DOCSLIB.ORG

Nephtyidae: Polychaeta) Described from the Eastern Pacific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nephtyidae: Polychaeta) Described from the Eastern Pacific l.OVELL: REVIEW OF NI:PIITYS FROM EASTERN PACIFIC 353 Figure 2. A. Ventral view, dissected specimen of Nephfys caecoides Hartman, 1938, showing pro- boscidial features. Paratype (LACM-AHF 0794). pdp = paired distal papillae, mup = median un- paired papilla. sp = subdistal papillae. B. Frontal view, proboscis of Nephfys caecoides Hartman, 1938, showing paired distal papillae. Paratype (LACM-AHF 0794). pdp = paired distal papillae. Bars I mm. 354 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 60. NO.2. 1997 118°02.53'W,Aug. 1985,Sta. 13, Rep. 4, 59 m., 1 specimen (CSDOC-P475), Rep. 3, 59 m" 1 speci- men (CSDOC-P476),Oct. 1991,Sta. 13, Rep. 4, 60 m., I specimen (LLL), Jan. 1995,Sta. 13, Rep. 2, 60 m" 2 specimens (LLL), 33°35.59'N, 118°00.05'W,luI. 1994, Sta, 11,30 m., 1 specimen (LLL), 33°35.50'N, 117°58.15'W,luI. 1994, Sta. IS, 30 m., 3 specimens (LLL), 33°34.29'N, 118°00.12'W, luI. 1994,Sta. ZB, Rep. 2, 56 m., 3 specimens (LLL); Santa Barbara Co., GOLETA, 4 Oct. 1994, Sta. B2, Rep. 1, 90 ft., 1 specimen (MBC), Sta. B4, Rep. 2, 1 specimen (MBC), Sta. B6, Rep, 3, 2 speci- mens (MBC); San Luis Obispo Co., just north of Morro Bay, 2\ May 1993,Sta. B1, Rep. 1, 2 speci- mens (MBC), Rep. 4, 1 specimen (MBC), Sta. B2, Rep. 2, 2 specimens(MBC); San Diego Co., Fisher, col., 33°\5.17'N, 117°28.09'W,17 m., 2 specimens (LLL). Corrections and Additions to the Description.-Proboscis with 20 paired distal papillae (Fig. 2B), middorsal and midventral distal areas without papilla. Subdis- tal area with 22 rows of papilla, 3-6 per row, unpaired middorsal papillae present (Fig. lA). Proximal area smooth. Interramal cirri begin on setiger four, recurved. Remarks.-Hartman (1938) provided no count for the distal papillae, and reported 22 rows of subdistal papillae, but no count per row. Hartman (1950) stated that some specimens of N. californiensis have interramal cirri beginning on setiger 4 rather than 3. Specimen lots noted by Hartman as having interramal ci.rri begin- ning from seti.ger 4 were reexamined. Lots 1882-49 and 1886-49 proved to be N. caecoides, lot 1620-48 could not be found (pers. com.-L. Harris). Later Hartman (1968) added the presence of a subdistal middorsal papillae to the description. Hilbig (1994) reported 22 paired distal papillae, 22 rows of subdistal papillae, with 3-5 papillae per row, and the presence of subdistal long, unpaired middorsal and shorter unpaired midventral papilla. All of the specimens examined have 20 rather than 22 paired distal papillae, and none have an unpaired midventral sub- distal papilla. In the same paper Hilbig placed Nephtys parva Clark and Jones (1955) in synonymy with N. caecoides. The holotype of N. parva was examined and found to have bifid ventral antennae on the prostomium and interramal cirri beginning on setiger 5, which are not recurved. This suite of characters places N. parva in synonymy with N. cornuta Clark and Jones (1955) (see below) rather than N. caecoides. Clark and Jones (1955) discussed the possibility that N. parva is a juvenile N. caecoides. The material examined from MBC originalIy identi- fied as N. parva are juvenile N. caecoides. Specimens matching the original de- scription of N. parva have not been found by me. Distribution.-British Columbia to western Mexico, intertidal to 110 m, in mud. Nephtys californiensis Hartman, 1938 Nephtys californiensis Hartman, 1938: 150-151, fig. 64; 1950 (in part): 103; \968: 579, fig. 1-3; Banse and Hobson, 1974: 75, fig. 19 g-h; Hilbig, 1994: 346-348, fig. 13.7. Nephthys [sic] californiensis Hartman, 1940:240. .Material Exarnined.