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ * dŚe 'oveƌnŵent ĚoeƐ not ƉƵbliƐŚ tŚiƐ inĨoƌŵaƟon.

2016 FINDINGS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR 3 Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

Criminal Law Enforcement

In 2016, criminal law enforcement agencies in Botswana took actions to combat the worst forms of child labor (Table 7). Table 7. Criminal Law Enforcement Efforts Related to the Worst Forms of Child Labor Overview of Criminal Law Enforcement 2015 2016 dƌaininŐ Ĩoƌ /nveƐƟŐatoƌƐ /niƟal dƌaininŐ Ĩoƌ Neǁ ŵƉloLJeeƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ N/A ;3Ϳ dƌaininŐ on Neǁ >aǁƐ ZelateĚ to tŚe toƌƐt &oƌŵƐ oĨ ŚilĚ >aboƌzeƐ ;31ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ ZeĨƌeƐŚeƌ oƵƌƐeƐ WƌoviĚeĚzeƐ ;31ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ /nveƐƟŐaƟonƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ 9 ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ siolaƟonƐ &oƵnĚ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ 14 ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ WƌoƐeĐƵƟonƐ /niƟateĚ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ 14 ;3Ϳ NƵŵbeƌ oĨ onviĐƟonƐ UnŬnoǁn* ;Ϯ6Ϳ UnŬnoǁn ;3Ϳ ZeĐiƉƌoĐal ZeĨeƌƌal DeĐŚaniƐŵ džiƐtƐ etǁeen ƌiŵinal AƵtŚoƌiƟeƐ anĚ ^oĐial ^eƌviĐeƐzeƐ ;Ϯ6ͿzeƐ ;3Ϳ * dŚe 'oveƌnŵent ĚoeƐ not ƉƵbliƐŚ tŚiƐ inĨoƌŵaƟon.

In 2016, the Botswana Police Service launched an investigation into the sex worker population at the Kazungula border with Zambia and Zimbabwe for possible victims of human trafficking; no human trafficking cases were found.(29) The Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security (MDJS) contributed to training and workshops on human trafficking with religious groups, students, and recruitment agencies. In September, MDJS hosted a session at Materspei College to educate students about the dangers of human trafficking and methods that transnational criminals use to lure victims, including via cybercrime.(32) Reports indicate that police are sometimes insensitive when handling cases of violence against women and children and lack investigative training to identify, prosecute, and prevent human trafficking violations.(24, 28, 33) IV. COORDINATION OF GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR The Government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor, including its worst forms (Table 8). Table 8. Key Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor Coordinating Body Role & Description ,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ ;WƌoŚibiƟonͿ ƐtabliƐŚ a ƌeƉoƌƟnŐ anĚ ƌeĨeƌƌal ŵeĐŚaniƐŵ Ĩoƌ ĐŚilĚƌen ƐƵbũeĐteĚ to ŚƵŵan tƌaĸĐŬinŐ. ƌeateĚ bLJ tŚe oŵŵiƩee Ϯ014 AnƟ-,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ ill anĚ leĚ bLJ tŚe D:^.;1Ϳ Det ĚƵƌinŐ tŚe LJeaƌ to ĚeveloƉ a ĚƌaŌ ,Ƶŵan dƌaĸĐŬinŐ NaƟonal AĐƟon Wlan.;Ϯ9Ϳ AĚviƐoƌLJ oŵŵiƩee on ŚilĚ KveƌƐee ĐŚilĚ laboƌ iƐƐƵeƐ anĚ ƌeƉoƌt to tŚe 'oveƌnŵent tŚƌee to ĨoƵƌ ƟŵeƐ Ɖeƌ LJeaƌ. /nĐlƵĚeƐ >aboƌ ƌeƉƌeƐentaƟveƐ Ĩƌoŵ Őoveƌnŵent aŐenĐieƐ, vaƌioƵƐ N'KƐ, ǁoƌŬeƌ ĨeĚeƌaƟonƐ, anĚ eŵƉloLJeƌ oƌŐaninjaƟonƐ.;3, 11, Ϯ3Ϳ ŚilĚ >aboƌ oŵŵiƩeeƐ/ĚenƟĨLJ ĐŚilĚ laboƌeƌƐ at tŚe villaŐe level. /nĐlƵĚeƐ ƐoĐial ǁoƌŬeƌƐ͖ ƐĐŚool teaĐŚeƌƐ͖ ŵeŵbeƌƐ oĨ tŚe sillaŐe eveloƉŵent oŵŵiƩeeƐ, ǁŚiĐŚ aƌe loĐal Őoveƌnŵent ƐtƌƵĐtƵƌeƐ͖ laboƌ inƐƉeĐtoƌƐ͖ anĚ ĐoŵŵƵnitLJ leaĚeƌƐ, inĐlƵĚinŐ ĐŚieĨƐ anĚ ƉƌieƐtƐ.;3, 13Ϳ V. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR The Government has established policies related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 9). Table 9. Key Policies Related to Child Labor‡ Policy Description NaƟonal AĐƟon Wlan on tŚe KƵtlineƐ tŚe 'oveƌnŵent͛Ɛ Ɖlan to aĚĚƌeƐƐ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ tŚƌoƵŐŚ leŐiƐlaƟon anĚ ƉoliĐLJ anĚ inĐlƵĚeƐ liŵinaƟon oĨ tŚe toƌƐt aboƌ anĚ iŵƉleŵenteƌƐ.;1Ϳ DiniƐtƌLJ oĨ >aboƌ anĚ ,oŵe AīaiƌƐ AiŵƐ to inĐoƌƉoƌate aĚĚƌeƐƐinŐ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ iƐƐƵeƐ into tŚe ƌeŐƵlaƌ ĚƵƟeƐ oĨ laboƌ inƐƉeĐtoƌƐ. allƐ on ^ƵƐtainabilitLJ Wlan loĐal leaĚeƌƐ anĚ volƵnteeƌƐ to iĚenƟĨLJ anĚ ƌeĨeƌ ĐaƐeƐ oĨ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ to ƐoĐial ǁoƌŬeƌƐ anĚ ƐĐŚool teaĐŚeƌƐ to ŵonitoƌ aƩenĚanĐe anĚ Ɖƌoŵote ƌetenƟon.;34Ϳ

