DRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
OF UPLETA ORDINARY SAND BLOCK – C.2 PROJECT CATEGORY: B1 LOCATION: NEAR VILLAGE: UPLETA TALUKA: UPLETA, DISTRICT: RAJKOT, STATE: GUJARAT
TOTAL LEASE AREA – 4 Ha PROPOSED PRODUCTION: 43,360 MTPA
BASELINE MONITORING PERIOD OCTOBER 2020 – NOVEMBER 2020 – DECEMBER 2020
PROJECT PROPONENT
SHRI DHRUVRAJSINH ASHOKSINH JADEJA Reg Office: 2/4, Paras Society, Opp – Panchvati Post Office, Bedi Bandar Road, Jamnagar, Gujarat
EIA CONSULTANT
GEOGREEN ENVIRO HOUSE PVT. LTD. QCI/NABET Accredited & ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company NABET Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1720/IA0023
To,
The Member Secretary,
Gujarat Pollution Control Board,
Paryavaran Bhavan, Sector 10 A,
Gandhinagar, Gujarat – 382010
Subject: Submission of Draft EIA report along with Executive Summary for public hearing proceeding to be conducted as per EIA Notification 2006 for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 (Area: 4 Ha, production capacity: 43,360 MTPA) near Village – Upleta, Taluka – Upleta, District – Rajkot, Gujarat
Reference:
1. Proposal No. SIA/GJ/MIN/43348/2020
2. ToR No. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020
Dear Sir,
With reference to above subject, online application for environmental clearance was submitted to SEIAA, Gujarat dated 25.11.2019 along with Form 1, PFR and Approved Mine Plan. The proposal is covered in Sector 1(a) and is of Category B as per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 and its subsequent amendments.
As per approved ToR point no. 34, “Public Hearing points raised and commitment of the Project Proponent on the same along with time bound Action Plan with budgetary provisions to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of the Project.”
As per Appendix IV of EIA Notification of 14.09.2006, procedure for conduct of public hearing, hard copies and an equivalent number of soft (electronic) copies with Executive Summary of EIA report in English and in local language, prepared strictly in accordance with the ToR reference communicated from SEIAA, Gujarat, enclosed with this letter of request. Please find below mentioned items –
1. Hard copy of EIA Report 2. Soft copy of EIA Report 3. Executive Summary in English 4. Executive Summary in Gujarati
Therefore, we hereby request you to please consider our application for public hearing so that Final EIA report can be submitted to SEIAA, Gujarat for Environmental Clearance.
Thanking You,
Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
UNDERTAKING
This EIA Report is prepared for obtaining Environment Clearance (EC) of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 located near Village – Upleta, Taluka – Upleta, District – Rajkot, Gujarat with a mine lease area of 4 Ha for mining of River Bed Sand mineral with production capacity of 43,360MTPA (ROM) has been prepared as per the conditions laid down in Terms of Reference (ToR) prescribed by SEIAA, Gujarat vide letter no. File No.SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020 dated 7th July 2020.
I, Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja affirm that all the data submitted and the information presented in this report are factually correct to the best of my knowledge.
Thanking You,
Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Date:24.02.2021 Place: Gujarat
UNDERTAKING
I, Dr. Vijay Kumar Mishra, of M/s Geogreen Enviro House Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, do hereby give undertaking that we have prepared the Draft EIA/EMP Report for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 located near Village – Upleta, Taluka – Upleta, District – Rajkot, Gujarat as per Terms of Reference (ToR) prescribed vide File No. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020 dated 7th July 2020. The stated ToR has been complied with and the data mentioned in the DraftEIA/EMP Report are factually correct to the best of my knowledge.
Date:24.02.2021 Place:Gujarat
Dr. Vijay Kumar Mishra Geogreen Enviro House Pvt. Ltd., ENVIRONMENT POLICY
The integrated EHS (Environment, Health and Safety) policy ensures that I am committed to zero harm to my people and there is minimal adverse impact on the environment due to the project operations. The environment, health and safety remains core to all the project functions and operations and I commit to the following – 1. Adopt best mining and process technology for prevention, control and mitigation of emissions, effluents and waste. 2. Conserve energy, water and natural resources with absolute responsibility and ownership. 3. Manage environmental risk on a site-specific basis to achieve planned environmental outcomes. 4. Contribute to the social and economic welfare of the communities living in and around our operations and ensure environment protection. Complying with applicable legal and other requirements. 5. Identifying, assessing and managing the risks to employees, contractors and communities. 6. Providing relevant EHS training for employees, contractors and our host community. 7. Auditing our EHS management system and taking measures to rectify any lacunae. 8. The EHS policy will be reviewed periodically for its continuing applicability and relevance to our operations and it will be ensured that everyone is responsible for and must be involved in implementation of the EHS policy.
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Preamble ...... 1
1.2 General Information on Mining of Minerals ...... 1
1.3 Purpose of The Report...... 1
1.4 Identification of The Project and The Project Proponent ...... 1
1.5 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of The Project and Its Importance to Country, Region ...... 2
1.5.1 Nature of Project ...... 2
1.5.2 Environment Clearance ...... 2
1.5.3 Size of the Project ...... 2
1.5.4 Location of the Project ...... 2
1.5.5 Importance of the Project ...... 2
CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 13
2.1 General ...... 13
2.2 Type of Project ...... 13
2.3 Need of The Project...... 13
2.4 Location of The Project ...... 14
2.5 Magnitude of Operation ...... 17
2.6 Technology and Process Description ...... 17
2.6.1 Mine Development ...... 18
2.6.2 Mining Equipments ...... 19
2.7 Project Description ...... 19
2.7.1 Geology ...... 20
2.7.2 Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Project ...... 21
2.7.3 Drainage Pattern ...... 21
2.7.4 Climate & Vegetation ...... 22
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
2.7.5 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of Mined Out Area ...... 23
2.7.6 Post Mining Land Use Conceptualized ...... 23
2.7.7 Overburden/Waste Management ...... 23
2.7.8 Beneficiation/ Processing ...... 23
2.7.9 Employment Generation/Manpower Requirement ...... 23
2.7.10 Water Requirement ...... 24
2.7.11 Power Supply ...... 24
CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 25
3.1 General ...... 25
3.1.1 Laboratory Details ...... 25
3.1.2 Methodology ...... 25
3.2 Land Environment ...... 26
3.2.1 Land Use in Core Zone ...... 26
3.2.2 Land Use in Buffer Zone ...... 27
3.2.3 Seismicity of the Area ...... 28
3.2.4 Major Environmental Features in Study Area ...... 28
3.3 Soil Characteristics ...... 28
3.3.1 Soil Types in Gujarat ...... 29
3.3.2 Methodology of Soil Data Generation...... 31
3.4 Water Environment ...... 37
3.4.1 Water Quality Sampling Locations ...... 37
3.4.2 Surface and Ground Water Quality ...... 39
3.5 Air Environment ...... 59
3.5.1 Meteorology...... 59
3.5.2 Secondary Data ...... 60
3.5.3 Climatology ...... 60
3.5.4 Air Quality Measurement ...... 61
3.5.5 Mineralogical Composition of PM10 ...... 70
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
3.6 Noise Environment ...... 70
3.6.1 Types of Sound Fields ...... 71
3.6.2 Noise Level in the Study Area ...... 71
3.6.3 Ambient Noise Standards ...... 72
3.6.4 Noise Quality ...... 72
3.7 Biological Environment ...... 73
3.8 Biogeography and Physiography of the Study Area ...... 73
3.8.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies ...... 73
3.8.2 Terrestrial Environment ...... 74
3.9 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 86
3.9.1 Objectives ...... 87
3.9.2 Methodology Adopted for The Study ...... 87
3.9.3 Concepts & Definition ...... 87
3.9.4 Description of the study area ...... 88
3.9.5 Population of the Cluster Study Area ...... 89
3.9.6 Social Structure...... 90
3.9.7 Literacy ...... 92
3.9.8 Illiteracy ...... 93
3.9.9 Occupational Structure ...... 97
3.9.10 Infrastructural Facilities and Amenities in the cluster Study Area: ...... 100
3.10 Conclusion ...... 104
CHAPTER 4 – ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITITGATION MEASURES ...... 105
4.1 General ...... 105
4.2 Impact Assessment Methodology ...... 105
4.3 Land Use Pattern ...... 105
4.4 Water Environment ...... 106
4.5 Air Environnent ...... 107
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
4.5.1 Anticipated Impact ...... 107
4.6 Noise Environment ...... 108
4.7 Biological Environment ...... 109
4.8 Traffic Due to Transportation ...... 118
4.8.1 Vehicular Traffic Density ...... 118
4.8.2 During Mine Operation ...... 119
4.9 Impact on Law and Order...... 120
4.10 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 120
4.10.1 Anticipated Impacts ...... 120
4.11 Mine Waste Management...... 121
4.12 Mine Closure ...... 121
CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SITE ...... 123
5.1 General ...... 123
5.2 Factors Behind the Selection of Project Site ...... 123
5.3 Analysis of Alternative Site ...... 123
5.3.1 Site Alternatives under Consideration ...... 123
5.4 Analysis of Alternative Technology ...... 123
5.4.1 Selection of Mining Methodology ...... 123
CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES ...... 124
6.1 General ...... 124
6.2 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures ...... 124
6.2.1 Administrative Aspects & Environmental Monitoring Programme ...... 124
6.2.2 Environment Management Cell ...... 125
6.2.3 Environment Management Cell Responsibility ...... 125
6.3 Environment Monitoring Programme ...... 126
6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring ...... 126
6.3.2 Water Quality Monitoring ...... 126
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
6.3.3 Noise Levels and Vibration ...... 126
6.3.4 Soil Quality ...... 126
6.3.5 Green Belt Development ...... 126
6.4 Occupational Health and Safety ...... 129
6.4.1 Public Health Implication ...... 129
6.5 Corporate Environmental Policy ...... 130
CHAPTER 7 – ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 131
7.1 Additional Studies ...... 131
7.2 Public Hearing ...... 131
7.3 Risk Assessment ...... 131
7.3.1 Key Definitions...... 132
7.3.2 Scope of Work for Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Study...... 132
7.4 Mine Disaster Management Plan ...... 134
7.4.1 Disaster Management Plan ...... 134
7.5 Fire Fighting ...... 135
7.6 First Aid...... 135
7.7 Post Emergency Activities ...... 136
7.7.1 Mock Drill ...... 136
7.7.2 Training ...... 136
7.7.3 Disaster Management Plan Audit, Non-Conformance and Corrective Action and Preventive Action ...... 136
7.7.4 Review of Emergency Performance ...... 136
7.8 Overburden ...... 136
7.9 Heavy Machinery ...... 137
7.10 Safety Measures ...... 137
7.11 Disaster Management Plan ...... 137
7.11.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan ...... 137
7.12 Fire Fighting Facilities ...... 137
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
7.13 Emergency Medical Facilities ...... 138
7.14 Rehabilitation & Resettlement ...... 138
CHAPTER 8 – REPLENISHMENT STUDY ...... 139
8.1 Introduction ...... 139
8.2 Objective ...... 139
8.3 Project Location ...... 139
8.3.1 State of Gujarat ...... 139
8.3.2 Rajkot District...... 140
8.3.3 Bhadar River Plain...... 140
8.3.4 Bhadar River ...... 140
8.4 Climate ...... 142
8.5 Local Geology ...... 142
8.6 Summary of Reserves as per Approved Mine Plan...... 143
8.7 Replenishment Study...... 144
8.7.1 Source of Ordinary Sand in Proposed River Bed Area ...... 144
8.7.2 Method of Replenishment Study ...... 145
8.7.3 Conclusion ...... 145
CHAPTER 9 – PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 146
9.1 General ...... 146
9.2 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure ...... 146
9.3 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure...... 146
9.4 Employment Potential ...... 146
9.5 Socio-Economic Benefits ...... 146
9.6 Conclusion ...... 147
CHAPTER 10 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 148
10.1 General ...... 148
10.2 Environment Management System ...... 148
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
10.2.1 Policy ...... 148
10.2.2 Environment Cell ...... 148
10.2.3 Proposed Environmental Management Plan ...... 148
10.3 Waste Management ...... 149
10.4 Air Pollution Management and Control ...... 149
10.4.1 Control of Fugitive Emissions and Gaseous Pollution ...... 149
10.5 Water Management and Control ...... 150
10.5.1 Surface Water Management ...... 150
10.5.2 Ground Water Management ...... 150
10.5.3 Details of Water Conservation Measures Proposed ...... 150
10.6 Noise Pollution ...... 150
10.6.1 Noise Abattement and Control ...... 150
10.7 Biological Management Measures ...... 151
10.8 Greenbelt Development Plan ...... 151
10.9 Plantation Programme ...... 152
10.9.1 Post Plantation Care...... 152
10.10 Occupational Hazards and Safety ...... 152
10.11 Socio-Economic Conditions of the Region ...... 153
10.12 Cost of Environment Control Measures ...... 153
10.13 Corporate Environmental Policy ...... 154
10.14 Conclusion ...... 154
CHAPTER 11 – SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 155
11.1 Introduction ...... 155
11.2 Details About the Project ...... 155
11.3 Air Environment ...... 156
11.4 Water Environment ...... 156
11.5 Noise Environment ...... 157
11.6 Waste Management ...... 157
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
11.7 Greenbelt Development...... 158
11.8 Conclusion ...... 158
CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 159
12.1 General ...... 159
12.2 List of Functional Area Experts ...... 159
12.3 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person 160
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 – Coordinates of The Proposed Project ...... 2 Table 1.2 – Point-Wise Compliance of Prescribed ToR ...... 3 Table 2.1 – Nearest Amenities, Demographical and Physiographical Features of The Proposed Project ...... 14 Table 2.2 – Coordinates of the Proposed Project ...... 14 Table 2.3 – Year Wise Development and Production of Proposed Project ...... 17 Table 2.4 – Year Wise Development and Production (Cluster) ...... 17 Table 2.5 – Design Parameters of the Proposed Project ...... 18 Table 2.6 – Bench Wise River Sand Excavation Along Section L-L' for the Proposed Project .. 19 Table 2.7 – List of Machinery to be Used in The Proposed Project ...... 19 Table 2.8 – Brief Description of The Project ...... 19 Table 2.9 – Land Use Breakup of The Proposed Project ...... 21 Table 2.10 – Direct Employment Generation due to the Proposed Project ...... 23 Table 2.11 – Water Requirement for Proposed Project ...... 24 Table 3.1 – Laboratory Details ...... 25 Table 3.2 – Land Use Pattern of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 ...... 26 Table 3.3 – Land Use Breakup of the Cluster ...... 27 Table 3.4 – Soil Sample Collection Points ...... 31 Table 3.5 – Soil Monitoring Analysis ...... 33 Table 3.6 – Water Sampling Locations...... 37 Table 3.7 – Surface Water Physiological & Microbiological Characteristics ...... 39 Table 3.8 – Ground Water Monitoring Analysis ...... 47 Table 3.9 – Climatological Data ...... 60 Table 3.10 – Ambient Air Monitoring Stations ...... 61 Table 3.11 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 62 Table 3.12 – Mineralogical Composition of PM10 ...... 70 Table 3.13 – Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 71 Table 3.14 – Ambient Noise Quality Standards ...... 72 Table 3.15 – Hourly Leq Noise Level in the Study Area ...... 73 Table 3.16 – Floral Species in Study Area ...... 74 Table 3.17 – Faunal Species in Study Area ...... 82 Table 3.18 – Details of the State Gujarat District Rajkot and Study Area ...... 88 Table 3.19 – Total Geographical Area of the Cluster Study Area ...... 88 Table 3.20 – Demographic Structure of the Cluster Study Area ...... 95 Table 3.21 – Population Breakup Details in Study Area ...... 96 Table 3.22 – Occupational Pattern of the Cluster Study Area ...... 99 Table 3.23 – Medical Facilities in the Study Area ...... 102 Table 3.24 – Educational Facilities of The Study Area ...... 103 Table 4.1 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Environment ... 106 Table 4.2 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment .. 106 Table 4.3 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Air Environment ...... 108 Table 4.4 – Equipment for Noise Generation (Cluster) ...... 108 Table 4.5 – Permissible Exposure Noise Levels ...... 108 Table 4.6 – Noise Exposure Levels & Its Effects ...... 109 Table 4.7 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment .. 109 Table 4.8 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Biological Environment ...... 109 Table 4.9 – List of Plants Proposed for Green Belt Development...... 111
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Table 4.10 – Existing Traffic Scenario ...... 118 Table 4.11 – V/C Ratio & LOS ...... 119 Table 4.12 – Increase in Traffic Due to Proposed Cluster ...... 119 Table 4.13 – Traffic Scenario After Commencement of Mining...... 119 Table 4.14 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment ...... 121 Table 6.1 – Implementation Schedule ...... 124 Table 6.2 – Environmental Monitoring Programe ...... 127 Table 6.3 – Proposed Budget Allocation for Labour Welfare ...... 129 Table 6.4 – CER budget for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 ...... 130 Table 7.1 – First Aid Kit ...... 135 Table 8.1 – Coordinates of Proposed Project...... 139 Table 8.2 – Mine Site Details ...... 143 Table 8.3 – Year Wise Development and Production of Proposed Project ...... 144 Table 8.4 – Replenishment Rate for the Proposed Project ...... 145 Table 10.1 – Proposed Activities and Budget Allocated for Environment Management ...... 153 Table 10.2 – CER Budget for The Proposed Project ...... 154 Table 11.1 – Brief Description of The Project ...... 155 Table 11.2 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Air Environment .... 156 Table 11.3 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment 156 Table 11.4 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment 157
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure Heading
I Letter of Intent
II Approved Mine Plan with Progressive Mine Closure Plan
III Terms of Reference
IV Questionnaire for Environmental Appraisal
V Cluster Map
VI Replenishment Study
VII GIS Maps
VIII Consultant Accreditation Details
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN ENGLISH
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction 1.1Purpose of The Report EIA is carried out as per cluster study for the estimation of the impact of the 15 leases in the cluster (total mining area in the cluster is 40.02 Ha of riverbed sand mining only). One of the mines in the cluster named Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat having lease area 4.00 Ha and Survey No. BhadarNadiPaiky was granted ToR on 7th July 2020, vide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020.
1.2 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of The Project and Its Importance to Country, Region 1.2.1 Nature of Project Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is a green field project characterized by open-cast semi- mechanised mining in nature. The land under the use is Government land. There is no proposal of drilling and blasting throughout the mining period. The extracted mineral shall be sold in the nearby market.
1.2.1 Size of the Project The total mine lease area is 4 Ha of mineral River Bed Sand. The lease area is Government land.
1.2.2 Location of the Project The proposed project falls on Survey of India toposheet nos. F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 near village Upleta. The proposed project is approximately 2.7 km away from Upleta village in West direction. SH1 is about 3 km from the project site in the NW direction. The nearest Railway Station is Upleta Railway Station which is about 4 km in NW direction with a railway track about 1 km in the North direction.
1.3 Identification of Project Proponent 1.3.1 Project Proponent Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja has his registered office at 2/4, Paras Society, Opp – Panchvati Post Office, Bedi Bandar Road, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
1.3.2 Environmental Consultant Name: In Situ Care Address –E-7/829, Shahpura, Area Colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh – 462016 Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1821/RA0070
1.3.3 Laboratory Details Name: Gaheli Environmental Laboratory (A unit of GaheliCenter of Research and Development Pvt. Ltd.) (EnISO 9001:2015, 14001:2015 Certified Company) (En OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Lab) Address –DSIDC, Shade – 2nd Floor, Opposite Meghraj Sweets, Wazirpur Industrial Area, New Delhi-110052
2. Project Description 2.1Need of the Project Sand in the river channel and floodplains constitutes an important raw material in the construction industry and has a variety of uses in this sector. River sand is used along with cement, gravel, water and steel for making reinforced concrete.
Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
2.2 Location of the Project The proposed project is situated near near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat. 10 km study area covers Moji Nadi, UtavaliNadi, Moj Dam, villages Upleta, Khakhijaliya, Supedi, Jhanjhmer etc. In addition to this, prominent features within 15 km of the proposed project area are SavaroliNadi, Bhadar Reservoir, Moj Dam etc.
2.3Salient Features of the Project
Table 2.1 – Brief Description of The Project S. Details of Project Description No. 1 Mine Leases Area 4 Ha 2 Proposed Production 43,360 MTPA 3 Excavation Proposed 5 years 4 Leasee S. Mine Leasee Contact Details No. Village Upleta, District Upleta, Shri Gujarat - 360490 1 DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Mobile No. 9974111101, Email Jadeja ID - [email protected] Pillar Boundary Latitude Longitude No. 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E 7 Type of Land Riverbed 8 Minerals of Mine Ordinary Sand 9 Topo-Sheet Number F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 10 Project Cost Rs. 32.63 Lakhs 11 No of Working Days 300
2.5Development &Production Plan
Table 2.2 –Year Wise Development and Production of Project Tentative Top OB/SB/ ROM Mineral Yea Pit ROM/Waste Excavation Soil IB (MTP Reject r No. Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) A) (cum) I 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 II 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 III 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 IV 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 V 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 (Source: Approved Mine Plan) Table Error! No text of specified style in document..3 – Year Wise Development and Production (Cluster)
Tentative Top Mineral Pit OB/SB/IB ROM ROM/Waste Year Excavation Soil Reject No. (cum) (MTPA) Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
I 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 II 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 III 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 IV 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 V 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 Approx. values assuming the same rate of production for other mines present in the cluster (Source: Approved Mine Plans)
2.4.3 Reclamation of Mine Area No proposal for reclamation of pits or worked area is made. The riverbed will be replenished with Ordinary Sand every year by flood water from upstream side, filling the excavations. (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.4.4 Water Requirement The water requirement at the proposed project is for the drinking & domestic use, dust suppression and for the proposed plantation. The total water requirement for the proposed project is 3 KLD. Water requirement will be fulfilled by procuring it from nearby village and transported through mobile water tankers.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document..4 – Water Requirement for Proposed Project
S. Quantity Purpose No. (KLD) 1 Drinking & Domestic Purposes 0.3 2 Dust Suppression 1.7 3 Plantation 1.0 Total 3.0
2.4.5 Employment Generation The total manpower requirement for the proposed mining project is 6 persons. Preference for employment will be given to locals. The proposed project will also generate indirect employment opportunities for the locals.
2.4.6 Mining Equipment The extraction of Ordinary Sand will be done with the help of excavator, backhoe excavators, loaded into trucks and will be sent to nearby market. The mine will be developed and operated using the following machines –
Table Error! No text of specified style in document..5 – List of Machinery to be Used in The Proposed Project
S. Type of Machinery Quantity No. 1 Tata-Hitachi 1 2 Tipper (10 MT) 3 3 Tractor 1 4 Jeep (for inspection) 1 5 Water Tanker (1 KLD) 1 6 Water Pump (5-10 HP) 2 (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
3. Description of Environment To study the baseline environment for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2of area 4 Ha, the study area has been separated in two zones, core zone and buffer zone. Core zone has been considered the area within the mine lease and buffer zone has been considered 10 km boundary from mine lease.
3.1 Air Environment Table 3.1 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Air Environment
Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Dust generation due to loading and 1. The speed of trucks on haul road will be transportation of mineral. controlled as increased speed increases dust 2. Wind erosion of exposed material. emissions. Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided. The trucks/tippers will have sufficient free board. Spillage, if any of mineral on public roads will be cleared immediately and vehicles will play at safe speed. 2. Planting of trees all along main mine haul road and regular grading of haul roads will be practiced to prevent the generation of dust due to movement of dumpers/trucks. Green belt of adequate width will be developed around the lease area. 3. Regular monitoring of air at specified locations will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
3.2 Land Environment Table 3.2 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Environment
Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Obstruction in river flow. 1. Mining will be done in strict compliance with 2. Erosion of channel bed and banks. the approved mine plan. 3. Increase in channel slope. 2. Mining activity will be carried out in a manner 4. Change in channel morphology. so that there is no obstruction to water flow in 5. Impact on stream’s physical characteristics, the river during rainy season. such as channel geometry, bed elevation in 3. Wherever soil exists, the excavation up to 1 m stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, above soil level will be carried out. discharge capacity, sediment transportation 4. No mining within 45 m radius from each water capacity etc. well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either 1. Impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine side of existing culverts will be carried out for regime. saving aquatic flora & fauna and for standing of wells etc. so that it prohibited 4 m either road side, anicuts, open well, huts & restricted at forest boundary. 5. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 6. Once a pre determined area has been exhausted of the Ordinary sand, no mining activity will be carried out.
3.3 Water Environment
Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
Table 3.3 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment
Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Intersection of water table. 1. No mining within 45 m radius from each water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either side of existing culverts will be carried out. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level where as the ground water table exists 7-10 m below the surface. Therefore, the ground water table will not be intersected. 1. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
2. Discharge into the river. 1. Mines will be closed during the rains. 2. No diversion is proposed. There will not be any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 3. No washing of equipments will be done inside the mining lease areas. 4. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 1. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 3. Flow pattern might be changed due to river bed 1. No diversion is proposed. There will not be any mining. adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 2. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level, which will not cause much change in flow pattern of the river.
3.4 Noise Environment Table 3.4 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment
Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Impacts 1. Noise impact due to mining activities. 1. No other equipments except the transportation 2. Noise impact due to vehicular movement. vehicles and excavator for loading will be allowed. 2. Proper maintenance of all equipments/ machines will be carried out which will help in reducing noise during operations. 3. Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and vicinity of river bank. 4. Ear muffs will be provided to the workers while working on mining equipments. 5. Regular health checkups will be conducted for the worked.
Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Executive Summary
1. Regular noise monitoring will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
3.5 Waste Management No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make a retaining wall in a manner such that flow of water does not get disturbed.(Source: Approved Mine Plan)
3.6 Greenbelt Development Green belt development will be done for 33% of total mine lease area at 1 plant per 5 m2 of land. Saplings will be planted in suitable locations after consultation with concerned authorities. Green belt development reduces noise level, reduces gaseous pollution and particulate matter pollution.
4. Additional Studies 4.1 Public Hearing This is Draft EIA report; public hearing is yet to be conducted. Details of public hearing will be incorporated after conducting public hearing.
5.Project Benefits 1. Employment will be given to 6 persons. 2. The project will lead to the overall development of the nearby areas through employment generation, improved standard of living, revenue to the state in the form of royalty, improved transport facilities etc. 3. The project proponents will also contribute through Corporate Environmental Responsibility and Labour Welfare Programs.
6. Environmental Management Plan 1. Approximate annual recurring cost for dust suppression will be Rs.17.4 Lakhs. 2. Recurring cost for environmental management will be approximately Rs.20.85Lakhs peryear. 3. CER budget will be done at Rs.2 Lakhsper annum.
7. Conclusions As per above discussion there is no major impact on the environment due to mining except fugitive emission in the form of dust generation during excavation, handling and loading of mineral. The adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Plantation development will be carried out in the along the approach roads, around Govt. Buildings, Schools, etc. It will prove an effective pollution mitigate technique and help avoid soil erosion during monsoon season. Employment opportunities will be provided to the locals as extraction of mineral from the mine site. Overall, the project will have positive impact for socio-economic development of nearby communities.
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Shri DhruvrajsinhAshoksinh Jadeja
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN GUJARATI સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ڙڅښἵ ڔ .1 ુ હતેگ᷷ړڊگ ڔښἵ 1.1 ՙӌչһӋӄӕ15 લીઝની અસરના અંદાજ માટે ՙӌչһӋ ң հӊӕӑ મજુ બ EIA હાથ ધરવામાં આવે છે) ՙӌչһӋӉӕҡકુલ ખાણકામ ԟ ӟԋ ӆԝ ӖӋӎӋӇ ӟլҽ રતે ી ખાણકામનો 40.02 ӒӟһӋછે .(ઉપલેટા, તાલુકા ઉપલેટા, ӖҸ ճӌӕરાજકોટ અને Ӌӕԧ ગજુ રાત પાસે ઉપલેટા ү ӖҽӪӄӋәરતે ી կӌӢұ સી. ૨ નામના ՙӌչһӋӉӕҡӄәએક ખાણ, 00.૦૦ હે .અને ӑӎӲ નંબર. ભાદર નાડી પાયકીને 7 જુલાઇ 2020 ના રોજ) TOR) મજં ૂ રી આપવામાં આવી હતી, Ӆԋ નંબર નં . એસઇઆઈએ / Ӿ ӊҸӚ ӟ/ ટીઓઆર / 1 )એ /(853/2020.
1.2 ԐұӜӖӀ, કદ, ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡչӁӕӄ અને દે શ, Ԑӂӟӏ માટે તને ું ӉӒըӎӄӚҡӑ ҡӖԟ Ճ ӎҿ Ӫӄ 1.2.1 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄәԐұӜӖӀ ઉપલેટા ү ӖҽӪӄӋәӑӟլҽ կӌӢұ - સી .2 એ Ԇәӄ ӆәճҽ ԐӢҸӟһ છે જે ԐұӜӖӀӉӕҡҲ Ӛճӌӕұӕչһ ң Ӄ-ӪӊӕҡӖԋұ ખાણકામ ՀӕӋӕӎҳӯұӜӀ થયલે છે. ઉપયોગ હેઠળની જમીન સરકારી જમીન છે. ખાણકામના ӑӉԆ સમયગાળા દરિમયાન ӖҽӬӖӌҡҳ અને կӌӕӖչһҡҳӄәકોઈ ӂӋҲ ӕչӀ નથી. કા◌લે ખિનજ ӄӾ ұӄӕӇ ӽ ӋӉӕҡવેચવામાં આવશ.ે
1.2.1 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡકદ કુ લ ખાણ લીઝ ӖӎչӀӕӋખિનજ નદી બેડ રતે ીનો 4 હે. લીઝ ӖӎչӀӕӋસરકારી જમીન છે.
1.2.2 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡչӁӕӄ સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһ ӑӎӲҥӖլҽӊӕӄӕટોપોશીટ નંબર પર આવે છે. ઉપલેટા ગામ ӄӾ ұ F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 અને F42Q06. સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһ ӅӖՆ Ӊ િદશામાં ઉપલેટા ગામથી આશરે 2.7 િકમી દૂર છે. એસએચ 1 એ Ҭ ӄҽկճӊӚ િદશામાં ԐӢҸӟһ સાઇટથી લગભગ 3 િકમી દૂર છે. ӄӾ ұӄӚҡӋճӟӎӟչһӟӏ ӄ ઉપલેટા Ӌճӟӎӟչһӟӏ ӄ છે જે ҧԱӋ િદશામાં રલે વે һӬӟұ સાથે આશરે િક.મી.
1.3 ԐӢҸ ӟһ ԐӢӅӢҹ Ӌӄәઓળખ 1.3.1 ԐӢҸ ӟһ ԐӢӅӢҹ Ӌ ԚәԎӚӎӋӕҸ ӖӑҡӒ અશોકિસંહ ӽ ҽӟӽ ӄәӋӾ չһӋ થયેલ કચેરી 2/4, પારસ સોસાયટી, પંચવટી ӅӢչһ ઓિફસ સામ,ે બેદી બંદર રોડ, ӽ ӉӄҳӋ, ગજુ રાત છે.
1.3.2 ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ әӊ સલાહકાર નામ: ઇન સીટુ કે રમાં સરનામું - ઇ -7 / 829, શાહપુરા, ԟ ӟԋ કોલોની, ભોપાલ, ӉիӊԐӂӟӏ - 462016 ԐӉӕҿ Ӆԋ નંબર નાબેટ / ઇઆઇએ / 1821 / આરએ 10070
1.3.3 લેબોરટે રી િવગતો નામ: ગહેલી ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ әӊ ԐӊӢҳ ӏ ӕӍ ӕ (ગહેલી ӑӟլһӋઓફ ӖӋӑҶӪҬ լҽ ҽӟӎӌӅӉӟլһ Ԑӕ.િલ.નું એકમ) (EnISO 9001:2015, 14001:2015 ӑӖһӪӆӕҥҽ કંપની) (En OHSAS 18001:2007 ӑӖһӪӆӕҥҽ લબે ) સરનામું –ડીએસઆઈડીસી, શેડ - બીજો માળ, મેઘરાજ չӎәգӑӄәસામે, ӎӾ ӋӅӚӋ ԾӢӖҳұ ԟ ӟԋ, નવી ӖӂճӒә- 110052
2. પિરયોજના નું ӎҿ Ӫӄ 2.1 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄәҸ ԁ Ӌ છે નદીના નદી અને પૂરના મેદાનોમાં રતે ી બાંધકામ ҧԾӢҳӉӕҡએક ӉӒըӎӅӛҿ Ӫકાચી ӑӕӉԆәબનાવે છે અને આ ԟ ӟԋӉӕҡતેનો ઉપયોગ િવિવધ છે. ԐӇ ӖӌӀ ұӢӖҡԃһ બનાવવા માટે ӖӑӉӟլһ, કાંકરી, પાણી અને չһәӌ સાથે નદીની રતે ીનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવે છે.
2.2 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡչӁӕӄ સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһ ઉપલેટા, તાલુકા ઉપલેટા, ӖҸ ճӌӢરાજકોટ અને Ӌӕԧ ગજુ રાત ӄӾ ұ આવલે ું છે. 10 િક.મી.ના ң իӊӊӄ ԟ ӟԋӉӕҡӉӢӾ નાડી, ઉતાવલી નાડી, મોજ ડેમ, ગામો ઉપલેટા, ખાખીજલીયા, સુપેડી, ઝાંઝમેર વગેરે છે.
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
આ ઉપરાંત, સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһ ԟ ӟԋӄӕ15 િક.મી.ની અંદરની ӉӚ՚ӊ ӌӕԟ Ӗҿ ұӀӕү સાવરોિલ નાડી, ભાદર જળાશય, મોજ ડેમ વગેરે છે.