-CALIFORNIA: Marin Co., Dillon Beach, Intertidal, Hartman, col., Jul. 1935, holotype (USNM 20320), luI. 1934, 6 paratypes (part, specimens with proboscis everted) (LACM- AHF 0642); VenturaCo., Mandalay Beach, Intertidal, Scanland and Parr, col., Nov. 1972, 1 specimen (MEC P1309). Corrections and Additions to the Description.-Proboscis with 20 paired distal papillae (Fig. 3A), short, unpaired middorsal distal papilla present (Fig. 3B), mid- ventral unpaired distal papilla absent (Fig. 3B). Proboscis with 22 rows of sub- distal papillae, 5-8 per row; unpaired middorsal papilla absent. Proximal area smooth. Interramal cirri begin on setiger 3, recurved. Remarks.-Hartman (1938) reported no count for paired distal papillae and 22 rows of subdistal papillae with 6-8 per row. She also stated "proboscis. usu- ally without a median papilla (rarely one of the paired papillae seems to occupy a LOVELL: REVIEW OF NEPIfTYS FROM EASTERN PACIFIC 355 Figure 3. A. Frontal view, proboscis of Nephtys califomiensis Hartman, 1938, showing paired distal papillae. Paratype (USNM 20320). pdp = paired distal papillae. B. Dorsal view, proboscis of Nephtys californiensis Hartman, 1938, showing paired distal papillae, single middorsal distal papilla, and rows of subdistal papillae. Paratype (USNM 20320). pdp = paired distal papillae, smdp = single middorsal distal papilla, sp = subdistal papillae. Bars I mm. 358 BULLETINOF MARINESCIENCE.VOL.60. NO.2. 1997 Nephtys ferruginea Berkeley and Berkeley, 1945: 327-328; Hartman. 1950: 102-103; 1968: 583, figs. 1-4; Banse and Hobson, 1974: 75, fig. 19. k-1; Hilbig, 1994: 351-352, fig. 13.9 A-H. Nephtys signifera Hilbig, 1992 (in part): 719-721, fig. 5A (?), C, D; Hilbig, 1994 (in part): 356- 358, fig. 13.12A (?), C, D. NEW SYNONYMY. Material Examined.-PERU: Independencia Bay, 14°16'S, 76°IQ'W, VELERO Sta. 834-38, 10 Feb. 1938, 21 fms., mud, holotype (LACM-AHF 0798), 19 paratypes (LACM-AHF (799). CALIFORNIA: Anacapa Is., VELEROSta. 876-38, 1 specimen; southern California Bight, BLM Sta. 82517, 1 speci- men; Santa Maria Basin, Sta. R-2, 35°05.50'N, 120049.16'W, 161 m., holotype (N. sigllifl'l'a) (USNM 148706), Sta. PJ-I, 34°55.79'N, 120°49.91 'w, 145 m., I paratype (N. sigllifera) (LACM-AHF 1(15), Sta. PJ-6, 34°54.71'N, 120049.91'W, 148 m., 1 paratype (N. signifera) (LACM-AHF 1616), Sta. 13, 35°14.54'N, 120059.77'W, 197 m., 3 paratypes (N. signifera) (SBMNH 35617), Sta. 30, 34°54.19'N, 120047.07'W, 98 m., 6 paratypes (N. signifera) (SBMNH 35618); Ventum Co., 34°12.29'N, I 19°30.43'W, 91 m., Sta. 661, 2 specimens, (CSDOC); Orange Co., 33°34.42'N, I 18°01.33'W, 59 m., Sta. 5, Rep. 4, Jan. 1993,3 specimens (LLL), 33°35.59'N, 117°55.57'W, 98 m., Sta. C3, Jul. 1993, 1 specimen (LLL), 33°34.29'N, 117°59.42'W, 56 m., Sta. 4, Rep. 2, Oct. 1993, ] specimen, (LLL), 33°34.20'N, 117°59.26'W, 59 m., Sta. 9, Rep. 3, Oct. 1993, 3 specimens (LLL), 6 m. North of pipe, 30 m., Jul. 1994, 1 specimen (LLL). Corrections and Additions to the Description.-Proboscis with 20 paired distal papillae, middorsal and midventral distal papilla absent. Subdistal area with 22 rows of papillae, 3-6 per row (Fig. 5A). Proximal area smooth. lnterrama] cirri begin on setiger 3, not recurved. Postacicular setae smooth to spinulose; upper- most and lowermost fascicles of both rami with a mix of smooth to spinulose setae, middle fascicles with spinulose setae only (Fig. 5B). Remarks.-Hartman's original description (1940) of N. caecoides ferruginea re- ported no presence of distal paired papillae, 22 rows of subdistal papillae without counts per row, presence of a subdistal unpaired middorsal papilla, proximal region smooth, and recurved interramal cirri starting on setiger 3. Berke]ey and Berkeley (1945) elevated N.ferruginea to specific rank without providing any additional in- formation. Lots 1597-47 and 1759-49 of the material reported as N. californiensis by Hartman (1950) were reexamined and found to be specimens of N. ferruginea (pers. com.