Memoirs of Henry Hunt Esq. — Volume 3
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Bentham's Frigidarium: Utilitarianism and Food Preservation
UCL Bentham Project Journal of Bentham Studies, vol. 1 (1997) Bentham’s Frigidarium: Utilitarianism and Food Preservation DAVID L. COHEN Jeremy Bentham’s Frigidarium manuscripts form a little known excursion by Bentham into the science of food preservation. These little discussed manuscripts are mentioned by Bentham in a letter to his brother Samuel and in two letters to Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869), a precocious physician who received scientific acclaim by the age of 21 and who in October 1800 spent six weeks with Jeremy Bentham discussing Bentham’s scheme for the utilization of the sewage of big metropolises and his Frigidarium (related projects). 1 The manuscripts are rarely mentioned in the literature on Bentham.2 Roget himself, referred to them only three times, the last reference written just before Roget began his stay with Bentham.3 Samuel Romilly (1757-1818), Roget’s uncle, seems to have been aware of Bentham’s Frigidarium and rather proud that Bentham saw fit to consult his nephew about it.4 The plans were discussed during their six week acquaintance, (although there is no record of what they discussed) Bentham wrote Roget that he felt ‘much the want of a confidential friend, whose sympathetic zeal might animate my languor’. 5 After this episode, however, the manuscripts are never mentioned again. This essay will do three things. First it will provide some possible reasons why Bentham was interested in refrigeration and why he abruptly ceased to show interest. Second, in order to answer the first question the history of refrigeration will be outlined and the place of Bentham’s device in it will be described. -
How Did Ordinary People Win the Right to Vote? Y8 Extended History Project
How did ordinary people win the right to vote? Y8 Extended History Project History 1.What were the problems with the way people voted in the 1800s? Rotten Burroughs and open ballots History Throughout this project we are going to look at the changes in Britain’s democracy through the eyes of four groups of people: A working- A working-class Middle-class Tory landowner class woman radical (factory businessman (MP) worker) History The price of bread is too high, I employ hundreds of people in our rent has gone up again and my factories, I pay taxes and my we are starving. I need an MP factories have made Britain very who can make Britain fairer, so I wealthy. So why don’t I get a say don’t starve. in the government? A working- Middle-class class woman businessman It is our natural right to have a Our political system has worked say in who governs us. The perfectly and has lasted for working men of Britain are what centuries. Only wealthy keep this country going and landowners should vote because deserve recognition. If we do not we have greater interest in Britain get what is our right, then we doing well. These working classes should revolt! are too uneducated to have a say. A working-class Tory landowner radical (factory (MP) worker) History 1b) History 1c) What were the problems with British elections? Only 4% of men could vote! Men MPs (Members of Parliament) did not usually had to own land to be able to get paid to do their job so only rich vote. -
Resolutions Jury Trial and Its Critics in the 7 Eighteenth Century
Partm Resolutions Jury Trial and Its Critics in the 7 Eighteenth Century Between Bushel's Case and the late eighteenth century the English criminal jury trial underwent little significant change. The first great watershed in the history of trial practice was the development in Tudor times of a formal prosecution; the second was the increasing recourse to counsel and the development of a true law of evidence in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Perhaps the modern trial took shape only in the middle decades of the nineteenth century, the point at which our present story ends. But if one searches in vain for dramatic change in trial procedure, the eighteenth century does reveal develop ments both in the role of the criminal trial and the way in which contemporaries thought about the jury. These two developments were related, and it is mainly the history of that relationship that Part III addresses. There are many strands to the history of jury trial, 1689-1800, too many certainly to outline here. But the main ones can be set forth briefly. The eighteenth century saw a consolidation and rationalization of the age-old practices that characterized the administration of the criminal law generally and the role of the trial jury in particular. Building on develop ments of the preceding century, authorities brought jury practices further under control even as they conceded the principle of the inviolability of the general verdict. Although jury trial itself changed little, the context of the trial altered significantly as authorities elaborated on the practical approach to penology that had emerged almost accidentally in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. -