2.3 ԐӢҸ ӟһӄәӉӚ՚ӊ સુિવધાઓ
ұӢՋұ 2.1 - ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡӑ ҡӖԟ Ճ ӎҿ Ӫӄ ԃӉ ԐӢҸ ӟһӄәિવગતો ӎҿ Ӫӄ નં. હા 4 ښڤڏḚڝڥ پڤڊḄ ڔ ખાણ 1 એમટીપીએ 43,360 ړڑڤ ڔḉٷ સૂિચત 2 ᷷ڟڝ 5 ڏḚڤ ځښڑ ખોદકામ 3 ژપટો Ṁ 4 ᷷િવગતોڀ ٱڔڠ ખાણ પટો ન.ં . ગામ ઉપલેટા, ӖҸ ճӌӢઉપલેટા, ગજુ રાત - ڡٱڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ 1 360490 ,ἒ મોબાઈલ નંબર. 9974111101ڬڌ ἒڡٱڠἶڀگڞ ٳ Email ID - [email protected] રખે ાશં ٱڞڤ᷵ ٳ ં.સીમા ન ٱڗڏḚ 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E 7 જમીનનો ԐұӕӋ િરવરબેડ 8 ખાણ ખનીજ ӑӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી 9 ટોપો-શીટ નંબર F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 10 ԐӢҸӟһ Ҳ ҶӪ ԁ . 32.63 લાખ 11 કામકાજના િદવસોની ӑ՚ҡӊӕ 300
2.5 િવકાસ અને ҧըӅӕӂӄ યોજના
ұӢՋұ 2.2 - ӎӐӪમજુ બનો િવકાસ અને ԐӢҸ ӟһӄӚҡҧըӅӕӂӄ Tentative Top OB/SB/I ROM Mineral Ye ROM/Waste Pit No. Excavation Soil B (MTPA Reject ar Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) ) (cum) I 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 II 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 III 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 IV 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 V 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 (ખાણ યોજના ڙḍڤ ژ :ڏگḚṏ) Table Error! No text of specified style in document..3 – Year Wise Development and Production (Cluster)
Tentative Top Mineral Pit OB/SB/IB ROM ROM/Waste Year Excavation Soil Reject No. (cum) (MTPA) Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) I 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 II 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 III 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 IV 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 V 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
Approx. values assuming the same rate of production for other mines present in the cluster (ખાણ યોજનાઓ ڙḍڤ ژ :ڏگ ṟ)
2.4.3 ખાણ ӖӎչӀӕӋӄәફરી સધુ ારણા ખાડાઓ અથવા ұӕӊӪӋӀ ӖӎչӀӕӋӄӟસધુ ારવા માટેની કોઈ ӂӋҲ ӕչӀ નથી. નદીના ӅԨӕӄӟદર ӎӐӲપૂરના પાણી ՀӕӋӕ ખોદકામ ભરીને ӑӕӉӕլӊ રતે ીથી ફરી ભરવામાં આવશ.ે (ખાણ યોજના ڙḍڤ ژ - ڏگ ṟ)
2.4.4 પાણીની Ҥ ӎնӊұӀӕ સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһӉӕҡપાણીની Ҹ ԁ ӖӋӊӕӀ પીવાના અને ઘરલે ું વપરાશ માટે, ધૂળના દમન માટે અને સૂિચત વાવેતર માટે છે. સૂિચત ԐӢҸӟһ માટે પાણીની કુ લ Ҥ ӎնӊұӀӕ3 કેએલડી છે. પાણીની Ҹ ԁ ӖӋӊӕӀ ӄӾ ұӄӕગામમાંથી મેળવીને મોબાઇલ વોટર һӟլұӋՀӕӋӕપિરવહન કરવામાં આવશે.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document..4 – Water Requirement for Proposed Project
S. Quantity Purpose No. (KLD) 1 Drinking & Domestic Purposes 0.3 2 Dust Suppression 1.7 3 Plantation 1.0 Total 3.0
2.4.5 રોજગાર જનરશે ન સૂિચત ખાણકામ ԐӢҸӟһ માટે કુ લ માનવબળની Ҹ ԁ ӖӋӊӕӀ 6 յӊӖԝ ү છે. չӁӕӖӄұӢӄӟરોજગાર માટેની પસંદગી આપવામાં આવશ.ે ԐչӀӕӖӎӀ ԐӢҸӟһ չӁӕӖӄұ લોકોને ӅӋӢԟ રોજગારની તકો પણ ҧըӅՂ કરશ.ે
2.4.6 ખાણકામ સાધનો ү ӖҽӪӄӋәરતે ી કાવાનું કામ ખોદકામ કરનાર, બેકહોઉ ખોદકામ કરનારા, һӬұӉӕҡભરલે ા લોકોની મદદથી કરવામાં આવશે અને ӄӾ ұӄӕӇ ӽ ӋӉӕҡમોકલવામાં આવશે. ખાણ નીચેના મશીનોનો ઉપયોગ કરીને િવકિસત અને સંચાિલત કરવામાં આવશે –
Table Error! No text of specified style in document..5 – List of Machinery to be Used in The Proposed Project
S. Type of Machinery Quantity No. 1 Tata-Hitachi 1 2 Tipper (10 MT) 3 3 Tractor 1 4 Jeep (for inspection) 1 5 Water Tanker (1 KLD) 1 6 Water Pump (5-10 HP) 2 (Յ ӢӀ - Ӊӕլӊ ખાણ યોજના) 3. ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ ӄӚҡӎҿ Ӫӄ ઉપલેટા ү ӖҽӪӄӋәӑӟլҽ կӌӢұ - ӖӎչӀӕӋ 4 ӒӟһӋӄӕસી .2 ના બેઝલાઇન વાતાવરણનો ң հӊӕӑ કરવા માટે, ң հӊӕӑ ԟ ӟԋӄӟબે ઝોન, કોર ઝોન અને બફર ઝોનમાં અલગ કરવામાં Ҥ յӊӢછે. કોર ઝોનને માઇન લીઝ પરનો ӖӎչӀӕӋ માનવામાં Ҥ յӊӢછે અને બફર ઝોનને માઇન લીઝથી 10 િકલોમીટરની સીમા માનવામાં આવી છે. 3.1 હવા વાતાવરણ
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
ұӢՋұ 3.1 - હવા ӅӊӕӎӪӋҿ માટે ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો અને સૂિચત ઘટાડા પગલાં ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો શમન પગલાં 1. ખિનજની લોિડંગ અને પિરવહનને કારણે 1. ӎӜӖԺ ӄә ગિતથી ધૂળના ҧըӑҸ ӪӄӉӕҡવધારો ધૂળની ҧըӅӖԱ. થાય તેમ હાલોલ રોડ પર һӬұӢӄә ગિત ӖӄӊҡӖԋӀ 2. Ҳ ӚճӌәӑӕӉԆәӄӚҡપવન ધોવાણ. કરવામાં આવશ.ે પિરવહન વાહનોનું વધુ ભારણ ટાળશે. һӬұ / િટપર પાસે પૂરતું ԑә Ӈ ӢҽӪહશ.ે છં ટકાવ, જો ӽ ӒӟӋ Ӊӕҳӷ પરના કોઈપણ ખિનજ ӀըӎӢӄӟӀӕըұӕӖӌұ સાફ કરવામાં આવશે અને વાહનો સલામત ગિતથી ચાલશે. 2. ҽձӅӋӢ / һӬұӢӄә અવરજવરને કારણે ધૂળની ҧըӅӖԱ અટકાવવા ӉӚ՚ӊ ખાણના મારો ӋչӀӕӄә આજુબાજુ તમામ ӎԟӜ ӢӄӚҡવાવેતર અને હulલ Ӊӕҳӷӄә િનયિમત ધોરણે ԆӟӖҽҡҳ કરવાની ԐӁӕ કરવામાં આવશે. લીઝ ӖӎչӀӕӋӄә આસપાસ ӅӊӕӪՃ પહોળાઈનો Ԇәӄ Ӈ ӟճһ િવકિસત કરવામાં આવશ.ે 3. ખાણકામના ԐӢҸӟһӄӟકારણે કોઈ િવપરીત અસર ન થાય તે માટે ҶӢԜ ӑ չӁӍ ӢҬ હવાનું િનયિમત ӖӄӋәԟ ҿ કરવામાં આવશે.
3.2 જમીન ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ
ұӢՋұ 2.૨ - ભૂિમ ӅӊӕӎӪӋҿ માટે ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો અને સૂિચત ઘટાડા પગલાં અસરો શમન પગલાં ڏ᷵ڬڥ ڔ ٳ 1. નદીના ԐӎӕӒӉӕҡઅવરોધ. 1. ખાણકામ Ӊӕլӊ ખાણ યોજનાના કડક 2. ચેનલ બડે અને Ӈ ӱұӢӄӚҡધોવાણ. પાલનમાં કરવામાં આવશે. 3. ચેનલ ઢાળ માં વધારો 2. વરસાદની મોસમમાં નદીમાં પાણીના 4. ચેનલ ӉӢӆӷӌӢӾ Ӊӕҡફેરફાર. ԐӎӕӒӉӕҡકોઈ અવરોધ ન આવે તે રીતે ખાણકામની 5. ԐӎӕӒӄә ભૌિતક ӌӕԟ Ӗҿ ұӀӕү , જમે કે ચેનલ ԐӎӜӖԱ હાથ ધરવામાં આવશ.ે ભૂિમિત, પલંગની ԐӎӕӒӄә રફનેસમાં પલંગની 3. ԧ ӕҡપણ માટી ң ӖչӀըӎӉӕҡછે ըӊӕҡજમીનની elev◌ં ચાઇ, ԐӎӕӒ વેગ, ӖӎӑҸ Ӫӄӄә ԟ ӉӀӕ, કાંપ સપાટીથી 1 મીટર સુધીની ખોદકામ કરવામાં પિરવહન ԟ ӉӀӕવગેરે પર અસર આવશે 6. િરવરલાઇન શાસનના ҥұӢӌӢӾ ұӌ સંતુલન પર 4. જળચર ӎӄչӅӖӀ અને Ԑӕҿ әӑӜӖՋ બચાવવા અસર. અને કુ વાઓ ભા રાખવા માટે દરકે પાણીના કૂ વા, અંિતમ ӑҡչұӕӋ અને 45 િક.મી.ની Ӗԋԧ ӕબાજુથી કોઈ ખાણકામ હાથ ધરવામાં આવશે નહીં જથે ી તે ӋչӀӕӄә બાજુ માં 4 મીટર ԐӖӀӇ ҡӖӃӀ હોય, Ҭ ӄӕӖäұգӑ, સારી રીતે ખોલો, ઝૂંપડીઓ અને વનની સીમમાં ԐӖӀӇ ҡӖӃӀ. 5. કોઈ કચરો કા ◌ી નાખવામાં આવશે નહી.ં તેમ છતા,ં પાણીના ԐӎӕӒӄӟӖӎԟ ӟӅ ન પડે તે રીતે ӽ Ӎ ӎә રાખવાની િદવાલ બનાવવા માટે રોક કાંકરા અને નાના ӅթӁӋӢ અલગથી չһackક કરવામાં આવશ.ે
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
6. એકવાર ӅӛӎӪӖӄӃӕӪӖӋӀ ӖӎչӀӕӋ ӑӕӉӕլӊ રતે ીથી ખાલી થઈ ગયા પછી, ખાણકામની કોઈ ԐӎӜӖԱ હાથ ધરવામાં આવશે નહી.ં
3.3 જળ ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ
ұӢՋұ 3.3 - પાણીના વાતાવરણ માટે ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો અને સૂિચત ઘટાડા પગલાં ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો શમન પગલાં 1. પાણીના ટબે લનું આંતરછેદ. 1. દરકે પાણીના કૂ વામાંથી અંિતમ ӑҡչұӕӋ અને 45 મીટર સુધીના હાલના ұճӎӋһӪӄә કોઈપણ બાજુથી m 45 મીટર Ӗԋԧ ӕӄә અંદર કોઈ ખાણકામ કરવામાં આવશે નહી.ં . 2. ખાણકામ જમીનના չӀӋӁә1.5-2 મીટ સુધી ӉӊӕӪӖӂӀ રહશે ે ԧ ӕҡӈ ӛҳӈҸӪӍ ӄӚҡұӢՋұ સપાટીથી 7-10 મીટર નીચે છે. તેથી, ӈ ӛҳӈ Ӫજળના ұӢՋұӄӟ છેદે નહી.ં 3. ખાણકામના ԐӢҸӟһӄӟકારણે કોઈ િવપરીત અસર ન થાય તે માટે સપાટીના પાણી અને ӈ ӛҳӈ Ӫ જળની િનયિમત દેખરખે કરવામાં આવશે.
ે.વરસાદ દરિમયાન Ӊӕҥլӑ બંધ રહેશ .1 ڝڤ નદીમાં ṟ .2 2. કોઈ ҽӕӊӎҹӪӄ સૂચવતું નથી. ծӌӢ Ӆӟһӄ,Ӫ સપાટી ӒӕҥҽӬӢӌӢӾ અને ӈ ӛҳӈ Ӫજળ શાસન પર કોઈ િવપરીત અસર નહીં થાય. 3. માઇિનંગ લીઝ ӖӎչӀӕӋӢӉӕҡ કોઈ પણ ઉપકરણો ધોવાશે નહીં 4. કોઈ કચરો કા l◌ી નાખવામાં આવશે નહી.ં તેમ છતા,ં પાણીના ԐӎӕӒӄӟӖӎԟ ӟӅ ન પડે તે રીતે ӽ Ӎ ӎә રાખવાની િદવાલ બનાવવા માટે રોક કાંકરા અને નાના ӅթӁӋӢ અલગથી չһackક કરવામાં આવશ.ે 5. ખાણકામના ԐӢҸӟһӄӟકારણે કોઈ િવપરીત અસર ન થાય તે માટે સપાટીના પાણી અને ӈ ӛҳӈ Ӫ જળની િનયિમત દેખરખે કરવામાં આવશે
રીત 1. કોઈ ҽӕӊӎҹӪӄ સૂચવતું નથી. ծӌӢ Ӆӟһӄ,Ӫڦ ړڡڤڝનદીના પલંગના ખાણકામને કારણે Ṕ .3 બદલાઈ શકે છે. સપાટી ӒӕҥҽӬӢӌӢӾ અને ӈ ӛҳӈ Ӫજળ શાસન પર કોઈ િવપરીત અસર નહીં થાય. 2. કોઈ કચરો કા l◌ી નાખવામાં આવશે નહી.ં તેમ છતા,ં પાણીના ԐӎӕӒӄӟӖӎԟ ӟӅ ન પડે તે રીતે ӽ Ӎ ӎә રાખવાની િદવાલ બનાવવા માટે રોક કાંકરા અને નાના ӅթӁӋӢ અલગથી չһackક કરવામાં આવશ.ે 3. ખાણકામ જમીનના չӀӋӁә1.5-2 મીટ સુધી
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
ӉӊӕӪӖӂӀ રહેશ,ે જે નદીના ԐӎӕӒӄӕ દાખલામાં વધુ ӅӖӋӎӀӪӄ લાવશે નહી.ં
3.4 અવાજ ӅӊӕӎӪӋҿ
ұӢՋұ 3.4 - ઘોઘં ાટવાળા ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ માટે ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો અને સૂિચત હટાવવાના પગલાં ң ӅӟӖԟ Ӏ અસરો શમન અસરો 1. ખાણકામની ԐӎӖӜԱү ӄӟ કારણે 1. પિરવહન વાહનો અને લોિડંગ માટે ҧըҲ ӄӄ અવાજની અસર. િસવાયના ң լӊ કોઈપણ ઉપકરણોને મજં ૂ રી 2. વાહનોની અવરજવરને કારણે અવાજની આપવામાં આવશે નહી.ં 2. તમામ ઉપકરણો / મશીનોની ӊӢ՛ӊ ӽ Ӎ ӎҿ ә અસર. કરવામાં આવશે જે કામગીરી દરિમયાન અવાજ ઘટાડવામાં મદદ કરશ.ે 3. નદી કાંઠે જવાના ӋչӀӕү અને ӄӾ ұӉӕҡ વાવેતર કરવામાં આવશ.ે 4. માઇિનંગ ҥӖՄ ӅӉӟլգӑ પર કામ કરતી વખતે ԚӖӉұӢӄӟઇયર મફ આપવામાં આવશ.ે 5. કામ માટે િનયિમત Ҥ ӋӢ՛ӊ તપાસણી કરવામાં આવશ.ે 6. ખાણકામના ԐӢҸӟһӄӟકારણે કોઈ િવપરીત અસર ન થાય તે માટે િનયિમત અવાજનું ӖӄӋәԟ ҿ કરવામાં આવશ.ે
ڊڬḍ ژڬڇڬړ ژ ڊڬḚڝ 3.5 કોઈ કચરો કાl◌ી નાખવામાં આવશે નહી.ં જો કે, પાણીના ԐӎӕӒӄӟӖӎԟ ӟӅ ન પડે તે રીતે ӽ Ӎ ӎәરાખવાની િદવાલ બનાવવા માટે રોક કાંકરા અને નાના ӅթӁӋӢઅલગથી չһұ કરવામાં આવશે. (ખાણ યોજના ڙḍڤ ژ :ڏگḚṏ)
3.6 Ԇ әӄӇ ӟճһ િવકાસ Ԇәӄ Ӈ ӟճһ ҽӟӎӌӅӉӟլһ 33% માઈન લીઝ ԟ ӟԋ માટે 1 એમ 2 જમીન દીઠ 1 խӌӕլһ પર કરવામાં આવશ.ે સબં ંિધત અિધકારીઓની સલાહ લીધા બાદ ӊӢ՛ӊ չӁӍ ӢҬ રોપાઓ રોપવામાં આવશ.ે Ԇәӄ Ӈ ӟճһ ҽӟӎӌӅӉӟլһ અવાજનું չӀӋઘટાડે છે, ӎӕӊӚӊӚԝ ԐӂӛӐҿ ઘટાડે છે અને કણ ӅӂӕӁӪԐӂӛӐҿ ઘટાડે છે.
4. વધારાના ң հӊӕӑ 4.1 ӽ ӒӟӋ સુનાવણી આ ҽӬӕծһ EIA અહેવાલ છે; ӽ ӒӟӋ સુનાવણી હાથ ધરવામાં આવવાની બાકી છે. ӽ ӒӟӋ સુનાવણી હાથ ӃӊӕӪપછી ӽ ӒӟӋસુનાવણીની િવગતો શામલે કરવામાં આવશ.ે
5. ԐӢҸ ӟһ લાભો
1. 6 յӊӖԝ ү ӄӟરોજગાર અપાશ.ે 2. આ ԐӢҸӟһ ՀӕӋӕરોજગાર ҧըӅՂ, Ӿ ӎӄӃӢӋҿ Ӊӕҡસુધારણા, રાજયને ӋӢӊճһәӄӕԁ ӅӉӕҡઆવક, સુધારલે ી પિરવહન સુિવધાઓ વગેરે ՀӕӋӕӄӾ ұӄӕӖӎչӀӕӋӢӄӢӑӎӕҳӭәિવકાસ થશ.ે 3. આ ԐӢҸӟһӄӕԐչӀӕӎұӢұӢӅӷӋһӟ ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ әӊ જવાબદારી અને મજૂ ર ұճӊӕҿ ұӕӊӪԃӉӢՀӕӋӕપણ ફાળો આપશે.
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ સારાશંڦښڤ᷷ڀڙڤڀ ઉપલેટા ӑ ӕӉӕլӊ રતે ી կӌӢұ - સી .2
6. ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ әӊ յӊӎչӁӕӅӄ યોજના
1. ધૂળ દમન માટે આશરે ӎӕӖӐӪұ િરકિરંગ િકંમત ԁ . 17.4 લાખ 2. ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ әӊ સંચાલન માટે િરકિરંગ Ҳ ҶӪઆશરે ԁ . 20.85 લાખ ԐӖӀ ӎӐӪ. 3. સીઈઆર બજટે ԁ . ӎӕӖӐӪұ 2 લાખ.
7. ӖӄոұӐӪ ҧӅӋӢԝ ҶҶӕӪમજુ બ, ખોદકામ, ӒӟլҽӖӌҡҳ અને ખિનજની લોિડંગ દરિમયાન ધૂળ ҧըӅՂ કરવાના չӎԁ ӅӉӕҡભાગેડુ ҧըӑҸ Ӫӄ િસવાય ખાણકામના કારણે ӅӊӕӪӎӋҿ પર કોઈ મોટી અસર નથી. Ӊӕլӊ ӉӊӕӪӂӕӉӕҡિવિવધ ԐӂӛӐұӢӄӟ સમાવવા માટે પૂરતા િનવારક પગલાં અપનાવવામાં આવશે. સરકારી આજુ બાજુના અિભગમ ӋչӀӕү સાથે વાવેતર િવકાસ કરવામાં આવશે. મકાનો, શાળાઓ વગેરે અસરકારક ԐӂӛӐҿ ઘટાડવાની તકનીક સાિબત કરશે અને ચોમાસાની તુમાં જમીનના ધોવાણને ટાળવામાં મદદ કરશ.ે ખાણ չӁӍӟӁә ખનીજ કાractionવા તરીકે չӁӕӖӄұӢӄӟરોજગારની તકો પૂરી પાડવામાં આવશ.ે એકંદર,ે ԐӢҸӟһ ӄӾ ұӄӕસમુદાયોના Ҥ ӖӁӪұ-Ҥ ӖӁӪұ િવકાસ માટે ӒұӕӋӕԵ ұ અસર કરશ.ે *******
ڬἒڌ ἒ ٱڡڠἶڀگڞ ٳ ٱڡڠἶ ڇڤښڧڝṒڦ ṝ
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Preamble EIA is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision-making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA aims predicting environmental impacts at an early stage of project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision makers. By using EIA, both environmental & economic benefits can be achieved. By considering environmental effects prediction & mitigation, early benefits in project planning, protection of environment, optimum utilization of resources, thus saving overall time & cost of the project.
In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the cluster mining project, the EIA study is undertaken, which is followed by preparation of a detailed EMP to minimize those adverse impacts.
1.2 General Information on Mining of Minerals Geologically, Gujarat is a treasure trove of various mineral-bearing rocks ranging in age from Pre-Cambrian, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary Formations. Gujarat is endowed with rich minerals like Petroleum & Natural Gas, Granite, Lignite, Bauxite, Limestone, Bentonite, Fire-Clay, China-Clay, Fluorspar, Marble, Agate, Chalk, Gypsum, decorative & dimension stones etc. with which, the State possesses a prominent place in mineral production in India. Mineral production has been a major factor in providing employment especially in backward areas, earning valuable royalty and foreign exchange. The existence of high-class infrastructure facilities and business environment, further add to the prospect of mineral development and mineral based industries in the state.
1.3 Purpose of The Report EIA is carried out as per cluster study for the estimation of the impact of the 15 leases in the cluster (total mining area in the cluster is 40.02 Ha of riverbed sand mining only). Details of all the mines are discussed in the further chapters. One of the mines in the cluster named Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat having lease area 4.00 Ha and Survey No. Bhadar Nadi Paiky was granted ToR on 7th July 2020, vide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020. This report is prepared in compliance to the ToR points and submitted for the purpose of grant of EC for the above mentioned project.
1.4 Identification of The Project and The Project Proponent The proposed project, Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is an ordinary sand mining project near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat proposed by Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja. The Government of Gujarat, pursuant to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and the Gujarat Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2017 as amended from time to time issued the notice inviting tneder dated 31st August 2018 to commence the auction for the grant of quarry lease for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 located in Rajkot. The e-auction process was conductd in accordance with the tender document for the said minerqal block and Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja was declared as the ‘Preferred Bidder’ under sub-clause (d) of sub- rule 7 of Gujarat Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2017. LOI was issued by the Geology and Mining Department vide letter no. Gr/Raj/QL/Lease/Auction/Minor/Ordinary Sand/2019/1274, dated 1st April 2019 and has been attached as Annexure I.
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As per one of the conditions of the LOI issued by Geology and Mining Department, the lessee had to submit approved mine plan with progressive mine closure plan as per Chapter VIII of Gujarat Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2017, within five years from the date of issuance of LOI. Hence, Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja had engaged Mr. Rajeshkumar Yadav (Mining Engineer & RQP) to prepare the same. The mine plan with progressive mine closure plan was approved by the Geology and Mining Department, Rajkot vide letter no. MP/APPROVED/2018-19/3351, dated 16th Spetember 2019. The approved mine plan has been attached as Annexure II.
Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja has his registered office at 2/4, Paras Society, Opp – Panchvati Post Office, Bedi Bandar Road, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
1.5 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of The Project and Its Importance to Country, Region 1.5.1 Nature of Project Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is a green field project characterized by open-cast semi- mechanised mining in nature. The land under the use is Government land. There is no proposal of drilling and blasting throughout the mining period. The extracted mineral shall be sold in the nearby market.
1.5.2 Environment Clearance The EC for the said lease is addressed by means of cluster as per MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th January 2016 and S.O. 2269(E) dated 1st July 2016, MoEF&CC OM (F. No. L- 11-11/175/2018-IA-II (M) dated 12th December 2018 and SEAC, Gujarat Office Letter (Ref. No. EIA-10-2019/SEAC/GEN/59/19/507) dated 1st February 2019. The proposed project falls under Category B1 & Schedule 1(a) of Mining of Minerals.
1.5.3 Size of the Project The total mine lease area is 4.00 Ha of mineral Ordinary Sand. The lease area is a Government land.
1.5.4 Location of the Project The proposed project falls on Survey of India toposheet nos. F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 near village Upleta. The proposed project is approximately 2.7 km away from Upleta village in West direction. SH1 is about 3 km from the project site in the NW direction. The nearest Railway Station is Upleta Railway Station which is about 4 km in NW direction with a railway track about 1 km in the North direction.
Table 1.1 – Coordinates of The Proposed Project Pillar No. Latitude Longitude 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E
1.5.5 Importance of the Project Sand in the river channel and floodplains constitutes an important raw material in the construction industry and has a variety of uses in this sector. River sand is used along with cement, gravel, water and steel for making reinforced concrete. Moreover, with the grant of LOI, Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja paid Rs. 6,36,750/- as the first instalment to the Government of Gujarat. On the grant of the EC and commencement of mining operation, the royalty will be paid regularly too. At regional level, employment creation shall be the direct linkages and countless possibilities of
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP trickle-down phenomenon via indirect linkages.
1.4 Scope of Study – Details of Regulatory Scoping Carried Out (as per ToR) The regulatory scope of the EIA is comprised of the following chapters based on Appendix III, of EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006 (Generic Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document) – 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Description of The Environment 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5. Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site) 6. Environmental Monitoring Programme 7. Additional Studies 8. Project Benefits 9. Environmental Management Plan 10. Summary and Conclusion 11. Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
ToR for the Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 was obtained vide letter no. SEIAA/GUJ/TOR/1(a)/853/2020 dated 7th July 2020 and has been attached as Annexure III.
Table 1.2 – Point-Wise Compliance of Prescribed ToR S. Conditions Reply No. Standard ToR for River Bed Sand Mining (Cluster Situation) 1 A copy of the document in support of the Copy of document in support of the fact that fact that the Proponent is the rightful lessee the proponent is the rightful lesse presented of the mine should be given with as Annexure I from Page 162 to 165 as compliance of lease condition validated by LOI issued from Office of the Geologist, the concerned district geologist. Geology and Mining Department, Rajkot. 2 All documents including approved mine All documents including approved mine plan, EIA and Public Hearing should be plan and Draft EIA for Public Hearing is complatible with one another in terms of the compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management, mining generation and its management, mining technology etc. and should be in the name technology etc. The details regarding the of the lessee. same has been given in Chapter 2 under Section 2.5 and 2.6 from Page 17 to 17. Approved mine plan has been attached as Annexure II from Page 166 to 213. 3 All corner coordinates of the mine lease All corner co-ordinates of the mine lease are area, superimposed on a High-Resolution given in Chapter 2 under Section 2.4 Imagery/geomorphology and geology of Table 2.2 on Page 14. the area should be provided including Mine lease area, superimposed on High longitude and latitide. Such an imagery of Resolution imagery/ toposheet, topographic the proposed area should clearly show the sheet, geomorphology and geology of the land use and other ecological features of the area has been provided in Chapter 2 as Fig. study area (core and buffer zone). 2.3 on Page 16. 4 Information should be provided in Survey Information has been provided in Survey of or India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale India Topo-Sheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, including geological map of the area, geomorphology of land forms of the area, geomorphology of land forms of the area,
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existing minerals and mining history of the important water bodies and rivers and soil area, important water bodies, streams and characteristics has been given in Chapter 2 rivers and soil charecteristics. as Fig. 2.3 on Page 16. 5 It should be clearly stated whether the The proponent Company has a well laid proponent Company has a well laid down down Environment Policy approved by its Environment Policy approved by its Board Board of Directors. It is also mention in the of Directors? If so, it may spelt out in the starting pages of the EIA Report. The EIA Report with description of the Environment policy prescribed for standard prescribed operating process/procedures to operating process to bring into focus any bring into focus any infringement/deviation/ violation of the infringement/deviation/violation of the environment and forest norms/conditions environmental or forest norms/conditions? that the company operations will implement The hierarchical system or administrative operational and risk management practices order of the Company to deal with the that provide for maximum protection of environmental issues and for ensuring people and the environment. Details are compliance with the EC conditions may given in Chapter 6 under Section 6.2.2 and also be given. The system of reporting of 6.2.3 from Page 125 to 125. non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large, may also be detailed in the EIA Report. 6 Issues relating to Mine Safety, including This is an opencast mine. Issues related to subsidence study in case of underground mine safety has been given in mine plan and mining and slope study in case of open cast provided in EIA report in Chapter 7 under mining should be detailed. The proposed Section 7.10 on Page 137. safeguard measures in each case should alsobe provided. 7 The study area will comprise of 10 km zone The study area comprises of 10 km zone around the mine lease from lease periphery around the mine leases from lease and the data contained in the EIA such as peripheries. Details of waste generation for waste generation etc. should be for the life the entire life of mine have been given in of the mine/lease period. Chapter 2 under Section 2.5 on Page 17. 8 Land use of the study area with distance Land use of the cluster study area with delineating forest area, agricultural land, distance delineating forest area, agricultural grazing land, wildlife sanctuary, national land, grazing land, water bodies, human park, migratory routes of fauna, water settlements, and other ecological features bodies, human settlements and other etc are shown in Chapter 3 as Fig. 3.2 on ecological features should be indicated. Page 27 and is supported by area breakup Land use plan of the mine lease area should of the land use within 10 km radius from the be prepared to encompass preoperational, mine sites in Chapter 3 in Table 3.3 on operational and post operational phases and Page 27. submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land There is no wildlife sanctuary, national park use should be given. or migratory routes of fauna present within 10 km buffer from the mine site. 9 A Certificate from the Competent Authority The mine lease area is a non forest in the State Forest Department should be government waste land. Land use pattern of provided, confirming the involvement of the project has been discussed in Chapter 3 forest land, if any, in the project area. In the under Section 3.2.2 from Page 27 and 28 event of any contrary claim by the Project and in Fig. 3.2 on Page 27. Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest
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Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees. 10 Status of forestry clearance for the broken There is no forest land involved in the lease up area and virgin forestland involved in the area. Forest Clearance is not required for the Project including deposition of net present project. value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished. 11 Implementation status of recognition of There are no scheduled tribes and other forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and traditional forest dwellers within mine lease other Traditional Forest Dwellers because no forest land is involved in the (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 entire cluster area. should be indicated. 12 The vegetation in the RF/PF areas in the First hand information regarding the study area; with necessary details, should be vegetation in the study area was collected given. and is enlisted in Chapter 3 under Section 3.8.2.2 from Page 74. 13 A study shall be got done to ascertain the Wildlife baseline data has been collected impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of through primary and secondary sources and the study area and details furnished. Impact it is discussed in Chapter 3 under Section of the project on the wildlife in the 3.8 from Page 73 to 86. Possible impacts surrounding and any other protected area and mitigation measures have also been and accordingly, detailed mitigative studied in Chapter 4 under Section 4.7 measures required, should be worked out Table 4.8 on Page 109. with cost implications along with approved wildlife conservation plan from the competent authority and same shall be submitted. 14 Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, There is no National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Ramsar site, Tiger/Elephant Reserves/ Ramsar site Tiger/ Elephant Reserves/ (existing as well as proposed), if any, within (existing as well as proposed), within 10 km 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly of the mine lease area. 10 km Buffer Map is indicated, supported by a location map duly attached in Chapter 2 as Fig. 2.3 on Page authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden 16 Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife and copy furnished. 15 Proximity to Areas declared as 'Critically The project area does not fall under Polluted' or the Project areas likely to come critically polluted zone as prescribed by under the 'Aravali Range', (attracting court CPCB and MoEF&CC. restrictions for mining operations), should
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also be indicated and where so required; clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Department should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered. 16 Similarly, for coastal Projects, a CRZ map CRZ is not applicable to this project. duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL, HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t. CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority. 17 One season (non-monsoon) [i.e. March- One season non-monsoon data for October- May (Summer Season); October-December December 2020 has been opted for baseline (post monsoon season); December- data collection of environmental parameters February (winter season)] primary baseline like ambient air, ground water, surface data on ambient air quality as per CPCB water including microbiological studies, Notification of 2009, water quality, noise noise quality, and soil quality of the cluster level, soil and flora and fauna shall be study area. collected and the AAQ and other data so Baseline data along with the lab reports compiled presented date-wise in the EIA have been given in Chapter 3 from and EMP Report. Site-specific Sections 3.3 to 3.6 from Page 28 to 86. meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring The mineralogical composition of PM10 stations should be such as to represent has been given in Chapter 3 under Section whole of the study area and justified 3.5.5 in Table 3.12 on Page 70. keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given. 18 Air quality modeling should be carried out The impact of movement of vehicles for for prediction of impact of the project on the transportation of mineral and other air quality of the area. It should also take operating mines in study area with their into account the impact of movement of cumulative impact has been considered and vehicles for transportation of mineral and provided in Chapter 4 under Section 4.8 on other operating mine in study area with their Page 118. cumulative impact considering their full operation status in totality. The details of the model used and input parameters used for modeling should be provided. The air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any, and the habitation. The wind roses
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showing pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map. 19 The water requirement for the Project, its Total water requirement of the proposed availability and source should be furnished. project is 3 KLD and will be sourced from A detailed water balance should also be nearby village through water tankers. provided. Fresh water requirement for the Project should be indicated. 20 Necessary clearance from the Competent Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water for the Project should be provided. water will be obtained from the Gram Panchayat. 21 Description of water conservation measures The details for water conservation has been proposed to be adopted in the Project should provided in Chapter 9 under Section be given. Details of rainwater harvesting 10.5.3 on Page 150. proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided. 22 Impact of the Project on the water quality, The proposed mining will not intercept the both surface and groundwater, should be ground water table. Hence there is no assessed and necessary safeguard measures, disturbance in existing ground water table if any required, should be provided. due to mining. Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures are assessed for water environment in Chapter 4 under Section 4.4 Table 4.2 on Page 106. 23 Based on actual monitored data, it may Based on actual monitored data it is clear clearly be shown whether working will that mining will not intersect ground water intersect groundwater. Necessary data and table. Therefore, hydrogeological study documentation in this regard may be need not be carried out. provided. In case the working will intersect Central Ground Water Authority groundwater table, a detailed Hydro Permission for working below ground water Geological Study should be undertaken and and for pumping of ground water is not Report furnished. The Report inter-alia, required as pumping is not proposed in this shall include details of the aquifers present project. and impact of mining activities on these aquifers. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished. 24 Details of any stream, seasonal or No stream or seasonal water body is passing otherwise, passing through the lease area through mine lease area so no diversion or and modification/diversion proposed; if modification is proposed. any, and the impact of the same on the hydrology should be brought out. 25 Information on site elevation, working Information on working depth, groundwater depth, groundwater table etc. should be table etc. is given in Chapter 4 under provided both in AMSL and bgl. A Section 4.4 Table 4.2 on Page 106. schematic diagram may also be provided for the same. 26 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt 33 % of mine lease area will be developed Development Plan shall be prepared in a as green belt designed as 1 plant per 5 m2 of tabular form (indicating the linear and land. Phase-wise plan of plantation includes quantitative coverage, plant species and about 170 saplings will be proposed to be
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time frame) and submitted, keeping in planted per year. Plant species considering mind, the same will have to be executed up for green belt development is given in front on commencement of the Project. Chapter 4 under Section 4.7 in Table 4.9 Phase-wise plan of plantation and from Page 111 to 112. compensatory afforestation should be The plant species selected for green belt are charted clearly indicating the area to be greater ecological value and of good utility covered under plantation and the species to value to the local population with emphasis be planted. The details of plantation already on local and native species and the species done should be given. The plant species are tolerant to pollution. selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution. 27 Impact on local transport infrastructure due Impact on local transport due to proposed to the Project should be indicated. Projected project has been given in Chapter 4 under increase in truck traffic as a result of the Section 4.8 from Page 118 to 120. Project in the present road network Projected increase in truck traffic as a result (including those outside the Project area) of the Project in the present road network is should be worked out, indicating whether it also discussed in in Chapter 4 under is capable of handling the incremental load. Section 4.8 from Page 118 to 120. The Arrangement for improving the existing road is capable of handling the infrastructure, if contemplated (including incremental load. Project Proponent has action to be taken by other agencies such as conducted impact of transportation study as State Government) should be covered. per Indian Road Congress Guidelines. Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of Transportation study as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines. 28 Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to Details of the onsite shelter and various be provided to the mine workers should be facilities to be provided to the mine workers included in the EIA Report. have been proposed in the EIA report in Chapter 9 under Section 10.10 on Page 152. 29 Conceptual post mining land use and Post mining land use and Reclamation and Reclamation and Restoration of mined out Restoration of mined out areas are areas (with plans and with adequate number explained in the EIA report in Chapter 4 of sections) should be given in the EIA under Section report. 30 Occupational Health impacts of the Project Occupational Health impacts of the Project should be anticipated and the proposed are anticipated and the proposed preventive preventive measures spelt out in detail. measures are given in Chapter 9 under Details of pre-placement medical Section 10.10 on Page 152. examination and periodical medical A provision of regular health checkups for examination schedules should be mine workers has been proposed in incorporated in the EMP. The project Chapter 6 under Section 6.4 in Table 6.3 specific occupational health mitigation on Page 129. measures with required facilities proposed in the mining area may be detailed. 31 Public health implications of the Project Public health implications of the project and and related activities for the population in related activities for the population in the the impact zone should be systematically impact zone systematically evaluated and evaluated and the proposed remedial proposed remedial measures are provided in
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measures should be detailed along with Chapter 4 under Section 4.10 Table 4.14 budgetary allocations. on Page 121 and 121 and budgetary provision has been given in Chapter 6 under Section 6.4 in Table 6.3 and in Chapter 9 under Sections 10.12 and 10.13 on Page 129, 153 and 154 respectively. 32 Measures of socio economic significance Measures of socio-economic significance and influence to the local community and influence to the local community proposed to be provided by the Project evaluated and found that project will give Proponent should be indicated. As far as positive impact on the social sector. possible, quantitative dimensions may be Budgetary provisions are provided in given with time frames for implementation. Chapter 6 under Section 6.4 in Table 6.3 and in Chapter 9 under Sections 10.12 and 10.13 on Page 129, 153 and 154 respectively. 33 Detailed environmental management plan Details of EMP to mitigate the (EMP) to mitigate the environmental environmental impacts due to project are impacts which, should interalia include the presented in Chapter 9 from Page 148 to impacts of change of land use, loss of 154 with budget allocation. agricultural and grazing land, if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project. 34 Public Hearing points raised and This is Draft EIA report; public hearing is commitment of the Project Proponent on yet to be conducted. Details of public the same along with time bound Action Plan hearing will be incorporated after with budgetary provisions to implement the conducting public hearing. same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of the Project. 35 Details of litigation pending against the There is no litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction/order passed project. by any Court of Law against the Project should be given. 36 The cost of the Project (capital cost and The cost of the project is Rs. 32,63,000. recurring cost) as well as the cost towards Cost towards implementing the EMP are implementallon of EMP should be clearly provided in Chapter 9 under Section 10.12 spelt out in tabular form. Page 153. 37 A Disaster management Plan shall be A disaster management plan has been prepared and included in the EIA/EMP prepared and given in Chapter 7 under Report. Sections 7.11, 7.12 and 7.13 from Page 137 to 138. 38 Benefits of the Project if the Project is Benefits arising due to the project are spelt implemented should be spelt out. The out in Chapter 8 on Page 146. benefits of the Pro1ect shall clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential, etc. 39 Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also to be followed:- 1 Executive Summary of the EIA/EMP Executive summary is given along with the Report. EIA/EMP report. 2 All documents to be properly referenced All documents are properly referenced with with index and continuous page numbering. index and continuous page numbering.
