Programm EUROPAS GERECHTIGKEIT 8. Donnerstag, 19. November - Freitag, 20. November 2015

Programme Annual 8th Conference EUROPE’S JUSTICE of the Cluster of Excellence Thursday, November 19th - Friday, November 20th, 2015 "The Formation of Normative Orders"

Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Haus „Normative Ordnungen“, Campus Westend Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Building “Normative Orders“, Campus Westend 1 2 Vorwort nance, Berlin) sind das (der zeitlichen Reihenfolge Preface to be able to welcome a number of esteemed and ihrer Vorträge folgend) Prof. Kalypso Nicolaïdis distinguished guest speakers to our conference: Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Dear Colleagues, (Oxford University), Prof. Francesco Mongelli (EZB, in addition to Prof. Claus Offe (Hertie School of sehr geehrte Studierende, Students, Goethe-Universität), Prof. John Milios (National Governance, Berlin), we welcome (in the order in sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, Ladies and Gentleman, Technical University of Athens), Prof. Dr. Hartmut which they will speak) Prof. Kalypso Nicolaidis (Ox- . Kaelble (Humboldt-Universität, Berlin) und Prof. ford University), Prof. Francesco Mongelli (ECB, wir möchten Sie herzlich zur 8. Jahreskonferenz we cordially welcome you to the 8th annual confe- Helene Sjursen (Arena Centre for European Studies, Goethe University), Prof. John Milios (National des Frankfurter Exzellenzclusters „Die Herausbil- rence of the Cluster of Excellence “The Formation Oslo). Von Seiten des Clusters und seiner Partner Technical University of Athens), Prof. Dr. Hartmut dung normativer Ordnungen“ begrüßen. Der dies- of Normative Orders.” This year’s title is “Europe’s wird es Beiträge geben von Dr. Lisa Herzog, Prof. Kaelble (Humboldt University, Berlin) and Prof. jährige Titel lautet „Europas Gerechtigkeit“ – ein Justice” – a topic whose timeliness needs no spe- Dr. Christoph Burchard, Dr. Kolja Möller, Prof. Dr. Helene Sjursen (Arena Centre for European Stu- Thema, dessen Aktualität wir nicht gesondert be- cial justifi cation. For the question of what consti- Susanne Schröter, Dr. Kerstin Weiand, Prof. Dr. Ha- dies, Oslo). From among the members of the Cluster gründen müssen. Denn was die Europäische Union tutes the European Union as a “Normative Order” is rald Müller (HSFK) und Dr. Michael Ioannidis (MPI and our partners we will have contributions from als „normative Ordnung“ ausmacht, fragen wir one that we have been asking ourselves intently for Heidelberg). Moderiert werden die Panels von Prof. Dr. Lisa Herzog, Prof. Dr. Christoph Burchard, Dr. uns seit einiger Zeit intensiv, als Bürgerinnen und some time, both as citizens and researchers. Dr. Rainer Forst, Prof. Dr. Klaus Günther, Prof. Dr. Kolja Möller, Prof. Dr. Susanne Schröter, Dr. Kerstin Bürger, Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler. Rainer Klump (Universität Luxemburg), Rebecca C. Weiand, Prof. Dr. Harald Müller (PRIF) and Dr. Mi- As is common in our annual conferences, three of Schmidt, Dr. Dominik Müller und Prof. Dr. Stefan chael Ioannidis (MPI Heidelberg). The panels will Drei der Panels sind wie auf den Jahreskonferenzen the conference’s panels have been allocated to the Kadelbach. be chaired by Prof. Dr. Rainer Forst, Prof. Dr. Klaus üblich angelehnt an die Forschungsfelder des Clus- research areas of the Cluster, focusing respectively Günther, Prof. Dr. Rainer Klump (Luxembourg Uni- ters und nehmen je die politisch-philosophische, on the political-philosophical, historical-ethnolo- Den Forschungsfeldkoordinatoren Andreas Fahr- versity), Rebecca C. Schmidt, Dr. Dominik Müller and historisch-ethnologische und juristische Dimen- gical and legal dimensions of a (possible) European meir, Gunter Hellmann, Stefan Kadelbach und Su- Prof. Dr. Stefan Kadelbach. sion einer (möglichen) europäischen Infrastruktur Infrastructure of Justice. They will be supplemented sanne Schröter möchten wir herzlich für die Orga- der Gerechtigkeit in den Blick. Sie werden ergänzt with a fourth panel that deals with the economic- nisation der Panels danken. Außerdem gilt unser We would also like to express our sincere gratitude von einem vierten Panel, das sich mit den ökono- fi nancial questions of the Eurozone, as well as with herzlicher Dank allen an der Realisierung dieser Ta- to the coordinators of the research areas Andreas misch-fi nanzwirtschaftlichen Fragen der Eurozone an evening lecture by Prof. Claus Offe that addresses gung Beteiligten, ganz besonders Jonathan Klein. Fahrmeir, Gunter Hellmann, Stefan Kadelbach and beschäftigt, sowie von einem Abendvortrag von the topic of “Schuldfragen in der europäischen Susanne Schröter for organizing the panels. Fur- Prof. Offe, der sich dem Thema „Schuldfragen in Schuldenkrise” (“Questions of Guilt in the Euro- Die folgenden Seiten dienen der Vorstellung un- thermore, we would like to cordially thank all those der europäischen Schuldenkrise“ zuwenden wird. pean Debt Crisis”). (The lecture will be in English, serer Referentinnen und Referenten, Chairs, Vor- who have contributed to realizing this conference, but the title remains in German because the shared träge und Panels. Wir wünschen Ihnen allen eine in particular Jonathan Klein. Die Jahreskonferenzen des Exzellenzclusters zielen root of the German words for guilt (Schuld) and debt interessante Konferenz, erkenntnisreiche Vorträge darauf ab, zentrale Themenstellungen unseres For- (Schulden) mean that it cannot be translated satis- und anregende Debatten! The following pages are intended to introduce the schungsnetzwerkes mit Gästen aus dem In- und factorily into English.) speakers, chairs, lectures and panels of this year’s Ausland zu diskutieren. Auch dieses Jahr schätzen Klaus Günther und Rainer Forst conference. We wish you all a stimulating confe- wir uns deswegen sehr glücklich, dass wir nam- The annual conferences of the Cluster of Excellence rence, instructive lectures and inspiring debates! hafte Gäste als Vortragende gewinnen konnten: aim to discuss central themes of our research net- neben Prof. Claus Offe (Hertie School of Gover- work with national and international guests. Thus Klaus Günther and Rainer Forst this year we again consider ourselves very lucky