1 * Toke S. Aidt Is Reader in Economics, Faculty of Economics
WHAT MOTIVATES AN OLIGARCHIC ELITE TO DEMOCRATIZE? EVIDENCE FROM THE ROLL CALL VOTE ON THE GREAT REFORM ACT OF 1832* TOKE S. AIDT AND RAPHAËL FRANCK * Toke S. Aidt is Reader in Economics, Faculty of Economics, Austin Robinson Building, Sidgwick Avenue, CB39DD Cambridge, UK. Email: [email protected]; and CESifo, Munich, Germany. Raphaël Franck is Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Email: [email protected]. We thank Ann Carlos and Dan Bogart (the editors), several anonymous referees, Ekaterina Borisova and Roger Congleton as well as participants at various seminars for helpful comments. Raphaël Franck gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Adar Foundation of the Economics Department at Bar Ilan University. Raphaël Franck wrote part of this paper as Marie Curie Fellow at the Department of Economics at Brown University under funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP 2007-2013) under REA grant agreement PIOF-GA-2012-327760 (TCDOFT). We are also grateful to the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure and the ESRC (Grant RES-000-23-1579) for helping us with shape files for the maps of the ancient counties and parishes. The research was supported by the British Academy (grant JHAG097). Any remaining errors are our own. 1 WHAT MOTIVATES AN OLIGARCHIC ELITE TO DEMOCRATIZE? EVIDENCE FROM THE ROLL CALL VOTE ON THE GREAT REFORM ACT OF 1832 Abstract. The Great Reform Act of 1832 was a watershed for democracy in Great Britain. -
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform The Library of Sir Geoffrey Bindman, QC. Part I. BERNARD QUARITCH LTD MMXX BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 36 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4JH tel.: +44 (0)20 7297 4888 fax: +44 (0)20 7297 4866 email: [email protected] / [email protected] web: www.quaritch.com Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-90 Account number: 10511722 Swift code: BUKBGB22 Sterling account: IBAN: GB71 BUKB 2065 9010 5117 22 Euro account: IBAN: GB03 BUKB 2065 9045 4470 11 U.S. Dollar account: IBAN: GB19 BUKB 2065 9063 9924 44 VAT number: GB 322 4543 31 Front cover: from item 106 (Gillray) Rear cover: from item 281 (Peterloo Massacre) Opposite: from item 276 (‘Martial’) List 2020/1 Introduction My father qualified in medicine at Durham University in 1926 and practised in Gateshead on Tyne for the next 43 years – excluding 6 years absence on war service from 1939 to 1945. From his student days he had been an avid book collector. He formed relationships with antiquarian booksellers throughout the north of England. His interests were eclectic but focused on English literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. Several of my father’s books have survived in the present collection. During childhood I paid little attention to his books but in later years I too became a collector. During the war I was evacuated to the Lake District and my school in Keswick incorporated Greta Hall, where Coleridge lived with Robert Southey and his family. So from an early age the Lake Poets were a significant part of my life and a focus of my book collecting. -
James Perry and the Morning Chronicle 179O—I821
I JAMES PERRY AND THE MORNING CHRONICLE- 179O—I821 By l yon Asquith Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London 1973 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 3 Preface 5 1. 1790-1794 6 2. 1795-1 805 75 3. 1806-1812 (i) ThB Ministry of the Talents 184 (ii) Reform, Radicalism and the War 1808-12 210 (iii) The Whigs arid the Morning Chronicle 269 4. Perry's Advertising Policy 314 Appendix A: Costs of Production 363 Appendix B: Advertising Profits 365 Appendix C: Government Advertisements 367 5. 1813-1821 368 Conclusion 459 Bibliography 467 3 A BSTRACT This thesis is a study of the career of James Perry, editor and proprietor of the Morning Chronicle, from 1790-1821. Based on an examination of the correspondence of whig and radical polit- icians, and of the files of the morning Chronicle, it illustrates the impact which Perry made on the world of politics and journalism. The main questions discussed are how Perry responded, as a Foxite journalist, to the chief political issues of the day; the extent to which the whigs attempted to influence his editorial policy and the degree to which he reconciled his independence with obedience to their wishes4 the difficulties he encountered as the spokesman of an often divided party; his considerable involvement, which was remarkable for a journalist, in party activity and in the social life of whig politicians; and his success as a newspaper proprietor concerned not only with political propaganda, but with conducting a paper which was distinguished for the quality of its miscellaneous features and for its profitability as a business enterprise. -
