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Safe and Friendly Cities for All

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Safe and Friendly Cities for All SAFE AND FRIENDLY CITIES FOR ALL Baseline Survey: Safety and Security Baseline Study: in Beirut City Safety and Security in Beirut City 22/05/2013 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ACRONYMS 3 FORWARD 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 SECTION ONE TARIK EL JEDIDE: SABRA AND TAMLEES NEIGHBORHOODS P.14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 16 I. Project Background 16 II. About Makassed 17 III. Targeted Areas 18 CHAPTER 2: THE BASELINE SURVEY 24 IV. Methodology 24 V. Findings 28 CHAPTER 3: THE ACTION PLAN 50 VI. The Process 50 VII. The 5 Year Action Plan 51 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUDING REMARKS 57 VIII. Lessons Learnt 57 IX. The Way Forward 58 SECTION TWO KARM EL ZEITOUN AND NOUR HAGEIN NEIGHBORHOOD P. 59 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 60 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 61 I. Project Background 61 II. Implementing Partner 62 III. Team Structure 64 VI. Targeted Areas 64 CHAPTER 2: THE BASELINE SURVEY 67 V. Methodology 67 VI. Findings 73 CHAPTER 3: THE ACTION PLAN 110 VII. Preparatory Phase 110 VII. The 5 Year Action Plan 111 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUDING REMARKS 116 VIII. Comments, Observations and Lessons Learnt 116 IX. The Way Forward 117 APPENDICES 118 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS ADP Area Development Program CoE Center of Expertise FGD Focus Group Discussion TOR Terms Of Reference UN United Nations UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Funds WV World Vision WVL World Vision Lebanon 3 FOREWORD Recognizing the urgency of responding to the challenges of urbanization and the changing configuration of cities, a number of promising initiatives have emerged over the past decade. UN-Habitat have been supporting and empowering local authorities and communities by promoting urban planning, management, and responsive governance structures that would reduce regional disparities and the social divide. With the collaboration of other UN agencies, namely UNICEF and UN-Women, UN-Habitat was able to develop new strategy, whereby public safety and security, mainly for women, youth and children, are being directly associated with the access to sufficient basic urban services. This collaboration which focused on innovative approaches to violence reduction, improved well- being and fulfillment of rights in at-risk areas, has led to the implementation of a joint initiative entitled “Safe and Friendly Cities for All”. The 1st phase of the five-year initiative intended to extend support to 8 cities; Greater Beirut (Lebanon), Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Metro Manila (Philippines), Marrakesh (Morocco), Nairobi (Kenya), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), San Jose (Costa Rica) and Tegucigalpa (Honduras). It is important to note that the Municipality of Beirut has shown high commitment throughout the implementation process of the 1st phase of the initiative. To achieve better results, and based on their vast experience within the selected communities, two NGOs were commissioned to undertake the fieldwork, working closely and directly with community members, mainly women, children and youth. The NGOs are: Makassed Islamic Welfare Association and World Vision – Lebanon. This report details the findings of the 1st phase of the initiative that was undertaken in four vulnerable neighborhoods within the City of Beirut; Karm el Zeitoun, Nour Hagein, Sabra and Tamlees. Those neighborhoods were selected in collaboration with the Municipality of Beirut and based on a quick field assessment. The report is divided into two sections with an executive summary. Each section provides details on the findings of the survey conducted separately by the NGOs in two neighborhoods. The sections also include the elaborated 5-year action plans for each neighborhood and the way forward. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. BACKGROUND Safe and Friendly Cities for All” is a joint program implemented by UNICEF, UN-Habitat and UN- Women. The five-year program shall extend support to eight cities. Beirut was selected as one of those eight cities to take part in this initiative during the first pilot stage. The programme envisages covering more cities as it progresses and replicable models are identified and shared. During the first phase of implementation, the project seeks to increase safety, reduce violence and improve quality of life for women, youth and children in public settings in some areas of Beirut. This shall be accomplished through strengthening the capacities of local and national governments as well as other actors in selected areas. In close cooperation with Beirut Municipality, the proposed joint project intends to work in 1 or 2 clusters of selected ‘vulnerable” poor urban neighborhoods in Beirut in order to respond to the immediate needs of accessing services, promoting safety and address issues related to violence. The first step for selecting the areas of operation was to come out with a rapid profiling covering seven poor communities and informal settlements in Beirut. The objective of the rapid profiling is to validate findings of the desk review and increase knowledge on the neighborhoods. The findings of the rapid profiling were submitted and presented by the joint programme to the Beirut Municipality Council and the four most impoverished neighborhoods were selected: “Karm El Zeitoun”, “Nour Hagein”, “Sabra” and “Tamlees”. The adopted methodology entitled the involvement of two institutions that have vast field work experience within the selected communities; Makassed Association, and World Vision, Lebanon. 