-L. Harris). The types of N. signifera were reexamined and the holotype and paratype lot (LACM-AHF) 16] 6 were found to be juvenile N.ferruginea. Para- type 10tLACM-AHF 1615 was found to be an Aglaophamus species (involute inter- ramal cirri) too small to be determined to species. Paratype lots SBMNH 35617 and SBMNH 35618 were examined and found to contain one N. cornuta (see N. cO/'lluta above) each, with the other specimens in the lots being juvenile N. ferruginea. Hilbig (1992) used three characters to separate N. signifera from N.ferruginea: paired distal papillae counts, dorsal methyl green staining pattern, and distribu- tion of post-acicular setal types. Corrected paired papillae counts for N. ferru- ginea are the same as those described for N. signifera. The dorsal methyl green staining area in Nephtys is composed of the anterior nervous system as described by Clark (1955, 1957, 1958a, 1958b). Clark (1955, 1958b) illustrates the anterior nervous system for N. ferruginea and other Eastern Pacific Nephtys species (Fig. 7). The dorsal staining pattern is visible through the body wall of small speci- mens, but not visible through the thicker body wall of large specimens. The stained area can be seen in a ventral dissection with the proboscis moved aside (Figs. 6A). All type material of N. sign(fera from Hilbig (1992) herein referred to N. ferruginea were small specimens. Reexamination of the type material of N. fer- ruginea and N. signifera reveal that the distribution of post-acicular setal types is the same for both species. Examination of all material indicates that smooth post- acicular setae are more abundant in juveniles and the median and posterior seti- gers of adults. This distributional pattern may be due to the effect of setal wear caused by sediment abrasion or setal replacement with age.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preliminary Mass-Balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center December 2013 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Whitehouse, G. A. 2013. A preliminary mass-balance food web model of the eastern Chukchi Sea. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-262, 162 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse1,2 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle WA 98115 2Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Box 354925 Seattle WA 98195 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny. S. Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nephtys </Emphasis
    HELGOLANDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~nder Meeresunters. 45, 65-96 (1991) The genus Nephtys (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida) of northern Europe: a review of species, including the description of N. pulchra sp. n. and a key to the Nephtu S. F. Rainer CSIRO Division of Fisheries, Marine Laboratories; PO Box 20, North Beach, W.A. 6020, Australia ABSTRACT: Twelve species of Nephtys now known from northern Europe are described, including one new species, N. pulchra sp. n. A key is provided to the 14 species of Nephtyidae from the region. Geographic changes in the setiger in which interramal cirri first occur are recognized in N. caeca (Fabricius), N. cfliata (Miiller), N. hombergfi Savigny and N. pente Rainer. INTRODUCTION Nephtyid polychaetes occur in most marine environments. The first nephtyid described was Nephtys ciliata (O.F. Mfiller, 1776); by 1843, the three common shallow- water and intertidal species in northern Europe had been described (Nephtys caeca [Fabricius, 1780], N. hombergii Savigny, 1818 and N. longosetosa C)rsted, 1843). Between 1865 und 1911, many nephtyid species were described from material collected from northern European waters, by Malmgren (1865), Ehlers (1868), Malta (1874), Hansen (1878), Th6el (1879), Michaelsen (1896), McIntosh (1900, 1908) and Heinen (1911). The studies by Michaelsen (1896) and Heinen (1911), and those by McIntosh (1908) and Fauvel (1914), placed many of these in synonymy with previously described species, and provided the basis for the present systematic status of European nephtyids. Descriptions of northern European nephtyids given by Fauchald (1963), Woolf (1968) and Hartmann- Schr6der (1971) are based on these studies. The descriptions of some species of Nephtys, especially N.