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13:00 Uhr - 13:15 Uhr, Raum EG 01+02 / Prof. Dr. Christoph Burchard Dr. Kolja Möller (Goethe University) 1 p.m. – 1:15 p.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 (Goethe University) From the Constitutionalisation of Austerity to The Contexts of Europe as a Context of Destituent Power: Democratic Challenges in Eröffnung der Jahreskonferenz 2015: Donnerstag, Justice – in Light of the Administration of the Context of the Euro-Crisis EUROPAS GERECHTIGKEIT / Opening of the Criminal Justice Annual Conference 2015: EUROPE’S JUSTICE 19. November 18:00 Uhr – 20:00 Uhr, Raum EG 01+02 / Begrüßung / Opening Address 15:15 Uhr - 15:45 Uhr / 3:15 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. 6 p.m. – 8 p.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 Prof. Dr. Klaus Günther & Prof. Dr. Rainer Foyer im Erdgeschoss/ Ground fl oor Lobby 2015 / SCHULDFRAGEN IN DER EUROPÄISCHEN Forst (Directors of the Cluster of Excellence Kaffee und Kuchen / Coffee and Cake SCHULDENKRISE (lecture in English) “The Formation of Normative Orders“) Thursday, Abendvortrag / Keynote Prof. Dr. Claus Offe 15:45 Uhr - 17:45 Uhr, Raum EG 01+02 / 13:15 Uhr - 15:15 Uhr, Raum EG 01+02 / (Hertie School of Governance, Berlin) 3:45 p.m. – 17:45 p.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 November 1:15 p.m. – 3:15 p.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 Panel II: Panel I: KRISEN DER EUROZONE / CRISES OF THE 19th, 2015 EUROPA ALS GERECHTIGKEITSKONTEXT / EUROZONE EUROPE AS A CONTEXT OF JUSTICE Moderation/Chairs: Moderation/Chairs: Prof. Dr. Rainer Klump (Universität Prof. Dr. Rainer Forst & Prof. Dr. Klaus Luxembourg) & Rebecca C. Schmidt Günther (Directors of the Cluster of Excel- (Managing Director of the Cluster of Excel- lence “The Formation of Normative Orders“) lence “The Formation of Normative Orders“)

Prof. Kalypso Nicolaïdis Prof. Francesco Mongelli (ECB, Goethe Uni- (Oxford University) versity) & Jean-Francois Jamet (ECB) How can a Demoicratic Polity be Just? The How to Exit the Crisis: Refl ections on the 4 Puzzles of Solidarity, Reciprocity and Choice Unions. Why Do We Need Them? in the EU

Prof. John Milios Dr. Lisa Herzog (Goethe University) (National Technical University of Athens) Prices and Dignity in the Eurozone Crisis and Austerity. Is there a Chance for the Welfare State? 10:00 Uhr - 12:00 Uhr , Raum EG 01+02 / 13:00 Uhr - 15:00 Uhr, Raum EG 01+02 / Freitag, 20. 10 a.m. – 12 a.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 1 p.m. – 3 p.m., Ground fl oor Room 01+02 Panel III: Panel IV: November UNGLEICHHEITEN IN EUROPA / POLITIK UND GERECHTIGKEIT – ZUM INEQUALITIES IN EUROPE PROBLEM DER EU, GRENZEN DURCH Moderation / Chair: RECHTLICHE MITTEL ZU ZIEHEN / POLICIES 2015 / Dr. Dominik Müller (Goethe University) OF JUSTICE – ON THE EU’S PROBLEM WITH DRAWING BORDERS BY LEGAL MEANS Prof. Dr. Hartmut Kaelble (Humboldt Moderation / Chair: Friday, University Berlin) Prof. Dr. Stefan Kadelbach Warum milderte sich die soziale Ungleich- (Goethe University) November heit im westlichen Europa während des 20. Jahrhunderts ab? Prof. Helene Sjursen (Arena Centre for European Studies, Oslo) Prof. Dr. Susanne Schröter 20th, 2015 A Duty to Expand? The Question of Obligations (Goethe University) Towards “the Other” in a European Context Gerechtigkeit in der Einwanderungsgesell- schaft Prof. Dr. Harald Müller (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt) Dr. Kerstin Weiand International Political Justice in Europe: The (Goethe University) Distribution of Security and Opportunity for Ungleichheit als politisch-sozialer Spreng- Infl uence in Security Policy stoff? Zur (Un)ordnungsfunktion eines Strukturprinzips in der Frühen Neuzeit Dr. Michael Ioannidis (Max Planck Institute Heidelberg) Weak Members and the EU Rule of Law: The 12:00 Uhr - 13:00 Uhr: Raum 5.01 und Lounge / Case of Greece 12 a.m. – 1 p.m.: Room 5.01 and Lounge