4 BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR AFFAIRS Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

Table 9. Key Policies Related to Child Labor‡ (cont) Policy Description DiniƐtƌLJ anĚ eƉaƌtŵent AĐƟon /nĐlƵĚeƐ ƉlanƐ to aĚĚƌeƐƐ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ tŚƌoƵŐŚ tŚe DiniƐtƌLJ oĨ ĚƵĐaƟon, tŚe DiniƐtƌLJ oĨ 'enĚeƌ WlanƐ anĚ ŚilĚ telĨaƌe, tŚe eƉaƌtŵent oĨ ^oĐial ^eƌviĐeƐ, anĚ tŚe WoliĐe.;35Ϳ ontainƐ iŵƉleŵentaƟon ƐtƌateŐieƐ tŚat aiŵ to iŵƉƌove tŚe ƐaĨetLJ anĚ ƉƌoteĐƟon oĨ ĐŚilĚƌen anĚ to iĚenƟĨLJ anĚ ŚelƉ vƵlneƌable ĐŚilĚƌen in neeĚ.;35Ϳ ‡ dŚe 'oveƌnŵent ŚaĚ otŚeƌ ƉoliĐieƐ tŚat ŵaLJ Śave aĚĚƌeƐƐeĚ ĐŚilĚ laboƌ iƐƐƵeƐ oƌ ŚaĚ an iŵƉaĐt on ĐŚilĚ laboƌ.;36, 37Ϳ