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nephtys Caecoides Class: Polychaeta, Errantia
    Phylum: Annelida Nephtys caecoides Class: Polychaeta, Errantia Order: Phyllodocida, Phyllodocida incertae sedis A sand worm Family: Nephtyidae Description inserted just beneath dorsal cirri, which are Size: Individuals up to 100 mm in length and small, in anterior setigers (Blake and Ruff 5–8 mm in width, with up to 129 segments 2007) (Fig. 5). Beginning with the fourth seti- (Hartman 1968; Hilbig 1997). The illustrated ger, and continuing to within 10–20 setigers specimen has 115 segments (Fig. 1). from worm posterior, there is a recurved cirrus Color: A strong pigment pattern on prosto- between the parapodial lobes (Fig. 5) (Lovell mium and first few segments (Fig. 2) per- 1997). In juvenile specimens, this can be sists through preservation. Body usually nearly straight (Fauchald 1977). steel to dark grey (Hartman 1938). The interramal cirrus is larger than the General Morphology: Anterior cylindrical in dorsal cirrus, except in the last nine segments cross-section and becomes slender and rec- (Hartman 1968). tangular posteriorly (Nephtyidae, Blake and Setae (chaetae): All nephtyid setae are sim- Ruff 2007). ple and the setae of both rami are of similar Body: Trim, stiff and slender in appearance morphology. Overall, there are four main (Hartman 1938), rectangular in cross section types of nephtyid setae including capillary (Hartman and Reish 1950). Anterior third is (e.g. spinose), barred (which are pre- stout and wide, while the middle and poste- acicular), lyrate and setae with spines rior regions become slender and more flexi- (Dnestrovskaya and Jirkov 2011). Nephtys ble (Hilbig 1997). First segment is incomple- caecoides exhibits three setal types; 1) a te dorsally (Hartman 1968) (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals
    Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Sperling, Erik A., Christina A. Frieder, Akkur V. Raman, Peter R. Girguis, Lisa A. Levin, and Andrew H. Knoll. 2013. Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 33: 13446–13451. Published Version doi:10.1073/pnas.1312778110 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12336338 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation of animals Erik A. Sperlinga,1, Christina A. Friederb, Akkur V. Ramanc, Peter R. Girguisd, Lisa A. Levinb, a,d, 2 Andrew H. Knoll Affiliations: a Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 b Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093- 0218 c Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam – 530003 d Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 1 Correspondence to: [email protected] 2 Correspondence to: [email protected] PHYSICAL SCIENCES: Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: Evolution Abstract: 154 words Main Text: 2,746 words Number of Figures: 2 Number of Tables: 1 Running Title: Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation Keywords: oxygen, ecology, predation, Cambrian radiation The Proterozoic-Cambrian transition records the appearance of essentially all animal body plans (phyla), yet to date no single hypothesis adequately explains both the timing of the event and the evident increase in diversity and disparity.