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
3 Where data are presented in the Report The period in which the data was collected especially in Tables, the period in which the and the sources are indicated in tables. data were collected and the sources should be indicated. 4 Project Proponent shall enclose all the Analysis/testing of water, air, soil and noise analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, environment has been conducted by noise etc. using the MoEF&CC/NABL MoEF&CC/NABL accredited laboratory. accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the Project. 5 Where the documents provided are in a English version of all the documents has language other than English, an English been provided. translation should be provided. 6 The Questionnaire for environmental Questionnaire for environmental appraisal appraisal of mining projects as devised is attached as Annexure IV from Page 222 earlier by the Ministry shall also be filled to 253. and submitted. 7 While preparing the EIA report, the The MoEF&CC vide O.M. No. J- instructions for the Proponents and 11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, instructions for the Consultants issued by 2009 is being followed in the preparation of MoEF&CC vide O.M. No. J- the EIA Report. 11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry should be followed. 8 Changes, if any made in the basic scope and No changes have been made in the basic project parameters (as submitted in Form-I scope and project parameters (as submitted and the PFR for securing the TOR) should in Form-I and the PFR for securing the be brought to the attention of MoEF&CC TOR). with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation. 9 As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010- This is a greenfield project. Certified report IA.ll(I) dated 30.5.2012, certified report of of the status of compliance of the conditions the status of compliance of the conditions shall be submitted regualary after the grant stipulated in the environment clearance for of EC. the existing operations of the project, should be obtained from the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment; Forest and Climate Change, as may be applicable. 10 The EIA report should also include (i) The surface plan of the mining area is given surface plan of the area indicating contours as Annexure II from Page 166. The of main topographic features, drainage and contours and drainage pattern is provided in mining area, (ii) geological maps and in Chapter 2 as Fig. 2.6 on Page 22. sections and (iii) sections of the mine pit Geological plan and sections are annexed as and external dumps, if any, clearly showing Annexure II from Page 166. All plates in the land features of the adjoining area. mining has been attached with mine plan. Besides above standard ToR, following additional ToRs are recommended:
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
1 A project details duly validated by the A project details duly validated by the district geologist specifically mentioning district geologist specifically mentioning regarding location of lease whether located regarding location of lease with details of in dry river bed or it is an in-stream mining cluster situation including names of lease with details of cluster situation including holders validity period of lease, lease area, names of lease holders validity period of longitude, latitude of each lease holder in lease, lease area, longitude, latitude of each cluster survey numbers, name of mineral lease holder in cluster survey numbers, with details of EC if obtained by members name of mineral with details of EC if of cluster will be provided. obtained by members of cluster. 2 Compliance of Sustainable sand mining Replenishment study has been carried out guidelines published by MOEF&CC shall and mentioned in Chapter 8. be complied and included in EIA report as an individual chapter. 3 A study report for the annual rate of Replenishment study has been carried out replenishment and time frame for and mentioned in Chapter 8. replenishment after mining closure in an area through competent authority. 4 Project site specific details such as distance Project site specific details have been of the project site from nearest (1) Human mentioned in Chapter 2 under Section 2.4 Habitation (2) Water Body: River/Creek/ Table 2.1 on Page 14. Nallah/Lake/Pond/Reservoir/Canal/Bridge/ Check dam etc (3) National Highway (4) State Highway (5) Railway line (6) Heritage site (7) National Park/Wild Life Sanctuary/Proposed Eco Sensitive Zone/ Notified Eco sensitive Zone /Reserve Forest /Protected Forest shall be included in the rapid EIA report to be prepared covering one season (other than monsoon) data. A map indicating the aerial distance of the lease area from these entities. 5 Distance of nearby mining lease areas from The cluster map for Upleta Ordinary Sand the periphery of the proposed project Block – C.2, was issued by District including a map covering distance of 500 Geologist, Rajkot dated 30th July 2019 and meter from the periphery of the proposed attached as Annexure V on Page 254. project in case of no mining lease areas are existing within 500 meter periphery of the proposed project, a certificate of the concerned geologist in this regard. 6 Copies of all requisite permissions Copies of all requisite permissions including permissions from District including permissions from District Collector, Commissioner of Geology & Collector, Commissioner of Geology & Mining, Indian Bureau of Mines, GPCB, Mining, Indian Bureau of Mines, GPCB, current lease renewal status from Industries current lease renewal status from Industries and Mine department, Government of and Mine department, Government of Gujarat with opinion of the district Gujarat with opinion of the district geologist regarding compliance of all the geologist regarding compliance of all the conditions in lease deed and copy of conditions in lease deed have been obtained renewed lease (if any) etc. to be and attached as Annexure I & II from Page incorporated. 162 to 167.
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
7 Approved mining plan including Approved mining plan including progressive mine closure plan shall be progressive mine closure plan has been provided with EIA report. provided as Annexure II from Page 166 to 213. 8 Detailed outlay of Environmental Detailed outlay of EMP with year wise Management Plan (EMP) with year-wise budgetary provision including bifurcation budgetary provision including bifurcation of each activity provision of capital cost and of each activity with provision of capital recurring cost has been provided in cost and recurring cost. Chapter 9 under Section 10.12 on Page 153. 9 A need-based outlay of CSR with year-wise Detailed outlay of CSR with year-wise budgetary provision including bifurcation budgetary provision of capital cost and of each activity with provision of capital recurring cost has been provided in cost and recurring cost. Chapter 9 under Section 10.13 on Page 154. 10 Compliance of MoEFCC's O.M. No. 22- Compliance of MoEFCC’s O.M. No. 22- 65/2017-IA.III dated 01/0512018 regarding 65/2017-IA.III, dated 01/05/2018 regarding Corporate Environment Responsibility corporate Environment Responsibility (CSR). Fund allocation based on need based (CER) has been complied with details for analysis for CER shall be made as per the the same are provided in Chapter 9 under said OM dated 01/05/2018 for various Section 10.13 on Page 154. activities therein.
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CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPITION
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 General The proposed project is for opencast mining of riverbed sand by semi mechanized means. The project will include mining activities like loading, unloading and transportation of riverbed sand. Drilling and blasting are not proposed in this project.
The proposed project aims to augment supply of river bed sand to the domestic market for the customers.
The mine lease area of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 of Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja falls in Survey No. Bhadar River Paiki near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat.
2.2 Type of Project Pertaining to the MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th January 2016 and S.O. 2269 (E) of 1st July 2016, MoEF&CC OM (F. No. L-11-11/175/2018-IA-II (M) dated 12th December 2018 and SEAC, Gujarat Office Letter (Ref. No. EIA-10-2019/SEAC/GEN/59/19/507) dated 1st February 2019 the project of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 falls under the purview of Environmental Clearance by means of cluster. The proposed project falls under Category B1 & Schedule 1(a) of Mining of Minerals.
The cluster map for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2, was issued by District Geologist, Rajkot dated 30th July 2019 and has been provided in the figure below. There are 15 leases in the cluster.
Fig. 2.1 – Cluster Map
2.3 Need of The Project Sand in the river channel and floodplains constitutes an important raw material in the construction industry and has a variety of uses in this sector. River sand is used along with cement, gravel, water
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP and steel for making reinforced concrete. The project shall bring various benefits to the project proponent and to the people in its vicinity. Following are some benefits listed below – 1. It shall add to the economy of the country. 2. It will provide direct employment to the people of nearby villages, which will help in improving their livelihood. 3. It shall provide indirect employment to the people associated with the project activities like transportation, trading etc. 4. The project will felicitate green belt & landscape development and will enrich the flora of the area. 5. It will provide various socio-economic benefits to the people like education facility, medical camp facility, water facility etc. 6. The project will benefit the state as well as central government in the form of Royalty.
2.4 Location of The Project The proposed project is situated near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat. 10 km study area covers Moji Nadi, Utavali Nadi, Moj Dam, villages Upleta, Khakhijaliya, Supedi, Jhanjhmer etc. In addition to this, prominent features within 15 km of the proposed project area are Savaroli Nadi, Bhadar Reservoir, Moj Dam etc. Nearest amenities, demographical and physiographical features of the proposed project are listed in the table below –
Table 2.1 – Nearest Amenities, Demographical and Physiographical Features of The Proposed Project S. Approximate Feature Name of Feature Direction No. Distance (km) 1 Nearest Village Upleta 2.7 West Moji Nadi 2 West 2 River Utavali Nadi 2.5 East Panchasar Nadi 5.5 NW NH8B 1.25 North SH97 2.7 West 3 National/State Highway SH106 9 SE SH1 3 NW 4 Railway Station Upleta Railway Station 3.75 NW 5 Railway Track - 1.2 North
The coordinates of the proposed project present in the cluster is given in the table below –
Table 2.2 – Coordinates of the Proposed Project Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja Pillar No. Latitude Longitude 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E
General location map of the proposed project along with project site layout is given in the figure below –
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Fig. 2.2 – Project Location
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Fig. 2.3 – 10 km Buffer Map
Fig. 2.4 – 15 km Buffer Map
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
2.5 Magnitude of Operation Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 has a mining lease of 4.00 Ha with 43,360 MTPA as the annual capacity of the mine. Year-wise tentative excavation presenting development, ROM, overburden and mineral reject has been provided in the table below –
Table 2.3 – Year Wise Development and Production of Proposed Project Tentative Top OB/SB/ ROM Mineral ROM/Waste Year Pit No. Excavation Soil IB (MTP Reject Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) A) (cum) I 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 II 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 III 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 IV 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 V 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
The cluster project has a cumulative mining lease area 40.02 Ha. The maximum annual production of the cluster is targeted at 4,33,817 MTPA as ROM (approx.). Year-wise tentative excavation presenting development, ROM, overburden and mineral reject for the cluster has been provided in the table below –
Table 2.4 – Year Wise Development and Production (Cluster) Tentative Top Mineral Pit OB/SB/IB ROM ROM/Waste Year Excavation Soil Reject No. (cum) (MTPA) Ratio (cum) (cum) (cum) I 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 II 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 III 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 IV 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 V 1 86,763 0 0 4,33,817 0 01:00 Approx. values assuming the same rate of production for other mines present in the cluster (Source: Approved Mine Plans)
2.6 Technology and Process Description Open cast mining will be carried out. Only excavation & loading activity will be required as the mineral is loose & no drilling and blasting is needed. Mining activity will be carried out in a manner so that there is no obstruction to water flow in the river during rainy season. Wherever soil exists, the excavation up to 1 m above soil level will be carried out. Light-weight excavation will be used for loading of mineral in tippers and send it nearby market. Benching of not more than 2 m height will be maintained. No mining within 45 m radius from each water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either side of existing culverts will be carried out for saving aquatic flora & fauna and for standing of wells etc. so that it prohibited 4 m either road side, anicuts, open well, huts & restricted at forest boundary. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. No processing mineral is needed. The Ordinary sand below this (3 m bench) is excavated by backhoe type excavators directly loading into large trucks for dispatch to consumers. Water is sprinkled in the area from where the Ordinary sand is to be removed before the operation start and thereafter at regular interval to keep the dust allayed at the source its removal of Ordinary sand precedes the wining of Ordinary sand. Once a pre determined area has been exhausted of the Ordinary sand, no mining activity will be carried out. Mining work will be started from southern to northern direction and mining activity will be in downstream side of the river from southern to northern direction.
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
(Source: Approved Mine Plan)
Table 2.5 – Design Parameters of the Proposed Project S. Parameter Details No. 1 Bench Height 1.5-2 m 2 Bench Width 1.5-2 m 3 Face Slope 75° 4 Pit Slopes 60° 5 Haulage/Ramp Gradient 1:16 6 Width of Haulage Road 3 m (average) (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.6.1 Mine Development 2.6.1.1 First Year During first year, mire planning is proposed to start at southern side to 27 m extend towards northern direction along section L-L' upto 2l mRL within river beds. The area is measured by plan area. The limit of first year development and formation of benches is shown in L-L'. During this year about 43,360 MT of ordinary sand is proposed to be excavated.
2.6.1.2 Second Year During second year, end of first year same bench level 23-21 mRL is further 27 m extend towards northern direction along section L-L' within river beds. The area is measured by Plan area. The limit of second year development and formation of benches is shown in L-L'. During this year about 43,360 MT of ordinary sand is proposed to be excavated.
2.6.1.3 Third Year During third year, end of second year same bench level 22.5-21 mRL is further 39 m extend towards Northern direction along section L-L' within river beds. The area is measured by plan area. The third year development and formation of benches is shown in L-L'. During this year about 43,360 MT of ordinary sand is proposed to be excavated.
2.6.1.4 Fourth Year During fourth year, end of second year same bench level 22.5-21mRL is further 39 m extend towards northern direction along section L-L' within river beds. The area is measured by plan area. The limit of third year development and formation of benches is shown in L-L'. During this year about 43,360 MT of ordinary sand is proposed to be excavated.
2.6.1.5 Fifth Year During fifth year, end of second year same bench level 22.5-21 mRL is further 39 m extend towards northern direction along section L-L' within river beds. The area is measured by plan area. The limit of third year development and formation of benches is shown in L-L'. During this year about 43,360 MT of ordinary sand is proposed to be excavated.
During the course of mining water table is not encountered. There shall be no subsurface make of water. However, rain water is likely to be accumulated in the river beds, which shall be dewatered by deploying 5-10 HP diesel engine water pump.
No ultimate pit will be developed because ordinary sand replenished every year will depend on the intensity of flood water from upstream side.
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Table 2.6 – Bench Wise River Sand Excavation Along Section L-L' for the Proposed Project Plan Specific Pit Slice Level Depth Volume Ordinary Sand Year Area Gravity No. (mRL) (m) (m3) (MTPA) (m2) (MT/m3) I 1 23-21 8672 2 17,344 2.5 43,360 II 1 223-21 8672 2 17,344 2.5 43,360 III 1 22.5-21 8672 2 17,344 2.5 43,360 IV 1 22-21 8672 2 17,344 2.5 43,360 V 1 21.5-21 8672 2 17,344 2.5 43,360 (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.6.2 Mining Equipments The extraction of Ordinary Sand will be done with the help of excavator, backhoe excavators, loaded into trucks and will be sent to nearby market. The mine will be developed and operated using the following machines –
Table 2.7 – List of Machinery to be Used in The Proposed Project S. Type of Machinery Quantity No. 1 Tata-Hitachi 1 2 Tipper (10 MT) 3 3 Tractor 1 4 Jeep (for inspection) 1 5 Water Tanker (1 KLD) 1 6 Water Pump (5-10 HP) 2 (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
The consumer’s truck or their transportation contractor’s trucks shall directly approach to the site of stacking of Ordinary Sand, where Ordinary Sand is to be loaded by the excavator. The proposed area is well connected to Jamnagar district transport and private bus service for major cities of Gujarat & India. Each truck/dumper will be weighted at the nearest Weighbridge. The lessee will maintain the road inside and near his QL. For sand transportation no new road, rail, air, waterborne or other transport infrastructure including new or altered routes and station, ports, airport etc. will be required. Closure or diversion of existing transportation routes or infrastructure leading to change in traffic movement will not be needed.
2.7 Project Description The brief detail of the proposed project is given in the table below –
Table 2.8 – Brief Description of The Project S. Details of Project Description No. 1 Mine Leases Area 4 Ha 2 Proposed Production 43,360 MTPA 3 Excavation Proposed 5 years 4 Leasee S. Mine Leasee Contact Details No. Shri Village Upleta, District Upleta, Gujarat - Dhruvrajsinh 360490 1 Ashoksinh Mobile No. 9974111101, Email ID - Jadeja [email protected]
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Pillar Boundary Latitude Longitude No. 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E 7 Type of Land Riverbed 8 Minerals of Mine Ordinary Sand 9 Topo-Sheet Number F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 10 Project Cost Rs. 32.63 Lakhs 11 No of Working Days 300
2.7.1 Geology 2.7.1.1 Regional Geology Geologically the area belongs to what ternary of undifferentiated alluvial and fluvial sediments of Rann deposits. the state of Gujarat comprises an area of approximately 1,96,000 km2 and is enclosed within the North Latitude 20°10° to 24°50° and East Longitude 68°40° to 74°40°. Geologically, Gujarat provides a wide spectrum of rock types of different ages. Whereas the Aravali is in the NE is as old as 2500 million years there unconsolidated and alluvial and bench material in its Central and western pass date back to a few thousand years only. All the important lithological types Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks occur within state.
Physiographically, the state of Gujarat comprises the following three districts – • Mainland Gujarat • Saurashtra • Kachchh
The Gujarat state exposes rocks belonging to the Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic era. The hard rocks cover about 49 % of the total area of Gujarat, the rest being occupied by sediments of quaternary period. The hard rocks comprise of Pre-Cambrian metamorphosed and associated intrusive, sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic era and the traps/flows constituting Deccan Volcanic of Cretaceous Eocene age. (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.1.2 Local Geology The QL area is having flat topography, which are surrounded by the fine to coarse grained sandy soil overlaying the sand deposit. The maximum height in this area is 24.85 mRL and the lowermost 23.02 mRL in the Bhadar river bed. The river is non perennial and runs only in rainy season and is almost dry in summer. Water bodies in the surrounding area are very less in the numbers and are scattered with small dimensions and ha ve shallow depths. Such type of water bodies are generally visible near by the check dams and other natural obstacles of basement rocks can be seen. In some parts of riverbed, boulders of weathered rocks and exposure of basement rock can be seen There is no other village in the near vicinity, however Upleta and Dumiyani etc. villages are situated in surrounding QL area. The QL area does not fall in any forest or reserve forest area. Soil and agricultural land is available nearby the river area. Only few starter trees and shrubs are found in the surrounding area. The main crops around the area are Wheat, Kapas, Vegetable etc. the pet animals like cow, ox and goat are tamed by the villagers. No other wild animals are found in the area. The geology of the QL area and nearby has been studied on the basis of exposure of the surface out corps. geologically the QL area belong to quaternary of undifferentiated alluvial and fluvial sediments of Rann deposits. Ordinary sand is found in the Bhadar riverbed having thickness of 2.5
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP to 3 m. This bed is dry and water flows only during the rainy season river flow is in western direction. (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.2 Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Project
Table 2.9 – Land Use Breakup of The Proposed Project S. Head Present Land Use (Ha) No. 1 Mining Activities 0 2 Road/Kachha Rasta 0 3 Waste Dump 0 4 Mineral Stock Yard 0 5 Processing Plant 0 6 Workshop 0 7 Township 0 8 Barren Land 0 9 Agricultural Land 0 Grand Total 4 (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.3 Drainage Pattern The regional drainage pattern neat the village is in Northern direction.
Fig. 2.5 – Land Use Map of The Proposed Project
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Fig. 2.6 – Drainage Map of The Proposed Project
2.7.4 Climate & Vegetation 2.7.4.1 Climate
Fig. 2.7 – Climatological Data of Rajkot District (Source: District groundwater brochure)
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
The district has semi arid climate. Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall and high evaporation are the characteristic features of this type of climate. General climate of the district is sub-tropical and is characterised by three well defined seasons, i.e., summer - from April to June, monsoon - from July to September, and winter - from October to March. (Source: District groundwater brochure)
2.7.4.2 Vegetation Scattered vegetation, mostly bushes and trees are present in the surrounding river area. The area is mostly comprising of Babul Neem, Bargad, Pipal etc. The area does not have any forestland.
2.7.5 Reclamation and Rehabilitation of Mined Out Area No proposal for reclamation of pits or worked area is made. The riverbed will be replenished with Ordinary Sand every year by flood water from upstream side, filling the excavations. (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.6 Post Mining Land Use Conceptualized The existing land use and proposed mining land use scenario for the QL area shall remain the same since most of the QL area shall be used for mining work to meet the required production level. The rows in the riverbed shall be temporary since they shall get filled up during rains while ordinary sand is being replenished by flood waters. About 4 Ha used for mining will be replenished every year by flood waters. The agricultural fields are backfilled almost simultaneously. Therefore, mining is not likely to affect other spheres of human activity. No agricultural land, drainage and vegetation will be disturbed due to proposed mining activities. (Source – Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.7 Overburden/Waste Management During the plan period, no surface OB/waste material is expected to be excavated. Some cobble may occur in the riverbed. The cobble shall again be put in the riverbed. Thus, external dump is proposed. The project shall strive to adopt zero waste mining concepts by reducing the quantum of reject through technological innovation or finding its use through perspective buyers. (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
2.7.8 Beneficiation/ Processing The mined out mineral will be sold in the nearby market.
2.7.9 Employment Generation/Manpower Requirement The total manpower requirement for the proposed mining project is 6 persons. Preference for employment will be given to locals. The proposed project will also generate indirect employment opportunities for the locals. The employment potential/manpower break up for the proposed mining project is shown in the table below –
Table 2.10 – Direct Employment Generation due to the Proposed Project S. No. Requirement Numbers 1 Geologist/Mining Engineer 1 2 Mining Manager (Permit Holder) 1 3 Supervisor (Mining Mate) 1 4 Gardener (for plantation purposes) 1 5 Person for Road Maintenance 1 6 Person for Dust Suppression 1 Total 6 (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
The mine will be operational 300 days per year.
2.7.10 Water Requirement The water requirement at the proposed project is for the drinking & domestic use, dust suppression and for the proposed plantation. The total water requirement for the proposed project is 3 KLD. Water requirement will be fulfilled by procuring it from nearby village and transported through mobile water tankers.
Table 2.11 – Water Requirement for Proposed Project S. Quantity Purpose No. (KLD) 1 Drinking & Domestic Purposes 0.3 2 Dust Suppression 1.7 3 Plantation 1.0 Total 3.0
2.7.11 Power Supply The mines will work in one shift (i.e., general shift) during day time only. Since, no mining activities will be carried out during night time, electricity supply is not required. The machinery to be used in the mines will be diesel operated. Hence, no power supply is required for them.
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CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPITION OF ENVIRONMENT
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 General The baseline environment conditions are important factors to study in EIA study. Baseline environment provides us the carrying capacity of environment, weather a proposed project can be feasible or not. We can compare the predicted anticipated environmental impacts due to the cluster within which the proposed project is falling to the baseline study and can prepare mitigation plan to manage the harmful effects due to the cluster. Thus, the baseline environment plays a decisive tool to any project in EIA study. If the predicted environmental damage is more than the carrying capacity of present environment the project may not get approval from the Government of Gujarat. To study the baseline environment for the Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 of area 4.00 Ha and the cluster within which it falls (of area 40.02 Ha), the study area has been separated in two zones, core zone and buffer zone. Core zone has been considered the area within cluster (comprising of all 15 mines) and buffer zone has been considered 10 km boundary from cluster. All the environmental aspects as per the ToR prescribed by SEIAA, Gujarat have been studied including ambient air quality, ambient noise quality, surface and ground water quality, soil quality, land use and ecological flora and fauna. Metrological primary and secondary data have also been collected to know the baseline metrological conditions. Primary data has been collected by NABL accredited laboratory.
3.1.1 Laboratory Details Details of NABL accredited laboratory are presented in the table below –
Table 3.1 – Laboratory Details S. Particulars Details No. Name of the Gaheli Environmental Laboratory 1 Laboratory (A Unit of Gaheli Centre of Research and Development Pvt. Ltd.) DSIDC, Shed-1, 2nd Floor, Opposite Meghraj Sweets, Wazirpur 2 Address Industrial, Area – I, Delhi 110052 Accreditation 3 Certificate No. TC-7794 Details
Secondary data has been collected from government literature and website, like CPCB, New Delhi, IMD and Census Survey of India, 2011. 10 km buffer map showing the cluster study area has been provided in the figure below with core and buffer zone.
3.1.2 Methodology Base line attributes like ambient air, water, meteorology, noise, soil, ecology and biodiversity and socio economy condition were collected as per approved ToR. Secondary data was also collected from various government department as well as local people. Methodology adopted in this study is as follows – 1. Collection of ecological data at and near the mine site. 2. Installation of air monitoring dust samplers (for PM10, PM2.5) at 8 locations in the study area for the collection of primary air pollutants. 3. Carrying out of a detailed biological study for the Core and Buffer Zone. 4. Collection of soil samples from 8 locations in the study area to analyze physical and chemical characteristics of soil quality.
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5. Collection of surface samples from 5 locations. Ground water samples from 8 locations within study area to analyse the existing water quality in the study area. 6. Noise measurement in core zone as well as buffer zone to analyze the existing situation in the study area. 7. Literature review that includes identification of relevant data and articles from various publications, various government agencies and other sources for socio-economy, demography has been done with primary data collection in 10 km of the study area. 8. Carrying out of field studies during the study period (October 2020 to December 2020) to establish the existing baseline conditions.
Fig. 3.1 – 10 km Buffer Map of Study Area
3.2 Land Environment Since open-cast method has been adopted, studies of land use and terrain information is required for environment study. The main objective of land baseline data is to take remedial measures for any change in land use due to the cluster. In this section both core and buffer zone areas have been considered for present land baseline data.
3.2.1 Land Use in Core Zone Present land use of within mine lease for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 has been provided in approved mining plan. Total area of the mine is 4 Ha.
Table 3.2 – Land Use Pattern of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 S. No. Head Present Land Use (Ha) 1 Mining activities 0 2 Road/kachha rasta 0
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3 Waste dump 0 4 Mineral stock yard 0 5 Processing plant 0 6 Workshop 0 7 Township 0 8 Barren land 0 9 Agricultural land 0 Total 4 (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
3.2.2 Land Use in Buffer Zone Land use of study area has been prepared from latest satellite imagery. Specialised land use data has been prepared by using Arc GIS software. Different components are provided in this section. Land use and land cover has been analysed for the cluster for the agricultural land, beaches, forest, open scrub, sand dunes and water body etc. To assess the land use pattern surrounding the 10 km radius of the cluster, a detailed study was carried out. The land use pattern study reveals that the 10 km environment is predominantly agricultural land. The land use details are given in in table and figure below.
Fig. 3.2 – Cluster Land Use Pattern
Table 3.3 – Land Use Breakup of the Cluster S. No. Type of Land Area (Ha) Area (%) 1 Agricultural 41133.36 83.08 2 Forest 1883.58 3.80 2 Open Scrub 3471.91 7.01 3 Settlement 1585.82 3.20
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4 Water Body/River/Nala 1435.26 2.90 Total 49509.93 100.00
3.2.3 Seismicity of the Area The Bureau of Indian Standards publishes seismicity map and codes in India. The cluster is present in near the village(s) Upleta, Chikhaliya, Chhadvavadar and Bholgamda and falls under Seismic Zone IV. Seismic Zone IV has been classified as high risk of earthquake by Gujarat Disaster Management Authority. Seismic zone showing study area is shown in the figure below.
Fig. 3.3 – Seismic Zone Map of Study Area
3.2.4 Major Environmental Features in Study Area There is no wild life sanctuary and national park within study area. There is no tiger and elephant corridor in study area and no archaeological site notified by ASI is present in study area.
3.3 Soil Characteristics The soil can be defined by upper horizon of soil layers. Soil serves a natural medium to plant growth. Soil physical and chemical parameter has been analysed at 8 locations including near the cluster. Secondary data of soil has also been collected to know the different soil types present in Gujarat. Map showing the different soil types in Gujarat is presented in the figure below.
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Fig. 3.4 – Soil Map of Gujarat
3.3.1 Soil Types in Gujarat The state is having with a wide range of macro and microclimates, Physiography, landforms, geology and vegetation that have an influence on the genesis of soil. Soil systems have developed over many millions of years. The soil characteristics in a given area at a given point of time are a function of both natural influences and human activities. This section deals with the different types of soils found in Gujarat.
1. Black Soil It is the most dominant soil type of Gujarat. Three major variations recorded are as follows –
i. Shallow Black Soils – Shallow black soils have been developed from the basaltic trap in Saurashtra and the Deccan trap in extreme eastern part while the remaining strips in Chhotaudepur and Saurashtra districts have been developed from granite and gneiss parent material. The depth of soil ranges from a few cm to 30 cm. (Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board (2007). Shallow black soils are light grey in colour and mainly sandy clay loam in texture. The soil is poor in fertility. ii. Medium Black Soils – Medium black soils have a basaltic trap parent material. Such soils in some parts of Sabarkantha and Panchmahals have been also developed from the granite and gneiss parent material. These soils vary in depth from 30 to 60 cm. They are calcareous in nature except in the Panchmahals and Sabarkantha districts. A layer of murum (unconsolidated material of decomposed trap and limestone) is found below a depth of about 40 cm, especially in the Saurashtra region (GSAMB 2007). The soils are silt loam to clay in texture and neutral
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to alkaline in reaction. These soils are adequately supplied with potassium and poorly supplied with phosphorous and nitrogen. iii. Deep Black Soils – The districts of Bharuch, Surat, Valsad and southern part of Vadodara, and the Bhal region have deep black soils. Similarly, in the Ghed tract of Junagadh districts mostly covering the talukas of Porbandar, Kutiyana, and Manavadar and part of the Mangrol taluka, the deep black soils have been formed due to the deposition of basaltic trap materials transported by the rivers Bhadar, Minsar, OsatMadhuvanti etc. They have faced the problem of salinity and alkalinity. They are also impregnated with a fairly high amount of free lime. The soils are dark brown to very dark greyish brown in colour. They contain 40 to 70 percent clay minerals. The deep black soils, in general, are clay-like in texture, poor in drainage, and neutral to alkaline in reaction. These soils are most fertile soil in Black soils.
2. Mixed Red and Black Soils The mixed red and black soils are shallow in depth with reddish brown colour at higher and greyish brown colour at lower elevations. Texturally, they are clay loam to clay and skeletal in nature, with stony material as high as 50 percent in subsurface layer. This provides an ideal drainage conditions for these soils. The soils are highly calcareous in nature and alkaline in reaction. The soils are low in available nitrogen, medium in phosphorus, and high in potassium (GSAMB 2007).
3. Laterite Soil True Laterites in the real sense of the term don't occur in Gujarat. However, in the Dangs district, which has an abundant forest vegetation and high annual precipitation of about 250 cm, lateritic soils have developed. They support good forests. Clayey in texture they become hard within hours of receiving irrigation and rainfall.
4. Alluvial Soils These soils are very deep. These soils are further divided into alluvial sandy to sandy loam soils, alluvial sandy loam to sandy clay loam, and coastal alluvial soil.
5. Alluvial Sandy to Sandy Loam Soils These soils cover all the northern districts, namely, Banaskantha and Mehsana except the southern part and the area of Sabarkantha bordering the Kheralu and Vijapur talukas of Mehsana district. The original alluvial material in Banaskantha and some parts of the Mehsana district has been overlaid by sandy material brought in by the winds blowing through the desert of Kutch. From a fertility point of view, these soils are low in available nutrients.
6. Alluvial Sandy Loam to Sandy Clay Loam Alluvial sandy loam to sandy clay soils are found in the Kheda, Gandhinagar, Ahmadabad and Mehsana district and the western part of the Vadodara district. These soils are the most productive soils in the state and contains fairly good amount of potassium.
7. Coastal Alluvial Soils The coastal alluvial soils are sandy clay loam to clay in texture. The fertility of this type of soil is of medium class.
8. Hill Soils This type of soil occurs in the hilly areas and eastern strip of the mainland Gujarat. The soil profile is not well developed due to steep slope and erosion. Soil is shallow in depth formed by undecomposed rock and poor in fertility. Hill soils have been developed from parent materials existing in the respective areas. Shallow and composed of undecomposed rock fragments, they are poor in fertility.
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9. Desert Soils Desert soil is generally found in the little and greater desert of Kutch. The soil is deep and light grey in colour with no definite structure. It is sandy to sandy loam with silt clay loam in structure. This type of salt has high salt content and sufficient amount of gypsum in the soil profile.
3.3.2 Methodology of Soil Data Generation Soil samples have been taken from 8 sites within the study area. The sample was collected by driving an auger into the soil up to the depth of 90 cm. The present study on the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and identifies the incremental concentrations if any, due to the proposed project. The objective of the sampling is as follows – 1. To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area. 2. To determine the impact of proposed activity on soil characteristics. 3. To determine the impact on soil more importantly agriculture production point of view.
The soil sample is collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm. The sample was then packed in polythene plastic bags and sealed. The sample from three different depths is homogenized and is then analyzed. The soil samples were collected in the month of October to December 2020. Soil samples were collected from 8 locations. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis. The test results and maps for soil sampling locations are provided below.
Table 3.4 – Soil Sample Collection Points S. No. Location No. Sample Collected Location 1 SQ-1 Project Site 2 SQ-2 Nani Vavdi 3 SQ-3 Vadla 4 SQ-4 Khakhijaliya 5 SQ-5 Upleta 6 SQ-6 Morkhara 7 SQ-7 Nagalkheda 8 SQ-8 Chikhliya
3.3.2.1 Soil Monitoring Results Soil quality has been analyzed as per Indian standards prescribed by government. Soil samples have been taken from 8 locations.
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Fig. 3.5 – Soil Monitoring Locations
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Table 3.5 – Soil Monitoring Analysis S. Parameters Units Results Test Method No. SQ-1 02.10.2020 08.11.2020 08.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.58 7.68 7.76 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 484 487 482 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 10.7 12.3 12.8 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 37 37 35 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 83 91 95 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.5 12.4 12.8 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.6 0.63 0.62 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 132 132 131 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.3 74 76 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.9 3.4 3.8 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.2 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-2 07.10.2020 08.11.2020 08.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.48 7.45 7.35 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 466 463 466 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 13.8 13.8 13.4 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 33 33 36 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 79 78 74 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.6 13.6 13.2 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.62 0.62 0.61 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 135 135 138 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.5 8.5 8.6 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 3.5 3.5 3.4 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-3 02.10.2020 08.11.2020 02.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.32 7.32 7.38 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 463 468 461 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 12.8 12.8 12.8 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 45 39 41 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 73 73 73 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03
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6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.4 13.4 13.4 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.64 0.64 0.64 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 138 139 131 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.2 8.2 8.3 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 3.5 3.5 3.5 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-4 02.10.2020 04.11.2020 02.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.58 7.52 7.68 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 484 482 475 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 10.7 10.8 10.5 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 37 36 32 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 83 81 79 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.5 13.5 14.2 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.6 0.6 0.62 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 132 130 127 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.3 8.1 8.3 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.9 4.9 4.6 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.2 0.2 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-5 03.10.2020 08.11.2020 03.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.36 7.28 7.32 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 478 478 474 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 12.8 12.8 12.8 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 38 37 37 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 71 75 75 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.2 13.8 13.2 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.61 0.61 0.61 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 132 138 137 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.3 8.3 8.3 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.2 4.2 4.2 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-6 01.10.2020 04.11.2020 02.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.54 7.4 7.52 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 487 479 486 IS 14767 Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja Page 34
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3 Moisture % 12.1 11.2 12 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 43 36 41 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 78 72 75 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 14.9 15.5 14.9 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.61 0.61 0.61 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 141 133 139 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 7.8 7.5 7.8 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.3 3.9 4.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-7 08.10.2020 08.11.2020 08.12.2020 1 pH Value - 6.79 7.35 6.86 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 468 477 465 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 11.2 12.8 11.8 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 34 32 34 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 71 71 73 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 13.4 13.4 13.4 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.64 0.63 0.64 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 135 131 135 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.2 8.5 8.3 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.5 4.3 4.2 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.1 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision SQ-8 01.10.2020 04.11.2020 02.12.2020 1 pH Value - 7.21 7.24 7.35 IS 2720 (P-26) 2 Electrical Conductivity µmhos/cm 441 435 426 IS 14767 3 Moisture % 10.3 10.4 10.8 IS 2720(Part-2) 4 Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg 49 45 46 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/04 5 Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg 72 78 77 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/03 6 Water Holding Capacity* % 15.6 14.8 15.1 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/01 7 Organic Matter % 0.62 0.61 0.63 IS 2720 (P-22) 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/kg 134 135 130 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/18 9 Phosphorous mg/kg 8.6 8.6 8.2 GEL/LAB/SOP/SOIL/10 10 Copper mg/kg 4.3 4.4 4.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision 11 Lead mg/kg 0.1 0.2 0.1 3050-B, PP 1-12, USEPA 2nd Revision Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja Page 35
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* parameter is not under NABL Scope.
