December 24, 2006 HowHow McMurdo Got Its Groove On Local music scene heats up By Peter Rejcek Sun staff OTHER RIFFS t’s possibly the cool- Even Shackleton got the est music scene on the blues, page 10 planet. McMurdo Station Pole, Palmer also jam, is certainly the hub page 11 Iof operations for the U.S. AntarcticI Program (USAP) wise, this is a real hotbed of with an austral summer popu- potential.” lation of a thousand people Fox is a pretty good judge or more. But in the last 10 or of what makes a music scene 15 years, it’s become a cross- pulse. He came of age dur- roads for musicians playing ing punk rock’s angry genesis in just about every genre in the late 1970s and early imaginable in their leisure 1980s, playing bass for the time, from reggae to rock and band United Mutation in the from blues to bluegrass. It’s Washington, D.C., area. (See a scene where a punk rocker the Dec. 18, 2005, issue of can share the night’s billing The Antarctic Sun at antarc- with a folk singer and a blues ticsun.usap.gov for a related guitarist – and the audience is story.) there to see them all. A conversation with Fox is “We have been really itself like listening to a punk lucky down here,” said Jay rock set – briefly intense out- Peter Rejcek / The Antarctic Sun Fox, the retail supervisor for bursts, each riff a variation Barb Propst plays guitar at the McMurdo Station Coffee House. the USAP’s three stations on his central tenet about the She’s seen lots of changes in the local music scene since she first on the continent. “Musician- See MUSIC on page 7 came here in 1982. Balloon-borne instrument Quote of the Week BLAST off: to probe far-off galaxies “Great God, this really is an awful By Peter Rejcek for Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Sub-millime- Sun staff ter Telescope. A multi-university team launched place.” There’s no starship to take scientists to the its instrument payload from the Long Duration — Visitor to Pole complaining mind-boggling edges of the universe to watch Balloon facility on the Ross Ice Shelf on Dec. about the lack of oxygen. and study cosmic childbirth firsthand. But a bal- 21 at 2:50 p.m. The polar vortex, a sort of atmo- loon-borne telescope should help cosmologists spheric cyclone, will carry the BLAST payload Inside squint into the submillimeter wavelength so they around the continent, eventually depositing it Intact plesiosaur found can finally get a better picture of star formation about two weeks later near its original launch in distant galaxies as well as those in our own location. Page 3 backyard. Its mission: to image the formation of galax- ANDRILL breaks record The project is called BLAST, which stands See BLAST on page 13 Page 15 AntarcticSun.usap.gov 2 • The Antarctic Sun December 24, 2006 C-17 drops by the South Pole Cold, hard facts Intramural sports at McMurdo Station Sport leagues available: Volleyball, soccer, darts, bowling, dodgeball Total number of team members: 360 The Ligers soccer team and the Roger Doger dodgeball team, both captained by Bryan Fanning, went undefeated. Work center with the most dedi- cated league teams: Firehouse (Both of their dodgeball teams Above, a C-17 aircraft flies over the South won once in their 12-game sea- Pole to air drop cargo to the station Dec. sons.) 20. Highest current team bowling Left, a message written on the cargo con- average (four people on each tains the words, “Proudly delivered by” team): 512 and the signatures of Air Force personnel involved in the operation. Lowest current team bowling average (four people on each team): 336 Source: Richard Lamanna, McMurdo recreation department Photos by Forest Banks / Special to The Antarctic Sun Level 1 Comix Matt Davidson The Antarctic Sun is funded by the National Science Foundation as part of the United States Antarctic Program (OPP-000373). Its primary audience is U.S. Antarctic Program par- ticipants, their families, and their friends. NSF reviews and approves material before publication, but opin- ions and conclusions expressed in The Sun are not necessarily those of the Foundation. Use: Reproduction is encouraged with acknowledgment of source and author. Senior Editor: Peter Rejcek Editors: Steven Profaizer, Steve Martaindale Copy Editors: Ben Bachelder, Rob Jones, Bethany Profaizer, Melanie Miller Publisher: Valerie Carroll, Communications manager, RPSC Contributions are welcome. Contact The Sun at [email protected]. In McMurdo, visit our office in Building 155 or dial 2407. Web address: AntarcticSun.usap.gov Subscribe: Click on the link on the right side of the homepage and follow the directions. December 24, 2006 The Antarctic Sun • 3 Team reveals juvenile plesiosaur