    [Show full text]
  • Christina Pavloudi Biologist Scientific Assistant
    Christina Pavloudi Biologist Scientific assistant Contact address University of the Aegean Department of Marine Sciences University Hill Mytilene 81100, Greece Tel: Fax: e-mail: [email protected] Education 2017: PhD on Marine Sciences, University of Ghent, University of Bremen, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (MARES Joint Doctoral Programme on Marine Ecosystem Health & Conservation) Thesis title: Microbial community functioning at hypoxic sediments revealed by targeted metagenomics and RNA stable isotope probing 2012: MSc on Environmental Biology – Management of Terrestrial and Marine Resources, University of Crete, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Natural History Museum of Crete Thesis title: Comparative analysis of geochemical variables, macrofaunal and microbial communities in lagoonal ecosystems 2009: BSc on Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thesis title: Comparative study of the organismic assemblages associated with the demosponge Sarcotragus foetidus Schmidt, 1862 in the coasts of Cyprus and Greece Professional Scientific Experience 2018-present: Scientific assistant at the Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean 2017-present: Post-Doc Researcher (RECONNECT project), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece 2016-2017: Research assistant (JERICO-NEXT project), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece 2013-2015: Research assistant (LifeWatchGreece project), Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Nephtys Hombergii, a Free-Living Predator in Marine Sediments: Energy Production Under Environmental Stress
    Marine Biology (1997) 129: 643±650 Ó Springer-Verlag 1997 C. Arndt á D. Schiedek Nephtys hombergii, a free-living predator in marine sediments: energy production under environmental stress Received: 28 May 1997 / Accepted: 21 June 1997 Abstract Nephtys hombergii is a free-living, burrowing depths, particularly in muddy or clayed sand (Rainer predator in marine sediments. The worm is, therefore, 1991). It has been recorded in the Mediterranean and exposed to various environmental conditions which eastern Atlantic north to the Barents Sea, including the tube-dwelling polychaetes of the same habitat most North Sea and the western Baltic (Hartmann-SchroÈ der likely do not encounter. The worms have to survive 1996). It shows a relatively high tolerance to a wide periods of severe hypoxia and sulphide exposure, while range of salinities and is suggested as an important in- at the same time, they have to maintain agility in order termediate predator, feeding on small endobenthic in- to feed on other invertebrates. N. hombergii is adapted vertebrates (Schubert and Reise 1986; Beukema 1987). to these conditions by utilising several strategies. The As a sediment dweller without a permanent tube, species has a remarkably high content of phosphagen N. hombergii is mostly found in reduced sediment areas (phosphoglycocyamine), which is the primary energy such as the intertidal ¯ats of the Wadden Sea, where it source during periods of environmental stress. With in- has to cope with restricted oxygen availability and creasing hypoxia, energy is also provided via anaerobic concomitant sulphide exposure of up to 1 mM (Giere glycolysis (pO2 < 7 kPa), with strombine as the main 1992; Thiermann et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery and Evolution of Novel Hemerythrin Genes in Annelid Worms Elisa M
    Costa-Paiva et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:85 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0933-z RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Discovery and evolution of novel hemerythrin genes in annelid worms Elisa M. Costa-Paiva1,2, Nathan V. Whelan2,3, Damien S. Waits2, Scott R. Santos2, Carlos G. Schrago1 and Kenneth M. Halanych2* Abstract Background: Despite extensive study on hemoglobins and hemocyanins, little is known about hemerythrin (Hr) evolutionary history. Four subgroups of Hrs have been documented, including: circulating Hr (cHr), myohemerythrin (myoHr), ovohemerythrin (ovoHr), and neurohemerythrin (nHr). Annelids have the greatest diversity of oxygen carrying proteins among animals and are the only phylum in which all Hr subgroups have been documented. To examine Hr diversity in annelids and to further understand evolution of Hrs, we employed approaches to survey annelid transcriptomes in silico. Results: Sequences of 214 putative Hr genes were identified from 44 annelid species in 40 different families and Bayesian inference revealed two major clades with strong statistical support. Notably, the topology of the Hr gene tree did not mirror the phylogeny of Annelida as presently understood, and we found evidence of extensive Hr gene duplication and loss in annelids. Gene tree topology supported monophyly of cHrs and a myoHr clade that included nHrs sequences, indicating these designations are functional rather than evolutionary. Conclusions: The presence of several cHrs in early branching taxa suggests that a variety of Hrs were present in the common ancestor of extant annelids. Although our analysis was limited to expressed-coding regions, our findings demonstrate a greater diversity of Hrs among annelids than previously reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Key to Nephtyidae (Annelida) of the Sea of Okhotsk