Kleiner Mittagsimbiss / Lunch Snack 15:00 Uhr / 3 p.m.

Ende der Jahreskonferenz 2015 / End of the Annual Conference 2015

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Thursday, In times of crisis, we count on “normative orders” November 19th, 2015 to live up to their own standards of justice and legitimacy—or to revise those standards in light 1:15 p.m. – 3:15 p.m. of the challenges faced. But when it comes to Ground fl oor Room 01+02 the EU, there is massive disagreement as to what its standards of fairness, justice, and solidarity entail when it comes to solving fi nancial or other crises. This panel thus asks: What are the justi- fi catory standards by which we should measure EU policies, and how do we ground them? More precisely, what role does the EU play vis-à-vis na- Panel I: tional judicial systems and how can a European legal regime be justifi ed? How should the EU be EUROPE AS A CONTEXT understood as a polity, and what principles of OF JUSTICE social justice—or solidarity—does it encompass? Chair: Rainer Forst Rainer Forst is Professor of Political Theory and 2007, Columbia UP 2012), Justifi cation and Critique Philosophy at the Goethe University Frankfurt. (Suhrkamp 2011, Polity Press, 2013), The Power of Professor of Political Theory and Philosophy He is Co-Director of both the Research Cluster Tolerance (with W. Brown, Columbia UP 2014), on the ”Formation of Normative Orders”, and the Justice, Democracy and the Right to Justifi cation Co-Director of the Cluster of Excellence “The Centre for Advanced Studies “Justitia Amplifi - (with Replies by Critics; Bloomsbury 2014) and Formation of Normative Orders” cata” and is a member of the Directorate of the Normativität und Macht (Suhrkamp 2015). In 2012 Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Price of in Bad Homburg. He has previously taught at the the German Research Foundation. He is a member Free University Berlin, the New School for Social of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, Research in New York and Dartmouth College. His Associate Editor of Ethics, a member of the Exe- work in moral and political philosophy focuses on cutive Editorial Committee of Political Theory and questions of practical reason, justice and tolera- serves on the boards of numerous other interna- tion; his major publications are Contexts of Justice tional journals. He is co-editor of the book series (Suhrkamp 1994, Univ. of California Press 2002), “Theorie und Gesellschaft” and “Normative Orders” Toleration in Confl ict (Suhrkamp 2003, Cambridge (Campus). UP 2013), The Right to Justifi cation (Suhrkamp

Chair: Klaus Günther

Professor of Legal Theory, Criminal Law and Klaus Günther, born in 1957, is Professor of Legal group (Leibniz-Programme) with Jürgen Ha- Criminal Procedure Theory, Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure in the bermas, where he received his doctorate in 1987. Faculty of Law at the Goethe University Frankfurt. His habilitation in 1997 was followed by appoint- Co-Director of the Cluster of Excellence “The Since 2007 he has been Co-Director of the Cluster ments to professorships at the EUI Florence and Formation of Normative Orders” of Excellence “The Formation of Normative Orders” at the universities of Rostock and Zurich, which (with Rainer Forst). He is a member of the board he declined. of directors of the Institute for Social Research in His most important publications include: Der Sinn Frankfurt and Permanent Fellow of the Institute for für Angemessenheit (1988; English translation: Advanced Study in the Humanities of the Goethe The sense of Appropriateness, 1993; Portuguese University in Bad Homburg. translation 2004) and Schuld und kommunikative Klaus Günther studied philosophy and law in Freiheit (2005). Frankfurt. From 1983 to 1996 he was a research assistant and university assistant in Frankfurt in, inter alia, a DFG-funded legal theory working