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3.3.2.2 Soil Analysis Inference Physical characteristics of soil were characterized through specific parameters viz bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity and texture. Soil pH plays an important role in the availability of nutrients. Soil microbial activity as well as solubility of metal ions is also dependent on pH. In the study area, variations in the pH of the soil were found to be slightly acidic to slightly basic (6.79 to 7.76). Electrical conductivity is a measure of the soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. In the collected soil samples, the conductivity ranged from 426 to 487 µmhos/cm. The soils with low bulk density have favourable physical condition where as those with high bulk density exhibit poor physical conditions for agriculture crops.
3.4 Water Environment To analyse the surface and ground water quality of study area, sampling has been carried out by NABL accredited laboratory for primary data. Secondary data has been collected from CGWB district brochure of Rajkot. Ground water levels are at a depth of 7-10 mbgl in the cluster. Sampling of surface and ground water was collected as per IS 3025 Part I. Water quality assessment is one of the essential components of EIA study. Such assessment helps in evaluating the existing health of water body and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the potential impact from development projects. The cluster is not expected to have any anticipated impact on surface and ground water quality.
3.4.1 Water Quality Sampling Locations Surface and ground water have been collected from the cluster study area. The water sampling locations are provided in the following figures. The sampling locations selected are provided in the table below –
Table 3.6 – Water Sampling Locations S. No. Location No. Sample Collected Location Ground Water 1 GW-1 Project Site 2 GW-2 Nani Vavdi 3 GW-3 Vadla 4 GW-4 Khakhijaliya 5 GW-5 Upleta 6 GW-6 Morkhara 7 GW-7 Nagalkheda 8 GW-8 Chikhliya Surface Water 1 SW-1 Bhadar River (Upstream) 2 SW-2 Bhadar River (Downstream) 3 SW-3 Moj Nadi 4 SW-4 Utavali Nadi 5 SW-5 Panchasar Nadi
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Fig. 3.6 – Ground Water Quality Sampling Locations
Fig. 3.7 – Surface Water Quality Sampling Locations
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3.4.2 Surface and Ground Water Quality 3.4.2.1 Surface Water Monitoring Surface water quality has been sampled as per Indian Standards. Surface water quality has been analyzed from the 5 locations. Surface water analyzed results are provided in the table below. All the parameters have been analyzed by IS 3025: Part 4 to Part 62.
Table 3.7 – Surface Water Physiological & Microbiological Characteristics Limits (as per S. Test Unit IS:10500-2012) No Parameters Results Metho s Desirab Permissib . d le Limit le Limit 01.10.20 09.11.20 01.12.20 SW-1 20 20 20 IS : 3025 Haze 1 Color* 5 15 <5 <5 <5 (Pt-4) n 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 2 Odour* - Agreeable (Pt-5) le e e e 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab 3 Taste* - Agreeable ------(Pt-8)- le 1984, RA 2017 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)- 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 1984,RA 2017 IS : 3025 No 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 7.21 7.27 7.3 (Pt- Relaxation 11)1983, RA 2017 Total IS : 3025 (Pt- 6 Hardness mg/l 200 600 216 216 220 21)1983, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B No (AAS), 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 0.94 0.94 0.92 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : 3025 Chlorides 8 mg/l 250 1000 267 245 264 (Pt- (as Cl) 32)1988, RA 2014 4500F(D), Fluoride (as 9 mg/l 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA F ) 23nd Ed. 2017 Total IS: Dissolved 10 mg/l 500 2000 546 536 584 3025(Pt- Solids 16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) IS : 3025 Calcium (as 11 mg/l 75 200 183 158 174 (Pt- Ca2+) 40)1991, RA 2014 Magnesium By 12 2+ mg/l 30 100 86 84 82 Calculatio (as Mg ) n 3111B Copper (as (AAS), 13 mg/l 0.05 1.5 0.14 0.11 0.17 APHA Cu) 23nd Ed. 2017
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3111B Manganese( (AAS), 14 mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA as Mn) 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Sulphate (as 3025(Pt- 15 mg/l 200 400 231 236 236 24)1986, SO4) RA 2014 IS : Nitrate(as No 3025(Pt- 16 mg/l 45 2.3 2.6 2.3 34)1988, NO3) Relaxation RA 2014 Phenolic IS : 3025(Pt- 17 Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 43)1992, * RA 2014 3114 No (AAS), 18 Mercury* mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Cadmium No (AAS), 19 mg/l 0.003 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA (as Cd) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Selenium ( No (AAS), 20 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA as Se )* Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Arsenic (as (AAS), 21 mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA As)* 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : No 22 Cyanide* mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Pt- Relaxation 27)1986, RA 2014 3111B Lead (as No (AAS), 23 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA Pb) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B (AAS), 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Chromium No 25 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 3025(Pt- (as Cr6+) Relaxation 52)-2003 RA 2014 IS: Alkalinity 3025(Pt- 26 mg/l 200 600 89 98 88 23)1986, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B Boron (as (AAS), 27 mg/l 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA B) 23nd Ed. 2017 APHA Phosphorou 23nd 28 mg/l - - 0.45 0.49 0.45 Edition s (as P) 2017-4500 P,D IS : Sodium (as 29 mg/l - - 17.2 18.5 16.8 3025(Pt- Na) 45) 1993, RA 2019 IS : Potassium 30 mg/l - - 3.1 2.8 3.7 3025(Pt- (as K) 45) 1993, RA 2019
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Total IS : 1622, 31 mg/l - - 13 16 11 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 Fecal IS : 1622, 32 mg/l - - Absence Absence Absence 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 03.10.20 03.11.20 02.12.20 SW-3 20 20 20 IS : 3025 Haze 1 Color* 5 15 <5 <5 <5 (Pt-4) n 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 2 Odour* - Agreeable (Pt-5) le e e e 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab 3 Taste* - Agreeable ------(Pt-8)- le 1984, RA 2017 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)- 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 1984,RA 2017 IS : 3025 No 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 7.19 7.3 7.19 (Pt- Relaxation 11)1983, RA 2017 Total IS : 3025 (Pt- 6 Hardness mg/l 200 600 228 247 246 21)1983, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B No (AAS), 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 0.95 0.93 0.91 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : 3025 Chlorides 8 mg/l 250 1000 274 256 263 (Pt- (as Cl) 32)1988, RA 2014 4500F(D), Fluoride (as 9 mg/l 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA F ) 23nd Ed. 2017 Total IS: Dissolved 10 mg/l 500 2000 561 645 634 3025(Pt- Solids 16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) IS : 3025 Calcium (as 11 mg/l 75 200 175 186 173 (Pt- Ca2+) 40)1991, RA 2014 Magnesium By 12 2+ mg/l 30 100 67 88 98 Calculatio (as Mg ) n 3111B Copper (as (AAS), 13 mg/l 0.05 1.5 0.16 0.14 0.16 APHA Cu) 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Manganese( (AAS), 14 mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA as Mn) 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Sulphate (as 3025(Pt- 15 mg/l 200 400 234 224 254 24)1986, SO4) RA 2014 IS : Nitrate(as No 3025(Pt- 16 mg/l 45 2.5 2.1 2.6 34)1988, NO3) Relaxation RA 2014
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Phenolic IS : 3025(Pt- 17 Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 43)1992, * RA 2014 3114 No (AAS), 18 Mercury* mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Cadmium No (AAS), 19 mg/l 0.003 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA (as Cd) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Selenium ( No (AAS), 20 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA as Se )* Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Arsenic (as (AAS), 21 mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA As)* 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : No 22 Cyanide* mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Pt- Relaxation 27)1986, RA 2014 3111B Lead (as No (AAS), 23 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA Pb) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B (AAS), 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Chromium No 25 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 3025(Pt- (as Cr6+) Relaxation 52)-2003 RA 2014 IS: Alkalinity 3025(Pt- 26 mg/l 200 600 88 112 81 23)1986, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B Boron (as (AAS), 27 mg/l 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA B) 23nd Ed. 2017 APHA Phosphorou 23nd 28 mg/l - - 0.45 0.51 0.45 Edition s (as P) 2017-4500 P,D IS : Sodium (as 29 mg/l - - 16.8 16.1 15.9 3025(Pt- Na) 45) 1993, RA 2019 IS : Potassium 30 mg/l - - 2.3 2.7 3.4 3025(Pt- (as K) 45) 1993, RA 2019 Total IS : 1622, 31 mg/l - - 13 12 14 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 Fecal IS : 1622, 32 mg/l - - Absence Absence Absence 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 01.10.20 12.11.20 01.12.20 SW-4 20 20 20 IS : 3025 Haze 1 Color* 5 15 <5 <5 <5 (Pt-4) n 1983, RA 2017
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IS : 3025 Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 2 Odour* - Agreeable (Pt-5) le e e e 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab 3 Taste* - Agreeable ------(Pt-8)- le 1984, RA 2017 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)- 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 1984,RA 2017 IS : 3025 No 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 7.35 7.22 7.19 (Pt- Relaxation 11)1983, RA 2017 Total IS : 3025 (Pt- 6 Hardness mg/l 200 600 214 248 221 21)1983, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B No (AAS), 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 0.92 0.94 0.91 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : 3025 Chlorides 8 mg/l 250 1000 284 278 235 (Pt- (as Cl) 32)1988, RA 2014 4500F(D), Fluoride (as 9 mg/l 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA F ) 23nd Ed. 2017 Total IS: Dissolved 10 mg/l 500 2000 589 541 533 3025(Pt- Solids 16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) IS : 3025 Calcium (as 11 mg/l 75 200 169 179 175 (Pt- Ca2+) 40)1991, RA 2014 Magnesium By 12 2+ mg/l 30 100 74 88 69 Calculatio (as Mg ) n 3111B Copper (as (AAS), 13 mg/l 0.05 1.5 0.12 0.13 0.15 APHA Cu) 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Manganese( (AAS), 14 mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA as Mn) 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Sulphate (as 3025(Pt- 15 mg/l 200 400 256 226 212 24)1986, SO4) RA 2014 IS : Nitrate(as No 3025(Pt- 16 mg/l 45 2.2 2.6 2.6 34)1988, NO3) Relaxation RA 2014 Phenolic IS : 3025(Pt- 17 Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 43)1992, * RA 2014 3114 No (AAS), 18 Mercury* mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 Cadmium No 3111B 19 mg/l 0.003 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (AAS), (as Cd) Relaxation APHA
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23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Selenium ( No (AAS), 20 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA as Se )* Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Arsenic (as (AAS), 21 mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA As)* 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : No 22 Cyanide* mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Pt- Relaxation 27)1986, RA 2014 3111B Lead (as No (AAS), 23 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA Pb) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B (AAS), 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Chromium No 25 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 3025(Pt- (as Cr6+) Relaxation 52)-2003 RA 2014 IS: Alkalinity 3025(Pt- 26 mg/l 200 600 98 215 85 23)1986, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B Boron (as (AAS), 27 mg/l 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA B) 23nd Ed. 2017 APHA Phosphorou 23nd 28 mg/l - - 0.46 0.47 0.45 Edition s (as P) 2017-4500 P,D IS : Sodium (as 29 mg/l - - 17.7 16.8 15.6 3025(Pt- Na) 45) 1993, RA 2019 IS : Potassium 30 mg/l - - 2.5 12.7 3.6 3025(Pt- (as K) 45) 1993, RA 2019 Total IS : 1622, 31 mg/l - - 16 16 13 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 Fecal IS : 1622, 32 mg/l - - Absence Absence Absence 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 01.10.20 09.11.20 01.12.20 SW-5 20 20 20 IS : 3025 Haze 1 Color* 5 15 <5 <5 <5 (Pt-4) n 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 2 Odour* - Agreeable (Pt-5) le e e e 1983, RA 2017 IS : 3025 Agreeab 3 Taste* - Agreeable ------(Pt-8)- le 1984, RA 2017 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)- 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 1984,RA 2017
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IS : 3025 No 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 7.31 7.28 7.19 (Pt- Relaxation 11)1983, RA 2017 Total IS : 3025 (Pt- 6 Hardness mg/l 200 600 225 245 215 21)1983, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B No (AAS), 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.3 0.92 0.96 0.91 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : 3025 Chlorides 8 mg/l 250 1000 269 285 245 (Pt- (as Cl) 32)1988, RA 2014 4500F(D), Fluoride (as 9 mg/l 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA F ) 23nd Ed. 2017 Total IS: Dissolved 10 mg/l 500 2000 572 531 523 3025(Pt- Solids 16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) IS : 3025 Calcium (as 11 mg/l 75 200 175 187 184 (Pt- Ca2+) 40)1991, RA 2014 Magnesium By 12 2+ mg/l 30 100 81 84 75 Calculatio (as Mg ) n 3111B Copper (as (AAS), 13 mg/l 0.05 1.5 0.14 0.13 0.16 APHA Cu) 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Manganese( (AAS), 14 mg/l 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA as Mn) 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Sulphate (as 3025(Pt- 15 mg/l 200 400 229 218 219 24)1986, SO4) RA 2014 IS : Nitrate(as No 3025(Pt- 16 mg/l 45 2.2 2.4 2.3 34)1988, NO3) Relaxation RA 2014 Phenolic IS : 3025(Pt- 17 Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 43)1992, * RA 2014 3114 No (AAS), 18 Mercury* mg/l 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B Cadmium No (AAS), 19 mg/l 0.003 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA (as Cd) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Selenium ( No (AAS), 20 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA as Se )* Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3114 Arsenic (as (AAS), 21 mg/l 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA As)* 23nd Ed. 2017
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IS : No 22 Cyanide* mg/l 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Pt- Relaxation 27)1986, RA 2014 3111B Lead (as No (AAS), 23 mg/l 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA Pb) Relaxation 23nd Ed. 2017 3111B (AAS), 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 IS : Chromium No 25 mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 3025(Pt- (as Cr6+) Relaxation 52)-2003 RA 2014 IS: Alkalinity 3025(Pt- 26 mg/l 200 600 91 86 78 23)1986, (as CaCO3) RA 2014 3111B Boron (as (AAS), 27 mg/l 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA B) 23nd Ed. 2017 APHA Phosphorou 23nd 28 mg/l - - 0.45 0.48 0.45 Edition s (as P) 2017-4500 P,D IS : Sodium (as 29 mg/l - - 14.5 14.1 15.8 3025(Pt- Na) 45) 1993, RA 2019 IS : Potassium 30 mg/l - - 2.9 3.6 3.2 3025(Pt- (as K) 45) 1993, RA 2019 Total IS : 1622, 31 mg/l - - 12 13 16 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 Fecal IS : 1622, 32 mg/l - - Absence Absence Absence 1981, RA Coliform* 2019 * parameter is not under NABL scope
3.4.2.2 Ground Water Quality Ground water was analyzed as per specification IS 10500:2012. Ground water was collected from 8 locations and presented below.
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Table 3.8 – Ground Water Monitoring Analysis Limits (as per IS:10500-2012) S. Parameters Units Desirable Permissible Results Test Method No. Limit Limit GW-1 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 01.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984, RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.19 7.18 7.11 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 233 244 237 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 61 75 56 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 629 634 622 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 53 70 56 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 22.4 20.7 23.8 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 13 11 13 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.5 1.5 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017
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3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 82 74 81 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-2 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 0.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.31 7.12 7.31 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 229 235 230 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 80 67 68 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 612 654 625 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 57 52 61 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 26.5 26.5 24.3 By Calculation
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3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 15 10 14 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.4 1.7 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 77 84 81 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-3 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 01.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017
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3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.27 7.16 7.27 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 223 239 229 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 65 78 68 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 615 618 621 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 63 69 61 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 22.7 22.8 25.3 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 16 13 12 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.6 1.2 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014
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26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 82 89 67 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-4 03.10.2020 03.11.2020 02.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.25 7.2 7.27 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 247 243 256 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 76 72 72 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 639 635 648 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 71 67 78 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 24.8 24.4 25.7 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 15 11 15 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.7 1.5 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017
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3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 79 79 79 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-5 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 01.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.16 7.23 7.26 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 223 231 221 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 63 62 76 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 618 623 624 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 51 53 59 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 23.5 21.8 27.4 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 14 10 15 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.7 1.5 1.6 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 68 75 67 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-6 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 01.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.3 7.19 7.28 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 235 248 245 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 70 79 76 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 628 637 631 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 63 65 67 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 29 25 24.69 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 15 11 12 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.4 1.6 1.5 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 78 84 76 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-7 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 01.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.29 7.11 7.18 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 251 247 236 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 74 77 73 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 654 641 642 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 71 58 56 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 28 25.9 27 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 13 11 16 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.3 1.5 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 65 87 80 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 GW-8 01.10.2020 09.11.2020 0.12.2020 1 Color* Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 IS : 3025 (Pt-4) 1983, RA 2017 2 Odour* - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (Pt-5) 1983, RA 2017 3 Taste* - Agreeable Agreeable ------IS : 3025 (Pt-8)-1984, RA 2017 4 Turbidity NTU 1 5 <1 <1 <1 IS: 3025 (Pt-10)-1984,RA 2017 5 pH Value - 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 7.22 7.12 7.22 IS : 3025 (Pt-11)1983, RA 2017 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 241 242 239 IS : 3025 (Pt-21)1983, RA 2014
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3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 7 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 8 Chlorides (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 73 72 73 IS : 3025 (Pt-32)1988, RA 2014 9 Fluoride (as F ) mg/L 1 1.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 4500F(D), APHA 23nd Ed. 2017 Total Dissolved Solids 10 mg/L 500 2000 638 632 638 IS: 3025(Pt-16)1984, RA 2017 (TDS) 11 Calcium (as Ca2+) mg/L 75 200 69 68 69 IS : 3025 (Pt-40)1991, RA 2014 12 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/L 30 100 24.2 24.3 24 By Calculation 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 13 Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 14 Manganese(as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017 15 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 200 400 13 10 13 IS : 3025(Pt-24)1986, RA 2014 16 Nitrate(as NO3) mg/L 45 No Relaxation 1.5 1.5 1.5 IS : 3025(Pt-34)1988, RA 2014 17 Phenolic Compounds* mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS : 3025(Pt-43)1992, RA 2014 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 18 Mercury* mg/L 0.001 No Relaxation <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 19 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.003 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 20 Selenium ( as Se )* mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3114 (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 21 Arsenic (as As)* mg/L 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 22 Cyanide* mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 IS : 3025(Pt-27)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 23 Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 2017 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 24 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2017 25 Chromium (as Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 No Relaxation <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 IS : 3025(Pt-52)-2003 RA 2014 26 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 79 81 79 IS: 3025(Pt-23)1986, RA 2014 3111B (AAS), APHA 23nd Ed. 27 Boron (as B) mg/L 0.5 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2017
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
APHA 23nd Edition 2017-4500 28 Phosphorous (as P) mg/L - - <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 P,D 29 Sodium (as Na) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt-45) 1993, RA 2019 30 Potassium (as K) mg/L - - <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 IS : 3025(Pt- 45) 1993, RA 2019 31 Total Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 32 Fecal Coliform* mg/L - - Absence Absence Absence IS : 1622, 1981, RA 2019 * parameter is not under NABL scope
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Ground water was collected as per IS 3025: Part 1 and standards prescribed by CPCB, New Delhi India.
Inference: Fluoride is a common geo-genic (resulting from geological process) contamination of drinking water. The concentration of fluoride in ground water is principally governed by the climate, composition of hard rock and hydrogeology. Fluoride is released to ground water by the process of weathering of primary rocks. Fluoride was found to be less than 0.1 mg/L across all locations. The excess amount of fluoride leads to fluorosis (Dental fluorosis and Skeleton fluorosis) for human being especially for children and pregnant women. This is a result of destruction of metabolic calcium and phosphorus. In general, general, North Gujarat is severely affected by fluoride and it affects teeth and bones of body. Sodium chloride is the main substance in chloride water. The natural water near the mine and sea coast has dissolved sodium chloride. Similarly, the presence of chloride may be due to the mixing of saline water and sewage/effluent in water. Chloride concentration more than 250 mg/L leads to corrosion in pipes and palatability. Chloride concentrations were found in the range of 56 to 80 mg/L in which maximum chloride concentration were observed at GW-2. The excess amount of chloride as per WHO guidelines may cause heart failure and hypertension. Nitrate is not so harmful but it is dangerous for children causing Mathemoglobinemia. This should not be allowed in water especially for children. Nitrate is basically non toxic but when ingested with food or water, it will convert by bacterial action to nitrate and then to ammonia, which is toxic. Nitrate concentrations were found very less than permission limit in the range of 1.2 to 1.7 mg/L. Sulphate is not much dangerous but it leads to Diarrhea. The Mehsana district is not affected or less affected by sulphate. The sulphate concentration was found in the range of 10 to 16 mg/L. Calcium and Magnesium is the greatest portion of hardness occurring in natural water. Hardness of water is objectionable from view point of water use. Taste and appearance is affected by presence of Magnesium and damage the water supply structure due to the calcium precipitate. Calcium values were found in the range of 51 to 80 mg/L and magnesium values were found between 20.7 to 29 mg/L. The Total Dissolved Solid indicates the nature of water quality for salinity. The total dissolved solids is obtained by evaporating the water sample and weighing the residue. It leads to gastro intestinal irritation in human body if TDS is excess. Hardness is also important parameter which prevents the lathering of soap. Total hardness was found in the range of 221 to 256 mg/L as CaCO3. Alkalinity is the important parameter of water in which excess amount leads to unpleasant taste. Total alkalinity concentration was found in the range of 65 to 89 mg/L as CaCO3. Turbidity is caused due to presence of suspended and colloidal matters in the water. Turbidity is the measure of resistance of water to the passages of light through it. Turbidity of the samples were found to be <1 NTU.
3.5 Air Environment 3.5.1 Meteorology The meteorological data provides the climate information which help to find the predominant present downwind direction to predict the incremental pollution load due to project activity.
Indian climate has been divided in to four major categories. The four major seasons and their duration are presented below – 1. Winter – December to February 2. Summer – March to June 3. Monsoon – July to September 4. Post Monsoon – October to December
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Primary site-specific meteorological data was collected for October 2020 to December 2020.
3.5.2 Secondary Data Secondary data was collected from District Groundwater Brochure, Rajkot District Gujarat, Central Ground Water Board, 2013. Significant parameters are summarized in the table below –
Table 3.9 – Climatological Data Temperature (°C) Humidity Wind Speed Rainfall Month Minimum Maximum (%) (kmpd) (mm) January 28.1 11.1 40.0 224.5 0.9 February 30.9 13.1 40.0 248.2 0.6 March 35.3 17.4 44.0 297.5 1.7 April 38.7 21.2 46.5 363.1 0.6 May 40.3 24.6 51.5 485.4 2.6 June 37.4 25.8 67.0 518.3 110.1 July 32.8 24.8 78.5 487.2 238.5 August 31.4 23.8 81.0 416.1 209.8 September 32.9 22.7 73.5 313.9 96.3 October 35.4 21.0 53.0 215.3 39.8 November 32.9 17.2 44.5 188.0 7.8 December 29.5 13.1 42.0 204.4 1.1 Average 33.8 19.7 55.1 330.2 - Total - - - - 709.8 (Source – District Groundwater Brochure, Rajkot District Gujarat, Central Ground Water Board, 2013)
3.5.3 Climatology Climate of these regions is characterized by hot summer and general dryness except in the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to middle of June. The period from middle of June to September is the southwest monsoon season. October and November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The period from March to May is one of continuous increase in temperatures. The district has semi-arid climate. Extreme temperatures, erratic rainfall and high evaporation are the characteristic features of this type of climate. (Source: District groundwater brochure).
3.5.3.1 Baseline Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality at selected 8 locations was carried out as per Indian standards guidelines and monitoring stations was selected as per CPCB manual. The post monsoon season (October- December 2020) was selected for ambient air quality study. The locations where ambient air quality monitoring carried out presented in the table below.
3.5.3.2 Methodology Adopted for The Study Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency Calibrated Respirable Dust Samplers were used for the sampling of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. Ambient air sampling for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx was performed continuously for 24 hours to determine 24-hour average concentrations. Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out with a frequency of two days per week at all five locations. The sampling was performed at a height of 1.5 m (approximately) from the ground level. Standard methods specified under NAAQS
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP notification G.S.R. 176(E) were adopted for sampling and analysis. Five locations within the study area were scientifically selected and are based on the following considerations – 1. Meteorological conditions 2. Topography of the study area 3. The direction of the wind 4. Representation of the region for establishing baseline status 5. Representation with respect to likely impact areas.
Table 3.10 – Ambient Air Monitoring Stations S. Location No. Sample Collected Location No. 1 AAQ-1 Project Site 2 AAQ-2 Nani Vavdi 3 AAQ-3 Vadla 4 AAQ-4 Khakhijaliya 5 AAQ-5 Upleta 6 AAQ-6 Morkhara 7 AAQ-7 Nagalkheda 8 AAQ-8 Chikhliya
3.5.4 Air Quality Measurement Ambient air quality monitoring stations for the cluster was selected on the basis of nearest anticipated receptors with reference to the predominant wind direction. Monitoring has been carried out by using calibrated instruments for five ambient air quality parameters. PM10, PM2.5, NOx, CO and SO2 were considered for study. Instrument was operated 1.5-3 m above ground surface to ignore any fugitive temporary emissions. Monitoring has been carried out as per standard operating procedure for 24 hourly particulate matter and gaseous samples were drown 8 hourly at 0.5 LPM. Samples were preserved below 4 °C to ensure no loss from the actual conditions. Respirable dust sampler was used for particulate matter sampling by using glass fibre filter of Whatman. Sulphur dioxide was sampled by scrubbing in Tetrachloromerchurate solution (Weast and Gaek method). NOx was measures by bubbling oxides of nitrogen in sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenate mixture (Jacob and Hochiser method). Locations marked on high imagery satellite are presented in the figure below.
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Fig. 3.8 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
3.5.4.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted for three months post monsoon October-December 2020. Interpretation has been done for entire data for four statistical parameters, minimum, maximum, average and 98th percentile was computed location wise. Data for the same has been attached as Annexure VIII.
Table 3.11 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 (µg/m3) CO (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Date IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt- IS:5182:Pt- Gravimetric IS:5182:Pt-6 23 2 10 AAQ-1 01.10.2020 83.7 41.9 5.9 10.5 0.6 04.10.2020 84.7 42.7 6.3 10.6 0.69 08.10.2020 84.2 42.2 5.6 10.3 0.65 11.10.2020 83.1 41.6 5.6 10.9 0.53 15.10.2020 83.6 42.2 7.8 10.3 0.59 18.10.2020 83.1 41.4 6.3 11.4 0.67 22.10.2020 84.3 42.5 6.3 11.6 0.61 25.10.2020 85.6 40.4 6.4 10.8 0.65 01.11.2020 82.9 41.6 6.9 9.2 0.59 04.11.2020 85.6 42.4 5.8 9.6 0.75 08.11.2020 83.8 42.9 6.1 10.5 0.71 11.11.2020 82.4 40.8 5.4 10.1 0.63 15.11.2020 83.2 42.7 6.2 9.3 0.7
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18.11.2020 84.2 42.7 7.1 11.6 0.58 22.11.2020 84.2 43.6 6.6 10.4 0.71 25.11.2020 84.5 40.2 6.8 9.8 0.65 01.12.2020 83.3 41.8 6.1 10.3 0.72 04.12.2020 84.6 42.5 5.8 10.3 0.75 08.12.2020 84.8 43.2 6.1 10.5 0.62 11.12.2020 83.2 43.2 6.1 10.2 0.57 15.12.2020 83.6 42.1 7.1 10.2 0.64 18.12.2020 83.6 40.2 6.7 10.3 0.58 22.12.2020 84.8 42.1 6.4 11.5 0.63 25.12.2020 85.2 40.9 6.1 10.4 0.67 AAQ-2 01.10.2020 88.5 45.7 7.3 11.8 0.74 04.10.2020 86.9 42.2 7.7 12.2 0.59 08.10.2020 85.1 43.3 6.6 11.2 0.56 11.10.2020 85.2 43.5 7.4 12.7 0.55 15.10.2020 87.8 44.6 7.2 12.7 0.57 18.10.2020 86.5 44.3 8.8 12.6 0.63 22.10.2020 87.4 45.2 7.8 12.9 0.72 25.10.2020 84.2 41.6 7.7 13.3 0.68 01.11.2020 85.3 46.6 7.1 11.6 0.74 04.11.2020 86.7 43.2 7.9 11.2 0.67 08.11.2020 85.1 43.4 6.8 12.4 0.57 11.11.2020 84.5 41.9 7.2 11.6 0.63 15.11.2020 87.6 44.2 7.6 11.2 0.76 18.11.2020 85.3 45.4 9.2 13.8 0.69 22.11.2020 86.6 45.5 7.2 14 0.56 25.11.2020 85.6 42.1 7.9 12.2 0.66 01.12.2020 88.6 45.1 7.5 11.3 0.78 04.12.2020 86.2 42.5 7.8 12.6 0.72 08.12.2020 85.4 43.8 6.4 11.9 0.62 11.12.2020 85.3 43.1 7.1 12.4 0.79 15.12.2020 87.2 44.1 7.9 12.9 0.72 18.12.2020 86.5 44.2 8.5 13 0.68 22.12.2020 87.1 45.3 7.9 13.8 0.56 25.12.2020 84.8 41.8 7.2 13.6 0.61 AAQ-3 01.10.2020 85.3 43.1 6.4 11.6 0.68 04.10.2020 85.7 42.2 7.4 10.7 0.72 08.10.2020 86.3 42.7 6.6 11.8 0.79 11.10.2020 84.5 41.7 7.2 12.4 0.73 15.10.2020 82.4 44.6 6.2 10.5 0.71 18.10.2020 86.6 43.8 7.9 13.2 0.57 22.10.2020 84.2 41.5 7.6 11.1 0.64 25.10.2020 85.6 43.4 7.9 12.2 0.58 01.11.2020 85.2 43.8 6.8 11.2 0.74 04.11.2020 85 42.6 7.3 10.1 0.67 08.11.2020 86.1 42.4 6.5 11.3 0.57 11.11.2020 84.6 41.8 7.3 12.6 0.62 15.11.2020 82.8 44.1 6.7 10.1 0.56
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18.11.2020 86.1 43.3 7.4 11.4 0.59 22.11.2020 84.6 41.4 7.8 11.8 0.53 25.11.2020 85.1 43.2 7.6 12.4 0.56 01.12.2020 85.2 43.8 6.8 11.2 0.51 04.12.2020 85.2 42.6 7.3 10.1 0.57 08.12.2020 86.1 42.4 6.5 11.3 0.74 11.12.2020 84.6 41.8 7.3 12.6 0.59 15.12.2020 82.8 44.1 6.7 10.1 0.75 18.12.2020 86.1 43.3 7.4 13.1 0.57 22.12.2020 84.6 41.4 7.8 11.8 0.72 25.12.2020 85.1 43.2 7.6 12.4 0.73 AAQ-4 01.10.2020 75.2 35.5 6.2 8.1 0.67 04.10.2020 77.2 34.8 6.5 11.2 0.54 08.10.2020 78.2 33.2 6.2 9.2 0.57 11.10.2020 76.2 35.4 5.2 9.3 0.6 15.10.2020 72.5 37.8 7.1 10.6 0.63 18.10.2020 78.6 35.6 6.8 10.2 0.61 22.10.2020 76.6 33.8 5.4 7.9 0.67 25.10.2020 74.3 35.2 6.3 9.4 0.61 01.11.2020 75.2 35.5 6.2 8.1 0.53 04.11.2020 77.2 34.8 6.5 11.2 0.59 08.11.2020 78.2 33.2 6.2 9.2 0.61 11.11.2020 76.2 35.4 5.2 9.3 0.68 15.11.2020 72.5 37.8 7.1 10.6 0.61 18.11.2020 78.6 35.6 6.8 10.2 0.63 22.11.2020 76.6 33.8 5.4 7.9 0.63 25.11.2020 74.3 35.2 6.3 9.4 0.75 01.12.2020 76.3 35.1 6.8 8.5 0.56 04.12.2020 78.1 35.2 6.8 11.4 0.69 08.12.2020 78.5 33.3 6.2 10.2 0.54 11.12.2020 76.8 34.8 6.3 9.5 0.72 15.12.2020 73.2 37.6 6.8 10.3 0.64 18.12.2020 77.1 35.2 7.8 10.4 0.67 22.12.2020 76.2 34.6 6.8 7.2 0.59 25.12.2020 74.8 35.4 6.8 10.4 0.63 AAQ-5 01.10.2020 84.2 42.4 7.7 12.2 0.62 04.10.2020 85.1 42.5 6.3 10.8 0.68 08.10.2020 85.3 41.7 6.2 11.4 0.61 11.10.2020 87.6 43.1 6.2 12.7 0.74 15.10.2020 85.2 42.1 6.3 12.2 0.57 18.10.2020 85.5 42.6 6.4 12.6 0.67 22.10.2020 84.2 43.4 7.6 12.5 0.58 25.10.2020 86.2 42.4 6.8 11.3 0.79 01.11.2020 83.5 41.4 7.4 12.1 0.59 04.11.2020 86.4 43.8 6.5 11.1 0.67 08.11.2020 84.2 41.8 6.4 12.1 0.64 11.11.2020 87 42.2 6.5 11.6 0.78 15.11.2020 86.3 42.8 7.8 11.8 0.72
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18.11.2020 84.2 42.5 7.2 12.8 0.56 22.11.2020 84.4 43 7.8 9.8 0.65 25.11.2020 87.5 42.8 6.9 11.2 0.56 01.12.2020 84.4 42.1 7.6 12.5 0.69 04.12.2020 85.8 42.6 6.5 10.2 0.57 08.12.2020 85.3 41.7 6.8 11.1 0.63 11.12.2020 87.4 42.9 6.4 12.2 0.75 15.12.2020 85.9 42.5 6.8 11.3 0.56 18.12.2020 86.3 42.2 7.3 11.4 0.59 22.12.2020 84.8 43.5 7.9 12.4 0.61 25.12.2020 86.1 42.2 6.1 11.8 0.68 AAQ-6 01.10.2020 81.4 38.5 6.8 10.7 0.53 04.10.2020 81.2 38.5 5.4 10.7 0.59 08.10.2020 80.5 38.2 6.1 10.8 0.75 11.10.2020 79.6 37.4 6.2 10.2 0.72 15.10.2020 78.7 37.8 5.2 9.7 0.64 18.10.2020 80.3 36.8 6.6 11.3 0.66 22.10.2020 81.6 39.4 6.8 9.1 0.62 25.10.2020 81.4 35.4 5.8 9.4 0.61 01.11.2020 81.2 38.6 6.5 10.2 0.53 04.11.2020 81.6 38.8 5.6 10.5 0.57 08.11.2020 80.6 38.6 6 10.2 0.59 11.11.2020 79.3 37.4 6.6 10.2 0.67 15.11.2020 78 37.4 5.5 9.4 0.57 18.11.2020 80.2 36.8 6.7 11.3 0.56 22.11.2020 81.6 39.4 6.4 9.1 0.68 25.11.2020 81.4 35.6 5.8 9.4 0.7 01.12.2020 80.3 38.6 7.1 9.2 0.59 04.12.2020 80.8 38.3 6.1 10.4 0.6 08.12.2020 80.1 39.3 6.4 10.1 0.59 11.12.2020 80.4 38.1 6.7 10.6 0.63 15.12.2020 79.8 37.1 5.2 10.8 0.64 18.12.2020 81.5 37.8 6.1 11.2 0.57 22.12.2020 81.4 39.1 7.1 9.4 0.7 25.12.2020 81.7 35.2 6.2 10.3 0.77 AAQ-7 01.10.2020 86.2 43.4 7.4 12.9 0.55 04.10.2020 86.4 43.2 5.4 11.2 0.67 08.10.2020 86.2 42.5 6.9 11.7 0.55 11.10.2020 87.2 44.6 6.6 11.4 0.79 15.10.2020 86.5 42.5 6.2 10.6 0.62 18.10.2020 86.5 41.2 6.9 12.2 0.58 22.10.2020 84.9 39.6 7.2 13.4 0.6 25.10.2020 86.3 41.5 6.7 12.6 0.74 01.11.2020 86.3 43.4 7.6 14.2 0.59 04.11.2020 86.5 43.2 5.4 11.2 0.74 08.11.2020 86.2 42.5 6.8 11.6 0.67 11.11.2020 87.3 44.6 6.2 11.4 0.69 15.11.2020 86.4 42.5 6.9 10.6 0.64
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18.11.2020 86.5 43.2 6.9 12.2 0.58 22.11.2020 84.9 40.6 7.2 13.4 0.78 25.11.2020 86.3 41.5 6.7 12.2 0.78 01.12.2020 86.6 42.1 7.5 12.6 0.51 04.12.2020 85.6 43.5 5.8 11.4 0.56 08.12.2020 86.7 42.4 6.5 11.6 0.53 11.12.2020 87.5 43.6 7.2 11.5 0.67 15.12.2020 87.8 42.1 6.4 11.6 0.69 18.12.2020 86.9 41.2 6.9 12.6 0.58 22.12.2020 84.2 40.1 7.6 13.6 0.57 25.12.2020 86.7 42 6.1 11.2 0.61 AAQ-8 01.10.2020 74.2 39.8 7.4 10.9 0.66 04.10.2020 74.6 41.3 7.8 11.5 0.73 08.10.2020 75.8 41.7 8.6 11.7 0.68 11.10.2020 73.8 42.1 8.2 12.1 0.64 15.10.2020 74.3 40.1 6.6 10.2 0.54 18.10.2020 77.8 42.6 6.2 11.9 0.61 22.10.2020 75.1 42.6 6.2 11.4 0.53 25.10.2020 76.4 41.5 7.8 12.6 0.58 01.11.2020 74.2 39.8 7.4 11.5 0.52 04.11.2020 74.5 41.1 7.8 11.5 0.68 08.11.2020 75.8 41.7 8.6 12.3 0.71 11.11.2020 73.3 42.8 8.2 12.1 0.58 15.11.2020 73 40.4 6.2 10.2 0.54 18.11.2020 77.8 42.1 6.2 11.5 0.65 22.11.2020 74.5 41.6 6.2 11.4 0.69 25.11.2020 76.4 41.5 7.8 11.9 0.7 01.12.2020 74.6 40.2 7.6 10.5 0.52 04.12.2020 75.8 42.2 7.4 11.5 0.67 08.12.2020 75.2 42.1 7.9 11.3 0.57 11.12.2020 73.2 43.6 8.8 12.6 0.74 15.12.2020 73.6 41.4 6.8 11.2 0.59 18.12.2020 77.7 43.1 6.3 10.5 0.7 22.12.2020 75.3 41.5 6.7 11.4 0.66 25.12.2020 75.4 42.7 6.9 11.7 0.56
3.5.4.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Graphs Based on the statistical analysis, graphical representation has been performed in the following figures for all the parameters at each location. All the measured parameters were found below the standards prescribed by CPCB, New Delhi.
