CBSE 12 & IIT-JEE Chem Survival Guide-Bonds & Structure by Prof
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Periodic Table and Bonding Notes 2
Periodic Table and Bonding 1. Handout: Periodic Table and Bonding Notes 2. Periodic Properties and the Development of the Periodic Table 1. The first periodic table was arranged by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869. 1. He was a professor of Chemistry. at the University of St. Petersburg in Russia and was confronted with the problem of how to teach about the various elements known at that time. He decided to organized the elements by arranging them into groups that reacted similarly. 2. He also noticed that various properties would repeat "periodically" so he arranged a table of elements order of atomic mass such that properties would change regularly if you moved across a row while maintaining groups with similar chemical properties in a column. 3. Go to: http://www.periodic.lanl.gov/mendeleev.htm to see a version of Mendeleev's first table. 2. Groups with similar properties 1. All the elements in a group (or column) are called families. 2. Group 8: The Noble Gases, don't react with other elements. 3. Group 1: The Alkali Earth Metals, all react with water in the following manner 2 Li + H2O ---> H2 + 2 LiOH 2 Na + H2O ---> H2 + 2 NaOH ... 2 Fr + H2O ---> H2 + 2 FrOH page 1 4. These are just a few examples of how Mendeleev organized the columns or families. 3. Periodic Properties 1. As you move across a row various properties change regularly click on the images below to see a visualization of the various properties. All of these images are from www.webelements.com, one of the best periodic table sites on the web. -
Clusters – Contemporary Insight in Structure and Bonding 174 Structure and Bonding
Structure and Bonding 174 Series Editor: D.M.P. Mingos Stefanie Dehnen Editor Clusters – Contemporary Insight in Structure and Bonding 174 Structure and Bonding Series Editor: D.M.P. Mingos, Oxford, United Kingdom Editorial Board: X. Duan, Beijing, China L.H. Gade, Heidelberg, Germany Y. Lu, Urbana, IL, USA F. Neese, Mulheim€ an der Ruhr, Germany J.P. Pariente, Madrid, Spain S. Schneider, Gottingen,€ Germany D. Stalke, Go¨ttingen, Germany Aims and Scope Structure and Bonding is a publication which uniquely bridges the journal and book format. Organized into topical volumes, the series publishes in depth and critical reviews on all topics concerning structure and bonding. With over 50 years of history, the series has developed from covering theoretical methods for simple molecules to more complex systems. Topics addressed in the series now include the design and engineering of molecular solids such as molecular machines, surfaces, two dimensional materials, metal clusters and supramolecular species based either on complementary hydrogen bonding networks or metal coordination centers in metal-organic framework mate- rials (MOFs). Also of interest is the study of reaction coordinates of organometallic transformations and catalytic processes, and the electronic properties of metal ions involved in important biochemical enzymatic reactions. Volumes on physical and spectroscopic techniques used to provide insights into structural and bonding problems, as well as experimental studies associated with the development of bonding models, reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant for the series. Structure and Bonding is able to contribute to the challenges of communicating the enormous amount of data now produced in contemporary research by producing volumes which summarize important developments in selected areas of current interest and provide the conceptual framework necessary to use and interpret mega- databases. -
Topological Analysis of the Metal-Metal Bond: a Tutorial Review Christine Lepetit, Pierre Fau, Katia Fajerwerg, Myrtil L
Topological analysis of the metal-metal bond: A tutorial review Christine Lepetit, Pierre Fau, Katia Fajerwerg, Myrtil L. Kahn, Bernard Silvi To cite this version: Christine Lepetit, Pierre Fau, Katia Fajerwerg, Myrtil L. Kahn, Bernard Silvi. Topological analysis of the metal-metal bond: A tutorial review. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Elsevier, 2017, 345, pp.150-181. 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.009. hal-01540328 HAL Id: hal-01540328 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01540328 Submitted on 16 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Topological analysis of the metal-metal bond: a tutorial review Christine Lepetita,b, Pierre Faua,b, Katia Fajerwerga,b, MyrtilL. Kahn a,b, Bernard Silvic,∗ aCNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. bUniversité de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, i France cSorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, case courrier 137, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France Abstract This contribution explains how the topological methods of analysis of the electron density and related functions such as the electron localization function (ELF) and the electron localizability indicator (ELI-D) enable the theoretical characterization of various metal-metal (M-M) bonds (multiple M-M bonds, dative M-M bonds). -