2. METHODOLOGY To come out with the 5-year action plan, a baseline survey was conducted to identify how residents of selected neighborhoods perceive public safety and security. The survey involved two types of data collection methods; quantitative and qualitative. 5 2.1 Qualitative method Household Survey A household survey was conducted to collect information on the perception of women who are permanent residents of targeted neighborhoods. The first step included identifying the boundaries of the regions and conducting a quick count of the households in the identified neighborhoods. The second step included calculating the sample size proportional to the total household count. The third step included randomly selecting the specific households through a systematic random sampling method. The fourth and last stage included collecting the data from the randomly selected households. The respondents were women aged above 18 years old, who were the care givers in the house, and who were permanent residents of the two areas. The data for the household survey was collected using an originally constructed Arabic questionnaire that included five main sections: Demographical information, leisure time, living environment, abuse and harassment, and preventive measures. Prior to data collection, the questionnaire was pilot tested and questions were edited accordingly. Street Survey A street survey was used to collect data from women who are non-residents of targeted areas. The survey was conducted only with women (Lebanese and non-Lebanese) who were selected from the street based on convenience. In order to minimize the bias in selecting respondent in the street, the interviewers were instructed to select every fifth woman they encounter in the street. Data for the street survey was collected using an originally constructed Arabic street survey that included three main parts: Demographics, experience with abuse and harassment, and protective measures. Similar to the household survey, the street questionnaire was pilot tested and questions were redrafted accordingly. 2.2 Qualitative method Qualitative methods focus “on words rather than the quantification of data collection and analysis” (Bryman, 2008). Qualitative methods are usually used to generate data on perceptions, opinions, and sentiments. For the purpose of this baseline study, two types of qualitative data collection tools were used: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews. FGDs FGDs were used to generate data about the perceptions of youth and children on safety and security that will complement the data collected from women. In specific, minimum two FGDs 6 were conducted in each neighborhood; 1 with youth and 1 with children. Participants were selected through contacting schools NGOs, and political parties in both regions. The FGDs with youth included young women and men aged between 15 and 22 years old. The FGDs with the children included young girls and boys aged between 9 and 14 years old. The FGDs were guided by a pre-set question guide. FGDs took between an hour and an hour and half, and were conducted in a private comfortable place in the local communities. Key In-depth Interviews To form a holistic understanding of security and public safety situation, in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted in both areas. The interviewees were selected based on the results of a quick mapping exercise that resulted in identifying the main key players in each area. The flow of the interviews was guided by an originally constructed interview guide. The interviews lasted for an hour and were conducted in the offices of the stakeholders according to their availability. Facilitator/Interviewer The FGDs and in-depth interviews were facilitated by the primary research consultant. In some cases, she was helped by a note taker. The discussions were audio recorded after all participants provided their approval. In case the discussion was not recorded, running notes that cover the main points were taken. 3. SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS 3.1 Karm el Zeitoun The results of the baseline study show that security issues are much more of a concern than safety and the provision of urban services in Karm el Zeitoun. The following will present the main findings related to the perception of urban services in the area and security concerns: Perceptions of urban services and safety The data collected from all sources in Karm el Zeitoun indicate that most of the urban services are present but in need of further attention. Such analysis was specifically pertinent to the status of lighting, electricity services, quality of water, and waste water. With respect to lighting, the majority of the women thought that the region is lit in the daytime and nighttime, and is generally safer than neighboring areas.
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