The Lives of the Chief Justices of England
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com I . i /9& \ H -4 3 V THE LIVES OF THE CHIEF JUSTICES .OF ENGLAND. FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST TILL THE DEATH OF LORD TENTERDEN. By JOHN LOKD CAMPBELL, LL.D., F.E.S.E., AUTHOR OF 'THE LIVES OF THE LORd CHANCELLORS OF ENGL AMd.' THIRD EDITION. IN FOUE VOLUMES.— Vol. IT;; ; , . : % > LONDON: JOHN MUEEAY, ALBEMAELE STEEET. 1874. The right of Translation is reserved. THE NEW YORK (PUBLIC LIBRARY 150146 A8TOB, LENOX AND TILBEN FOUNDATIONS. 1899. Uniform with the present Worh. LIVES OF THE LOED CHANCELLOKS, AND Keepers of the Great Seal of England, from the Earliest Times till the Reign of George the Fourth. By John Lord Campbell, LL.D. Fourth Edition. 10 vols. Crown 8vo. 6s each. " A work of sterling merit — one of very great labour, of richly diversified interest, and, we are satisfied, of lasting value and estimation. We doubt if there be half-a-dozen living men who could produce a Biographical Series' on such a scale, at all likely to command so much applause from the candid among the learned as well as from the curious of the laity." — Quarterly Beview. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARINg CROSS. CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME. CHAPTER XL. CONCLUSION OF THE LIFE OF LOKd MANSFIELd. Lord Mansfield in retirement, 1. His opinion upon the introduction of jury trial in civil cases in Scotland, 3. -
Memoirs of the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly, Written by Himself, Ed. By
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com 4c 102,1 MEMOIRS THE LIFE OF SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF; WITH A SELECTION FROM HIS CORRESPONDENCE. EDITED BY HIS SONS. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. III. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. MDCCCXL. 1031. London : Printed by A. Spottiswoode, New- Street- Square. CONTENTS THE THIRD VOLUME. DIARY OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LIFE OF SIR SAMUEL ROMILL Y — {continued). 1812. Slave trade ; Registry of slaves Bristol election; candidates; Mr. Protheroe. — Resolution of the Independent Club, and letter respecting it Mr. Protheroe; Hunt Address to the electors. — Mr. Rider's motion, police of the metro polis ; increase of crime. — Abuses in Ecclesiastical Courts ; Sir Wm. Scott. — Bristol election ; letter to Mr. Edge. — Reversion Bill. — Bill to repeal 39 Eliz. — Transportation to New South Wales. — The Regent's determination to re tain the ministers; his letter to the Duke of York. — Colonel M'Mahon's sinecure. — Delays in the Court of Chancery ; Michael Angelo Taylor. — Master in Chancery not fit mem ber of a committee to inquire into the delays of the court. — Expulsion of Walsh from the House of Commons. — Local Poor Bills; Stroud. — Military punishments; Brougham. — Bill to repeal 39 Eliz. ; Lord Ellenborough. — Abuses of charitable trusts ; Mr. Lockhart. — Visit to Bristol, reception, Speech second address to the electors. — Military punishments. — Cobbett's attack. — Committee on the delays in the Court of Chancery. — Disqualifying laws against Catholics. -
Romanticism, Gender and Surveillance, 1780–1836
Romanticism, Gender and Surveillance, 1780–1836 PhD Thesis Thesis submitted in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English and Creative Writing Aberystwyth University Lucy Elizabeth Thompson 80,000 words June 2018 Contents List of Illustrations ................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 4 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 1. The Field of Surveillance ....................................................................................................... 8 2. Flinging Aside the Curtain ................................................................................................... 15 3. Disciplining Women ............................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 1 | The Sexual Body: Slut-Shaming and Surveillance in Sophia Lee’s The Chapter of Accidents ............................................................................................................... 32 1.1. Epistemologies of ‘Slut’: Pushing the Boundaries of Sentimental Comedy .................... 35 1.2. ‘Sure ev’ry body must wish -
Select Biographical Sketches from the Notebooks of a Law Reporter