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Lecture 1: In order to suggest a grounded normative assess- tice faithful to its commitment to national auto- tribution afforded by the recognition by some ment of Europe as a context of justice, I characte- nomy as well as to its progressively greater “to- (countries, peoples) of rules that disproportio- Kalypso Nicolaïdis: rize the European context as a demoicracy in the getherness.” What could be the building blocks nately favor others. Finally, we need to consider making, that is a Union of peoples who govern for such an approach? First, to respect the EU’s the extent to which the choice that is made to How can a Demoicratic together but not as one. In such a polity, we must liberal legitimacy these principles must not pre- belong to the EU or the Eurozone is effectively Polity be Just? The avoid two pitfalls. First that of apprehending so- empt the processes of democratic deliberation, constrained to different degrees for different cial justice between European peoples simply as both at the national and continental levels. actors, and therefore deserves to be treated at Puzzles of Solidarity, enlightened mutual advantage or reciprocity as Instead, they can serve as contested referents least partially in the same way as the kind of non- Reciprocity and Choice the price to pay for sustained cooperation. The in a variety of localized democratic debates over voluntary membership we fi nd in classic states second is to fall in the mimetic fallacy which con- the ends we deem desirable in the wielding of which leads to redistributive obligations. in the EU siders the EU as a polity akin to a state-writ-large political power. Second, to respect the EU’s di- with similar habits and rationale available to un- verse sociological make up, such principles must derpin the kind of socio-economic justice advo- be constrained by but not reduced to feelings of cated by John Rawls. solidarity. Third, in light of the EU’s powers and actions, such principles need to build on fair re- Instead, the EU needs to adopt principles of jus- ciprocity conditions to take into account the con-

Kalypso Nicolaïdis…

… is Professor of International Relations and Dutch government in 2004, the UK government, European Stories: Intellectual Debates on Europe director of the Center for International Studies the European Parliament, the European Commis- in National Context (ed w/ Lacroix, OUP, 2010). at the University of Oxford. She was previously sion, OECD and UNCTAD. She has published widely She is a graduate of Sciences-Po (1982) and re- associate professor at Harvard University’s Ken- on international relations, global governance, ceived her PhD from Harvard in 1993. More infor- nedy School of Government. She is chair of Sou- trade ethics, law and democracy promotion, as mation –including publications- can be found on theastern European Studies at Oxford and Council well as the internal and external aspects of Eu- her website: http://kalypsonicolaidis.com/ member of the European Council of Foreign ropean integration in numerous journals inclu- Relations. In 2012-2013, she was Emile Noel- ding Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The Journal Straus Senior Fellow at NYU Law School (2012- of Common Market Studies, Journal of European 2013). In 2008-2010, she was a member of the Public Policy and International Organization. Her Gonzales refl ection group on the future of Europe last books are Echoes of Empire: Memory, Identity 2030 set up by the European Council. She also and Colonial Legacies (ed w/ Sebe and Maas, IB served as advisor on European affairs to George Tauris), Normative Power Europe Revisited (ed w/ Papandreou in the 90s and early 2000s, the Whitman, Journal Confl ict and Cooperation) and Lecture 2: From its beginnings, the European Union has of prices, and of the institutions that can secure ducive to a dignifi ed life of all citizens. Institu- been both an aspirational political project and human dignity, in our societies. tions that secure the material basis for human di- Lisa Herzog: an economic project. But the relation between gnity, in contrast, need to be insulated from the political values and economic processes has not To put it provocatively: in questions of instituti- play of market forces. Here, the solidarity of citi- Prices and Dignity in always been clear. In this talk, I attempt to read onal design, dignity without prices is blind, while zens can and should fi nd its place – for example the Eurozone the crisis of the Eurozone through the lens of prices without dignity are empty. Prices have a in a European social insurance system that could the Kantian distinction between the notions of distinctive function in markets where they are be developed in a process of “democratic experi- “price” and “dignity”. In the architecture of the supposed to signal scarcities and to bring about mentalism” (Honneth) and institutional learning. Eurozone, prices and dignity are intertwined in an effi cient allocation, including an effi cient allo- complex ways: prices, especially prices in fi nan- cation of risks. They cannot do so unless the risks cial markets, were distorted by political mea- of bankruptcy or defaults are carried by investors sures, some of which were presented in a rhetoric rather than the general public. This perspective of dignity. Human dignity became the plaything also sheds light on how to defi ne the proper place of the forces of markets that put the material of markets in the Eurozone – not from the per- precondition for a life in dignity at risk. There- spective of property rights or economic liberties fore, we need to reconsider the place and role alone, but from a functional perspective, as con-

Lisa Herzog…

... is a postdoctoral researcher at the Cluster tive questions about economic institutions and “Normative Orders” and the Institut für Sozialfor- economic phenomena. Currently, she focuses schung, Frankfurt am Main, in the project “Moral on ethics in organizations and normative ques- agents in Financial Markets”. She studied philo- tions about the fi nancial system. Recent works sophy, economics, politics and modern history include “Ethik im Finanzsystem?” (Schwerpunkt at Munich and Oxford. She wrote her doctoral in WestEnd. Neue Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung thesis at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes 1-2015, 65-120, edited with Sighard Neckel), Scholar (Inventing the Market. Smith, Hegel, and “The Normative Stakes of Economic Growth. Why Political Theory, Oxford University Press 2013). Adam Smith does not rely on ‘trickle down’” In 2014/15 she was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the (Journal of Politics, accepted for publication), Center for Ethics in Society, Stanford University. and “The Goods of Work – (other than money!)” Her research interests lie at the intersection of (with Anca Gheaus, under review). philosophy and economics, including the history of economic and political thought and norma-