The following are the parameters that were measured for the cluster –
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1. Suspended Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 Min Max 98th Percentile Min NAAQS
Fig. 3.12 – Baseline Scenario of PM 2.5
Suspended particulate matter in general terms is the particulate matter is suspension in ambient air. PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm. These are usually called fine particles and contain secondary aerosols, combustion particles and re-condensed organic metallic vapour, and acid components. Fine particles can reach all the way down to the alveoli in the lungs. The minimum and maximum level of PM2.5 recorded within the study area was in the range of 33.2 and 46.2 µg/m3 respectively with the 98th percentile ranging between 37.8 µg/m3 to 46.2 µg/m3. The 24-hourly average values of PM2.5 were compared with the NAAQS and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the applicable limits i.e., 60 µg/m3 for PM2.5 in rural areas.
2. Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) PM10 refers to particles with a diameter less than 10 microns. These are commonly called coarse particles and they contain dust from roads and industries as well as particles formed under combustion. Depending on their size, coarse particles can lodge in the trachea (upper throat) or in the bronchi. The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of 72.5 and 88.6 µg/m3 respectively with the 98th percentile ranging between 77.8 µg/m3 to 88.6 µg/m3. The 24-hourly average values of PM10 were compared with the NAAQS and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the applicable limits i.e., 100 µg/m3 for PM10 in rural areas.
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120
100
80
60
40
20
0 AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 Min Max 98th Percentile NAAQS
Fig. 3.13 – Baseline Scenario of PM10
3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 Min Max 98th Percentile NAAQS
Fig. 3.14 – Baseline Scenario of SO2
Sulphur Dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulphur Dioxide emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion of any fuel containing Sulphur takes place. The Sulphur in the fuel will combine with oxygen to form Sulphur Dioxide. Sulphur Dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity; Sulphur Dioxide is capable of causing illness and lung injury. Further it can combine with water in the air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and the leaves of plants. Sulphur Dioxide is an
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to Sulphur Dioxide causes breathing related diseases as it affects the lungs. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 5.2 and 9.2 µg/m3 respectively with the 98th percentile ranging between 7.1 µg/m3 to 9.0 µg/m3. The 24-hourly average values of SO2 were compared with the NAAQS and it was found that all 3 sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m for rural areas.
4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 Min Max 98th Percentile NAAQS
Fig. 3.15 – Baseline Scenario of NO2
The important sources of oxides of Nitrogen are from utilities and auto exhaust due to vehicular movement in proposed cluster. Oxides of Nitrogen in the presence of sunlight will undergo reactions with a number of organic compounds to produce all the effects associated with photochemical smog. NO2 has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by themselves like toxicity. It causes asphyxiation when its concentration is great enough to reduce the normal oxygen supply from the air. The minimum and maximum level of NO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 7.2 and 14.2 µg/m3 respectively with the 98th percentile ranging between 11.3 µg/m3 to 13.9 µg/m3. The 24-hourly average values of NO2 were compared with the NAAQS and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/ m3 for rural areas.
5. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is slightly dense than air. It is toxic to haemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone. The minimum and maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of 0.51 and 0.79 µg/m3 respectively with the 98th percentile ranging between 0.74 µg/m3 to 0.79 µg/m3. The 1 hourly average values of CO were compared with the NAAQS and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 4000 µg/ m3 for rural areas.
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4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 AAQ-7 AAQ-8 Min Max 98th Percentile NAAQS
Fig. 3.16 – Baseline Scenario of CO
3.5.5 Mineralogical Composition of PM10 Filter paper of PM10 sampler was used to mineralogical study from cluster. Watman filter paper was used for mineralogical composition as per EPA method. Composition of PM10 along with free silica presented in the table below –
Table 3.12 – Mineralogical Composition of PM10 S. Quantity at Project Site Element No. (μg/m3) 1 Ca 1.14 2 Mg 0.21 3 Na 0.26 4 K 0.31 5 Cl 1.2 6 Pb 0.02 7 Fe 0.33 8 Silica 0.12
3.6 Noise Environment Baseline noise quality monitoring was carried out with calibrated Vayubodhan instrument as per CPCB procedure. Sound was measured in dB(A) at all the receptors. 24 hourly noise monitoring was conducted at all locations and divided in two parts. One is day time from 6 am to 10 pm and night time from 10 pm to 6 am as per CPCB guidelines to compare the baseline from the prescribed standards. Sound, a normal feature of our life, is the means of communication and entertainment in most animals, including human beings. It is also a very effective alarm system. A low sound is pleasant whereas a loud sound is unpleasant and is commonly referred to as ‘noise’. Noise can be defined as an unpleasant and unwanted sound. Noise is a physical form of pollution and is not directly harmful to the life sup-porting systems namely air, soil and water. Its effects are more directly on the receiver i.e. man. Noise pollution is the result of modern industrialized urban life and congestion due to over population.
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3.6.1 Types of Sound Fields Based on the distance from the source of sound generation, the types of sound field are identified. They are of three types are as follows –
1. Free Field The sound waves that propagate without obstruction from source to the receiver are free field. The sound waves obey the inverse square law so that sound pressure level decreases by 6 dB (A) as the distance is doubled. Such a field is known as free field.
2. Near Field This field is located within a few wavelengths of the source and it is also influenced by the dimensions of the source. The inverse square law does not apply in this field.
3. Far Field The far field has two parts one is known as free part and the other as reverberation part. In the free part of the far field, the sound pressures level obeys the inverse square law and propagate without obstruction from source to the receiver. The reverberant part of the field exists for enclosed situation where the reflected sound waves are superimposed on the incident sound waves. If there are many reflected waves from all possible direction, a diffuse sound field exists.
The intensity of sound energy in the environment is measured in a logarithmic scale and is expressed in a decibel (dB) scale. Ordinary sound level meter measures the sound energy that reaches the microphone by converting it into electrical energy and then measures the magnitude in dB. In a sophisticated type of sound level meter, an additional circuit (filters) is provided, which modifies the received signal in such a way that it replicates the sound signal as received by the human ear and the magnitude of sound level in this scale is denoted as dB (A). The sound levels are expressed in dB (A) scale for the purpose of comparison of noise levels, which is universally accepted by the international community.
3.6.2 Noise Level in the Study Area The baseline noise levels have been monitored at 8 locations within the cluster study zone. Locations were identified for assessment of existing noise level status, keeping in view the land use pattern, industrial area, Silence Zone, residential areas in villages etc., if available within 10 km radius of the study area. The day levels have been monitored during 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM and night noise levels, during 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM. The noise monitoring stations are shown in the figure and table below –
Table 3.13 – Noise Monitoring Locations S. Location No. Sample Collected Location No.
1 NQ-1 Project Site 2 NQ-2 Nani Vavdi 3 NQ-3 Vadla 4 NQ-4 Khakhijaliya 5 NQ-5 Upleta 6 NQ-6 Morkhara 7 NQ-7 Nagalkheda 8 NQ-8 Chikhliya
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Baseline noise quality has been monitored from cluster project site. Incremental noise values have been compared with the standards prescribed by CPCB, New Delhi. Day and night noise Leq has been calculated as per standard norms.
3.6.3 Ambient Noise Standards MoEF&CC, New Delhi has notified the noise standards vide gazette notification dated 14th February 2000 for different zones under the Environment Protection Act (1986). These standards are given in the following table –
Table 3.14 – Ambient Noise Quality Standards Area Noise, Leq (dB) Category of Area Code Day Time* Night Time** A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40
Note – 1. Daytime is from 6.00 am to 10.00 pm and Night time is from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am. 2. Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicle horns, loud speakers and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones.
Fig. 3.9 – Noise Monitoring Locations
3.6.4 Noise Quality The noise data compiled on noise levels are presented below –
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Table 3.15 – Hourly Leq Noise Level in the Study Area October November December Parameter Day Result Night Result Day Result Night Result Day Result Night Result NQ-1 51.8 41.6 51.7 40.3 52.3 40.5 NQ-2 51.6 41.2 51.8 40.5 52.6 40.2 NQ-3 51.9 40.3 51.5 40.2 51.3 40.6 NQ-4 52.3 42.6 52.4 42.8 51.8 42.2 NQ-5 51.3 40.4 51.2 40.7 51.4 40.6 NQ-6 52.1 41.7 52.2 41.5 52.7 41.3 NQ-7 52.8 42.2 52.8 42.2 51.9 42.7 NQ-8 52.3 42.6 52.4 41.2 52.7 42.1
In residential area, the noise level ranges from 5102 to 52.8 dB(A) during daytime to 40.2 to 42.8 dB(A) during nighttime and 51.7 dB(A) to 52.8 dB(A) during daytime and 40.3 to 41.6 dB(A) during nighttime in industrial area.
3.7 Biological Environment Baseline biological environment has been considered for environment impact assessment study because mining of mineral in core zone may affect the important medicinal species which are vulnerable and in buffer zone may affect the flora and fauna due to mining activities and mineral transportation. There are two types of types of biological environment found in study area of the cluster. One is terrestrial flora and fauna and other is aquatic flora and fauna. Secondary data is to be collected from state forest department to know the status of any scheduled species within study area.
3.8 Biogeography and Physiography of the Study Area The proposed cluster is situated near village Upleta, Taluka Upleta and District Rajkot in the State of Gujarat.
3.8.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies The objectives of ecological study during the study period are the following – 1. To characterize the environmental components like land, water, flora and fauna; 2. To understand their present status; 3. To assess present biodiversity; 4. To understand carrying capacity of the ecosystem; 5. To identify susceptible and sensitive areas.
3.8.1.1 Sampling Methodology of Study Flora Floral status was assessed in different habitat types and project site of the study area. Quantitative data was collected using standard methods of quadrate method. Floral enumeration was done following standard sampling techniques. Random quadrates were laid in order to quantify the vegetation of the study area. Quadrate size for trees was 100 x 100 m, for shrubs it was 5 x 5 m and for herbs it was 1 x 1m. Plots of 1 x 1 m were laid within the tree quadrate at each corner to record grasses. In each of the quadrates, species and their number were recorded.
Fauna Avifauna Standard methods were followed to survey the avifauna. The point count method was followed for counting the birds. Opportunistic surveys were also carried out with respect to avifaunal checklist. Identification by calls was also made for species which were not directly encountered
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP or were hidden in the vegetation or canopy (Sridharan 1989, Bhupathy 1991, Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986).
Herpetofauna Area searches were done in the circular plots of 10 m radius to inventory all terrestrial habitats for reptiles and amphibians. Area searches consisted of turning cover objects like logs, boulders etc. (Welsh, 1987). Sampling for these species involved capturing individuals by hand or observation through binoculars and aural surveys.
Mammals Presence of mammals was documented by using both direct and indirect evidences. Opportunistic sightings were also included. Circular Plots were used to search indirect evidence i.e. animal burrows/holes, scat, pellets, feeding signs, and tracks. Photographic (colored pictorial guide) field guide were used for interviews with local residents (Burnham et al. 1980, Rodgers 1991, Sale and Berkmuller, 1988, Daniel, 1992). The data collected in the field was analyzed for secondary parameters such as density, frequency and abundance following standard phyto-sociological methods.
Core zone has been considered within the cluster area and buffer zone has been considered outside the cluster area up to 10 km from cluster boundary. Study period for ecological study has been considered from October 2020 to December 2020. To know the baseline flora and fauna species composition primary and secondary survey was conducted by functional area expert. The proposed cluster is government waste land, hence very less species were found in core zone and buffer zone study area. Mostly area outside of mine lease is agricultural land. Within study area two types of environment found where species diversity is present – 1. Terrestrial environment 2. Aquatic environment
3.8.2 Terrestrial Environment The area around the cluster mostly consists of agricultural land. As per Table 3.3 and Fig. 3.2 around 83.08% of the study area is classified as agricultural land and 2.90% as water bodies.
3.8.2.1 Core Zone Being a greenfield project, no mining has taken place in Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2. The core zone mainly consists of river bed within which mining activities will take place.
3.8.2.2 Buffer Zone There are two types of terrestrial environments found in the flora and fauna study within the buffer zone – waste land and agricultural land. The flora and fauna species found in waste land terrestrial environment are presented in the tables below –
Table 3.16 – Floral Species in Study Area S. Local Name Botanical Name Family No. Trees 1 Aduso Ailanthus exceisa Simaroubaceae 2 Agathio Sesabania grandiflora Leguminosea 3 Alan Eleodendron roxburghi Celasteraccae 4 Aladi, Al, Allori Morinda tinctoria Rubiaceae 5 Ambo Mangifera Indica Anacardiaceae 6 Ambedo, Ambadi Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae
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7 Amla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 8 Amli, Ambli Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae 9 Aniyar or Rinjado Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae 10 Aryan Hardwackia binnata Caesalpiniaceae 11 Ankal, Ankol Alangium salvifolium Alangiacoae 12 Antha Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae 13 Asitari, Asintro, Aenju Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae 14 Bakam Limbo Melia azedarach Meliaceae 15 Baval, Deshibaval Acacia nilotica Leguminosea 16 Bahedo Terminalia belkrica Combretaceae 17 Bhangro Erythrina suberosa Papilionaceae 18 Bili Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 19 Biyo Pterocarpus marsupium Papilionaceae 20 Charoli Buchanania lanzan Anacardiaceae 21 Chani bor Zizyphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 22 Dantio, Asan Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae 23 Dhaman Grewia tiliaefolia Tiliaceae 24 Dhavdo Annogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 25 Dhau Annogeissus pendula Combretaceae 26 Dheki Diospyros cordifolia Ebenaceae 27 Dudhi Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae 28 Dudhi, Kalo Kudo Wrightia tomentosa Apocynaceae 29 Ganda Baval Prosopisjiliflora Mimosaceae 30 Garmalo, Bahva Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 31 Ghatbor (Ghunt) Zizyphus xyloeyrus Rharnnaceae 32 Gol Trema orientails Ulmaceae 33 Gorad Acacia Senegal Mimosaceae 34 Gugal, Saledi Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 35 Gundi/Gundo Cordia dichotoma Ehretiaceae 36 Goras Amli Pithocolobium dulce Mimosaceae 37 Haldarvo, Hed Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae 38 Ingoria, Hingori Balanites aegyptica Balanitaceae 39 Jambu Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 40 Kadaya, Kadai Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 41 Kadvai Hymenodictyon excelsum Rubiaceae 42 Kagar, Kanti Acacia ferruginea Mimosaceae 43 Kaju Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae 44 Kakad Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 45 Kakadio, Bondaro Lagerstroemia parviflora Leguminosea 46 Kalam Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae 47 Kanaji Holoptelea integrifloria Ulmaceae 48 Karanj Pongamia pinnata Leguminosea 49 Karvali Streblus asper Moraceae 50 Kasid Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae 51 Khair Acacia chundra (catechu) Mimosaceae 52 Khakharo/Kesudo Butea monosperma Leguminosea
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53 Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris Araceae (Palmea) 54 Kothu Feronia elephantum Rutaceae 55 Kusura Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 56 Limdo, Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 57 Mahuda Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 58 Medhsingi Dolichandrone falcata Bignoniaceae 59 Mindhal Xeromphis spinosa Rubiaceae 60 Moyno Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae 61 Mokho Schrebera swietenioides Oleaceae 62 Nana Lagerstroemia lanceolata Lythraceae 63 Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Mytraceae (Mysorehy) 64 Pongaro Erythrina indica Leguminosea 65 Panisadad Terminalia peniculata Combretaceae 66 Passi, Patral/Padri Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosea 67 Pipal Ficus religiosa Urtiaceae 68 Ratanjot Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae 69 Rain tree Samanea saman Mimosaceae 70 Rayan Manilkara hexandra Sapotaceae 71 Rohan Soyamida ferbrifuga Meliaceae 72 Sadad Terminalia crenulata Combretaceae 73 Sag Techona grandis Verbenaceae 74 Sargavo Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 75 Sarasdo, Dholi Siras Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae 76 Shamela Gugal Gardenia turgida Rubiaceae 77 Shisham Dalbergia latifolia Leguminosea 78 Shivan/Seven Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae 79 Simal, Semdo Bombax cieba Bombacaceae 80 Siras Albizzia lebbeck Mimosaceae 81 Sissoo Dalbergia Sissoo Leguminosea 82 Sitafal Annona squamosa Annonaceae 83 Sukhad Santalum album Santalaceae 84 Tad Borassus flabellifer Palmae 85 Tanach Ougeinia oojeinensis Leguminosea 86 Timru Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae 87 Umberdo Ficus racemosa Moraceae 88 Umbh Millusa tomentosa Annonaceae 89 Vad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 90 Roydo or Ragat roydo Tecomelle undulata Bignoniaceae 91 Zenju Asitri Bauhinia Tomentosa Caesalpiniaceae 92 Sanderso Delonix elata Caesalpiniaceae 93 Vayvamo Crateva nurvala Cappraceae 94 Androk Annogeissus sericea Combretaceae 95 Makrod Diospyros montana Ebenaceae 96 Ligr gundi Cordia gharaf Ehretiaceae 97 Ran gundi Cordia perrotteii Ehretiaceae 98 - Ehretia laevis Ehretiaceae
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99 Desi Katedi, Yenkdi Flaucortia indica Flacourtiaceae Climber 1 Amarvel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 2 Asan or Coculus hirsutus Menispremaceae 3 Vavdi Dioscoria oppositifolia Diascoriaceae 4 Chairo Abrus precatorius Lenguminoeae 5 Chanothi Acacia intsia Lenguminoeae 6 Chilar, Ganji Caesalpinia sepiaria Lenguminoeae 7 Chilari Dodi Dragea volubilis Asclopiadaceae 8 Fangvel, Fang Rivea hypocrateriformis Convolvulaceae 9 Galo Rinespora cordifolia Menispremaceae 10 Karamdi Carissa conjesta Apocynaceae 11 Kharo Cressa cretica Covolculaceae 12 Dharm Celastrus paniculata Celastraceae 13 Malkakani Combretum ovalifolium Combretaceae 14 Mati Khakhi Baemia extensa Asclopiadaceae 15 Versha Dodi 16 - Aristolochia bracheata Aristolochiaceae 17 - Ceropegia bulbosa Asclopiadaceae 18 - Ceropegia odorata Asclopiadaceae 19 - Dregi volubills Asclopiadaceae 20 Dodi Leptadenia reticulata Asclopiadaceae 21 - Oxystelma scandensce Asclopiadaceae 22 - Pergularia deamia Asclopiadaceae 23 Chip Sarcostemma acidum Asclopiadaceae 24 - Telosma pallida Asclopiadaceae 25 Kokas, kakaras Ceasalpinia crista Caesalpiniaceae 26 - Caesalpinia decapetata Caesalpiniaceae 27 Avdi-havdi Argyria nervosa Convolvulaceae 28 Pesi, Peha, Fesi Ipomoea cairica Convolvulaceae 29 - Ipomoea eriocarpa Convolvulaceae 30 Naffatvel Ipomoea fistulosa Convolvulaceae 31 Nagkarni Ipomoea nin Convolvulaceae 32 Bhameri Ipomoea obscura Convolvulaceae 33 - Ipomoea pes-tigridis Convolvulaceae 34 - Ipomoea sindica Convolvulaceae 35 - Merremia tridentata Convolvulaceae 36 - Citrullus grandis Cucurbitaceae 37 Kadava giloda Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae 38 Aankhfutamani Ctenolepis garcini Cucurbitaceae 39 Kadvu kothimadu Cucumis callosus Cucurbitaceae 40 - Luffa cylimdrica Cucurbitaceae 41 Patoda Momardica balsamina Cucurbitaceae 42 Kareli Momardica charantia Cucurbitaceae 43 - Mukia maderaspatana Cucurbitaceae
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44 - Trichosanthes cucumarina Cucurbitaceae 45 Antasvel, Antarvel Cuscuta chinensis Cuscutaceae 46 - Dioscoria wallichi Dioscoriaceae 47 - Dalechampia scandens Euphorbiaceae 48 Shatavari Asparagis racemosus Liliaceae 49 Jagdayu Gloriosa superba Liliaceae 50 Kadvifanj Cissampelos pareira Menispremaceae 51 Vev, Asan, Vavdi Cocculus hirsutus Menispremaceae 52 Galo Tinospora cordifolia Menispremaceae Grasses 1 Baru Sorghum halepense Gramineae 2 Bhatadi Themeda quardrivalvis Gramineae 3 Bhangoru (Karedi) Apluda mutica Gramineae 4 Daro or Dub Cynodon dactylon Gramineae 5 Dhaman Cenchrus ciliaris Gramineae 6 Dharamnu Cenchrus setigerus Gramineae 7 Dhundu Ghas Arundinella pumila Gramineae 8 Gandharu Cymbopogon Gramineae 9 Kakudu, Katusala Saccharum spontaneum Gramineae 10 Khariu Dinebra retroflexa Gramineae 11 Khasi Aristida hystrix Gramineae 12 Kunchi (Pajala) Setaria glauca Gramineae 13 Lapdu Aristida adscensionis Gramineae 14 Mosi Iseilema laxum Gramineae 15 Pusha Cymbopogon citratus Gramineae 16 Bhatdu Themeda cymbaria Gramineae 17 Rosha Cymbopogon martinii Gramineae 18 Sukhli Heteropogon contortus Gramineae 19 Zinzvo Dichanthium annulatum Gramineae Shrubs and Herbs 1 Ardusi Adhatoda vasica Acanmaceae 2 Aghado Achyranthes aspera Amarantaceae 3 Akdo Moto Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae 4 Aval or Avar Cassia auriclata Caesalpiniaceae 5 Dano Lantana camara Verbanaceae 6 Dhaturo (Dholo) Datura metel Solanaceae 7 Gokhru, Gadar Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae 8 Kanthar Capparis sepiaria Cappraceae 9 Kanksi Abutilon indicum Malvaceae 10 Kerdo Capparis sepiaria Cappraceae 11 Karoi, Karvi Carvia callosa Acanthaceae 12 Karo Pinjaro Cadaba fruticosa Capparidaceae Cappraceae 13 Kede, Kudi Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae 14 Kini-kherdi Dichrostachys cinerea Leguminosae
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15 Luni Suaeda monoica Chenpodiaceae 16 Mindhal Xeromphis spinosa Rubiaceae 17 Maradasing Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae 18 Nagad Vitex negundo Verbanaceae 19 Parijat Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleaceae 20 Puvad Cassia tora Leguminosae 21 Thor Euphorbia neriifolia Euphorbiaceae 22 Vico, Vigo, Vikro Maytenus emarginata Cebastraceae 23 Yenkdi Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 24 Zil Indigofera oblongifolia Leguminosae 25 Andhandi Andrographis echioides Acanthaceae 26 Chali Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 27 Pura Blepharis linariaefolia Acanthaceae 28 - Dicliptera verticillata Acanthaceae 29 - Elytraria acaulis Acanthaceae 30 - Eranthemum roseum Acanthaceae 31 - Justicia diffusa wild Acanthaceae 32 - Jisticia simpex don Acanthaceae 33 - Lepidagathis cristata wild Acanthaceae 34 - Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus Acanthaceae 35 Angari, Bodiandhedi Peristrophe bicalyculata Acanthaceae 36 - Petalidium barleriodes Acanthaceae 37 Fatakadi Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae 38 Ramban Agave americana Acanthaceae 39 - Aerva javanica Amarantaceae 40 - Aerva laneta Amarantaceae 41 - Aerva sanguinolenta Amarantaceae 42 Dhemara Amaranthus spinosus Amarantaceae 43 - Amaranthus viridis Amarantaceae 44 - Celosia argentea Amarantaceae 45 Lambdi Digera muricata Amarantaceae 46 Jipto Pupalia lappaceae Amarantaceae 47 - Gophrena celosioides Amarantaceae 48 - Carrisa spiranum wight Apocynaceae 49 - Catharanthus pusillus Apocynaceae 50 - Amorpho phallus commutatus Araceae 51 Tholu Acanthospermum hispeidum Asteraceae 52 - Artemisia parviflora Asteraceae 53 - Bidems bippinata Asteraceae 54 - Echinoph echinapus Asteraceae 55 Jalbhangro Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae 56 - Emilia sonchifolia Asteraceae 57 - Gnaphalium indicum Asteraceae 58 - Gnaphalium pulvinatum Asteraceae 59 Ganjibi Launeae procumbens Asteraceae 60 Kongresjhas Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae
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61 - Pulicaria angustifolia Asteraceae 62 - Pulicaria crispa Asteraceae 63 - Pulicaria wightiana Asteraceae 64 - Siegesbeckia orientails Asteraceae 65 - Sonchus asper Asteraceae 66 Pardesi Bhangro Tridax procumbens Asteraceae 67 Kalhad Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae 68 - Impatiens balsamina Balsaminaceae 69 - Coldenia procumbens Boraginaceae 70 - Heliotropium calcerium Boraginaceae 71 - Heliotropium ovalifolium Boraginaceae 72 - Heliotropium subulatum Boraginaceae 73 - Heliotropium supium Boraginaceae 74 - Trichodsma indica Boraginaceae 75 Undhafuli Trichodsma jdylancuim Boraginaceae 76 Google Commiphora wightii Caesalpiniaceae 77 - Cassia absus Caesalpiniaceae 78 Aval or Avar Cassia auriclata Caesalpiniaceae 79 Medhi Aval Cassia italica Caesalpiniaceae 80 Kasundro Cassia occidnetalis Caesalpiniaceae 81 - Cassia pumila Caesalpiniaceae 82 - Cassia sophera Caesalpiniaceae 83 Puvad Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae 84 Kantadi kanthar Capparis spinosa Cappraceae 85 Aadiya kartan Cleome gynandre Cappraceae 86 Talvani Cleome viscosa Cappraceae 87 - Maerua oblongifolia Cappraceae 88 - Polycarpea corymbosa Caryophyllaceae 89 - Chenopodium album Chenpodiaceae 90 Shishmuliya Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae 91 Nanu Shishmuliyu Commelina eracta Commelinaceae 92 Shishmuliya Commelina forskalaei Commelinaceae 93 Motu Shishmuliyu Commelina hasskarlii Commelinaceae 94 - Cyanotis cristata Commelinaceae 95 - Murdania latiflora Commelinaceae 96 - Murdania nudiflora Commelinaceae 97 - Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulaceae 98 - Convolvulus microphyllus Convolvulaceae 99 Shankhavali Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae 100 - Bulbostylis densa Cyperaceae 101 - Cyperus artyculatus Cyperaceae 102 - Cyperus diffomis Cyperaceae 103 - Cyperus nutans Cyperaceae 104 - Cyperus nutansvarnutans Cyperaceae 105 - Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 106 - Eleocharis atropurpurea Cyperaceae
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107 - Fibristylis cymosa Cyperaceae 108 - Scirpus lateriflorus Cyperaceae 109 - Acalypha ciliata Euphorbiaceae 110 - Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae 111 - Croton bonplanbianum Euphorbiaceae 112 Dudhi Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae 113 Thor Euphorbia linearifolia Euphorbiaceae 114 - Euphorbia orbiculata Euphorbiaceae 115 Kamboe Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae 116 Bokanu Kirganelia reticulata Euphorbiaceae 117 - Phyllanthus fraternus Euphorbiaceae 118 - Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Euphorbiaceae 119 - Securinega leucopyrus Euphorbiaceae 120 - Securinega virosa Euphorbiaceae 121 - Enicostema hyssopifolum Gentianaceae 122 - Nymphoides parvifolum Gentianaceae 123 - Monsonia seneglensis Gentianaceae 124 - Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae 125 - Nechamandra alternifolia Hydrocharitaceae 126 - Vallisneria spiralis Hydrocharitaceae 127 Muhdi Curculigo orchioldis Hypoxidaceae 128 - Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 129 - Lavandula bipinnata Lamiaceae 130 Kubo Leucus aspera Lamiaceae 131 Kubo Leucus longifolia Lamiaceae 132 Aavachi Bavachi Ocimum camum Lamiaceae 133 Bapsi (Moti Tulsi) Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae 134 Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae 135 Junbli Dungli Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae 136 Muhdi (Musli) Chlorophytum borivilianum Liliaceae 137 Muhdi (Musli) Chlorophytum tuberosum Liliaceae 138 Junbli Dungli Urginea indica Liliaceae 139 Zdgoro Dendrophtoe falcata Loranthaceae 140 Jalbhangro Ammania baccifera Lythraceae 141 - Ammania multiflora Malvaceae 142 - Woodforbia fruticosa Malvaceae 143 - Abutilon fruticosum Malvaceae 144 Ubhi Kanski Abutilon indicum Malvaceae 145 - Abutilon poliandrum Malvaceae 146 - Abutilon ramosum Malvaceae 147 - Abutilon theophrasti Malvaceae 148 - Hibisceus furcatus Malvaceae 149 - Hibisceus ovallifolius Malvaceae 150 Soti Hibiseus vitifolius Malvaceae 151 Ladvo Pavonia odorata Malvaceae 152 Ladvo Povonia zeylanica Malvaceae
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153 - Sida acuta Malvaceae 154 Bod Sida alba Malvaceae 155 - Sida cordata Malvaceae 156 Vichhudo Martybia annua Martyniaceae
Table 3.17 – Faunal Species in Study Area S. Local Name Zoological Name No. Mammals 1 Leopard Panthera pardus 2 Jungle cat Felis chaus 3 Jackal Canis aurenus 4 Hyena Hyaena hyaena 5 Wild boar Sus scrofa 6 Hare Lepus ruficaudatus 7 Porcupine Hystrix Indica 8 Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus 9 Monkey Presbytes entellus 10 Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi 11 Squirrel Sciurus palmarun 12 Common Fox Vulpes bengalensis 13 Hedge hog Hemiechinus auritus Reptiles 1 Slender blind snake Typhlops acutus 2 Commo blind Snake Typhlops porrectus 3 Indian Python Python molurus 4 Commo Sandboa Eryx conicus 5 John’s Earth boa Eryx Johnii 6 Common Wolf Snake Lycondon aulicus Common-Oligodon arnesis Streaked Oligodon 7 Kukri Snake Aaeniolatus 8 Green Keel Back Mascropisthodon plumbicolor 9 Trinket snake Elaphe holena 10 Rat Snake Coluber mucosus 11 Common cat Snake Bioga trigonota 12 Dag faced water Snake Cerberus rhynchops 13 Common Indian Krait Bungaras caeruleus 14 RussePs Viper Viper russelli 15 Saw scale Viper Echis carinthus 16 Spectacled Cobra Najanaja 17 Sea snake Hydrophis sp 18 Sea Snake Enhydrina sp 19 Gardern Lizard Calotes versicolor 20 Snake Lizard Ophisops microiepis 21 Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis
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22 Dag faced water Snake Cerberus rhynchops Avifaunal 1 Avoeet Recurvirostra avosetta 2 Avadavat Amandava formosa 3 Babbler, Common Turdoides caudatus 4 Babbler, Grey Turdoides malcolmi 5 Babbler, White throated Turdoides affinis 6 Babbler, Jungle Turdoides striatus 7 Barbet, Coppersmith Megalaima haemacephala 8 Barbet, Large green Megalaima zeylanica 9 Bee eater, Blue cheecked Merops persicus 10 Bee eater, Green Merops orientalis 11 Bee eater, bluetailed Merops philippinus 12 Bitterns, Black Dupertor flavicollis 13 Bitterns, Yellow Ixobrychus sinensis 14 Bulbul Red vented Pycnonotus cafer 15 Bulbul, White eared Pycnonotus leucotis 16 Bulbul, White browed Pycnonotus luteolus 17 Bunting…Crested Melophus lathami 18 Chat, Brown Rock Cercomela fusca 19 Chat, Collared bush Saxicola torquata 20 Chat, Pied bush Saxicola caprata 21 Coppersmith Megalaima haemacephala 22 Cormorant, Large Phalacrocorax carbo 23 Cormorant, Little Phalacrocorax niger 24 Coucal Centropus sinensis 25 Coot Fulica atra 26 Crake, Brown Amaurornis akool 27 Crane, Common Grus grus 28 Crane, Demoiselle Grus virgo 29 Crane, Sarus Grus antigone 30 Crow, Indian house Corvus splendens 31 Crow, Jungle Corvus macrorhychos 32 Cuckoo, Common hawk Hierococcyx, varius 33 Cuckoo, Pied crested Clamator Jacob inus 34 Cuckoo, Sirkeer Phaenicophaeus leschenaultii 35 Cuckoo-Shrike, Blackheaded Coracina melanoptera 36 Cuckoo, Large Coracina macei 37 Curlew Numenius arquata 38 Curlew, Great Stone Burhinus oedicnemus 39 Dove, Indian red turtle Streptopelia tranquebarica 40 Darter, Snake-Bird Anhinga rufa 41 Dove, Spotted Streptopelia chinensis 42 Dove, Indian ring Streptopelia decaocto 43 Dove, Little Brown Streptopelia senegalensis
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44 Drongo, Black Dicrurus macrocercus 45 Drongo, Grey or ashy Dicrurus leucophaeus 46 Drongo, White bellied Dicrurus caerulescens 47 Duck, Brehminy Tadorna ferruginea 48 Duck, Spotbill or Gey Anas poecilorhyncha 49 Duck, Comb Sarkidiornis melanotos 50 Eagle, Indian Serpent Spilornis cheela 51 Eagle, fishing Haliaeetus Leucoryphus 52 Eagle, Grey headed fishing Lchthyophaga ichtyaetus 53 Eagle, Short toed Circaetus gallicus 54 Egret, Cattle Bubulcus ibis 55 Egret, Eastern large Ardea alba 56 Egret, Indian smaller Egretta intermedia 57 Egret, Little Egratta garzetta 58 Flarningo, Greater Phoenicopterus ruber 59 Flarningo, Lesser Phoenicopterus rninor 60 Fowl, Common Pea Pavo cristatus 61 Flycatcher, Whitespotted Rhipidura albicollis 62 Flycatcher, Rrd Breasted Muscicapa parva 63 Flycatcher, White browed Motacilla maderaspatensis 64 Flycatcher, White throated Sylvia curruca 65 Gadwall Anas strepera 66 Godwit, Bartailed Limosa lapponica 67 Godwit, Blacktailed Limosa limosa 68 Goose, Eastern grey leg Anser anser 69 Goose, Bra headed Anser indicus 70 Grebe, Little Tachybaptus ruficollis 71 Harner, Marsh Circus aeruginosus 72 Hawk, Besara sparrow Accipiter virgatus 73 Hen, Indian moor Gallinula chloropus 74 Hen, Purple moor Porphyrio porphyrio 75 Hen, White breasted water Amaurornis phoenicurus 76 Heron, Grey Ardea cinerea 77 Heron, Indian little green Butorides striatus 78 Heron, Night Gorsachius melanolophus 79 Heron, Indian pond Ardeola grayii 80 Heron, Purple Ardea purpurea 81 Heron, Indian reef Egretta gularis 82 Hoopoe Upupa epops 83 lbis, Black Pseudibis papillosa 84 lbis, Glossy Pseudibis falcinellus 85 lbis, White Threskiprnis aethiopica 86 lora, Common Aegithina tiphia 87 Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis 88 Jacana, Bronze winged Metopidius indicus
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89 Jacana, Pheasant tailed Hydrophasianus chirurgus 90 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 91 Kingfisher, Common alcedo atthis 92 kingfisher, Indian pied Cerylerudis 93 Kingfisher, White Breasted Halcyon smyrnenensis 94 Kite, Black winged Elanus caeruleus 95 Kite, Common pariah Milvus migrans 96 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 97 Lapwing, Red watted Vanellus indicus 98 Lapwing, Yellow wattled vanellus malabaricus 99 Lark, Red winged bush Mirafra erythroptera 100 Lark,S ykes crested Galerida deva 101 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 102 Martin, House Delichon dasypus 103 Martin, Dusky craig Hirundo concolor 104 Minivet, Small Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 105 Munia, Spotted Lonchura punctulata 106 Myna, Bank Acridotheres ginginianus 107 Myna, Brahmini Sturnus pagodarum 108 Myan, Common Acridotheres tristis 109 Nightjar, Franklin, s Caprimulgus affinis 110 Nightjar, Indian jungle Caprimulgus indicus 111 Oriole, Golden Oriolus oriolus 112 Osprey pandion haliaetus 113 Owl, Barm Tyto alba 114 Owl, Greathomed Bubo bubo 115 Owlet, Spotted Athene brama 116 Parakeet Indian Rose ringed Psittacula krameri 117 Partridge, Painted Francolinus pictus 118 Partridge, Grey Francolinus pondicerianus 119 Pastor, Rosy Sturnus roseu 120 Pelican, Grey Pelecanus philippensis 121 Pelican, White Pelecanus onocrotalus 122 Pigeon, Blue rock Columba livia 123 Pintail Anas acuta 124 Pochard, Red crested Rhodonessa rufma 125 Pochard, Tufted Aythya fuligula 126 Pochard, White eyed Aythya nyroca 127 Collared Pratinocle Glareolapratincola 128 Quail, Jungle bush Perdicula asiatica 129 Quail, Indian button Turnix tanki 130 Quail, Small button Turnix sylvatica 131 Robin, Indian Saxicolodies fulicata 132 Robin, Indian magpie Copsychus saularis 133 Roller, Indian Coracias benghalensis
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134 Roller, Kashmir Coracias garrulus 135 Sandgrouse, Painted Pterocles indicus 136 Sandpiper, Common Tringa hypoleucos 137 Sandpiper, Green Tringa ochropus 138 Sandpiper, WOOD Tringa glareola 139 Shikra Accipiter badius 140 Shoveller Anas clypeata 141 Shrike, Bay backed Lanius vittatus 142 Shrike, Indian grey Lanius excubitor 143 Shrike, Rufous backed Lanius isabellinus 144 Snipe, Common Gallinago gallinago 145 Snipe, Pintail Gallinago stenura 146 Spoonbill, Indian Platalea leucorodia 147 Red start, Black Phoenicurus ochruros 148 Stilt, Black wing Himantopus himantopus 149 Stint, Little Caiidris minuta 150 Stint, Temminck s Caiidris temminckii 151 Stork, Open bill Anastomus oscitans 152 Stork, Painted Mycteria leucocephala 153 Sun-bird, Purple Nectarinia sperata 154 Swift, Alpine Apus melba 155 Swift, Indian house Apus affinis 156 Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius 157 Teal, Common Anas formosa 158 Teal, Cotton Nettapus coromandelianus 159 Teal, Common whistling Dendrocygna j avanica 160 Teal, Garganey Anas querquedula 161 Teal, marbled Marmaronetta angustirostris 162 Tern, Indianwhiskered Chiidonias hybridus 163 Tern, Indian River Sterna aurantia 164 Tree Pie Denrocitta vagabunda 165 Vulture,White Scavenger Neophron percnopterus 166 Vulture, White backed Gyps bengalensis 167 Wagtail, Yellow headed Motacilla Flava 168 Wagtail, Grey Motacilla cinerea 169 Wagtail, Large pied Motacilla maderaspatensis 170 Weaver, Baya Ploceus phillippinus 171 Wigeon Anas penelope
3.9 Socio-Economic Environment Socio Economic is a study to identify, evaluate and determine the potential of socio economics and cultural impacts of a proposed development project on the lives of current or future residents of a community or geographic area. Socio economics study includes the demographic structure of the study area, social group present, livelihood profile of the community, literacy & illiteracy structure, occupational structure including total worker, main worker, marginal worker and non- worker, basic amenities like education facilities, medical facilities etc.