Child labor elimination and prevention strategies are not included in the following policies: National Plan of Action for Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Botswana National Youth Policy, and National Action Plan for Youth.(13, 38-40) In December, the Government approved spending under National Development Plan 11 to address human trafficking by setting up mechanisms to protect the interests of witnesses and victims.(41) VI. SOCIAL PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS CHILD LABOR In 2016, the Government funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor, including its worst forms (Table 10). Table 10. Key Social Programs to Address Child Labor‡ Program Description 'oveƌnŵent-&ƵnĚeĚ N'K-ƌƵn ƐŚelteƌƐ, ǁitŚ ĮnanĐial ƐƵƉƉoƌt Ĩƌoŵ tŚe 'oveƌnŵent, tŚat ĐateƌƐ to ŚƵŵan tƌaĸĐŬinŐ viĐƟŵƐ, inĐlƵĚinŐ WƌoŐƌaŵƐ to oŵbat ĐŚilĚƌen. dŚe aboƌΏ Đaƌe to ĨoƵƌ ŐiƌlƐ ǁŚo ǁeƌe viĐƟŵƐ oĨ ĐoŵŵeƌĐial ƐedžƵal edžƉloitaƟon. ^taLJ-in-^ĐŚool WƌoŐƌaŵ tƌainƐ teaĐŚeƌƐ anĚ ƐoĐial ǁoƌŬeƌƐ to ĐoŵŵƵniĐate ǁitŚ ƉaƌentƐ aboƵt tŚe iŵƉoƌtanĐe oĨ eĚƵĐaƟon. NaƟonal ^ĐŚool &eeĚinŐ WƌoŐƌaŵ ĨoĐƵƐeƐ on ƉƌoviĚinŐ ŵealƐ to ĐŚilĚƌen ;ŐƌaĚeƐ 1ʹ7Ϳ in all ƉƵbliĐ ƉƌiŵaƌLJ ƐĐŚoolƐ in tŚe ĐoƵntƌLJ, ƐeƌvinŐ oveƌ 330,000 ƐĐŚool ĐŚilĚƌen anĚ Zeŵote Aƌea ǁelleƌ WƌoŐƌaŵ ƉƌoviĚeƐ a ƐeĐonĚ ŵeal to ƐĐŚoolĐŚilĚƌen in ƌeŵote, ŵaƌŐinalinjeĚ ĐoŵŵƵniƟeƐ. KƌƉŚan aƌe WƌoŐƌaŵ ƉƌoviĚeƐ oƌƉŚanƐ ǁitŚ ŵealƐ anĚ ƐƵbƐiĚinjeƐ tŚe ĐoƐt oĨ ƐĐŚool ĨeeƐ anĚ tƌanƐƉoƌtaƟon ĐoƐtƐ. /n Ϯ016, WƌeƐiĚent <Śaŵa ƐaiĚ Ϯ9,8Ϯ8 oƌƉŚanƐ ƌeĐeiveĚ aiĚ ŵontŚlLJ ƵnĚeƌ tŚe program.(6, Ϯ9, 4ϮͿ Ώ Wrogram iƐ ĨƵnĚeĚ bLJ tŚe 'overnment oĨ otƐǁana. ‡ dŚe 'overnment ŚaĚ otŚer ƐoĐial programƐ tŚat maLJ Śave inĐlƵĚeĚ tŚe goal oĨ eliminaƟng or prevenƟng ĐŚilĚ labor, inĐlƵĚing itƐ ǁorƐt ĨormƐ.(43-45Ϳ

Although Botswana has programs that target child labor, the scope of these programs does not always reach the intended targets, especially in domestic work and cattle herding in which children have been found working. VII. SUGGESTED GOVERNMENT ACTIONS TO ELIMINATE THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor, including its worst forms, in Botswana (Table 11). Table 11. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor, Including its Worst Forms Area Suggested Action Year(s) Suggested >egal &rameǁorŬnƐƵre tŚat tŚe laǁ͛Ɛ ligŚt ǁorŬ proviƐionƐ are ƐpeĐiĮĐ enoƵgŚ to prevent ĐŚilĚren Ĩrom Ϯ016 involvement in ĐŚilĚ labor. nƐƵre tŚat tŚe laǁ proŚibitƐ ŚanjarĚoƵƐ ǁorŬ Ĩor ĐŚilĚren LJoƵnger tŚan age 18 in all Ϯ009 ʹ Ϯ016 relevant ƐeĐtorƐ, inĐlƵĚing in agriĐƵltƵre. nƐƵre tŚat tŚe laǁ͛Ɛ minimƵm age proteĐƟonƐ applLJ to ĐŚilĚren ǁorŬing ǁitŚoƵt a Ϯ010 ʹ Ϯ016 ĐontraĐt. ƐtabliƐŚ a ĐompƵlƐorLJ eĚƵĐaƟon age eƋƵal to or ŚigŚer tŚan tŚe minimƵm age oĨ Ϯ010 ʹ Ϯ016 employment. nĨorĐement WƵbliƐŚ inĨormaƟon aboƵt tŚe labor inƐpeĐtorate͛Ɛ training oĨ labor inƐpeĐtorƐ on ĐŚilĚ Ϯ016 labor iƐƐƵeƐ, tŚe amoƵnt oĨ labor violaƟonƐ ĨoƵnĚ anĚ penalƟeƐ impoƐeĚ, anĚ tŚe nƵmber oĨ ĐonviĐƟonƐ relateĚ to tŚe ǁorƐt ĨormƐ oĨ ĐŚilĚ labor. AƵtŚorinje labor inƐpeĐtorƐ to aƐƐeƐƐ penalƟeƐ Ĩor ĐŚilĚ labor violaƟonƐ. Ϯ016 'overnment WoliĐieƐ/ntegrate ĐŚilĚ labor eliminaƟon anĚ prevenƟon ƐtrategieƐ into tŚe edžiƐƟng yoƵtŚ poliĐieƐ. Ϯ011 ʹ Ϯ016