Computational Studies of Three Chemical Systems
Computational Studies of Three Chemical Systems _______________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by Haunani Thomas Prof. Carol A. Deakyne, Dissertation Supervisor December 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF THREE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS Presented by Haunani Thomas, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy of Chemistry, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Carol Deakyne (Chair) Professor John Adams (Member) Professor Michael Greenlief (Member) Professor Giovanni Vignale (Outside Member) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am forever indebted to my dissertation supervisor, Professor Carol Deakyne, for her guidance and support. She has been an excellent and patient mentor through the graduate school process, always mindful of the practical necessities of my progress, introducing me to the field of Chemistry, and allowing me to advance professionally through attendance and presentations at ACS meetings. I am fully aware that, in this respect, not all graduate students are as fortunate as I have been. I am also grateful to Professor John Adams for all his support and teaching throughout my graduate career. I am appreciative of my entire committee, Professor Deakyne, Professor Adams, Professor Michael Greenlief, and Professor Giovanni Vignale, for their sound advice, patience, and flexibility. I would also like to thank my experimental collaborators and their groups, Professor Joel Liebman of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Professor Michael Van Stip Donk of Wichita State University, and Professor Jerry Atwood of the University of Missouri – Columbia. -
A Textbook Chapter on Solubility Characteristics and the Precipitation of Asphaltenes
The Chemistry of Alberta Oil Sands, Bitumens and Heavy Oils Otto P. Strausz Elizabeth M. Lown Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Alberta University of Alberta The Alberta Energy Research Institute and Her Majes.ty the Queen in right of Alberta make no warranty, express or implied-, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, contained in this publication, nor that use thereof will not infringe on -privately owned ights. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein, do not necessarily reflect 'those of'the Alberta Energy Research Institute or'Her Majesty the Queen in. right of Alberta, The Government of Alberta, its officers, employees, agents, and consultants are exempted, excluded and absolved from all liability for damage or 'injury, howsoever caused, to any person in connection with or arising out of'the use by that person for any purpose -ofthis publication or its contents. Copyright © Dr. Otto Strausz 2003 ISBN 0778530965 Published by: Alberta Energy 'Research 'Institute ~"~'*~'"~ Suite 2540, Monenco Place 801 6th Avenue S.W Calgary Alberta, Canada T2P 3W2 www.aeri.ab.ca Contents Introduction . ............ ....................... ................................... 1 Bibliography.................... .................................... ............. 7 1. The Origin of Petroleum! ............................. ......... 9 1.0 Gen'esis of Petroleum ................................................. 12 2.0 Migration and Accumulation -
1 5. Chemical Bonding
5. Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model 5.1 The Covalent Bond Model Almost all chemical substances are found as aggregates of atoms in the form of molecules and ions produced through the reactions of various atoms of elements except the noble-gas elements which are stable mono-atomic gases. Chemical bond is a term that describes the attractive force that is holding the atoms of the same or different kind of atoms in forming a molecule or ionic solid that has more stability than the individual atoms. Depending on the kinds of atoms participating in the interaction there seem to be three types of bonding: Gaining or Losing Electrons: Ionic bonding: Formed between many ions formed by metal and nonmetallic elements. Sharing Electrons: Covalent bonding: sharing of electrons between two atoms of non-metals. Metallic Bonding: sharing of electrons between many atoms of metals. Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Metallic Compounds 1. Metal and non-meal Non-metal and non-meal Metal of one type or, element combinations. elements combinations. combinations of two or metal elements combinations. 2. High melting brittle Gases, liquids, or waxy, low Conducting, high melting, crystalline solids. melting soft solids. malleable, ductile crystalline solids. 3. Do not conduct as a solid Do not conduct electricity at Conduct electricity at solid but conducts electricity any state. and molten states. when molten. 4. Dissolved in water produce Most are soluble in non-polar Insoluble in any type of conducting solutions solvents and few in water. solvents. (electrolytes) and few These solutions are non- are soluble in non-polar conducting (non- solvents. -