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The various attributes that have been taken into account are population composition, employment generation, occupational shift, household income, consumption pattern, ethnic issue and law & order problem.
3.9.1 Objectives The objectives of the socio-economic study are as follows – 1. To study the socio-economic status of the people living in the study area of the proposed project. 2. To assess the impact of the project on socio-economic environment in the study area. 3. To assess the impact of the project on quality of life of the people in the study area. 4. To evaluate the community development measures proposed to be taken up by the project proponent, if any. 5. To recommend Community Development measures needs to be taken up in the study area.
3.9.2 Methodology Adopted for The Study The study has been conducted based on secondary data. The secondary data has been collected from the administrative records of the Government of Gujarat, Census 2011. The primary data is collected through a sample survey of selected villages & town present in the study area. The details regarding population composition, number of literates, workers etc. have been collected from secondary sources and analyzed. Also, village /city/town wise details regarding amenities available in the study area have been collected from secondary sources. Based on the above data, impacts due to mining operation on the community have been assessed and recommendations for improvement have been made.
3.9.3 Concepts & Definition (a) Cluster Study Area: “Study Area”, also known as “Impact Area” has been defined as the sum total of “Core Area and Buffer Area” within a radius of 10 km from the periphery of the Core Area. The cluster study area includes all the land marks both natural and manmade, falling therein. (b) Household: A group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen are called a household. Persons living in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. (c) Sex Ratio: “Sex Ratio” is the ratio of Females to Males in a given population. It is expressed as 'number of Females per 1000 Males’. (d) Literates: All persons aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language are taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who are blind but can read in Braille are also treated as literates. (e) Literacy Rate: “Literacy Rate” of population is defined as the percentage of literates to the total population aged 7 years and above. (f) Labor Force: “Labor Force” is the number of people employed and unemployed in a geographical entity. The size of the “Labor Force” is the sum total of persons employed and unemployed. An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively seeking work. (g) Work: “Work” is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit, it can part time, full time, or unpaid work in a farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work.
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(h)Worker: All persons engaged in 'work' are defined as “workers”. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. (i) Work participation rate: the percentage of total workers (main and marginal) to total population. • Main Workers: Those workers, who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more in the case of a year), are termed as “Main Workers”. • Marginal Workers: Those workers, who did not work for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months), are termed as “Marginal Workers”.
3.9.4 Description of the study area Core Zone: There is no human settlement in the core zone of the cluster. Buffer Zone: Area within 10 km radius from the “Cluster” is considered as the “Study Area”. For the proposed project having an area of 4 Ha near village Upleta, the study area is spread over 25 villages in one district namely Rajkot in the state of Gujarat. The list of villages along with the sub-district and total geographical area of the Cluster Study Area is presented in the following tables –
Table 3.18 – Details of the State Gujarat District Rajkot and Study Area Details of S. Details of Study Area Particular State No. District Rajkot Details Gujarat 1 Area (km2) 1,96,244 11,198 288.73 2 No. of households 1,21,93,328 783,610 25,353 3 Total Population 6,04,39,692 38,04,558 1,15,463 4 Male Population 3,14,91,260 19,74,445 59,472 5 Female Population 2,89,48,432 18,30,113 55,991 6 Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males) 919 927 941 7 Schedule Caste Population 40,74,447 2,90,169 13,341 8 Schedule Tribe Population 89,17,174 24,017 500 9 Literate Population 4,10,93,358 27,25,056 83,468 10 Male Literates 2,34,74,873 15,14,075 46,044 11 Female Literates 1,76,18,485 12,10,981 37,424
Table 3.19 – Total Geographical Area of the Cluster Study Area S. No. Village Name Sub District Name Total Geographical Area (Ha) 1 Gadhala Jasdan 898.11 2 Khakhi Jalia Upleta 1655.46 3 Moti Vavdi Dhoraji 1482.42 4 Zanzmer Dhoraji 2245.32 5 Nani Vavdi Dhoraji 993.65 6 Vadla Vanthali 457.69 7 Murakhada Upleta 228.73 8 Upleta (M) Upleta 0.50 9 Dumiyani Upleta 1086.6 10 Supedi Dhoraji 4032.19 11 Isra Keshod 817.35 12 Talgana Upleta 1080.53 13 Samadhiyala Upleta 962.04 14 Hadfodi Upleta 719.69 15 Chikhalia Upleta 700.57 16 Bholgamda Dhoraji 1001.16
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17 Chhadvavadar Dhoraji 1202.82 18 Bhola Dhoraji 1003.18 19 Kathrota Upleta 582.82 20 Nagalkhada Dhoraji 482.97 21 Hadmatiya Dhoraji 489.94 22 Nani Marad Dhoraji 590.01 23 Bhadajaliya Dhoraji 898.22 24 Moti Marad Dhoraji 4296.17 25 Pipaliya Dhoraji 965.18 Total 28873.33 (Source: As per Census Data, 2011)
Demographic Profile of the Cluster study area based on 2011 Census data The proposed cluster covers 25 villages in Rajkot district in Gujarat state. A study has been undertaken with respect to demography, occupational pattern, literacy rate and other important socio-economic indicators of these villages to reveal the socio-economic structure of the entire cluster area.
The salient features of the cluster study area include – 1. Total population of study area is 1,15,463. The percentages of male & female population are 51.51 % & 48.49 % respectively 2. Total household in the study area are 25,353 3. Total number of literates in the study area is 83,468 4. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) of the study area is 941 which shows that male population is higher in the study area as compared with the female population. 5. Out of the total population SC population in the study area is 13,341 and ST population is 500.
3.9.5 Population of the Cluster Study Area Total population of study area is 1,15,463. The percentages of male & female population are 51.51% & 48.49% respectively. Sex ratio (number of Females per thousand Male) of the study area is 941 which shows that male population is higher in the study area as compared with the female population. Breakup of the population for male and female is given in following as per census data 2011 –
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140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 Total Population Male Population Female Population
Fig. 3.10 – Demographic Structure of the Study Area
Female Population Male Population 48% 52%
Male Population Female Population
Fig. 3.11 – Gender Structure of the Study Area
3.9.6 Social Structure 1. The SC population within the study area is 13,341 (11.57%) of the total population with 6,947 (52.07%) males and 6,394 (47.93%) are females.
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16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0 Total SC Population Male SC Population Female SC Population
Fig. 3.12 – Schedule Caste Structure of The Study Area
Total SC Population 10%
Total Population 90%
Total Population Total SC Population
Fig. 3.13 – Schedule Caste Percentage of the Study Area
2. The ST population within the Study Area is 500 (0.43%) of the total population with 255 (51%) males and 245 (49%) females.
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600
500
400
300
200
100
0 Total ST Population Male ST Population Female ST Population
Fig. 3.14 – Schedule Tribe Structure of the Study Area
Female ST Male ST Population Population 49% 51%
Male ST Population Female ST Population
Fig. 3.15 – Schedule Tribe Structure of the Study Area
3.9.7 Literacy The total number of literates within the study area is approximately 83,468 which are 72.29% of total population. Male literacy rate of the study area is 46,044 (77.42%) and female literacy rate is 37,424 (66.84%).
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140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 Total Population Literate Population Literate Males Literate Females
Fig. 3.16 – Literacy Structure of the Study Area
Illiterate Population 28%
Literate Population 72%
Literate Population Illiterate Population
Fig. 3.17 – Literacy & Illiteracy Breakup of the Study Area
3.9.8 Illiteracy The total number of illiterates within the study area is approximately 31,995 which are 27.71% of total population. Male Illiteracy in the study area is 13,428 (22.58%) and female Illiteracy is 18,567 (33.16%).
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140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 Total Population Illiterate Population Illiterate Males Illiterate Females
Fig. 3.18 – Illiteracy Structure of the Study Area
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Table 3.20 – Demographic Structure of the Cluster Study Area
Population Child Population (0-6 Years) S. No. Village Name No. of Households Sex Ratio Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 Gadhala 299 1586 791 795 1005 203 105 98 2 Khakhi Jalia 942 4360 2224 2136 960 403 214 189 3 Moti Vavdi 614 2585 1328 1257 946 242 126 116 4 Zanzmer 889 3829 1983 1846 930 413 221 192 5 Nani Vavdi 369 1677 839 838 998 164 88 76 6 Vadla 204 916 457 459 1004 115 55 60 7 Murakhada 143 638 334 304 910 65 37 28 8 Upleta 12794 58775 30168 28607 948 10562 5613 4949 9 Dumiyani 538 3078 1741 1337 767 241 121 120 10 Supedi 1688 6946 3619 3327 919 625 332 293 11 Isra 457 2164 1124 1040 925 232 136 96 12 Talgana 493 2114 1100 1014 921 211 115 96 13 Samadhiyala 527 2569 1324 1245 940 272 150 122 14 Hadfodi 271 1697 869 828 952 309 151 158 15 Chikhalia 350 1519 783 736 939 172 86 86 16 Bholgamda 264 1139 571 568 994 113 52 61 17 Chhadvavadar 392 1834 949 885 932 162 88 74 18 Bhola 309 1398 716 682 952 117 64 53 19 Kathrota 395 1962 999 963 963 239 120 119 20 Nagalkhada 98 548 285 263 922 74 39 35 21 Hadmatiya 211 1017 505 512 1013 115 59 56 22 Nani Marad 199 953 492 461 936 87 60 27 23 Bhadajaliya 329 1279 658 621 943 95 48 47 24 Moti Marad 2020 8470 4380 4090 933 774 401 373 25 Pipaliya 558 2410 1233 1177 954 250 123 127 Total 25353 115463 59472 55991 - 16255 8604 7651 (Source: As per Census Data, 2011)
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Table 3.21 – Population Breakup Details in Study Area SC Population ST Population Literate Population Illiterate Population S. No. Village Name Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 Gadhala 209 103 106 0 0 0 870 491 379 716 300 416 2 Khakhi Jalia 501 263 238 0 0 0 2838 1611 1227 1522 613 909 3 Moti Vavdi 501 264 237 0 0 0 1964 1073 891 621 255 366 4 Zanzmer 843 458 385 31 15 16 2723 1511 1212 1106 472 634 5 Nani Vavdi 150 76 74 0 0 0 1155 628 527 522 211 311 6 Vadla 291 148 143 0 0 0 632 348 284 284 109 175 7 Murakhada 158 79 79 0 0 0 402 239 163 236 95 141 8 Upleta 4097 2106 1991 318 163 155 43710 23635 20075 15065 6533 8532 9 Dumiyani 732 410 322 36 22 14 2300 1413 887 778 328 450 10 Supedi 640 333 307 10 7 3 5235 2945 2290 1711 674 1037 11 Isra 327 179 148 0 0 0 1475 826 649 689 298 391 12 Talgana 386 197 189 0 0 0 1403 810 593 711 290 421 13 Samadhiyala 487 245 242 0 0 0 1731 973 758 838 351 487 14 Hadfodi 37 17 20 0 0 0 1009 605 404 688 264 424 15 Chikhalia 681 360 321 0 0 0 1047 608 439 472 175 297 16 Bholgamda 275 131 144 0 0 0 853 474 379 286 97 189 17 Chhadvavadar 568 297 271 0 0 0 1272 735 537 562 214 348 18 Bhola 179 93 86 31 14 17 1087 592 495 311 124 187 19 Kathrota 225 115 110 15 9 6 1299 727 572 663 272 391 20 Nagalkhada 15 9 6 1 0 1 355 215 140 193 70 123 21 Hadmatiya 95 46 49 0 0 0 768 408 360 249 97 152 22 Nani Marad 80 40 40 0 0 0 700 387 313 253 105 148 23 Bhadajaliya 140 78 62 0 0 0 1053 567 486 226 91 135 24 Moti Marad 1065 563 502 55 24 31 6016 3340 2676 2454 1040 1414 25 Pipaliya 659 337 322 3 1 2 1571 883 688 839 350 489 Total 13341 6947 6394 500 255 245 83468 46044 37424 31995 13428 18567 (Source: As per Census Data, 2011)
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3.9.9 Occupational Structure “Occupational Structure” of the population in the ‘Study Area’ has been studied with reference to the total workers and non-workers. Further total workers grouped into two categories “main workers” and “marginal workers”. Main workers have been grouped into four categories namely: Cultivators, Agricultural Labourers, Household Workers and Other Workers.
3.9.9.1 Total Workers “Work” is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit, such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. The number of total workers in the study area is approximately 47,056 (40.75%) in which 35,288 (74.99%) are male workers and 11,768 (25.01%) are female workers.
Total workers further divided into main workers and marginal workers – 1. Main Workers The workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as “Main Workers”. Total number of main workers in the Study Area is approximately 33,467 persons, which is 89.61 % of total workers and 36.52% of total population. i. Cultivators A person is classified as ‘Cultivators’ if he or she is engaged in cultivation of land own or from government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. A person working on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or combination of both is not treated as “Cultivator”. Total Cultivators in the “Study Area” is approximately 8,394 persons which is 17.84% of total working population and 7.27% of total population. ii. Agricultural Laborers Persons working on the land of others for wages or share in the yield have been treated as Agricultural laborers. Total workers of this category in the “Study Area” are approximately 12,983 persons which are 27.59% of total working population and 11.24% of total population. iii. Household Industry Laborers Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The main criterion of a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more members of a household. Total Household Industry Laborers of this category in the “Study Area” is approximately 329 persons which are 0.70% of total working population and 0.28% of total population. iv. Other Workers All workers except “Cultivators” or “Agricultural labour” or “Household Industry” Workers are Other Workers. Total other workers of this category in the “Study Area” is approximately 19,718 persons which are 41.90% of total working population and 17.08% of total population.
2. Marginal Workers Marginal Workers are those workers, who are engaged in some work for a period of less than six months, during the reference year prior to the census survey. Total number of marginal workers in the Study Area is approximately 4,887 persons which is 10.39% of the total workers and 4.23 % of total population.
Non-Workers The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars etc. The total number of non-workers population is approximately 68,407
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP which is 59.25% of the total population out of which 24,184 (35.35%) are males and 44,223 (64.65%) are females. The percent distribution of Occupational pattern within the study area is given in the table below. Occupation structure of each village in the cluster study area is tabulated below and the graphical representation has also been provided.
140000 115463 120000 100000 80000 68407 60000 47056 42169 40000 19718 20000 8394 12983 329 4887 1095 1420 262 2110
0
Total Total Total
Others Others
Workers
Cultivators Cultivators
Non Workers Non
Labourers Labourers
Household Industry Household Household Industry Household
Agricultural Labourers Agricultural Labourers Agricultural Population Main Workers Marginal Workers
Fig. 3.27 – Occupational Pattern in the Study Area
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Table 3.22 – Occupational Pattern of the Cluster Study Area Population Main Workers Marginal Workers Househol Househol S. Village Non d d No Worker Cultivator Agricultura Other Tota Cultivator Agricultura Other Name Total Worker Total Industry Industry . s s l Labourers s l s l Labourers s s Labourer Labourer s s 1 Gadhala 1586 495 1091 298 214 17 0 67 197 56 20 0 121 2 Khakhi Jalia 4360 2194 2166 1838 912 704 3 219 356 256 59 6 35 3 Moti Vavdi 2585 1094 1491 1004 479 348 0 177 90 34 38 0 18 4 Zanzmer 3829 1779 2050 1640 413 1026 4 197 139 45 85 0 9 5 Nani Vavdi 1677 561 1116 553 279 191 1 82 8 1 3 2 2 6 Vadla 916 418 498 380 87 202 0 91 38 19 12 0 7 7 Murakhada 638 386 252 336 158 95 11 72 50 19 17 4 10 1853 8 Upleta 58775 20755 38020 82 1603 221 15880 2224 40 196 239 1749 1 9 Dumiyani 3078 1140 1938 1107 250 586 4 267 33 4 23 1 5 10 Supedi 6946 3004 3942 2944 657 1633 26 628 60 19 30 0 11 11 Isra 2164 1232 932 938 487 295 5 151 294 90 177 1 26 12 Talgana 2114 1126 988 1093 501 487 0 105 33 8 12 0 13 13 Samadhiyala 2569 1134 1435 1108 385 554 4 165 26 12 6 1 7 14 Hadfodi 1697 642 1055 615 178 341 1 95 27 3 10 0 14 15 Chikhalia 1519 795 724 751 116 583 0 52 44 1 39 0 4 16 Bholgamda 1139 673 466 387 127 186 1 73 286 130 148 0 8 Chhadvavada 17 1834 864 970 647 239 324 3 81 217 89 104 1 23 r 18 Bhola 1398 741 657 662 400 166 5 91 79 45 32 0 2 19 Kathrota 1962 1223 739 1129 505 501 7 116 94 64 9 5 16 20 Nagalkhada 548 316 232 315 107 168 0 40 1 0 0 0 1 21 Hadmatiya 1017 385 632 363 147 146 5 65 22 4 12 0 6 22 Nani Marad 953 437 516 432 216 131 0 85 5 0 4 0 1 23 Bhadajaliya 1279 861 418 767 529 190 1 47 94 73 21 0 0 24 Moti Marad 8470 3760 4710 3518 755 2012 25 726 242 70 155 2 15 25 Pipaliya 2410 1041 1369 813 171 494 2 146 228 13 208 0 7 11546 4216 Total 47056 68407 8394 12983 329 19718 4887 1095 1420 262 2110 3 9 (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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3.9.10 Infrastructural Facilities and Amenities in the cluster Study Area: Information on amenities has been provided based on information available in 2011 Census. The Infrastructural facilities and amenities like Education, Health, Drinking Water, Electricity, Transport and Communication Network. The information is provided in subsequent paragraphs of this section. 1. Medical Facilities According to the Census 2011, there is 1 community health center, 1 primary health center and 15 primary health sub centres, 2 maternity and child welfare centres, 1 TB clinic, 1 allopethic hospital, 1 veterinary hospital, 2 family welfare centers and 1 dispensary present in the study area. The data for the medical facilities of the study area demonstrate the poor condition and lack of basic health facilities in the study area. The statistical data representing the type and number of medical facilities available within the study area is given below.
25
20
15
10
5
0
Community Health Centre Primary Health Centre Primary Health Sub Centre
Maternity And Child Welfare Centre TB Clinic Hospital Allopathic
Dispensary Veterinary Hospital Family Welfare Centre
Medical Prctitioner with MBBS Degree Medical Prctitioner with other Degree Medical Practitioner with no Degree
Traditional Practitioner and Faith Healer Medicine Shop
Fig. 3.19 – Availability of Medical Facility in the Study Area (Source – As Per Census Data, 2011)
2. Educational Facilities In the study area, there are 41 govt. And 32 private primary schools, 13 govt. and 14 private secondary schools and 3 govt. and 5 private senior secondary schools, 1 private medicine college. The data shows that primary schools are sufficient, secondary schools/senior secondary Schools and colleges are not good enough in the ‘Study Area’. The educational facilities within the study area are given below.
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45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Govt Primary School Private Primary School Govt Secondary School Private Secondary School Govt Senior Secondary School Private Medicine College
Fig. 3.20 – Availability of Educational Facility in the Study Area (Source – As Per Census Data, 2011)
3. Drinking Water The main source of drinking water in the study area is through hand pump, tap water, local water reservoirs constructed by district administration/land owners for storage of water.
4. Power Supply All villages in the study area have power supply for domestic agriculture and for all other purposes.
5. Transport Modes of transport in the ‘Study Area’ are Tractor, Jeeps along with Private Bus Services. From the project site the nearest State Highway is NH8B 1.25 km away in the North direction and nearest railway station is Upleta Railway Station 3.75 km in NW direction.
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Table 3.23 – Medical Facilities in the Study Area Private Govt Senior Govt Primary Private Primary Govt Secondary Private Medicine S. No. Village Name Secondary Secondary School School School College School School 1 Gadhala 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Khakhi Jalia 2 1 1 1 0 0 3 Moti Vavdi 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 Zanzmer 2 0 1 0 0 0 5 Nani Vavdi 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 Vadla 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 Murakhada 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 Upleta 10 23 0 10 0 4 9 Dumiyani 2 1 1 0 1 1 10 Supedi 3 1 2 0 1 0 11 Isra 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 Talgana 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 Samadhiyala 1 0 1 1 0 0 14 Hadfodi 1 0 0 0 0 0 15 Chikhalia 1 0 0 0 0 0 16 Bholgamda 1 0 1 0 0 0 17 Chhadvavadar 1 0 0 0 0 0 18 Bhola 1 0 0 0 0 0 19 Kathrota 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 Nagalkhada 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 Hadmatiya 1 0 0 0 0 0 22 Nani Marad 1 0 0 0 0 0 23 Bhadajaliya 1 1 0 0 0 0 24 Moti Marad 3 3 2 2 1 0 25 Pipaliya 1 0 1 0 0 0 Total 41 32 13 14 3 5 (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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Table 3.24 – Educational Facilities of The Study Area Non Government Medical Facilities Primar Materni Tradition Primar Family Medical Medical Communi y ty And TB Hospital Veterina Medical al S. Village y Dispensa Welfar Prctition Prctition ty Health Health Child Clini Allopath ry Practition Practition Medici No. Name Health ry e er with er with Centre Sub Welfare c ic Hospital er with no er and ne Shop Centre Centre MBBS other Centre Centre Degree Faith Degree Degree Healer 1 Gadhala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Khakhi Jalia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 3 Moti Vavdi 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 Zanzmer 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 Nani Vavdi 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 Vadla 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Murakhada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 Upleta 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 2 9 Dumiyani 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 10 Supedi 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 11 Isra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Talgana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Samadhiyal 13 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 a 14 Hadfodi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 15 Chikhalia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 16 Bholgamda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Chhadvavad 17 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ar 18 Bhola 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 19 Kathrota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 20 Nagalkhada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Hadmatiya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 22 Nani Marad 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 23 Bhadajaliya 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 24 Moti Marad 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 2 25 Pipaliya 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 1 1 15 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 6 11 21 5 (Source: As Per Census Data, 2011)
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3.10 Conclusion “Socio-Economic Study” of the ‘Study Area’ gives clear picture of its population, average household size, literacy rate, and sex ratio etc. In comparison with the facilities available in other parts of the district of Gujarat this area lacks higher level of amenities like higher education like Degree college, Govt. senior secondary school, health facilities like Hospitals, maternity home, nursing home etc. This area surely needs more medical and educational facilities to achieve good quality of life. The literacy rate and work participation rate in this area is quite average which can be improved by introduction of more employment opportunities and education facilities. It can be estimated with the data given that lack of employment, education and infrastructure is affecting the condition of the local community. More attention and care must be taken so that the needs and demand of the population of the study area can get more exposure to modern facilities of education, health facilities and development, for a brighter future.
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CHAPTER-4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITITGATION MEASURES
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CHAPTER 4 – ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITITGATION MEASURES
4.1 General Environmental impacts both direct and indirect on various environmental attributes due to the cluster mining activity will be created in the surrounding environment, during the preoperational, operational and post–operational phases. The occurrence of mineral deposits, being site specific, their exploitation, often, does not allow for any choice except adoption of eco-friendly operation. The methods are required to be selected in such a manner, so as to maintain environmental equilibrium ensuring sustainable development. The impacts due to mining operations in the cluster commence from the exploration activities, extend through extraction and processing of minerals, may continue up to post closure of the operation, with the nature and extent of impacts varying throughout the stages of project development. In order to maintain the environmental commensuration with the mining operations, it is essential to undertake studies on the existing environmental scenario and assess the impact on different environmental components. This would help in formulating suitable management plans sustainable resource extraction. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of physical environment. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation, predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning/consultation/extrapolation. The following parameters are of significance in the EIA and are being discussed in detail – 1. Land Environment 2. Water Environment 3. Air Environment 4. Noise Environment 5. Solid waste 6. Biological Environment 7. Socio-Economic
4.2 Impact Assessment Methodology Environmental impacts are defined as any change in the environment either adverse or beneficial. EIA is the most important tool for identifying the possible impact on environment due to possible upcoming project. Baseline data has been collected through well designed scientific network and shows the existing environmental condition in the study area. Following methodology has been adopted for impact assessment for cluster – 1. Listing of possible activities during the construction and operational phase due to the cluster project. 2. Identifying possible parameters on which can cause possible impacts.
Environmental impacts due to mining activities have been discussed in below mentioned sections in details.
4.3 Land Use Pattern The proposed project is a greenfield project. These are government lands and proposed for river bed sand mining.
The following are the proposed mitigation measures to protect the land environment from the anticipated impacts due to the proposed mining activities –
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Table 4.1 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Obstruction in river flow. 1. Mining will be done in strict compliance 2. Erosion of channel bed and banks. with the approved mine plan. 3. Increase in channel slope. 2. Mining activity will be carried out in a 4. Change in channel morphology. manner so that there is no obstruction to 5. Impact on stream’s physical characteristics, water flow in the river during rainy season. such as channel geometry, bed elevation in 3. Wherever soil exists, the excavation up to 1 stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, m above soil level will be carried out. discharge capacity, sediment transportation 4. No mining within 45 m radius from each capacity etc. water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on 6. Impact on ecological equilibrium of riverine either side of existing culverts will be carried regime. out for saving aquatic flora & fauna and for standing of wells etc. so that it prohibited 4 m either road side, anicuts, open well, huts & restricted at forest boundary. 5. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 6. Once a pre determined area has been exhausted of the Ordinary sand, no mining activity will be carried out.
4.4 Water Environment Mining and its associated activities not only use a lot of water but also likely to affect the hydrological regime of the area. The impact of mines is natural on groundwater table. Lowering of water table may result in reduced groundwater availability. Extraction of different minerals is known to lead to water pollution due to heavy metal, acid discharges and increased suspended solids. However, the impact of mining projects on groundwater hydrology and surface water regime are site specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement of groundwater for other uses.
Table 4.2 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Intersection of water table. 1. No mining within 45 m radius from each water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either side of existing culverts will be carried out. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level where as the ground water table exists 7-10 m below the surface. Therefore, the ground water table will not be intersected. 3. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 2. Discharge into the river. 1. Mines will be closed during the rains.
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2. No diversion is proposed. There will not be any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 3. No washing of equipments will be done inside the mining lease areas. 4. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 5. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 3. Flow pattern might be changed due to river 1. No diversion is proposed. There will not be bed mining. any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 2. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 3. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level, which will not cause much change in flow pattern of the river.
4.5 Air Environnent Mining operation in the cluster is carried out by opencast semi mechanized method which generates dust particles due to various activities like loading and transportation of river bed sand. The air quality of the within and near the cluster depends upon the nature and concentration of emissions and meteorological conditions. Major air pollutants from mining operations include – 1. Particulate Matter (dust) of various sizes. 2. Gases, such as, Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide etc. from mining machineries & vehicular exhaust.
Dust is the single air pollutant observed in the open cast mines. Diesel operated drilling machines and movement of machineries/vehicles produce NOX, SO2 and CO emissions, usually at low levels. Dust can be of significant nuisance to surrounding land users and potential health risk in some circumstances.
4.5.1 Anticipated Impact The major sources of air pollution in the cluster is dust generation due to loading and transportation of mineral & wind erosion of exposed material. The resultant concentrations of PM at all locations are well within the NAAQS standard limit.
With the implementation of various control measures, there will not be any significant impact on the ambient air quality in the region.
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Table 4.3 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Air Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Dust generation due to loading and 1. The speed of trucks on haul road will be transportation of mineral. controlled as increased speed increases dust 2. Wind erosion of exposed material. emissions. Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided. The trucks/tippers will have sufficient free board. Spillage, if any of mineral on public roads will be cleared immediately and vehicles will play at safe speed. 2. Planting of trees all along main mine haul road and regular grading of haul roads will be practiced to prevent the generation of dust due to movement of dumpers/trucks. Green belt of adequate width will be developed around the lease area. 3. Regular monitoring of air at specified locations will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
4.6 Noise Environment Noise pollution is mainly due to occasional plying of trucks. These activities will not cause any problem to the inhabitants of this area because there is no human settlement in the close proximity to the mining areas in the cluster. Noise will be generated within mine lease area due to the excavation and loading of mineral onto the trucks. Noise generation due to transportation truck will be temporary for any receptor location. The impact of noise producing equipment on receptor locations has been estimated.
Table 4.4 – Equipment for Noise Generation (Cluster) Type of Vehicle Number Used Excavator / loader 1 Tipper (10 tonnes) 3 Tractor 1 Jeep 1
Baseline noise quality has been monitored in the study area of the cluster. Incremental noise values have been compared with the standards prescribed by CPCB, New Delhi. Day and night noise Leq has been calculated as per standard norms.
Table 4.5 – Permissible Exposure Noise Levels Total Time of Exposure (per day in hours) Sound Pressure level 8 90 6 92 4 95 6 97 2 100 1 105
Frequency levels and associated mental and physical response of humans are given in the table below –
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Table 4.6 – Noise Exposure Levels & Its Effects Noise Levels dB(A) Exposure Time Effects 85 Continuous Safe 85-90 Continuous Annoyance and irritation Temporary shift in hearing threshold, generally 90-100 Short term with complete recovery Continuous Permanent loss of hearing Above 100 Short term Permanent hearing loss can be avoided 100-110 Several years Permanent deafness 110-120 Few months Permanent deafness 120 Short term Extreme discomfort 140 Short term Discomfort with actual pain 150 and above Single exposure Mechanical damage to the ear (Source: Hand Book of EIA, Rao & Wooten)
Table 4.7 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Impacts 1. Noise impact due to mining activities. 1. No other equipments except the 2. Noise impact due to vehicular movement. transportation vehicles and excavator for loading will be allowed. 2. Proper maintenance of all equipments/ machines will be carried out which will help in reducing noise during operations. 3. Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and vicinity of river bank. 4. Ear muffs will be provided to the workers while working on mining equipments. 5. Regular health checkups will be conducted for the worked. 6. Regular noise monitoring will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
4.7 Biological Environment The impact on biodiversity is not very much anticipated because no wild life sanctuary is located near the mine sites in the cluster.
Table 4.8 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Biological Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Impacts 1. The mining activities may affect the 1. The mine lease area is not a part of any surrounding habitats and biodiversity. critical/unique habitat or part of a forest land. Therefore, the project activities will not have impacts like loss of forest habitat, floral species and the associated faunal diversity. 2. Green belt development will be done in 33% of mine lease area and along the haul road. Native variety of plants will be promoted for this purpose. 3. Loss of vegetation cover and biodiversity 1. No clearing of vegetation will take place due within the core zone. to the proposed project. If any such need Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja Page 109
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arises in the future, relevant clearances will be taken from the authorities along. 2. Green belt development will be done in 33% of mine lease area. Native variety of plants will be promoted for this purpose. 4. Change in ambient air quality due to gases 1. Only PUC certified vehicles will be allowed (CO2, SOX and NOX) and dust generation within the mine lease and used for the leading to degradation of vegetation and transportation of the mineral from the mine impacting fauna. lease to their destination. 2. Regular air monitoring will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 3. Green belt development will be done in 33% of mine lease area and along the haul road. 5. Increase in noise level due to mining 4. Proper maintenance of all equipments/ activities and transportation of mineral may machines will be carried out which will help affect the faunal groups in term of their in reducing noise during operations. normal behaviors such as feeding, resting 5. Green belt development will be done in 33% and breeding/nesting (especially avifauna). of mine lease area and along the haul road.