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Lecture 3: “Europe as a Context of Justice“ is after Europe sense) criminal justice “in” Europe; or more con- balances. And these checks and balances are in Christoph Burchard: as a justifi catory means, procedure or standard cretely, in the EU’s common space of freedom, turn provided for by European constitutional law for the governance by, with and for individuals. security and justice. In my eyes, different jus- (like the Charter of Fundamental Rights), which The Contexts of Therefore, “Europe as a Context of Justice“ is – tifi catory challenges and potentials (be they in thus becomes a justifi catory standard for the na- or so goes my foundational hypothesis – in need degree or in kind) come into play when we look tional administration of criminal justice. Europe as a Context of of further contextualization. For Europe unites e.g. to the supranational enforcement of EU an- Justice – in Light of divergent (vertical, horizontal or diagonal; na- titrust regulations, to a possible European Public tional, supranational or transnational) modes of Prosecutor’s Offi ce, or to the national administ- the Administration of governance, which need to be focused in detail ration of criminal justice in the Member States. Criminal Justice for their qualifi cation as just or unjust (e.g. in With regard to the latter, the European legal light of possible democratic defi cits or shortco- order becomes more and more important, espe- mings in the protection of human rights). cially when the Member States wield extraterri- torial powers via the mutual recognition principle In my contribution, I will exemplify the relevance (think of the European Arrest Warrant). For these of the contexts of Europe as a Context of Justice extraterritorial powers, which are facilitated by, with a view to the administration of (in the wider but not per se rooted in the EU, need checks and

Christoph Burchard…

... is Professor of Criminal Law and Procedure, ropeanization of criminal justice”, and has pub- International and European Criminal Justice, lished inter alia on the Internationalization and and Comparative Law and Legal Theory at the Europeanization of criminal justice in German, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. He is also Spanish and English, including in the Leiden a Principal Investigator at the Cluster of Excel- Journal of International Law, the New Journal of lence “The Formation of Normative Orders“. Pre- European Criminal Law and the Journal of Inter- viously, he was visiting professor at the Ludwig national Criminal Justice. His research focus lies Maximilians University Munich. He received his on the foundations of international and Euro- Dr. iur. from the University of Passau in 2007 pean criminal justice. More information – inclu- and his Habilitation from the University of Mu- ding publications – can be found on his website: nich in 2015. He also holds an LL.M. from NYU www.jura.uni-frankfurt.de/burchard. School of Law. He heads a research network, funded by the German Research Foundation, on the “role of comparative criminal law in the Eu- Thursday, at the same time attached strict conditions to with the so-called Troika, however, this govern- the receiving states. These conditions primarily ment accepted a reform package that consists to November 19th, 2015 concerned the implementation of economic re- a large extent of austerity measures. forms aimed at regaining the trust of the fi nan- 3:45 p.m. – 17:45 p.m. cial markets and boosting the competitiveness of This panel brings together contributions from eco- Ground fl oor Room 01+02 the respective economies. Yet, as the recession nomics, political economy and political theory worsened, the overall indebtedness of the states that seek to explore the ongoing crisis tendencies increased, and as the social fabric of the societies of and within the Eurozone. From their respective Shortly after the collapsing fi nancial markets was on the point of rupturing (specifi cally due viewpoints they ask how the framework of the had been rescued but the global economy had to extreme levels of unemployment, especially EU and the specifi c nature of the Eurozone have plunged into recession, the Eurozone became among young people) ever more actors began to contributed to these tendencies, as well as to the the center of economic turmoil. The sovereign oppose these prescribed reforms. In Greece a new answers offered to the crisis; how the framework of Panel II: debt crisis of several member states (Portugal, left-wing party (Syriza) rose to power with the economic governance within the Eurozone and the CRISES IN Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) was answered promise of ending what it referred to as the unde- EU may have changed in the course of the crisis; with the provision of European and international mocratic and unconstitutional politics of fi nancial and what prospects there are for dealing with the THE EUROZONE public loans on a hitherto unseen scale, which austerity. After fi ve months of fi erce negotiations various dimensions of the crisis in the future.

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Chair: Rebecca Caroline Schmidt

Rebecca Caroline Schmidt studied law focusing November 1st 2012, she has been managing di- on criminal law, criminal procedural law and rector of the Cluster of Excellence “The Forma- sentencing law at Goethe University Frankfurt tion of Normative Orders”. am Main. Between 2007 and 2012, she worked as a research associate with Professor Dr. Klaus Günther in the fi elds of legal theory, criminal law and criminal procedural law as well as from 2010 until 2012 as a research associate and research coordinator with Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Andreas von Hirsch focusing on the theory and ethics of cri- minal law. She gained legal experience as an in- tern with Freshfi elds Bruckhaus Deringer and ma- nagement experience as coordinator of several research projects at Goethe University. Since

Chair: Rainer Klump

Rainer Klump was born in 1958 in Darmstadt. He chair of the department of economic politics at studied economics at the universities in Mainz, the University Ulm. From 2000 to 2014 he was Paris I and Erlangen–Nuremberg and received his Professor for economics, development and in- PhD in 1986. In 1987 he was awarded the Heinz- tegration at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Maier-Leibnitz-Prize in economic politics. Subse- Main and principal investigator of the Cluster of quently he was a visiting researcher in the Inter- Excellence “The Formation of Normative Orders”. national Finance Division of the Federal Reserve Since January 2015 he is the president of Luxem- Board in Washington, DC. In 1991 he received his bourg University. ‘Habilitiation’ in economics.