2016 FINDINGS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR 5 Botswana MODERATE ADVANCEMENT

Table 11. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor, Including its Worst Forms (cont) Area Suggested Action Year(s) Suggested ^oĐial WrogramƐolleĐt anĚ pƵbliƐŚ Ěata on ĐŚilĚ labor, inĐlƵĚing itƐ ǁorƐt ĨormƐ, to inĨorm poliĐieƐ anĚ Ϯ013 ʹ Ϯ016 programƐ. evelop programƐ to aĚĚreƐƐ ĐŚilĚ labor in ĚomeƐƟĐ ǁorŬ anĚ ĐaƩle ŚerĚing. Ϯ01Ϯ ʹ Ϯ016

REFERENCES of child soldiers. London; 2012; http://www.child-soldiers.org/user_uploads/pdf/ appendix2datasummarytableonrecruitmentagesofnationalarmies9687452.pdf. 1. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, January 21, 2015. 22. ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request Concerning Minimum 2. Humana People to People official. Interview with USDOL consultant. September Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Botswana (ratification: 1997) Published: 2015; 23, 2015. accessed November 11, 2015; http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:131 3. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, January 23, 2017. 00:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID:3180120:NO. 4. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary 23. U.S. Embassy- Gaborone. reporting, January 31, 2013. education, both sexes (%). Accessed December 16, 2016; http://data.uis.unesco. 24. U.S. Embassy Gaborone official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. org/. 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U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, February 23, 2016. percent, due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school 27. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. late/early and/or repeat grades. For more information, please see “Children’s April 29, 2016. Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the Reference 28. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, February 21, 2012. Materials section of this report. 29. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, March 10, 2017. 5. UCW. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Analysis received December 15, 2016. 30. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, March 1, 2017. Reliable statistical data on the worst forms of child labor are especially difficult 31. Ministry of Defense Justice and Security official. Interview with USDOL to collect given the often hidden or illegal nature of the worst forms. As a result, consultant. September 23, 2015. statistics on children’s work in general are reported in this chart, which may or 32. Mathala, S. “Human trafficking raises red flags.” mmegi.bw [online] may not include the worst forms of child labor. For more information, please October 14, 2016 [cited January 10, 2017]; http://www.mmegi.bw/index. see “Children’s Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions” in the php?aid=63836&dir=2016/october/14. Reference Materials section of this report. 33. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, February 15, 2013. 6. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone. reporting, January 17, 2014. 34. ILO-IPEC. Botswana, Namibia and South Africa (TECL II) April 2012. Technical 7. Mosinyi, T. “Botswana: Child Labour Illegal.” allafrica.com [online] September Progress Report. Geneva; 2012. 22, 2015 [cited October 26, 2016]; http://allafrica.com/stories/201509230058. 35. ILO-IPEC. TECL- (Phase II) TPR-October 2011. Technical Progress Report. html. Geneva; 2011. 8. Botswana NGO official. Interview with USDOL consultant. September 23, 36. Government of Botswana and the United Nations System in Botswana. United 2015. Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2016 Botswana. Gabarone; 9. U.S. Department of State. “Botswana,” in Country Reports on Human Rights March 2009. http://botswana.unfpa.org/drive/BotswanaUNDAF(2010-2016). Practices- 2015. Washington, DC; April 13, 2016; http://www.state.gov/ pdf. documents/organization/252865.pdf. 37. Government of Botswana. Vision 2016 Booklet: A Framework for a Long Term 10. U.S. Department of State. “Botswana,” in Trafficking in Persons Report- Vision for Botswana. Botswana Vision 2016 Council, [online]. Gabarone; March 2016. Washington, DC; June 30, 2016; http://www.state.gov/documents/ 7, 2011. http://www.vision2016.co.bw/vision-publications.php?flag=pub. organization/258878.pdf. 38. Government of Botswana, Ministry of Labor and Home Affairs. National Youth 11. 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Decent Work Country Programmes, [online] February 15, 2016 [cited April 19. Government of Botswana. Botswana Defence Force, No. 23, enacted 1977. http:// 6, 2016]; http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/program/dwcp/countries/ www.elaws.gov.bw/law.php?id=883. index.htm. 20. U.S. Embassy-Gaborone official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. 45. Government of Botswana. Decent Work Country Programme for Botswana 2011 April 13, 2015. to 2015. Gabarone; February 2011. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/ program/dwcp/download/botswana.pdf. 21. Child Soldiers International. “Appendix II: Data Summary on Recruitment Ages of National Armies,” in Louder than words: An agenda for action to end state use

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