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 684: 1–18 (2017)Identification key to Nephtyidae of the Sea of Okhotsk( Annelida) 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.684.12180 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Identification key to Nephtyidae (Annelida) of the Sea of Okhotsk Inna L. Alalykina1, Nataliya Yu. Dnestrovskaya2, Igor A. Jirkov2 1 A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pal’chevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia Corresponding author: Nataliya Yu. Dnestrovskaya ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Glasby | Received 8 February 2017 | Accepted 6 April 2017 | Published 11 July 2017 http://zoobank.org/E9901864-F3FD-4CBC-8DBB-03C1C4AA4FED Citation: Alalykina IL, Dnestrovskaya NY, Jirkov IA (2017) Identification key to Nephtyidae (Annelida) of the Sea of Okhotsk. ZooKeys 684: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.684.12180 Abstract Currently, 15 species of Nephtyidae (Annelida) are known from the Sea of Okhotsk (north-western Pacific). A new user-friendly identification key is presented with a brief description for each species. The taxonomic positions of three closely related species, Nephtys brachycephala Moore, 1903, N. schmitti Hartman, 1938 and N. paradoxa Malm, 1874, are revised. The distributions of two species,Nephtys discors Ehlers, 1968 and N. assignis Hartman, 1950, are discussed. Keywords Aglaophamus, Micronephthys, Nephtys, Polychaeta, north-western Pacific Introduction Nephtyids are benthic polychaetes occurring worldwide from the intertidal to abyssal depths and mainly inhabiting soft sediments. Most of them are actively burrowing carnivores, although several species may be subsurface deposit feeders (Jumars et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and Their Effects on Benthic Communities
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2015 Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and their Effects on Benthic Communities Clint Alan Collins San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Collins, Clint Alan, "Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Iceberg Scours, Human-Derived Pollutants, and their Effects on Benthic Communities" (2015). Master's Theses. 4629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.bu3s-5bp7 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4629 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: ICEBERG SCOURS, HUMAN-DERIVED POLLUTANTS, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Marine Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Masters in Marine Science by Clint Alan Collins December 2015 © 2015 Clint A. Collins ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: ICEBERG SCOURS, HUMAN-DERIVED POLLUTANTS, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES by Clint Alan Collins APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE SCIENCE SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 Dr. Stacy Kim Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Dr. Ivano Aiello Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from São Paulo State, Brazil, Including a New Record for the Brazilian Coast
    Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from São Paulo State, Brazil, including a new record for the Brazilian coast Alexandra Elaine Rizzo1,2 & Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral1 Biota Neotropica v7 (n3) – http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v7n3/pt/abstract?article+bn04407032007 Data Received 07/02/07 Revised 19/10/07 Published 23/11/07 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil 2Corresponding author: Alexandra Elaine Rizzo, e-mail: [email protected], http://www.ib.unicamp.br/ Abstract Rizzo, A.E. & Amaral, A.C.Z. Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from São Paulo State, Brazil, including a new record for the Brazilian coast. Biota Neotrop. Sep/Dez 2007 vol. 7, no. 3 http://www.biotaneotropica. org.br/v7n3/pt/abstract?article+bn04407032007. ISSN 1676-0603. In the present study, four species of Nephtyidae, Aglaophamus juvenalis (Kinberg 1866), Nephtys acrochaeta Hartman 1950, Nephtys californiensis Hartman 1938 and Nephtys squamosa Ehlers 1887, were found from the intertidal zone to the shallow sublittoral (<50 m) off São Paulo, Brazil, during the program BIOTA/FAPESP Marine Benthos. Descriptions and notes on each of them are provided. Nephtys californiensis is a new record for the Brazilian coast. Keys to genera and species of Nephtyidae recorded from Brazil are given. Keywords: Polychaeta, Nephtyidae, Aglaophamus, Nephtys, key to identification, new record. Resumo Rizzo, A.E. & Amaral, A.C.Z. Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, incluindo um novo registro para a costa brasileira. Biota Neotrop. Sep/Dez 2007 vol. 7, no. 3 http://www. biotaneotropica.org.br/v7n3/pt/abstract?article+bn04407032007.
    [Show full text]