Between 1992 and 1997 he was professor for eco- nomics and development at the University Würz- burg. From 1997 until 2000 he held the Ludwig- Erhard endowed professorship and a position as Lecture 1: We briefl y review various causes of the euro area in various regions. Global Trade and Growth are lows to deal with legacy for instance) but it takes crisis, examining in particular the fl aws in the in- slowing down especially in the BICS. Looking at more time (which is not necessarily there, parti- Francesco Mongelli: stitutional framework of the European Monetary Europe, reforms take time to display their positive cularly in crisis times) and in some cases it may Union. Based on this analysis we will then pro- effects. They must be completed, explained, and even not be optimal according to us (when there How to Exit the Crisis: vide an account of how the economic and fi nan- understood. And they are only as good as they are two-ways interdependencies). Packaging is a Refl ections on the 4 cial adjustments need to be accompanied by ins- are implemented. Not surprising that confi dence priori optimal but not always possible (consumes titutional reforms and new forms of governance. and some “European impetus” are still badly af- political capital and reforms do not all take the Unions. Why Do We Hence there is a lot of “repair work” ongoing. fected. Key issue today: there is agreement that same amount of time to be implemented). Need Them? Subsequently, the lecture provides an account of EMU’s architecture must be completed by advan- what has been done already (Fiscal Compact, ESM, cing along 4-Unions: fi scal, fi nancial, political Co-authored with Jean-Francois Jamet and recently SSM). Moreover, the Single Market and economic unions. There are many synergies (ECB) withstood the crisis as did monetary and fi nan- between these unions. But, there is also a poli- cial infrastructures. These are “shared assets”. tical economy problem behind these unions: in- Key question today: if so much has been done al- terdependencies between them suggests a need ready why are we still in a crisis? Consider that for sequencing or packaging but both have their there is also a global crisis with “debt-overhang” diffi culties. Sequencing is easier politically (al-

Francesco Mongelli… ... is Senior Adviser in the European Central functioning of EMU, the links between mone- Bank in the Directorate General Research, and tary policy and heterogeneity in the euro area, honorary Professor at the Johann Wolfgang and the links between economic integration and Goethe University of Frankfurt. He holds a institutional integration. He also teaches Eco- Master‘s degree and a Ph.D. in Economics from nomics of Monetary Unions at the Johann Wolf- the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. He gang Goethe University of Frankfurt. His papers has worked at the ECB since 1998 holding va- have been published in various journals, such as rious positions, including as organiser of the the Journal of Money Credit and Banking, the analytical agenda of DG Economics, editor of the Journal of Common Market Studies, Integration ECB Occasional Paper Series, and in Directorate and Trade, Economie Internationale, Bancaria, Monetary Policy. Prior to that he spent several and the Journal of Economic Integration. years as an economist at the International Mo- netary Fund in Washington. His main area of re- search pertains to the transmission of monetary policy impulses, the effects of the euro on the

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Lecture 2: After the outbreak of the 2008 global economic economic imbalances. In other words, austerity crisis, extreme austerity policies prevailed in is offered as alternative to economic instability. John Milios: many parts of the developed capitalist world, What is urgently needed is a progressive policy especially in the European Union (EU) and the setting that overrides this unfortunate trade-off. Crisis and Austerity. Is euro area (EA). Austerity has been criticized as The paper will address this issue mainly from the there a Chance for the an irrational policy, which further deteriorates viewpoint of political economy. the economic crisis by creating a vicious cycle Welfare State? of falling effective demand, recession and over- indebtedness. However, these criticisms can hardly explain why this ‘irrational’ or ‘wrong’ policy persists, despite its ‘failures’. The fi rst aim of the present paper is to give an answer to this discrepancy. The ‘unconventional’ role of the ECB, which does not function as a traditional lender of last resort, establishes a policy-making regime in which austerity is the only way to deal with

John Milios… ... is Professor of Political Economy and the merous international conferences. He has also History of Economic Thought at the National authored or co-authored some twelve scholarly Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. books. His most recent books in English are Re- He has authored more than two hundred (250) thinking Imperialism. A Study of Capitalist Rule papers published or forthcoming in refereed (Palgrave-Macmillan 2009, co-authored with journals (in Greek, English, German, French, D.P. Sotiropoulos) and A Political Economy of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese and Tur- Contemporary Capitalism and its Crisis. Demys- kish) including the Cambridge Journal of Eco- tifying Finance (Routledge 2013, co-authored nomics, History of Political Economy, History of with D.P. Sotiropoulos and S. Lapatsioras). He Economics Review, Review of Political Economy, is director of the quarterly journal of economic European Journal of the History of Economic theory Thesseis (published since 1982 in Greek) Thought, The American Journal of Economics and serves on the Editorial Boards of four scho- and Sociology, Science & Society, Rethinking larly journals. Marxism, Review of Radical Political Economics, and has participated as invited speaker in nu- Lecture 3: There is a widespread concern that European inte- deal with the profound abyss between the refe- gration is more than ever a technocratic process rence to „we-the-people“ as a central resource of Kolja Möller: which has lost its connection to the foundational political legitimation and the constitutionalisa- dimension of democracy. According to many ob- tion of austerity politics. In the light of the emer- From the servers, the powerful role of the European Central ging austerity constitution, constituent power Constitutionalisation Bank and the so-called “Troika” (ECB, European must be reframed as destituent power on the Eu- Commission and International Monetary Fund) as ropean level – a counter-power which aims at a of Austerity to well as the mandatory character of austerity po- re-negotiation of hegemonic structures. Destituent Power: litics as enshrined in the fi scal treaty announce a postdemocratic shift in the overall architecture of Democratic Challenges supranational constitutionalisation. In my talk, I in the Context of the will scrutinize these tendencies and ask to what extent they can be contextualized as postdemo- Euro-Crisis cratic. Against this backdrop, I will discuss pos- sible strategies to rehabilitate the foundational dimension of democratic constitutionalism and to