Intermolecular Forces and Solutions Chapter 7 Forces • Intra-Molecular Forces: Forces Within the Molecule
Intermolecular forces and Solutions Chapter 7 Forces • Intra-molecular forces: Forces within the molecule. Generally stronger. Examples: Ionic, polar covalent and non-polar covalent bonds. • Inter-molecular forces: Generally weaker. Examples: dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding. • Where do we see the effects of intermolecular forces? • They are the attraction that holds water into its liquid and solid shape. • They are the forces that give water it's surface tension. • They are the forces that break when going from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas. The type of molecule/ion determines the type of intermolecular force. Types of intermolecular forces • Ion-dipole (between ions and polar molecules) • dipole-dipole (between 2 polar molecules) • dipole-induced dipole (between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecules) • induced dipole - induced dipole (between 2 non- polar molecules) Water uses ion-dipole forces to dissolve salts HCl uses Dipole-Dipole Forces Hydrogen Bonding • A particularly strong example of dipole-dipole. • Occurs when there is an OH, NH or FH bond. H is very small and O N and F are very electronegative. Conditions for Hydrogen Bonding • Two important conditions must be met for hydrogen bonding to occur: o One molecule has a hydrogen atom attached by a covalent bond to an atom of N, O, or F. o The other molecule has an N, O, or F atom. Dipole-induced dipole induced dipole - induced dipole (also called London Forces) Larger molecules have more attractions What will be the intermolecular force in a pure substance? Factors that change boiling points • Type of Intermolecular Forces – The stronger the force, the higher the b.p. -
คม 331 เคมีอนินทรีย์1 ปีการศึกษา 1-2561
Chemical Bondings คม 331 เคมีอนินทรีย์ 1 ปีการศึกษา 1-2561 1. บทน า พันธะเคมี (Chemical Bondings) • พันธะเคมี → แรงดึงดูดระหว่างอะตอม โมเลกุล หรือไอออน ท าให้มีความเสถียรเพิ่มขึ้นกว่าเมื่อ อยู่เป็นอะตอม โมเลกุล หรือไอออนเดี่ยวๆ - หัวข้อ • พันธะเคมีเกิดจากการใช้อิเล็กตรอนวงนอก (valence e ) ได้แก่ (1) การให้-รับ valence e- หรือ (2) การใช้ valence e- ร่วมกันระหว่างคู่ที่เกิดพันธะ 1. บทน า 5. เรโซแนนซ์ • พันธะระหว่างอะตอมหรือไอออน มีความแข็งแรงมากกว่าพันธะระหว่างโมเลกุล 2. ประเภทของพันธะเคมี 6. ประจุฟอร์มอล • พันธะเคมี เป็นแรงดึงดูดที่แข็งแรงกว่าแรงทางเคมี 3. แรงระหว่างโมเลกุล 7. กฎ 18 อิเล็กตรอน • พันธะเคมีระหว่างอะตอมหรือไอออน ได้แก่ พันธะไอออนิก พันธะโควาเลนต์ และพันธะโลหะ 4. ทฤษฎีพันธะเคมี 8. พันธะ 3 อะตอม 2 อิเล็กตรอน → เกี่ยวข้องกับสมบัติทางเคมีหรือปฏิกิริยาเคมีของธาตุหรือสารประกอบ • พันธะระหว่างโมเลกุล ได้แก่ พันธะไฮโดรเจนและแรงแวนเดอร์วาลส์ → เกี่ยวข้องกับสมบัติ ทางกายภาพของสารมากกว่าสมบัติทางเคมี เนื้อหาบรรยาย รายวิชา คม 331 เคมีอนินทรีย์ 1 เนื้อหาบรรยาย รายวิชา คม 331 เคมีอนินทรีย์ 1 http://www.chemistry.mju.ac.th/wtms_documentAdminPage.aspx?bID=4093 อ.ดร.เพชรลดา กันทาดี อ.ดร.เพชรลดา กันทาดี 2 พันธะเคมี อาจารย์ ดร.เพชรลดา กันทาดี 1 Chemical Bondings Chemical Bondings 1. บทน า 2. ประเภทของพันธะเคมี • พันธะเคมีระหว่างอะตอม → ระยะระหว่างสองอะตอมจะต้องไม่ไกลเกินไปจนนิวเคลียสของ 1. พันธะไอออนิก (Ionic bond) สองอะตอมไม่ดึงดูดกัน และไม่ใกล้เกินไปจนเกิดแรงผลักระหว่างอิเล็กตรอนของสองนิวเคลียส - บางครั้งเรียกว่า พันธะอิเล็กโทรเวเลนซ์ (electrovalence bond) หรือพันธะ → ระยะที่เหมาะสมนี้ เรียกว่า ความยาวพันธะ ไฟฟ้าสถิตย์ (electrostatic bond) -
Competition of Van Der Waals and Chemical Forces on Gold–Sulfur Surfaces and Nanoparticles
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 01, 2021 Competition of van der Waals and chemical forces on gold–sulfur surfaces and nanoparticles Reimers, Jeffrey R.; Ford, Michael J.; Marcuccio, Sebastian M.; Ulstrup, Jens; Hush, Noel S. Published in: Nature Reviews. Chemistry Link to article, DOI: 10.1038/s41570-0017 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Reimers, J. R., Ford, M. J., Marcuccio, S. M., Ulstrup, J., & Hush, N. S. (2017). Competition of van der Waals and chemical forces on gold–sulfur surfaces and nanoparticles. Nature Reviews. Chemistry, 1(2), [0017]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-0017 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. REVIEW ARTICLE: Competition of van der Waals and chemical forces on gold-sulfur surfaces and nanoparticles Jeffrey R. Reimers1,2, Michael J. Ford2, Sebastian M. Marcuccio3,4, Jens Ulstrup5, and Noel S. -