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com 600022315 V I Sir Thomas Lawrence, Pinx. S. Ayllng, Photo. anwAaii — Lois a&StMi LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, 1801. 1 1 J ► -.Li'1-'*- '" ^OOME STREET, 1867. J2./0. e SELECT BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES FROM THE Note- Books of a Law Reporter. WILLIAM HEATH BENNET, Esq., OF LINCOLN'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE and SONS, BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL. NEW YORK: 416, BROOME STREET. 1867. J2./0. e //i?, LONDON : PRINTED BY TIIOMAS SCOTT, WARWICK CCURT, HOLBOBN. 7° THE EIGHT HONORABLE WILLIAM HENRY, BARON LEIGH, STONELEIGH, LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF WARWICK; CUSTOS BOTULORUMj TRUSTEE OF BUSBY SCHOOL, 4c. Sc. &c. Qgfcfff gfUtthtt WITH HIS LORDSHIP'S PERMISSION, F ESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The following Sketches — for they pretend to little more than the word imports — were, at the time they were penned, thrown off without any intention of seeking for literary fame as the result of their publication. I entreat my readers to bear this in remem brance. The earlier ones appeared in a legal weekly periodical at the end of last year, and were received with some favour by many of its readers. I was subsequently advised to collect them in a separate form, to re-cast, and to enlarge them, as better adapted for more general circulation and perusal. This I have now done, and have added perhaps the more attractive feature to the Essays — Photographic Portraits of the eminent men upon whose lives and talents I have thus ventured to comment. -
The Peterloo Massacre Some Ideas and Resources for Key Stages 3 Or 4
The Peterloo Massacre Some ideas and resources for Key stages 3 or 4 Overview The topic of Peterloo is one which continues to be intriguing. The events which took place in St. Peter’s Field, Manchester, on 16 August 1819 were controversial at the time and have remained so ever since. In this respect the topic lends itself well to the study of different interpretations and to the possible bias of some historical sources. A study of this topic can help pupils to see how the long struggle to achieve the right to vote for all adults in this country has often been hard and dangerous, developing greater respect for the value of their own vote when they are older. The story of Peterloo also allows for reflection on the issue of how the authorities deal with mass protest, where even in quite recent times there have been allegations that protestors have died in Britain through an excessive use of force by the people policing the demonstration. In this respect, a historical comparison between Peterloo and other events (such as Tiananmen Square in 1989) would be interesting. Questions Sources 1 and 2 do not describe the events of the ‘Peterloo Massacre’. However, can you suggest some ways in which they would still be useful for historians who are trying to find out about the events of that day? Look at the descriptions given of the events of Peterloo in Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7. Were all the writers present at the scene when these events happened? Explain how you know? When were Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7 written? How many years after 1819 was each person writing? Could this make their descriptions less reliable in any way? (We do not know exactly when Source 3 was written but try to explain how we can tell it was written several years after 1819) Who does each writer (Sources 3, 5, 6 and 7) blame for the deaths and injuries at ‘Peterloo’? Quote from their descriptions to support the point you are making. -
The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper
i i i i The Manchester Observer: Biography of a Radical Newspaper ROBERT POOLE, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE Abstract The newly digitised Manchester Observer (1818–22) was England’s leading rad- ical newspaper at the time of the Peterloo meeting of August 1819, in which it played a central role. For a time it enjoyed the highest circulation of any provincial newspaper, holding a position comparable to that of the Chartist Northern Star twenty years later and pioneering dual publication in Manchester and London. Its columns provide insights into Manchester’s notoriously secretive local government and policing and into the labour and radical movements of its turbulent times. Rich materials in the Home Oce papers in the National Archives reveal much about the relationship between radicals in London and in the provinces, and show how local magistrates conspired with government to hound the radical press in the north as prosecutions in London ran into trouble. This article also sheds new light on the founding of the Manchester Guardian, which endured as the Observer’s successor more by avoiding its disasters than by following its example. Despite the imprisonment of four of its main editors and proprietors the Manchester Observer battled on for ve years before sinking in calmer water for lack of news. Keywords: Peterloo; press; newspapers; radicalism; Manchester; Guardian London has been called the strong hold of the liberty of the press; but Manchester is assuredly the centre and strong hold of the Parliamentary Reformers. (Manchester Observer, 1 September 1821) Early in 2017 the John Rylands Library accepted into its collections two bound volumes: the only complete set of the Manchester Observer (1818–22), the radical predecessor of the more famous Manchester Guardian.