fossil By Steve Martaindale Sun staff A research team from the United States and Argentina has recovered what it says is the most complete fossil skeleton ever to come out of Antarctica. The juvenile long-necked (elasmosau- rid) plesiosaur, which was discovered in early 2005, got researchers “very, very excited very, very quickly,” according to James E. Martin, one of the leaders of the project. “As we excavated, we realized that nearly the entire body was intact, mak- ing this particular specimen exceedingly unique,” he said. “Baby plesiosaurs are very, very rare, and this probably was one of the best, if not the best, baby plesiosaurs ever found in the world.” The find occurred on Vega Island, which lies near the northern tip of the Antarctic A baby’s tale Peninsula. It went on display Dec. 13 at A artist’s drawing depicts a young ple- the South Dakota School of Mines and siosaur swimming alongside an adult. A Even though a baby, the plesio- Technology’s Museum of Geology. research team discovered a near-intact saur was already 1.5 meters long Plesiosaurs, while not dinosaurs them- baby plesiosaur fossil near the northern tip but less than a sixth the size it might selves, thrived during the dinosaur era of the Antarctic Peninsula. grow to as an adult. some 210 to 65 million years ago. The The juvenile marine reptile dwelt marine reptiles were carnivores and swam in a shallow-water environment that with the assistance of four large paddles, time, so we think that we have the cradle helped protect it until it was large like those of modern sea turtles. A ple- of bird evolution in Antarctica, as well.” enough to function safely in open siosaur had a stubby tail that acted as a However, he said, more will be known waters. Of course, it already had rudder. about those finds later. the long neck and diamond-shaped The researchers say the cause of the Finding the skeleton may have been fins that were the plesiosaur’s trade- excellent preservation of their find might the easy part, as the Antarctic weather marks, but its bones were still form- also have been the reason for the young hampered the collection process. Winds ing. Though young, it had already reptile’s demise. Volcanic ash beds were that exceeded 110 kph, temperatures that ingested many small, rounded stom- found at the site and Martin said they found turned water to slush before plaster could ach stones, like its parents, to help chunks of ash with plant material inside. be mixed, occasional snow that covered maintain buoyancy or to aid diges- That indicates a major leveling of trees such the site and frozen ground all slowed the tion. as was observed during the 1980 eruption process. The waters of its Southern Ocean of Mount St. Helens in Washington. Silica Once the fossils were enclosed in pro- home were warm then, just as Earth released from the ash contributed to the tective plaster jackets, a helicopter was was much warmer than it is now. Its preservation of the skeleton. used to carry the finds from the excavation four paddle-like fins helped it glide Co-leaders of the research team were site at an elevation of 200 meters to the tent through the water in a motion similar Martin, South Dakota School of Mines camp on the shores of Herbert Sound. The to penguins and its long neck helped and Technology; Judd Case, Eastern specimen was picked up by the Laurence it capture fish. Washington University; and Marcelo M. Gould, an NSF research vessel. Life was short for this plesiosaur. Reguero, Museo de la Plata of Argentina. It was prepared in the United States and It may have been the ash fallout from Their expedition was jointly funded by determined to be 1.5 meters long. Adults a volcanic eruption that did it in, fill- the National Science Foundation (NSF) are known to reach more than 10 meters in ing its shallow nursery and entomb- and the Instituto Antártico Argentino. The length. Martin said that the stomach area ing the reptile in future rock. Argentine air force provided helicopter was very well preserved. Some 70 million years later, support. Stomach ribs, which span the abdomen, the animal’s former home was part J. Foster Sawyer, of the South Dakota were not long, straight bones like most of a small island just north of the Geological Survey and the School of plesiosaurs but were forked, sometimes Antarctic Circle. It had been pushed Mines, found the skeleton on Vega Island into three prongs. The stomach cavity 200 meters above waters much cold- while working with Martin. Wind had contained numerous small, rounded stones. er than they were when plesiosaurs exposed part of the vertebrae and one of It is not known whether the animals swal- lived there.