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Table 4.9 – List of Plants Proposed for Green Belt Development S. Common Sensitive / Evergreen / Scientific Name Family Type Growth Rate Regeneration No. Name Tolerant Deciduous 1 Abutilon indicum Khopot Molvaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Australian 2 Acacia ouriculiformis Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Wattle 3 Acacia catechu Khair Mimaseae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 4 Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Gandh - 5 Acacia farnesiana Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen babul 6 Acacia ferruginea Safed Khair Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 7 Acacia nilotico Indian Gum Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 8 Acacia pennata Biswal Mimaseae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 9 Acacia senegal Svetakhadira Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 10 Acacia sinuata Shikakai Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds - The Umbrella 11 Acacia tortilis Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen thorn tree Slow growing 12 Achros sapota Chikoo Sapotaceae Tolerant Tree during early Grafting Evergreen stages 13 Adenonthero pavonma Bodigumehi Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, root 14 Aegl e mormelos Bili Rutoceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Evergreen cutting Hemaraheera Seeds, shoot, 15 Ailanthus excelsa Simarubaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous mara root cutting Krishna Seeds, raat 16 Albizio amara Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous sirisho suckers 17 Albizio chinensis Siran Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 18 Albizio lebbeck Pilosorosio Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 19 Albizio moluccano Losobovol Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen
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20 Albiz1o odoratissimo Kola siris Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 21 Albizio procera White siris Mimaseae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 22 Alstonio scholoris Chattiyan Apacynaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, Small 23 Anona squamosa Seetaphal Ananaceae Tolerant Fast growing grafting, Evergreen Tree budding 24 Anona reticuloto Raamaphal Ananaceae Tolerant Tree Fast growing Seeds Evergreen Cambretacea Seeds, root 25 Anogeissus lotifolio Dhavdo Tolerant Tree Slow growing Evergreen e suckers 26 Anthocephalus chmensis Kadamba Rubiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 27 Aphono mixis polystachya Harin - hara Meliaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen 28 Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal Urticaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen 29 Artacarpus locucha Dahua Urticaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Quick Growing 30 Azadirachta indica Limbado Meliaceae Tolerant Tree Seeds Evergreen after first season 31 Balanites roxburghii lngoriyo Balanitaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 32 Bombuso arundinocio Wans Poaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Cutting Deciduous Shrub/Ta The Golden ll 33 Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae Tolerant Quick growing Cutting Deciduous Bamboo Perennial Grasses 34 Bouhinio ocuminoto Kanchan Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 35 Bauhinia purpureo Khairwal Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Small 36 Bauhinia racemosa Asundro Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Tree 37 Bauhinia semla Semla Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 38 Bauhinia varigata Kavindara Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Semi- 39 Bischofia javanica Paniala Bichofiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Deciduous Bougainville 40 Bougainvillea spectabilis Nyctaginaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen a
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Seeds, root 41 Bridelia squamosa Khaja Eupharbiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous suckers 42 Buteo monosperma Khakharo Fabaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Deciduous Small 43 Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush Myrtaceae Tolerant Slow growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen tree 44 Cealophyllun inophyllum Paanang Clusiaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, 45 Calotropis gigantean Akada Asclepiadaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Evergreen cuttings Seeds, Root 46 Carissa spinarun Anka Apocynaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Evergreen suckers Seeds, Root 47 Cassia fistula Sunari Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous suckers 48 Cassia siamea Kaishid Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Fast growing Seeds Evergreen Cutting, 49 Citrus aurantium Nimbu Rutaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen grafting Clerodendrum 50 Bhantaka Verbenaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen infortunatum Sebespan Quick growing Seeds, stem 51 Cordia dichotoma Cardiaceae Tolerant Tree Evergreen fruit tree after 1st year cutting Moderate during Seeds, Root & 52 Dalbergia sisoo Sissu Fabaceae Tolerant Tree 1st year and Evergreen stem cutting rapid afterwards 53 Delonix regia Gulmohur Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Deciduous Shrub/Ta Seeds, stem, ll rhizome 54 Dendrocalamus strictus Saliabanso Poaceae Tolerant Quick growing Deciduous perennial cutting, grass layering 55 Derris indica Karanjo Fabaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, root 56 Diospyros melanoxylon Kendu Ebenaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Deciduous suckers 57 Dryptes roxburghii Putronjiva Euphorbiaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen 58 Duranta repens - Verbenaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen
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Seeds, cutting, 59 Emblica officinalis Amala Euphorbiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing budding, Deciduous inarching 60 Embryopteris peregrina - Ebenaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, Stem 61 Erythrina variegata Bangoro Fabacea Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting Lemon 62 Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen scented gum Seeds, 63 Ficus benghalensis Banyan Tree Moraceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen cuttings Seeds, 64 Ficus benjamina Pakur Moraceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen cuttings Seeds, 65 Ficus gibbosa Karatosani Moraceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen cuttings Grows slow in Seeds, 66 Ficus religiosa Pipal Moraceae Tolerant Tree early stages, Evergreen cuttings later grows fast Grows slow in Seeds, 67 Ficus virens Pilkhan Moraceae Tolerant Tree early stages, Evergreen cuttings later grows fast Seeds, 68 Gardenia jasminoides Anant Rubiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen cuttings Seeds, 69 Gardenia resinifera Dikamali Rubiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous cuttings Mexican Seeds, large 70 Gliricidia sepium Faboceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous Lilac cutting 71 Guozmo ulmifolio Rudraki Sterculiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 72 Hamelia patens Scarletdush Rubiaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds,Cutti ng Evergreen 73 Heterophragma roxburghii - Bignaniaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 74 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Gurhal Malvaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen Seeds, Stem 75 Holoptelia integrifiolia Dauranja Ulmaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting
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76 Ixora arborea - Rubiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Cutting Evergreen 77 Juniperus communis Betar Pinaceae Sensitive Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Small 78 Kigelia africana Sausage tree Vignoniaceae Tolerant Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Tree 79 Lagerstroemia parviflora Patali Lythraceae Tolerant Tall tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 80 Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 81 Lawsonia inermis Heena Lythraceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 82 Mollotus philippensis Kamala Euphorbiaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen 83 Madhuca longifolia Mahula Sopotaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Quick growing Seeds, 84 Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae Sensitive Tree Evergreen after 1st year transplanti ng, 85 Millingtonia hortensis Indian cork Bignoniaceae Sensitive Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 86 Murraya paniculata Kamini Rutaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 87 Nerium indicum Kaner Apocynaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen 88 Nyctanthus arbor- tristis Harsingar Oleaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Deciduous Seeds, Root 89 Ouginia oojeinensis Banjan Fabaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous cutting Copper pod 90 Peltophorum pterocarpum Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tall Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen tree 91 Phoenix sylvestris Khajuri Arecaceae Tolerant Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen Country Seeds,cutti ng, 92 Phyllanthus acidus Euphorbiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous gooseberry budding 93 Pinus roxburghii Chilgoza Pinaceae Sensitive Tree Slow growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, Branch 94 Pithecellobium ducle Jungle jalebi Mimosaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen cutting 95 Polyalthia longifolin Ashok Anonaceae Sensitive Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Seeds, stem, 96 Populus deltoides Poplar Salicaceae Sensitive Tree Quick growing root cutting, Deciduous root sucker Vilayati Seeds, root 97 Prosopis chilensis Mimosaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Evergreen Babul sucker
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Seeds, cutting, 98 Psidium guayava Amrud Myrtaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing budding, Evergreen grafting Semi- 99 Pterygota alata - Sterculioceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Deciduous 100 Ricinus communis Castar Euphorbiaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 101 Salix tetrasperma Baisi Solicaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Cutting Deciduous 102 Samaneo samom Rain tree Mimosaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 103 Soraca asaka Ashok Caesolpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 104 Sesbania grondiflora Swamp pea Fabaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 105 Sesbania sesban Jayanti Fabaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 106 Sesbania speciosa Seemaiagathi Fabaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 107 Soymida febrifuga Rahina Meliaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Quick growing 108 Spondias pinnata Berng Anacardiaceae Tolerant Tree Seeds Deciduous after first year 109 Sterculia foetida Jangli badam Sterculiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 110 Sterculia guttata Kukur Sterculiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous 111 Strychnos nux-vomica Kuchla Loganiaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Turpentine 112 Syncarpia glomulifera Myrtoceoe Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen tree Seeds, cutting, 113 Syzygium cumini Jombu Myrtoceoe Tolerant Tree Quick growing grafting, Evergreen budding Tabernaemantane 114 Tagar Apocynaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Cutting Evergreen divaricata 115 Tamarindus indica Imli Caesalpinaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 116 Tecoma stans - Bignaniaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 117 Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Seeds, cutting, 118 Terminalia arjuna Arjuno Combretacea Tolerant Tree Quick growing Deciduous layering 119 Terminalia bellerica Bahera Combretacea Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Deciduous 120 Terminalia catappa Deshi badam Combretacea Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous
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121 Terminalia chebula Harda Combretacea Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Deciduous Paarsapeepal 122 Thespesia populneoides Molvaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen a 123 Thevetia peruviana Pila kaner Apocynaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds, cutting Evergreen 124 Thuja accidentalis White cedar Cupressaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Cutting Evergreen 125 Trema orientalis Gol Ulmaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds, stumps Evergreen 126 Zizyphus mauritiana Bodori Rhamnaceae Tolerant Tree Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Straggler 127 Zizyphus oenoplia Makai Rhamnaceae Tolerant Quick growing Seeds Evergreen Shrub 128 Zizyphus rugosa Suran Rhamnaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen 129 Zizyphus xylopyra Ber Rhamnaceae Tolerant Shrub Quick growing Seeds Evergreen (Source: Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, CPCB, March 2000)
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Butea monosperma Ficus benghalensis
Zizyphus xylopyra Lawsonia inermis
Fig. 4.1 – Photograph Showing Proposed Plants for Green Belt
4.8 Traffic Due to Transportation 4.8.1 Vehicular Traffic Density Traffic study was carried out as primary data to know the existing traffic density. Enumeration and calculation of traffic density as per IRC 106:1990 has been calculated to estimate level of services. The width of the is 3.5 m. Transportation survey was carried out between 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM. The existing traffic, V/C ratio & LOS and traffic density are presented below –
Table 4.10 – Existing Traffic Scenario S. Conversion Value from Mode Total PCU No. Factor Field Survey 1 Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi 1 8 8 2 Auto/Shared Auto 1 0 0 3 Two Wheeler 0.5 36 18 4 Mini Bus 1.5 0 0 5 Standard Bus 3 0 0
6 Mini LCV 1 0 0 7 LCV 1.5 1 1.5 8 2/3 Axle 3 21 63 9 Multi Axle Vehicle 4.5 0 0 10 Agricultural Tractor 1.5 15 22.5 11 Agricultural Tractor Trolly 4.5 6 27
12 Animal/Hand Drawn 3 0 0
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13 Cycle 0.5 45 22.5 Total 132 162.5 (Source: IRC64:1990)
Note – V= Volume of PCU/day C= Capacity of PCU/hr.
Here, C= PCU/hr for one lane in both the direction. Total PCU = 162.5 Therefore, V/C ratio = 0.17 The existing Traffic Scenario is having “A” LOS i.e., Excellent when compared with LOS recommended by IRC, as given in the following table –
Table 4.11 – V/C Ratio & LOS V/C LOS Performance 0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 - 0.6 C Good / Average / Fair 0.6 - 0.8 D Poor 0.8 - 1.0 E Very Poor (Source: IRC64:1990)
4.8.2 During Mine Operation The number of trucks that will be added to the existing traffic scenario is 16 after the commencement of the mining activities. It has been tabulated below –
Table 4.12 – Increase in Traffic Due to Proposed Cluster Parameter Value Unit Total Capacity of Cluster 4,33,817 MTPA No. of Working Days 300 Days Production per day 1446.06 MTPD Truck Capacity 15 MT No. of Truck Trips per day 96 Trucks/day Total PCU (with addition of 96 trucks after commencement of 594.5 PCU/day mining activities) V/C Ratio 0.62
Table 4.13 – Traffic Scenario After Commencement of Mining S. Conversion Value from Mode Total PCU No. Factor Field Survey 1 Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi 1 8 8 2 Auto/Shared Auto 1 0 0 3 Two Wheeler 0.5 36 18 4 Mini Bus 1.5 0 0 5 Standard Bus 3 0 0
6 Mini LCV 1 0 0 7 LCV 1.5 1 1.5 8 2/3 Axle 3 21 63
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9 Multi Axle Vehicle 4.5 96 432 10 Agricultural Tractor 1.5 15 22.5 11 Agricultural Tractor trolly 4.5 6 27
12 Animal/Hand Drawn 3 0 0 13 Cycle 0.5 45 22.5 Total 228 594.5
After the addition of 96 trucks the total PCU/Day will be 594.5 PCU/day. Therefore, The V/C ratio after the commencement of mining = 0.62
The value is less than 1; therefore, carrying capacity of the road can bear the additional traffic load of 96 trucks which will be added due to cluster mining activity.
From the above analysis it can be seen that the V/C ratio will change to 0.62 from 0.17 with LOS being “D” which is “Poor”. While there will be impact on the road network due to the cluster, however, the current road network will be able to cater to the increase in the traffic due to mineral transportation.
4.9 Impact on Law and Order As local people will be employed, no law & order problem is envisaged. It is expected that the workers will attend their duties and will return to their homes on the same day. There would have been law & order problem if the workers were migrants and living close to the mining area.
4.10 Socio-Economic Environment The socio-economic impacts of mining are many. Impacts of a mining project may be positive or negative. The adverse impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food security etc. People are also directly affected due to pollution. Social Impact Assessment is a process of analysis, monitoring and managing the social consequences of a project. Study on socio-economic status of the cluster has already been carried out using primary socio-economic survey for generating the baseline data of socio-economic status.
4.10.1 Anticipated Impacts From the primary socio-economic survey and through secondary data available from established literature and census data 2011, it is found that there would be positive impact on socio-economic condition of the nearby area.
4.10.1.1 Impact on Population Composition The impact of the cluster mining project on population composition will be marginal as there will be no major immigration of people from distant areas. Only few skilled and managerial staff will be recruited from outside and the rest will be recruited locally. Similarly, there is no scope for emigration of people and there will be no displacement of people due to land acquisition. The Project proponent will ensure that all the unskilled workers deployed for cluster mining activities are local recruits.
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Table 4.14 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Impacts 1. Change in the population composition. 1. The impact of the cluster mining project on population composition will be marginal as there will be no major immigration of people from distant areas. Only few skilled and managerial staff will be recruited from outside and the rest will be recruited locally. 2. Similarly, there is no scope for emigration of people and there will be no displacement of people due to land acquisition. 3. The Project proponent will ensure that all the unskilled workers deployed for cluster mining activities are local recruits. 2. Employment 1. The cluster mining project is expected to provide direct and indirect employment opportunities to local people of different skills and trades. It is a positive impact that needs to be encouraged. It has been estimated that 6 workers of various categories will be employed directly due to the proposed project. 2. The employment potentiality of the project is expected to ameliorate the economic condition of the families of those persons who will get employed in the proposed cluster mining project. 3. Further, the project will provide indirect employment to people who will be involved in segregation of extracted mining materials, petty business and service-oriented industries.
4.11 Mine Waste Management No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make a retaining wall in a manner such that flow of water does not get disturbed.
4.12 Mine Closure Mine closure plan is the most important environmental requirement in mineral mining projects. The mine closure plan should cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects dealing with progressive and post closure activities. The closure operation is a continuous series of activities starting from the decommissioning of the project. Therefore, progressive mine closure plan should be specifically dealt with in the mining plan and is to be reviewed every five years in the scheme of mining. As progressive mine closure is a continuous series of activities, it is obvious that the proposals of scientific mining have included most of the activities to be included in the closure plan. While formulating the closure objectives for the site, it is important to consider the existing or the pre-mining land use of the site; and how the operation will affect this activity. Some operations such as mining in agricultural areas have clearly defined this objective of returning the land to viable agricultural purposes or for bringing the land for economically viable productive purposes.
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The primary aim is to ensure that the following broad objectives along with the abandonment of the mine can be successfully achieved – 1. To create a productive and sustainable after-use for the site, acceptable to mine owners, regulatory agencies and the public. 2. To protect public health and safety of the surrounding habitation. 3. To minimize environmental damage. 4. To conserve valuable attributes and aesthetics. 5. To overcome adverse socio-economic impacts.
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CHAPTER-5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SITE
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CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SITE
5.1 General Consideration of alternatives to a project proposal is a requirement of EIA process. During the scoping process, alternatives to a proposal can be considered or refined, either directly or by reference to the key issues identified. A comparison of alternatives helps to determine the best method of achieving the project objectives with minimum environmental impacts or indicates the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective options.
5.2 Factors Behind the Selection of Project Site The proposed project is a part of a cluster for excavation of river bed sand, which is mineral specific. The mining leases in the cluster have been granted by Indian Bureau of Mines. The proposed mining project has following advantages – 1. The mineral deposit occurs in a non-forest area. 2. There is no habitation within any of the lease area; hence no R&R issues exist. 3. Availability of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers in this region. 4. All the basic amenities such as medical, firefighting, education, transportation, communication and infrastructural facilities are accessible. 5. Project connectivity through road and rail is good. The nearest highway is NH8B at a distance of about 1.25 km from the mine lease boundary in the North direction. The Nearest Railway Station is Upleta Railway Station which is about 1.2 km in North direction. 6. The proposed project mining operations do not intersect the ground water level. Hence, no impact on ground water environment.
5.3 Analysis of Alternative Site 5.3.1 Site Alternatives under Consideration Presence of river bed sand for commercial exploitation has been identified based on the result of geological investigations and exploration carried out by the GSI. Since the mining activity is site specific and it depends upon the occurrence of minerals and ores, therefore, alternative site analysis is not done.
5.4 Analysis of Alternative Technology 5.4.1 Selection of Mining Methodology Factors which are considered for the selection of an actual mining method for a given deposit are deposit characteristics, percentage recovery, requirement of health and safety and environmental concerns, production, scheduling scope of mechanization and automation, workforce requirements wage rates and land reclamation, operating and capital cost estimates. The selection of the mining method (development and extraction) is a key decision to be made for the opening up of a mine. The open-pit or open cast mining method is the suitable choice for a property with wide area of mineralization exposed or exists in a close proximity to the surface and continues to greater to depth.
The open-cast mining method will be adopted because of the following reasons – 1. Open cast mining methodology ensures higher mineral conservation due to full visualization of exposed mineral. 2. No need of artificial light in the day shift with natural ventilation round the clock.
Therefore, opencast semi-mechanized method for sand mining for the proposed project is efficient, so no alternative mining method is proposed.
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CHAPTER-6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES
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CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES
6.1 General Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during mine operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the proposed project, to enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. An environmental impact assessment study is carried over for a specified period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The objectives of monitoring are to – 1. Verify effectiveness of planning decisions 2. Measure effectiveness of operational procedures 3. Conform statutory and corporate compliance 4. Identify unexpected changes
6.2 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter 4 – Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on the environment due to the operations of the proposed project. The implementation of the monitoring programme is not confined to the mines sites only, but also to the nearby vicinity. As the mining impacts on environment is not limited to core zone only. Therefore, study comprises of 10 km zone around the mine leases from the periphery. Implementation schedule of mitigation measures is given the following table –
Table 6.1 – Implementation Schedule S. Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule No. Before commissioning of respective 1 Air pollution control measures Immediate units Water pollution control 2 Before commissioning of the mines Immediate measures Noise pollution control Along with the commissioning of the 3 Immediate measures mines Immediate Ecological preservation and up 4 Stage-wise implementation & gradation Progressive
6.2.1 Administrative Aspects & Environmental Monitoring Programme As per the guidelines laid down by the MoEF&CC regular monitoring of environmental parameters needs to be submitted to SEIAA and Pollution Control Board to ensure control of environmental pollution due to proposed project. With the baseline data, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the proposed project. It will enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time and to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring.
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Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. The post project monitoring work forms part of Environmental Monitoring Program. Environmental Monitoring Program will be implemented once the project activity commences.
Environmental monitoring program includes – 1. Proper Environmental surveillance. 2. Data enalysis & its interpretation. 3. Reports preparations to support environmental management system. 4. Organizational set up for ensuring the proper and time bound manner implementation of the environmental programme.
6.2.2 Environment Management Cell In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary. The proponent will have a full-fledged EMC which will report directly to Functional Head for environmental monitoring and control. The EMC team will take care of pollution monitoring aspects and implementation of control measures. A group of qualified and efficient engineers with technicians will be deputed for maintenance, up keep and monitoring the pollution control equipments to keep them in working at the best of their efficiencies.
The organizational structure for Environment Cell for mining operations is shown in the figure below. This Environment Cell is responsible for the management and implementation of the environmental control measures. Basically, this department will supervise the air & water pollution control management, Liasoning with State & Central Statutory agency & Committee.
6.2.3 Environment Management Cell Responsibility The flow chart showing the Organizational structure of the Environment management cell is shown below.
Mine Agent
Mine Manager
Environmental Engineer
Air and Pollution Control Management
Liasoning with state and central statutory agency and committe
Fig. 6.1 – Organization Structure for Environment Management
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Their responsibilities are as follows – 1. To monitor the environment of core zone as well as buffer zone 2. To monitor the performance of pollution control equipments 3. To develop the green belt 4. To control the excess water usages 5. Ensuring that standards are maintained 6. Carrying out the EMP
6.3 Environment Monitoring Programme The environmental monitoring will be conducted for the below mentioned parameters – 1. Air quality 2. Water quality 3. Noise levels 4. Soil Quality 5. Greenbelt Development
6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring Ambient quality will be monitored each month. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO monitoring will be carried out on regular basis. Micro metrological data will also be monitored the on regular basis.
6.3.2 Water Quality Monitoring Water quality monitoring will involve periodical analysis and observation of surface water and the ground water near the cluster. The water quality monitoring will be monitored for all the selected locations.
6.3.3 Noise Levels and Vibration Noise level in the work zone will be monitored on regular basis to determine the exposure level of noise due to the mining activities and from its related equipments. Noise level monitoring will be done for achieving the following objectives – 1. To compare sound levels with the validated regulations 2. To determine the various noise generating sources 3. To determine the need and extent of noise control measures
6.3.4 Soil Quality The objective of soil quality monitoring is to determine the status and trends of soil quality in the region so as to evaluate their levels and determine trends after the implementation of the proposed mining activity. Soil monitoring will be conducted on the regular basis to ensure its sustainability by determining various soil parameters like pH, colour, moisture etc.
6.3.5 Green Belt Development The green belt plantation/development will be done along the statutory boundary and haul road. Locally available types of trees, which are resistant to pollutants is being planned. Plant species act as bio-monitoring agent to monitor the air environment as well as to keep and maintain the project environment healthy. Trees have substantial inter-specific as well as intra-specific variation in air pollution tolerance. Green belt development/tree plantation in organized manner will be carried out around the existing mine site by the end of the mining activity. The species suggested are Local tree species in the mine area and nearby villages, to reduce the impact of expansion activities in the surroundings of the existing mine site. The suggested plants are suitable for green belt development have characteristics like, fast growing, thick canopy cover, perennial and evergreen large leaf area, naturally growing, efficient in absorbing pollutants without major effects on natural growth.
The environmental monitoring plan that will be implemented is given below.
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Table 6.2 – Environmental Monitoring Programe Sampling Measurement Attributes Test Procedure Network Frequency Method A. Air Environment Pollutants 8 locations in the cluster Once in a Gravimetric method - PM2.5, PM10 impact area (Minimum 2 season. Gravimetric method - SO2 locations in upwind side, 2 EPA Modified West Absorption in Potassium Tetra sites in downwind side / & Geake method Chloromercurate followed by impact zone and 1 in core Colorimetric estimation using P- zone) Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS: 5182 Part - II). NO2 Arsenite modified Absorption in dil. NaOH and then Jacob & Hochheiser estimated colorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N (I-Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (CPCB Method).
B. Water Environment pH, Turbidity, Colour, Odour, Set of grab samples during Diurnal and As per IS 10500 Samples for water quality should be Taste, TDS, Total Hardness, pre and post-monsoon for Season wise collected and analysed as per IS: 2488 Calcium Hardness, Magnesium ground and surface water in (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, the vicinity testing of Industrial effluents Standard Sulphate, Nitrates, Alkalinity, methods for examination of water and Iron, Copper, Manganese, wastewater analysis published by Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, APHA. Arsenic, Cyanide, Lead, Zinc, Chromium, Aluminium, Boron, Phenolic Compounds C. Noise Noise levels at Day & night Mine Boundaries, High Quarterly / Half As per CPCB norms As per CPCB norms time – noise yearly
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Leq Generating areas within the cluster D. Soil pH, Bulk Density, Soil texture, 8 locations in the cluster Yearly/half As per USDA As per USDA Method Nitrogen, Available impact area yearly Method Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Chloride
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6.4 Occupational Health and Safety Occupational health and safety is very closely related to productivity and good employer- employee relationship. The factors affecting occupational health due to the proposed project are mainly dust and land degradation. Safety of employees during operation and maintenance etc. shall be as per mines rules and regulations. To avoid any adverse effect on the health of workers due to various pollutants, sufficient measures relating to safety and health will also be practiced – 1. Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water etc. 2. All safety measures like use of safety appliances, such as dust masks, helmets, shoes, safety awareness programs, awards, posters, slogans related to safety etc. 3. Training of employees for use of safety appliances and first aid in vocational training centre. 4. Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers’ guidelines. 5. Periodical medical examination of all workers by a medical officer. 6. First Aid facility is provided in all mines present in the cluster. 7. Close surveillance of the factors in working environment and work practices which may affect environment and worker’s health. 8. Working of mines as per approved mining plan and environmental plans.
Table 6.3 – Proposed Budget Allocation for Labour Welfare S. Fund Allocated (Rs. Lakhs) Activities No. 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 1 Labour Health Checkup 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 Sanitation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 Crèche 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4 Drinking Water 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 5 Occupational Safety 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Total 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Grand Total 9.0
The proposed allocated Budget for labour welfare for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is Rs. 1.8 Lakh per year.
6.4.1 Public Health Implication Proper mitigation measures in relation to air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination and noise pollution is proposed to be adopted at the mine. Green belt plantation along the periphery of mining lease boundary will be done. It is expected that there will be no impact of mining on the population in the impact zone. However, the following measures shall be adopted – 1. Health checkups of villagers in the immediate vicinity of the mines shall be carried out periodically. 2. In case any person or a group of persons is found to be suffering from any ailment, directly related to mining, their medical treatment will be carried out free of cost. 3. All water bodies e.g. wells and surface water sources in the vicinity of the mines, shall be periodically tested for any pollution related to mining operations and remedial action taken, if needed. Operators of all transport vehicles shall be instructed not to honk unnecessarily while passing through villages or nearby schools.
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6.5 Corporate Environmental Policy The project proponent commits to contributing towards a clean and sustainable environment and continually enhancing the environmental performance as an integral part of the business philosophy and values. The proposed CER budget is prepared as per MoEF&CC OM F. No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May 2018. 2 % of the total project cost is proposed as part of CER budget as per Section 6 (II) of the said Office Memorandum.The proposed CER budget for the proposed project is given below –
Table 6.4 – CER budget for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 S. Fund allocated Activities No. (Rs. Lakhs) Upgradation of School (Painting + Blackboards + Benches + 1 0.5 Desks) 2 Water Cooler for School 0.5 3 Solar based Street Lights in villages 1.0 Total 2.0
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CHAPTER-7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
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CHAPTER 7 – ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Additional Studies As per EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006, as amended from time to time, the SEIAA, Gujarat has suggested various ToR for the preparation of the EIA and EMP. The following Additional Studies were carried out as per ToR – 1. Public Hearing 2. Risk Assessment 3. DMP
7.2 Public Hearing This is Draft EIA report; public hearing is yet to be conducted. Details of public hearing will be incorporated after conducting public hearing.
7.3 Risk Assessment The complete mining operation will be carried out under the management control and direction of a qualified mines manager. The DGMS risk assessment process is intended to identify existing and probable hazards in the work environment and all operations and assess the risk levels of those hazards in order to prioritize those that need immediate attention. Further, mechanisms responsible for these hazards are identified and their control measures, set to timetable are recorded along with pinpointed responsibilities.
In the unlikely event that a consequence has occurred, disaster management kicks in. This includes instituting procedures pertaining to a number of issues such as communication, rescue, and rehabilitation. These are addressed in the DMP. Both, the Risk Assessment and DMP, are living documents and need to be updated whenever there are changes in operations, equipment, or procedures. Assessment is all about preventing accidents and taking necessary steps to prevent it from happening.
However, following natural/industrial hazards may occur during normal operation – 1. Accident due to operation of heavy mining equipments 2. Accident during transportation activity because of mishandling by the drivers. 3. Inundation/ Flooding
In order to take care of above hazard/disasters, the following control measures will be adopted – 1. All safety precautions and provisions of Mine Act 1952, Metalliferrous Mines Regulations 1961 and Mines Rules 1955 will be strictly followed during all the mining operations. 2. Entry of unauthorized persons in the mining area will be prohibited. 3. Fire fighting and first-aid provisions in the mine office complex and mining area. 4. Provisions of all the safety appliances such as safety boots, helmets, goggles etc. will be made available to the employees free of cost for their use. 5. Under mines vocational training rules all employees of mines shall have to undergo the training at regular interval. 6. Working of mine as per approved mine plans. Regular updation of the mine plans. 7. Regular maintenance and testing of all mining equipments as per manufacturer’s guidelines.
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8. Suppression of dust on the haulage roads and at the loading & unloading points. 9. Increasing the awareness of safety and disaster through competitions, posters and other similar drives. 10. During monsoon months and heavy rains, the mining operations will be ceased.
7.3.1 Key Definitions Hazard: Source of potential harm, injury, or loss.
Consequence: Size of the loss or damage. In terms of health and safety, it is the degree of harm that could be caused to people exposed to the hazard, the potential severity of injuries or ill health and/or the number of people who could be potentially affected. Consequence of a hazard need not only be in terms of safety criteria but could also be in terms of a money loss, incurred costs, loss of production, environmental impacts as well as public outrage.
Risk: Combination of the likelihood of a specific unwanted event and the potential consequences if it should occur.
Risk Assessment: Is a process that involves measurement of risk to determine priorities and to enable identification of appropriate level of risk treatment (used also to describe the overall process of risk management).
Risk Control: Implementation of strategies to prevent or control hazards.
Risk Rating: The category or level or risk assigned following risk assessment (e.g. High, Medium or Low).
Risk Management: Overall description of the steps taken to manage risk, by identifying hazards and implementing controls in the workplace.
Emergency: A situation of process deviation that, if uncontrolled, may lead to a major accident /disaster with potential short term and/or long-term risk damage consequence to life and property in and/or around the workplace.
Disaster: A catastrophic consequence of a major emergency/accident that leads to not only extensive damage to life and property, but also disrupts all normal human activity for a significant period of time and requires a major national and/or international effort for rescue and rehabilitation of those affected.
7.3.2 Scope of Work for Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Study The scope of work has been framed as per DGMS requirements for risk and safety studies in mines and includes the hazard identification, risk assessment, and ranking, resulting in treatment controls and action plans.
7.3.2.1 Hazard and Risk Assessment Level 1: Hazard Identification Hazard identification includes:
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Study of Safety Issues Pertaining to The Project 1. Study of operational information, including safety concepts used in design of equipment and Storages. 2. Listing of hazardous inventory and identification of key hazardous substances to be used. 3. Available procedures and the extent to which they are followed in operational mines by the same organization. 4. Consultations with employees who carry out or are likely to carry out the jobs. 5. Safety statistics for this and other mines, as applicable and available. 6. Statutory mine inspection reports, where available.
7.3.2.2 Identification of Hazard Scenarios Identification of scenarios that can cause damage to life & property.
Level 2: Risk Assessment As defined earlier, risk is a function of likelihood and consequence. Likelihood is the chance that the hazard might occur. Since the risk of any hazard is dependent upon the chance that it will occur (likelihood) and the impact of an occurrence (consequence).
Risk Score = Likelihood x Consequence In some cases, personnel are only exposed to the hazard for part of the time. Hence, a more detailed analysis of the risk ranking can be carried out by taking exposure (% time personnel are present) and probability (chance that they will be injured) into consideration.
Risk Score = (Probability x Exposure) x Consequence The values used for likelihood, consequence, exposure or probability need to be agreeded by the risk assessment team, and there is an element of professional judgment in exercising these choices.
Level 3: Treatment Controls After examining the high priority risks, consideration is given to consider the potential to reduce or eliminate the risk by using the hierarchy of controls. These assists establishing methods to reduce the risk. From experience, the effectiveness of each method is given as a percentage after each of the control descriptions. The desirability of control plans (with reducing effectiveness) is as follows – Elimination: Remove steps to eliminate the hazard completely. Substitution: Replace with less hazardous material, substance, or process. Separation: Isolate hazard from person by guarding, space, or time separation. Administration: Adjusting the time or conditions of risk exposures. Training: Improving skills making tasks less hazardous to persons involved. Personal protective equipment: Used as the last resort, appropriately designed and properly fitted equipment where other controls are not practicable.
Control measures can reduce either the likelihood or consequence of the event or both. Depending on the level of reduction of the hazard, there could still be a residual risk that needs to be monitored so that a secondary prevention process can be initiated when trigger points are reached.
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7.4 Mine Disaster Management Plan The DMP is a guide, giving general considerations, directions, and procedures for handling emergencies likely to arise from planned operations. The DMP has been prepared for the proposed project on the basis of the Risk Assessment and related findings covered in the report.
7.4.1 Disaster Management Plan 7.4.1.1 Structure The DMP is supposed to be a dynamic, changing, document focusing on continual improvement of emergency response planning and arrangements. A structure working on a Plan, Do, Check & Review cycle has been therefore suggested. Another advantage of doing this is to have a system that is in synchronicity with commonly used Safety Health and Environmental systems such as ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
7.4.1.2 Policy The Safety Health and Environmental policy is existing & accessible to all at site and to other stakeholders. The policy has been framed considering legislative compliance, stakeholder involvement, continual improvement, and management by objectives.
7.4.1.3 Identification and Prevention of Possible Emergency Situations Possible emergency situations can broadly be classified into unintended explosions, vehicle collision, and inundation. Additional emergency situations can be developed on the basis of audit or other procedures prior to commencement of operations.
7.4.1.4 Emergency Prevention Some of the ways of preventing emergencies are as follows – 1. Preparation of a Preventive Maintenance Schedule Programme and also covering maintenance schedules for all critical equipments and instruments as per recommendations of the manufacturer’s user manuals. 2. Importantly, it is of great importance to collect and analyze information pertaining to minor incidents and accidents at the site, as well as for recording near-mines or emergencies that were averted. This information gives an indication of how likely or unlikely it is for the site to face actual emergency and what shall be further action to prevent them from occurring. 3. Establishment of an ongoing training and evaluation programme, incorporating the development of capabilities amongst employees about potential emergencies and ways and means of identifying and averting the same. Most emergencies do not occur without some incident or an abnormal situation. So, there is always sometime of few seconds to few minutes to arrest an incident of abnormal situation from turning in to an emergency. This is the role of the shift in-charge who is the incident controller along with his shift team.
7.4.1.5 Emergency Plan Objectives Specific objectives of the Emergency Response Plan are to be clearly listed with regards to the responses desired for successful management of the possible emergency situations. Suggested objectives could include – 1. To define and assess emergencies, including risk and environmental impact assessment 2. To control and contain incidents. 3. To safeguard employees. 4. To minimize damage to property and/or the environment. 5. To inform employees, the general public and the authority on the hazards/risks assessed.
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6. Safeguard provided residual risk if any and the role to be played by them in the event of emergency. 7. To inform authorities like Safety and Fire Department and Mutual Aid Centers to come up for help. 8. For effective rescue and treatment of casualties and to count the injured. 9. To identify and list fatal accidents if any. 10. To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore normally. 11. To provide authoritative information to the news media. 12. To preserve records, equipments etc. and to organize investigation into the cause of the emergency and preventive measures to stop its recurrence. 13. To ensure safety of staff and patients and resume work.
7.5 Fire Fighting Person noticing the fire shall immediately raise alarm and ask the nearest person to inform Manager-Quarry. Portable Fire Extinguisher shall be used in an attempt to extinguish the fire, by the person at site. Manager shall assess the severity of fire and if likely to be severe shall take following steps – 1. Call fire tenders and mobile trailer pump from nearby fire department. 2. Call for assembly of all persons at assembly points 3. Arrange for turning "OFF" main switch of electricity supply.