A New Way for Probing Bond Strength J
A New Way for Probing Bond Strength J. Klein, H. Khartabil, J.C. Boisson, J. Contreras-Garcia, Jean-Philip Piquemal, E. Henon To cite this version: J. Klein, H. Khartabil, J.C. Boisson, J. Contreras-Garcia, Jean-Philip Piquemal, et al.. A New Way for Probing Bond Strength. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, American Chemical Society, 2020, 124 (9), pp.1850-1860. 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09845. hal-02377737 HAL Id: hal-02377737 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02377737 Submitted on 27 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A New Way for Probing Bond Strength Johanna Klein,y Hassan Khartabil,y Jean-Charles Boisson,z Julia Contreras-Garc´ıa,{ Jean-Philip Piquemal,{ and Eric H´enon∗,y yInstitut de Chimie Mol´eculaire de Reims UMR CNRS 7312, Universit´ede Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse 51687 Reims Cedex 02 BP39 (France) zCReSTIC EA 3804, Universit´ede Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse 51687 Reims Cedex 02 BP39 (France) {Sorbonne Universit´es,UPMC, Laboratoire de Chimie Th´eoriqueand UMR CNRS 7616, 4 Pl Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05(France) E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +33(3)26918497 1 Abstract The covalent chemical bond is intimately linked to electron sharing between atoms. -
Starter for Ten 3
Learn Chemistry Starter for Ten 3. Bonding Developed by Dr Kristy Turner, RSC School Teacher Fellow 2011-2012 at the University of Manchester, and Dr Catherine Smith, RSC School Teacher Fellow 2011-2012 at the University of Leicester This resource was produced as part of the National HE STEM Programme www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry Registered Charity Number 207890 3. BONDING 3.1. The nature of chemical bonds 3.1.1. Covalent dot and cross 3.1.2. Ionic dot and cross 3.1.3. Which type of chemical bond 3.1.4. Bonding summary 3.2. Covalent bonding 3.2.1. Co-ordinate bonding 3.2.2. Electronegativity and polarity 3.2.3. Intermolecular forces 3.2.4. Shapes of molecules 3.3. Properties and bonding Bonding answers 3.1.1. Covalent dot and cross Draw dot and cross diagrams to illustrate the bonding in the following covalent compounds. If you wish you need only draw the outer shell electrons; (2 marks for each correct diagram) 1. Water, H2O 2. Carbon dioxide, CO2 3. Ethyne, C2H2 4. Phosphoryl chloride, POCl3 5. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 Bonding 3.1.1. 3.1.2. Ionic dot and cross Draw dot and cross diagrams to illustrate the bonding in the following ionic compounds. (2 marks for each correct diagram) 1. Lithium fluoride, LiF 2. Magnesium chloride, MgCl2 3. Magnesium oxide, MgO 4. Lithium hydroxide, LiOH 5. Sodium cyanide, NaCN Bonding 3.1.2. 3.1.3. Which type of chemical bond There are three types of strong chemical bonds; ionic, covalent and metallic. -
Searching Coordination Compounds
CAS ONLINEB Available on STN Internationalm The Scientific & Technical Information Network SEARCHING COORDINATION COMPOUNDS December 1986 Chemical Abstracts Service A Division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road P.O. Box 3012 Columbus, OH 43210 Copyright O 1986 American Chemical Society Quoting or copying of material from this publication for educational purposes is encouraged. providing acknowledgment is made of the source of such material. SEARCHING COORDINATION COMPOUNDS prepared by Adrienne W. Kozlowski Professor of Chemistry Central Connecticut State University while on sabbatical leave as a Visiting Educator, Chemical Abstracts Service Table of Contents Topic PKEFACE ............................s.~........................ 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SEARCHING IN CAS ONLINE ............... 1 What is Substructure Searching? ............................... 1 The Basic Commands .............................................. 2 CHAPTEK 2: INTKOOUCTION TO COORDINATION COPPOUNDS ................ 5 Definitions and Terminology ..................................... 5 Ligand Characteristics.......................................... 6 Metal Characteristics .................................... ... 8 CHAPTEK 3: STKUCTUKING AND REGISTKATION POLICIES FOR COORDINATION COMPOUNDS .............................................11 Policies for Structuring Coordination Compounds ................. Ligands .................................................... Ligand Structures........................................... Metal-Ligand