Kolja Möller…

... (1983) is a post-doctoral fellow at the cluster tions include: A Critical Theory of Transnational of excellence “Normative Orders”. His research Regimes. Creeping Managerialism and the Quest focuses on transnational constitutionalism and for a Destituent Power, in: Contested Collisions international political theory. Before joining the (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming); From cluster, he worked as a research associate at the the Ventotene Manifesto to Post-Democratic In- collaborative research centre “Transformations of tegration. A Reconstructive Approach to Europe‘s the State”, University of Bremen. He obtained his Social Dimension, in: Europe at a Crossroad. From Phd at the University of Flensburg and received Currency Union to Political and Economic Gover- a grant from the German National Academic nance? (Nomos 2015); Formwandel des Konstitu- Foundation. His recent book Formwandel der tionalismus. Zum Verhältnis von Postdemokratie Verfassung. Die postdemokratische Verfasstheit und Verfassungsbildung jenseits des Staates, in: des Transnationalen (transcript 2015) outlines Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 2/2015. a critical approach to the changing role of con- stitutionalism in world society. Further publica-

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Thursday, The EU has adopted its common currency without providing an institutional framework that would November 19th, 2015 have been needed to absorb and buffer the da- mages the Euro has predictably caused. After this 6 p.m. – 8 p.m. ‘naked‘ monetary regime has created a deep divi- Ground fl oor Room 01+02 sion between a core of Euro-winners and a peri- phery of losers, a vehement exchange of mutual accusations has set in. The lecture explores the Keynote: discursive patterns and normative arguments that are being invoked in this ‘blame game‘. Schuldfragen in (The lecture will be in English, but the title re- der europäischen mains in German because the shared root of Schuldenkrise the German words for guilt (Schuld) and debt (Schulden) mean that it cannot be translated sa- (lecture in English) tisfactorily into English.)

Claus Offe

Claus Offe, born 1940, was (until his retirement in fessorships and taught courses in the US, Canada, (1996), Modernity and the State: East and West 2005) Professor of Political Science at Humboldt Australia, Russia, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Italy, (1996), Institutional Design in Post-Communist University, Berlin, where he has held a chair of and the Netherlands. He was awarded an hono- Societies (1998, with J. Elster and U. K. Preuss), Political Sociology and Social Policy. He earned rary degree by the Australian National University Refl ections on America. Tocqueville, Weber, und his PhD (Dr. rer. pol.) at the University of Frank- in 2007. His fi elds of research include democratic Adorno in the United States (2006) and Europe furt (1968) and his Habilitation at the University theory, transition studies, EU integration, and Entrapped (2014). of Constance (1973). Since 2006 he has been welfare state and labor market studies. He has teaching at the Hertie School of Governance, a published numerous articles and book chapters private professional school of public policy, where in these fi elds, a selection of which is reprinted he held a chair of Political Sociology. Previous po- as Herausforderungen der Demokratie. Zur Inte- sitions include professorships at the Universities grations- und Leistungsfähigkeit politischer Ins- of Bielefeld and Bremen, where he has served as titutionen (2003). Book publications in English director of the Center of Social Policy Research. include Contradictions of the Welfare State (1984, He has held research fellowships and visiting pro- Chinese translation 2005), Varieties of Transition Freitag, struktion von Gruppen, die durch asymmetri- innen gehen der Frage nach, unter welchen his- sche gesellschaftliche Strukturen benachteiligt torischen Bedingungen sich Ungleichheiten ver- 20. November 2015 werden. Der Analyse von außen steht dabei die schärfen und welche Voraussetzungen notwendig Selbstwahrnehmung der diskriminierten Subjekte sind, um Entwicklungen in Richtung Gleichheit 10:00 Uhr - 12:00 Uhr und ihre mögliche, keineswegs aber zwangsläu- voranzutreiben. Sie behandeln Konfl iktpotentiale Raum EG 01+02 fi ge, Selbstverortung in einer oder mehreren defi - von Ungleichheit, diskutieren aber auch mögliche Die Erforschung von Ungleichheit gehört zum nierten Gruppen gegenüber. Die Fokussierung auf konfl iktreduzierende Momente. Grundsätzlich institutionalisierten Korpus der sozialwissen- Mehrfachdiskriminierungen wird seit Ende der wird erörtert, was in unterschiedlichen Kontexten schaftlichen und historischen Wissenschaften 1980er Jahre von feministischen und postkoloni- unter Gleichheit oder Ungleichheit verstanden und bildet die Grundlage von handlungsorien- alen Wissenschaftler/innen im Rahmen der Inter- wird und in welchem Verhältnis Gleichheit und tierten Theorien, die auf ihre Beseitigung zielen. sektionalitätstheorie vorangetrieben. Gerechtigkeit unter Berücksichtigung ihrer sozi- Das betrifft sowohl soziale und ökonomische Un- alen, ökonomischen, rechtlichen, politischen und Panel III: gleichheiten wie solche, die in den Kategorien Das Panel befasst sich in diachroner Perspektive religiösen Besonderheiten stehen. UNGLEICHHEITEN Geschlecht, Hautfarbe, Kultur, Herkunft, Religion mit normativen Dimensionen von Ungleichheit in oder sexuelle Orientierung gefasst werden. Ge- Europa und umfasst dabei eine Zeitspanne von der IN EUROPA meinsam ist den Forschungsansätzen die Kon- frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart. Die Referent/