7.6 First Aid Basic items in a first aid kit consist of items listed as follows –
Table 7.1 – First Aid Kit S. No. Particulars 1 First aid leaflet 2 Sterilized finger dressing 3 Sterilized hand or foot dressing 4 Sterilized body or large dressing 5 Sterilized burns dressing - small 6 Sterilized burns dressing - large 7 Sterilized burns dressing – extra large 8 Sterilized cotton wool (25 gm) 9 Cetavolon (28 gm) 10 Eye pads 11 Adhesive plaster 12 Assorted roller bandage 13 Triangular bandages 14 Safety pins 15 Scissors, ordinary, 12.7 cms, both sides sharp 16 Savlon liquid, 150 ml, or equivalent 17 Cotton wool for padding, 100 gm 18 Eye Ointment of sulphacetamide preparation 19 Loose woven gauze compressed pack 20 Aspirin, 300 mg (10 tablets) 21 Scribbling Pad with a pencil in a plastic
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22 Adhesive dressing strips 23 Field dressing of modified army pattern 24 Record cards in a plastic cover 25 Torch, medium size without cells 26 Eye wash 27 Wooden splints, small 28 Wooden splints, big
7.7 Post Emergency Activities Medical Checkup: Medical checkup of affected persons if any and suitable medical aid shall be provided. Collection of Records: Exact information shall be collected regarding cause of Emergency and remedial measures suggested preventing recurrence. Inquiry: Detailed inquiry shall be carried out to find out the cause which will be in the form of fact finding and recommendations made to suitable authority. Insurance Claims (if any): Insurance claims for damage due to consequences of emergency shall be filed.
7.7.1 Mock Drill Full scale mock drill shall be conducted at least once a year in coordination with Safety Department.
7.7.2 Training Regular training of all concerned personnel will be conducted to enable the Staff to face any type of Emergency be it Natural Disasters, Fire in Equipment, Building or any explosion in quarry.
7.7.3 Disaster Management Plan Audit, Non-Conformance and Corrective Action and Preventive Action Since this DMP has been designed as a dynamic document, it is required that its performance be audited at regular intervals. Ideally, persons auditing the DMP should be external auditors (i.e. not employed at the site being audited). The audit should result in a set of findings that are put before the site management for review. Audits will be periodic, at intervals that are decided by the Head Office. Audit reports shall state the exact non-compliance with the particular clause of this DMP, and should include steps to be taken to attain compliance, through corrective and preventive actions.
7.7.4 Review of Emergency Performance The site/head office management will review the findings of the audit and the non- compliances. It will consider whether the DMP is providing adequate safety assurance to the management, delivering performance as desired, and whether it continues to be in the spirit of Environment, Health and Safety Policies, and changing requirements. On the basis of these, the management will record its decisions and consider modifying the DMP, as deemed appropriate.
7.8 Overburden No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed.
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7.9 Heavy Machinery Most of the accidents occur during transportation by tippers/trucks, generally attributed to mechanical failures and/or human errors. This can be prevented by regular training of all vehicle/machinery drivers/operators, regular maintenance of equipment and ensuring safe operations.
7.10 Safety Measures Safety Measures at the proposed project are as follows – 1. The gradient of the haul road inside the pit, access trench and on the dumps will not be steeper than 1 in 16. 2. All mining operations both within the quarry and outside will be conducted as per the approved mine plan, conditions laid down by DGMS and under the strict supervision of competent persons appointed under Metalliferrous Mines Regulations, 1961.
Measures to Prevent Accidents due to backhoe and trucks are as follows – 1. All transportation within the main working area will be carried out under the direct supervision and control of the management. 2. The vehicles will be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once a week by a competent person authorized for this purpose by the management. 3. Broad signs should be provided at each and every turning point especially for the guidance of the drivers of vehicles. 4. To avoid dangers while reversing of vehicles, especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of trucks will, as far as possible, be made man free, and there will be light and sound devices to indicate reversing of trucks.
7.11 Disaster Management Plan 7.11.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan The DMP is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation and restoration of production. For effective implementation of the DMP, it should be widely circulated and personnel training should be given. The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the mines and the outside services to achieve the following – 1. Rescue and medical treatment to the affected persons. 2. Safeguard other people. 3. Minimize damage to property and the environment. 4. Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area. 5. Preserve relevant records and equipments for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency.
In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.
7.12 Fire Fighting Facilities Sufficient fire extinguishers will be installed at selected locations such as mines office, garage, stores etc. Besides, sufficient water hydrants with sufficient length of hosepipes will be made available on the surface for fire protection.
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7.13 Emergency Medical Facilities Emergency communication system will be available at all times to report any emergency instances. Contact details of nearest hospital, police department, fire brigade and other important bodies will be kept handy.
7.14 Rehabilitation & Resettlement As there is no habitation with in mine lease areas no Rehabilitation & Resettlement required. However, the project proponent of is committed towards development of the surrounding area.
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CHAPTER-8 REPLENISHMENT STUDY
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CHAPTER 8 – REPLENISHMENT STUDY
8.1 Introduction The proposed project of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 having a mining lease of 4.00 Ha is for the River Bed mining of Ordinary Sand from the river Bhadra in the state of Gujarat. The mine lease is situated near village Upleta, taluka Upleta, district Rajkot and state Gujarat. The project proponent is Shri Dhruvrajsinh Ashoksinh Jadeja.
The mining of Ordinary Sand is proposed in the Bhadra river having a lease area of 4 ha and a proposed production capacity of 43,360 MTPA.
Type of Land Area (Ha) River 4.00 Ha
Table 8.1 – Coordinates of Proposed Project Pillar No. Latitude Longitude 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E
8.2 Objective To assess the natural replenishment of sand in the lease area using field investigation techniques.
8.3 Project Location 8.3.1 State of Gujarat The state of Gujarat is situated astride the Tropic of Cancer and forms an important part of the drylands of western India bordering the Thar Desert of the Indian subcontinent. The climatic conditions over the state are mainly influenced by the southwest monsoon and the topography. Most part of the state falls in a semi-arid climatic zone merging with the arid zone to the north and northwest. The monsoon rains are restricted to the period from June to September; the rest of the months are dry. The spatial distribution of rainfall is uneven, allowing distinct categorisation of the state into sub-humid, semi-arid, arid and extremely arid zones. The geological environment of Gujarat is the result of complex interactions between tectonism and sea level changes during the Cenozoic period. The basic framework of the landscape was formed due to sequential fragmentation of the western continental margin of the Indian plate during the Late Mesozoic as it collided with the Eurasian plate in the north (Biswas, 1987). The breakup of the margin resulted in the formation of the Kachchh, Cambay and Ambika rift
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP basins along the Delhi, Dharwar and Satpura trends. These basins have been the major diepocentres of western India and furnish classical examples of sedimentation in tectonically controlled environments. While a major part of the Tertiary sediments in these basins is of marine origin, Quaternary sedimentation has been largely fiuvial.
8.3.2 Rajkot District Rajkot district is situated in the central part of the Saurashtra Peninsula. The district head quarter is Rajkot city–largest city in Saurashtra. Itlies between the parallels of 21°31' & 23°10' North latitude and 70°2' & 71°30' East longitude situated at 25-300 m above sea level. The length from north to south of this territory is about 182.3 km and from east to west about 153.3 km. It is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Kachchh and the Little Rann of Kachchh, on the north-east by Surendranagar district, on the east by Bhavnagar district, on the south-east by Amreli district, on the west by Jamnagar district, on the south and south-west by Junagadh district. The total area of Rajkot district is 5.71% of the total geographical area of Gujarat State. For administrative convenience, the district has been divided into 14 talukas, 23 towns and 835 villages. It is the third largest district of Gujarat.
8.3.3 Bhadar River Plain The region spreads over the southern and southwestern parts of the district, occupying Upleta, Dhoraji, Jamkandorna, Jetpur talukas and parts of Gondal, Lodhika, Kotada Sangani and Jasdan talukas. It is enclosed by Rajkot Stony Waste Land and Vinchhiya Upland from north, by Amreli district from east, by Junagadh district from south and by Jamnagar district from west. The Plain is formed by Bhadar River and its tributaries. The eastern part of the region is above 200 m while the western part has an altitude of 100 m above mean sea level. The general slope of the region is towards south-west. The geological structure of the region is composed of Deccan Trap and Trap dykes. The region is one of the most fertile in the district.
8.3.4 Bhadar River The Bhadar is one of the major rivers of Kathaiwar (Saurashtra) peninsula in Gujarat. It originates near Vaddi (Aniali Village) about 26 km north – west of Jasdan in Rajkot district at an elevation of 261 m above mean sea level. It flows towards South up to Jasdan and turns towards south - west upto Jetpur and finally changes its direction towards west till its confluence with Arabian sea at Naviobandar (Porbandar). The total length of this river is 198 km. It has a drainage area of 7094 km2. The basin lies between geographical co-ordinates of 21°25' and 22°0' north latitudes and 69°45' and 71°20' east longitudes. It drains about 1/7th of the area of Saurashtra.
The Bhadar receives several tributaries on both the banks. There are 9 major tributaries having lengths more than 25 km out of which 6 tributaries namely Gandali, Chapparwadi, Phopal, Utawali, Moj and Venu are feeding from the right and the remaining 3 tributaries namely Vasavadi, Surwa and Galolio from the left. The drainage system of the river on right bank is more extensive as compared to the left bank.
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The average rainfall in Bhadar basin is 625 mm. In winter the temperature varies between 4 °C and 15 °C in different Parts of the region. May is the hottest month. Maximum temperature varies between 40 °C and 45 °C. At present, there are 12 completed structures, either reservoirs or weirs, in Bhadar catchment.
Fig. 8.1 – Bhadar River
Fig. 8.2 – Site Specific Geomorphic Map with Exploratory Pit and Lease Area
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There is only one monitoring station for gauge-discharge and sediment load analysis in this basin, which is near the mouth of river in plains of Rajkot district at Ganod.
8.4 Climate The climate of this district is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in the non-rainy seasons. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cycle of the year seasons consists of winter from December to February followed by the summer from March to June. The monsoon generally sets in sometimes during the second week of June and lasts up to about the last week of September. The monsoon is followed by a short autumn from late September to November. During the south-west monsoon, season the relative humidities are generally over 60%. In the rest of the year the air is comparatively dry with afternoon humidities ranging between 20 to 30%.
Fig. 8.3 – Climate of Rajkot District
8.5 Local Geology The mine area is having flat topography, which are surrounded by the fine to coarse grained sandy soil overlaying the sand deposit. The maximum height in this area is 24.85 mRL and the lowermost 23.02 mRL in the Bhadar river bed. The river is non perennial and runs only in rainy season and is almost dry in summer. Water bodies in the surrounding area are very less in the numbers and are scattered with small dimensions and have shallow depths. Such type of water bodies are generally visible near by the check dams and other natural obstacles of basement
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP rocks can be seen. In some parts of riverbed, boulders of weathered rocks and exposure of basement rock can be seen There is no other village in the near vicinity, however Upleta and Dumiyani etc. villages are situated in surrounding mine area. The mine area does not fall in any forest or reserve forest area. Soil and agricultural land is available nearby the river area. Only few starter trees and shrubs are found in the surrounding area. The main crops around the area are Wheat, Kapas, Vegetable etc. the pet animals like cow, ox and goat are taimed by the villagers. No other wild animals are found in the area. The geology of the mine area and nearby has been studied on the basis of exposure of the surface out corps. geologically the mine area belong to quaternary of undifferentiated alluvial and fluvial sediments of Rann deposits. Ordinary sand is found in the Bhadar riverbed having thickness of 2.5 to 3 m. This bed is dry and water flows only during the rainy season river flow is in western direction.
8.6 Summary of Reserves as per Approved Mine Plan Reserves of the area or estimated as UNFC parameters. River sand have been deposited/mineralized in the form of stratified deposit. Mineralization is found in the entire bed. The ordinary sand is brought by flood waters from upstream side and naturally deposited when the water current in the rivers flows down. In the area one limit is demarcated i.e. UNFC– 111 reserve (Proved Reserve) because mining has been restricted to 2 m deep only for safety reason. The mineral is also proved in depth up to 2.5 to 3 m in ordinary bed and entire dry river area. During geological mapping entire river is considered as mineralization zone. The volume that obtained is multiplied by the IBD 2.70 to obtain geological reserves in tonnes.
Reserve = Plan Area of Mineralization X Depth X Recovery Percentage X IBD
Table 8.2 – Mine Site Details S. Parameter Detail No. 1 Name of River Bhadar River 2 Area 4 Ha 3 Proved Depth 2.5-3 m 4 Bulk Density 2.7 kg/m3
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Table 8.3 – Year Wise Development and Production of Proposed Project Tentative Mineral Pit Top Soil OB/SB/IB ROM ROM/Waste Year Excavation Reject No. (cum) (cum) (MTPA) Ratio (cum) (cum) I 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 II 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 III 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 IV 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0 V 1 8,672 0 0 43,360 0 1:0
8.7 Replenishment Study The rate of gross or absolute sand/silt production bracket erosion in the watershed area, the ability of the system to transfer the eroded material and then to a reservoir has direct relation with the quantity of sediment delivered into a reservoir. The rate of erosion depends upon several factors like climate, tectonic, vegetation, topography etc. Hydrodynamic conditions also play a role in the transportation of the sediments. It has also been observed that if the channel width is increased, sediment production is decreased and for larger watersheds the variation is lesser between the rates. Larger watershed presents more opportunities for depositing of sand/silt during is transport from the point of production. The watershed with maximum land use class of forest generate very low rate of production unless the forest is degraded or open forest. The cultivated watersheds with unscientific farming produce very high rate of silt production. The total amount of eroded material, which reaches a particular hydraulic control point is termed as sediment yield. The sediment control of in flow is governed by character of run-off, susceptibility of soils, the extent and density of vegetative cover in the area and the hydraulic efficiency of the drainage system. Rotational mining should be adopted to facilitate the replenishment of the excavated pits during rainy season. The total mineable area can be divided into five blocks, i.e. upstream block and downstream block. The mining of these blocks is suggested on rotational basis in such a way that pits of previous years’ mining will act as depository pits for the upcoming monsoon season. Sand can then be mined from the said segment during one year in a manner that the more than the extracted quantity is automatically replenished by rainfall in the monsoon by the river on the account of its flow and velocity.
8.7.1 Source of Ordinary Sand in Proposed River Bed Area The Bhadar is one of the major rivers of Kathaiwar (Saurashtra) peninsula in Gujarat. It originates near Vaddi (Aniali Village) about 26 km north – west of Jasdan in Rajkot district at an elevation of 261 m above mean sea level. The total length of this river is 198 km. It has a catchment area of 7094 km2 out of which 706 km2 is in hilly and the rest in plain regions of Saurashtra. The Bhadar receives several tributaries on both the banks. There are 9 major tributaries having lengths more than 25 km out of which 6 tributaries namely Gandali, Chapparwadi, Phopal, Utawali, Moj and Venu are feeding from the right and the remaining 3 tributaries namely
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
Vasavadi, Surwa and Galolio from the left. The drainage system of the river on right bank is more extensive as compared to the left bank. The average rainfall in Bhadar basin is 625 mm.
8.7.2 Method of Replenishment Study In order to assess the replenishment rate for sand, at the lease site, a small pit of 2.5 m was dug summer 2020 and kept open for the field survey of winter 2020. Based on the field survey, the pit was found to be re-filled at the river bed level. The primary cause of this replenishment was high intensity rainfall in the catchment area of Bhadra River, as well as th lack of cohesive deep rooted vegetation in the nearby upstream regains which leads to intense erosion of sand from such zones to the project site. The lease area is also situated in an area covered with vegetation which enhances the sand trapping capacity of this microenvironment in river dynamics. Hence the lease area is more susceptible to aggradation by the river naturally, leading to rapid natural replenishment of sand during high discharge conditions.
8.7.3 Conclusion The replenishment of sand has been calculated by amount of sand deposited in the post monsoon season in an exploratory pit dug prior to the survey season. The replenishment of 2.5 m of pit was 100% (± 10%) during one complete season of 2020. The highest production of the proposed project of 43,360 MTPA is less than the replenishment capacity of the river.
Table 8.4 – Replenishment Rate for the Proposed Project S. Parameter Details No. 1 Total Lease Area 4 Ha 2 Production Capacity 43,360 MTPA (ROM) 3 Estimated Annual Replenishment 100 % (± 10%) of production capacity Replenishment Status vis-à-vis Planned Replenishment more than planned 4 Production production
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CHAPTER-9 PROJECT BENEFITS
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 9 – PROJECT BENEFITS
9.1 General The proposed project is extraction of river bed sand; it shall have no major impact on surrounding environment. The proposed activity shall provide raw material to various industries, thereby boosting overall improvement in economic growth of the state.
9.2 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure The impact on the civic amenities after the commencement of mining activities is likely to be substantial. The basic requirements of the community needs will be strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township for the community, providing drinking water to the villages, building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. The proponent will initiate the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities. Medical facilities will be provided in the form of first-aid facility at the mine. These medical facilities will also be available to local people in the surrounding in case of emergencies.
9.3 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure 1. Employment generation and improved standard of living. 2. Increased revenue to the State in the form of royalty, taxes and duties. 3. Communicationand transport facilities etc. 4. In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants – a) There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area. b) The proposed project will enhance the prospects of employment. Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed project will be from the nearby villages. c) The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc. d) Overall, the proposed project will change living standards of the people and improve the socio-economic conditions of the areas.
9.4 Employment Potential Employment generation will be the major benefit to the society. The number of unskilled labours may increase depending on the quantum of overburden removal. The mine lease will directly employ 6 personnel for mine operation. Apart from this proposed project it is expected to generate substantial indirect employment in other sectors such as transportation, service units, small shops and other service providers etc. The details of employment are given in Chapter 2 – Project Description. The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of proposed project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the areas. In addition to the above, contractual labor and indirect employment opportunities will also be getting benefited after installation of mining project.
9.5 Socio-Economic Benefits The benefits of cluster mining activity will be similar to any industrial set-up. There will be opportunities of direct and indirect employments. However, the operations being semi mechanized will not generate large scale direct employment. As mentioned earlier there will be
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP around 6 personnel, most of them will be skilled or semi-skilled & unskilled workers. Regular health check-up of the labor will be done.
9.6 Conclusion As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed project is not likely to cause any significant adverse impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the areas will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigation technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the proposed project.
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CHAPTER-10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 10 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 General The EMP is required to ensure sustainable development in the study areas. This chapter covers cause of pollution, main source of pollution, nature of pollution proposed mitigative measures for that pollution. The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of the proposed project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The present EMP addresses, the components of environment, which are likely to be affected by the different operations in the proposed mining project. The objectives of EMP are as follows – 1. Overall conservation of environment. 2. Minimization of waste generation and pollution. 3. Judicious use of natural resources and water. 4. Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace. 5. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. 6. Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents. 7. Monitoring of cumulative and long-term impacts. 8. Ensure effective operation of all control measures.
10.2 Environment Management System 10.2.1 Policy Proponents have a well laid down Safety Health and Environment Policy. The Policy prescribes for comply with all applicable safety, health and environment laws and regulations. 1. Comply with all applicable safety, health and environment laws and regulations. 2. Enhance safety, health and environment awareness among employees through effective communication and training. 3. Investigate all workplace incidents and illness in order to promptly correct any unsafe conditions or practices.
10.2.2 Environment Cell Proponent has a well-established Environmental Management System. The flow chart of EMC is given below.
10.2.3 Proposed Environmental Management Plan The EMP is prepared with a view to facilitate effective environmental management of the proposed project, in general and implementation of the mitigation measures in particular. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented – 1. A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions). 2. The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action. 3. The timing for implementation of action to ensure the objectives of mitigation is fully met. In order to minimize impacts of mining on different environmental parameters and to keep air and water quality within prescribed limits of CPCB, an EMP has been prepared. This will help in resolving all environmental and ecological issues due to mining in the area. The EMP
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP includes all preventive as well as mitigation measures to minimize impact on environment along-with reclamation and rehabilitation measures form in and out land.
Mine Agent
Mine Manager
Environmental Engineer
Air and Pollution Control Management
Liasoning with state and central statutory agency and committe
Fig. 10.1 – Organization Structure for Environment Management
10.3 Waste Management No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed.
10.4 Air Pollution Management and Control Overall air quality of the lease areas as well in the buffer zone of the cluster are well within permissible limit. Dust emissions due to mineral handling, during mining operations are not much and it is restricted to the lease areas only. Air pollution is caused mainly due to dust generation added with gaseous emission from transportation activities along with mining operation like loading, haulage etc.
10.4.1 Control of Fugitive Emissions and Gaseous Pollution To control the fugitive emissions and to minimize the adverse impact on air quality the following measures will be taken – 1. Dust suppression will regularly be done through water spraying on haul roads. 2. Regular maintenance of machineries will be done at suitable interval to prevent gaseous pollution. 3. Good maintenance and monitoring of fuel and oil will not allow significant addition in the gaseous emission. 4. Periodic maintenance, levelling and smoothening of haulage roads shall be carried out. 5. PPE like dust mask etc. will be provided to the workers likely to be exposed in dusty environment. 6. Regular health check-ups of the workers will be done and record maintained. 7. Ambient air quality monitoring will be conducted on regularly basis to assess the quality of ambient air. 8. Development of green belt/plantation around the lease boundary, roads etc.
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10.5 Water Management and Control 10.5.1 Surface Water Management The following measures will be taken for surface water management – 1. Mines will be closed during the rains. 2. No diversion is proposed. There will not be any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 3. No washing of equipments will be done inside the mining lease areas. 4. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 5. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
10.5.2 Ground Water Management The following measures will be taken for ground water management – 1. No mining within 45 m radius from each water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either side of existing culverts will be carried out. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level where as the ground water table exists 7-10 m below the surface. Therefore, the ground water table will not be intersected. 3. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 10.5.3 Details of Water Conservation Measures Proposed The following measures are proposed to be taken continuously to reduce the adverse impact on water quality – 1. No washing of equipments will be done inside the mining lease areas. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level where as the ground water table exists 7-10 m below the surface. Therefore, the ground water table will not be intersected. 3. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
10.6 Noise Pollution 10.6.1 Noise Abattement and Control 1. Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to reduce the generation of noise. 2. Adequate silencers will be provided in all the diesel engines. 3. Plantation along the sides of mine area will be done to minimize the propagation of noise. 4. PPE like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone. 5. Periodical noise level monitoring will be done.
In all the operations related to mineral extraction, noise will be generated, which increases the ambient noise level of the area but due to continuous monitoring as well as proper maintenance, lubrication, optimum operation of various machines and vehilces, the noise levels will be kept within permissible safe limits.
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10.6.1.1 Mitigation Measures The following measures are proposed to be allowed to keep the noise levels within the permissible limits – 1. Peripheral plantation will be done to screen noise. Greenbelt development will also be carried out. 2. Periodic maintenance of machinery and vehicles. 3. Reducing the exposure time of workers to the high noise levels. 4. Regular monitoring of noise levels will be carried out at different location and necessary action will be taken for improvements as per requirements. 5. Mining operation will be carried out during day light hour only to avoid high noise intensity in night time.
10.7 Biological Management Measures There is a requirement to establish a stable ecosystem with both ecological and economic returns. Minimization of soil erosion and dust pollution enhances the beauty of the core and the buffer zone. To achieve this, it is planned to increase plantation activities. The basic objectives of plantation are as follows – 1. Improvement of soil quality. 2. Quick vegetative cover to check soil erosion. 3. Improvement in mining site stability. 4. Conservation of biological diversity. 5. As dust receptor which is likely to produce during mining operations.
10.8 Greenbelt Development Plan Greenbelt development programme will be designed within the natural constraints of the site and in particular species selection reflects flora known to be resistant to the local conditions. Green plants form a surface which is capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming sinks for pollutants. It improves the aesthetic value of local environment. Under the proposed project, green belt has been planned with emphasis on creating biodiversity; enhance natural surroundings and mitigating pollution. The greenbelt development plan aims to overall improvement in the environmental conditions of the region. The plan with a five-fold objective addresses issues such as providing sink for air pollutants likely to emitted from the project; enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region; providing aesthetic value to the project area enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area; and to a large proportion in combating soil erosion.
Greenbelt development is necessary for – 1. Landscaping and providing shelter. 2. Improvement in site conditions. 3. Surface air purification by providing oxygen and letting SPM to settle on the leaves. 4. To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery. 5. To check soil erosion.
The following characteristics will be taken into consideration while selecting plant species for green belt development and tree plantation – 1. They should be local indigenous and drought resistant species. 2. They should be fast growing and tall trees. 3. They should be perennial and evergreen. 4. They should have thick canopy cover.
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5. The planting should be in appropriate alternate rows around the site to prevent lateral pollution dispersion. 6. The trees should maintain regional ecological balance and conform to soil and hydrological conditions. Indigenous species should be preferred. 7. Species will be planted as per CPCB guidelines and native species.
10.9 Plantation Programme The proposed mining activities will not have any impacts like loss of true forest habitat and associated floral and faunal diversity. It is proposed to carry out afforestation program mainly in mine lease area earmarked for plantation program as per Mining Plan approved by the Indian Bureau of Mines in different phases. This habitat improvement program would ensure the faunal species to re-colonies and improve the abundance status in the core zone.
10.9.1 Post Plantation Care The post plantation care will be an important aspect to be taken care of for better survival rate of plantation. The following care will be taken – 1. Fencing: It will be provided around the area where mass plantation has been proposed. This will help in preventing cattle from entering in to such area and will protect unauthorized entry of out-side person. 2. Watering in During Dry Spell: During dry spell, water will be sprinkled using water tanker provided with hose pipes. 3. Manuring: Initially fertilizer/manure will be given to the plants before and after plantation. Thereafter, manuring will be continued on reduced scale till the plant attains growth of 2 to 3 m height. Provision of utilizing bio-manure will also be made within the lease areas. 4. Weeding and Soil Working: Man power will be engaged in mulching the soil frequently along with removal of weeds.
10.10 Occupational Hazards and Safety Occupational health and safety is very closely related to productivity and good employer- employee relationship. The factors of occupational health in the proposed project are mainly dust and land degradation. Safety of employees during operation and maintenance etc. shall be as per mines rules and regulations. Occupational hazards involved in mines are related to dust pollution, noise pollution and injuries from equipments and fall from high places. DGMS has given necessary guidelines for safety against these occupational hazards. The management will strictly follow these guidelines. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The mine will be well equipped with proper fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics will be trained to handle fire-fighting equipments. Further all the necessary protective equipments such as helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. will be provided to persons working in mines as per Mines Rules, 1955. Initial medical examination will be carried out prior to employment of every person and periodical medical examination will be carried out of persons employed in the mine once in five years. Provided that in case any dust related disease needs to be confirmed, the pertaining tests may be conducted more frequently as the examining authority deems necessary. To avoid any adverse effect on the health of workers due to various pollutants, sufficient measures relating to safety and health will also be practiced –
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1. Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, portable toilets etc. 2. All safety measures like use of safety appliances, such as dust masks, helmets, shoes, non breakable goggles, knee pads, as the case may be, shall be ensured. Safety awareness programs, awards, posters, slogans related to safety etc. will be encouraged. 3. Training of employees for use of safety appliances and first aid in vocational training center. 4. Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers’ guidelines. 5. Periodical medical examination of all workers by a medical officer. 6. First aid facility will be provided at the mine site. 7. Close surveillance of the factors in working environment and work practices which may affect environment and worker’s health. 8. Working of mine as per approved mining plans and environmental plans.
10.11 Socio-Economic Conditions of the Region The proposed project will create employment opportunities for a number of people directly and indirectly. Mining operations will give direct employment and associated activities like transportation, trading etc. will generate indirect employment, thereby improving the status of the peripheral local communities whose living standards will go up considerably due to good income levels. The social status and standards of life of local population will change with greater inflow of financial and material resources. This is bound to improve the economic conditions of the people in and around the project area. According to corporate social responsibility local needs of facilities like school, crèche, hospital, veterinary hospital, sanitation, drinking water etc. shall be considered positively and will provide financial assistance as per necessity. Vocational training programme will be conducted for the skills improvement and in manner of sustainable development.
10.12 Cost of Environment Control Measures As a part of its responsibility towards protection of environment, project proponent will allocate budget for environment protection measures. The same is detailed in the following table –
Table 10.1 – Proposed Activities and Budget Allocated for Environment Management S. Recurring Cost Particulars No. (Rs. Lakhs) 1 Air and Noise Pollution Management Plan a. Dust Control 17.40 b. Environmental Monitoring (Yearly) 0.20 c. Green Belt Development 0.30 2 Water Pollution Management Plan a. Rainwater Harvesting 0.10 b. Environmental Monitoring (Yearly) 0.20 c. Slurry management 0.20 3 Soil Pollution Management Plan 0.20 a. Environmental Monitoring (Yearly) 4 Awareness programme a. Pamphlet distribution 0.10 b. Nukkad Natak 0.15
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c. Wall painting and slogan writing 0.20 d. Audio/Video pictures for safe environment 0.20 5 Promotion of better health
a. Periodical health check up of Labours 0.25 b. Periodical health check up of Villagers (Eye test + Blood 0.45 test + Respiratory) 6 Hygiene and Sanitation a. Distribution of sanitary pads to locals 0.40 b. Awareness programme 0.50 Total 20.85
10.13 Corporate Environmental Policy The CER budget for Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is given below –
Table 10.2 – CER Budget for The Proposed Project S. Fund allocated Activities No. (Rs. Lakhs) Upgradation of School (Painting + Blackboards + Benches + 1 0.5 Desks) 2 Water Cooler for School 0.5 3 Solar based Street Lights in villages 1.0 Total 2.0
10.14 Conclusion As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed project is not likely to cause any significant impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the areas will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the project.
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CHAPTER-11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 11 – SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
11.1 Introduction The proposed project of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 is spread over an area of 4 Ha (cumulative area). The maximum annual production of the proposed project is 43,360 MTPA.
Pertaining to the MoEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th January 2016 and S.O. 2269 (E) of 1st July 2016, MoEF&CC OM (F. No. L-11-11/175/2018-IA-II (M) dated 12th December 2018 and SEAC, Gujarat Office Letter (Ref. No. EIA-10-2019/SEAC/GEN/59/19/507) dated 1st February 2019 the proposed project of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 falls under the perview of Environmental Clearance by means of Cluster. The proposed project falls under Category B1 & Schedule 1 (a) of Mining of Minerals.
11.2 Details About the Project The brief detail of the proposed project is given in the table below –
Table 11.1 – Brief Description of The Project S. Details of Project Description No. 1 Mine Leases Area 4 Ha 2 Proposed Production 43,360 MTPA 3 Excavation Proposed 5 years 4 Leasee S. Mine Leasee Contact Details No. Shri Village Upleta, District Upleta, Dhruvrajsinh Gujarat - 360490 1 Ashoksinh Mobile No. 9974111101, Email ID - Jadeja [email protected] Pillar Boundary Latitude Longitude No. 1 21°44'7.95"N 70°18'47.87"E 2 21°44'17.11"N 70°19'1.25"E 3 21°44'15.16"N 70°19'2.97"E 4 21°44'5.63"N 70°18'49.83"E 7 Type of Land Riverbed 8 Minerals of Mine Ordinary Sand 9 Topo-Sheet Number F42Q01, F42Q02, F42Q05 and F42Q06 10 Project Cost Rs. 32.63 Lakhs 11 No of Working Days 300
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11.3 Air Environment
Table 11.2 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Air Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Dust generation due to loading and 1. The speed of trucks on haul road will be transportation of mineral. controlled as increased speed increases 2. Wind erosion of exposed material. dust emissions. Overloading of transport vehicles will be avoided. The trucks/tippers will have sufficient free board. Spillage, if any of mineral on public roads will be cleared immediately and vehicles will play at safe speed. 2. Planting of trees all along main mine haul road and regular grading of haul roads will be practiced to prevent the generation of dust due to movement of dumpers/trucks. Green belt of adequate width will be developed around the lease area. 3. Regular monitoring of air at specified locations will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
11.4 Water Environment
Table 11.3 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Water Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures 1. Intersection of water table. 1. No mining within 45 m radius from each water well, funeral ground and upto 45 m on either side of existing culverts will be carried out. 2. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level where as the ground water table exists 7-10 m below the surface. Therefore, the ground water table will not be intersected. 3. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 2. Discharge into the river. 1. Mines will be closed during the rains. 2. No diversion is proposed. There will not be any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 3. No washing of equipments will be done inside the mining lease areas.
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4. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 5. Regular monitoring of surface water and ground water will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project. 4. Flow pattern might be changed due to 1. No diversion is proposed. There will not river bed mining. be any adverse impact on flow pattern, surface hydrology and ground water regime. 2. No waste material will be removed. However, rock pebbles and small boulders will be stacked separately to make retaining wall in a manner that flow of water do not get disturbed. 3. Mining will be restricted to 1.5-2 m of from the ground level, which will not cause much change in flow pattern of the river.
11.5 Noise Environment
Table 11.4 – Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Impacts 1. Noise impact due to mining activities. 1. No other equipments except the 2. Noise impact due to vehicular movement. transportation vehicles and excavator for loading will be allowed. 2. Proper maintenance of all equipments/ machines will be carried out which will help in reducing noise during operations. 3. Plantation will be taken up along the approach roads and vicinity of river bank. 4. Ear muffs will be provided to the workers while working on mining equipments. 5. Regular health checkups will be conducted for the worked. 6. Regular noise monitoring will be done to ensure there is no adverse impact due to the mining project.
11.6 Waste Management During the plan period, no surface OB/waste material is expected to be excavated. Some cobble may occur in the riverbed. The cobble shall again be put in the riverbed. Thus, external dump is proposed. The project shall strive to adopt zero waste mining concepts by reducing the quantum of reject
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Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP through technological innocation or finding its use through perspective buyers. (Source: Approved Mine Plan)
11.7 Greenbelt Development Green belt development will be done in 33% of total mine lease area at 1 plant per 5 m2 of land. Saplings will be planted in suitable locations after consultation with Gram Panchayat and forest department. Green belt development reduces noise level, reduces gaseous pollution and particulate matter pollution.
11.8 Conclusion As per above discussion there is no major impact on the environment due to mining except fugitive emission in the form of dust generation during handling and loading of mineral. The adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Plantation development will be carried out in the along the approach roads, around Govt. Buildings, Schools, etc. It will prove an effective pollution mitigate technique and help avoid soil erosion during monsoon season. Employment opportunities will be provided to the locals as extraction of mineral from the mine site. Overall, the proposed project will have positive impact for socio-economic development of nearby communities.
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CHAPTER-12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 Draft EIA/EMP
CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
12.1 General Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2 having an area of 4 Ha near village Upleta Taluka Upleta, District Rajkot, Gujarat (Category – B1). I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Consultant Geogreen Enviro House Pvt Ltd, Lucknow NABET/EIA/1720/IA0023 dated 31st May 2017
Name Dr. Vijay Kumar Mishra Contact Details: 0522-2339000, 09415215163
Signature and Date
12.2 List of Functional Area Experts
S. Functional Involvement Signature and Name of the Expert/s No. Areas (Period and Task) Date
1 AP Pawan Sut Sharma March 2018-Present
Saroj Singh
2 WP Dr. B.P Giri March 2018-Present
Mr. Sumit Verma
Partho S. Mukherjee
3 SHW Dr. B.P Giri March 2018-Present
Mr.Sumit Verma
4 SE Dr. V.K. Mishra March 2018-Present
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5 EB Dr. Fauzia Siddiqui March 2018-Present
6 HG Dr. V.K. Mishra March 2018-Present
7 GEO Dr. V.K. Mishra March 2018-Present
8 SC Dr. Tulsi Ram Rathore March 2018-Present
Partho S. Mukherjee 9 AQ March 2018-Present
Mr. Sumit Verma
10 NV Pawan Sut Sharma March 2018-Present
11 LU Dr. Ajay Mishra March 2018-Present
12 RH Pawan Sut Sharma March 2018-Present
12.3 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person I, Dr. Vijay Kumar Mishra, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA of Upleta Ordinary Sand Block – C.2, Area – 4 Ha, Category-B1, Mineral- River Bed Sand, near Village Upleta, Tehsil Upleta, District Rajkot, Gujarat.
I also confirm that EIA Coordinator (EC) has gone through the report, and the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information. It is certified that no unethical practices, plagiarism involved in carrying out the work and external data / text has not been used without proper acknowledgement while preparing this EIA report.
Signature
Name Dr. Vijay Kumar Mishra
Designation Director
Name of the EIA Consultant Geogreen Enviro House Pvt Ltd, Lucknow Organisation
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NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date NABET/EIA/1720/IA0023 dated 31st May 2017
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