Chair: Dominik Müller

Dominik Müller ist Post-Doktorand am Exzel- (2015). Er ist Mitbegründer des dem Exzellenz- Law and the Politics of Faith Control in Brunei Dar- lenzcluster „Die Herausbildung normativer Ord- cluster zugehörigen Frankfurter Forschungsins- ussalam: Dynamics of socio-legal change in a Sou- nungen“. Er studierte Ethnologie, Philosophie tituts Globaler Islam (FFGI). Sein gegenwärtiges theast Asian Sultanate (International Quarterly for und Rechtswissenschaft in Frankfurt und Leiden Forschungsprojekt befasst sich mit dem Ver- Asian Studies, 2015); Islamic Law and the ASEAN (2003-2008) und promovierte als Stipendiat des hältnis zwischen der staatlichen Bürokratisierung Human Rights Declaration: Paradox normativities Exzellenzclusters in Frankfurt (2008-2012). Seine des Islam und kulturellen Veränderungsprozessen in Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia (Asian Survey, ethnologische Dissertation zur Entstehung des im Sultanat von Brunei Darussalam. 2016 im Erscheinen). „Pop-Islamismus“ in Malaysia wurde 2012 mit dem Forschungsförderungspreis der Frobenius- Ausgewählte Publikationen: Islam, Politics and Gesellschaft ausgezeichnet. Er war DAAD Post- Youth in Malaysia: The Pop-Islamist Reinvention Doc Stipendiat an der Stanford University (2013), of PAS (Routledge, 2014); Islamic Politics and Po- Gastwissenschaftler an der University of Brunei pular Culture in Malaysia: Negotiating normative Darussalam (2014), und Visiting Senior Member change between shariah Law and electric guitars am St Antony’s College, University of Oxford (Indonesia and the Malay World, 2015); Sharia

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Lecture 1: Angesichts der heutigen Verschärfung der sozi- alen Ungleichheit erinnert man sich kaum noch Hartmut Kaelble: an die lange Periode der Abmilderung soziale Un- gleichheit im vergangenen 20. Jahrhundert. Vor Warum milderte allem für Vermögen und Einkommen ist das be- sich die soziale legt worden, zuletzt von Thomas Piketty in seinem international äußerst erfolgreichen Buch. Warum Ungleichheit im die soziale Ungleichheit damals etwas zurück- westlichen Europa ging, ist umstritten und von hoher Aktualität. Ei- nige Experten sehen die Weltkriege und die Welt- während des 20. wirtschaftskrise als entscheidenden Auslöser, für Jahrhunderts ab? andere waren die damalige Politik und wirtschaft- liche Veränderungen jener Zeit ausschlaggebend. Der Vortrag setzt sich mit dieser Debatte ausein- ander und schlägt eine eigene Interpretation vor.

Hartmut Kaelble… … geb. 1940, 1971-1991 Prof. für Sozial- und algeschichte Europas (2007) (auch japan., engl., Wirtschaftsgeschichte an der Freien Universität poln., französ.); Kalter Krieg und Wohlfahrtsstaat. Berlin, 1991-2008 Prof. für Sozialgeschichte an Europa 1945-1989 (2011) (auch japan.) der Humboldt Universität Berlin. 2004-2009 Pro- fessor am Europakolleg Brügge. 2004-2007 Spre- cher des SFB 614. 1998-2009 Mitdirektor des Zen- trums (später Berliner Kolleg) für vergleichende Geschichte Europas. Forschungsgebiet: Verglei- chende Sozialgeschichte Europas im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, derzeit vor allem Geschichte des Wohlfahrtsstaats, der sozialen Ungleichheit, der Geschichte der europäischen Integration. Wichtigste jüngere Publikationen: Der histori- sche Vergleich (1999) (auch chines.); Wege zur Demokratie (2001) (auch französ., span.); Sozi- Lecture 2: „Gerechtigkeit für die Muslime“ lautete die Über- Die Kontroverse, die in ähnlicher Form auch in schrift eines 2006 in der Zeitschrift „DIE ZEIT“ anderen europäischen Staaten geführt wird, fo- Susanne Schröter: veröffentlichten Manifests. Die Schrift war die Ant- kussiert die Problematik des Gelingens pluralisti- wort einer Reihe von Migrationsforscher/innen auf scher Gesellschaften auf die Auseinandersetzung Gerechtigkeit in der eine Publikation der türkischstämmigen Soziologin mit Einwanderern muslimischen Glaubens. Wäh- Einwanderungs- Necla Kelek, die muslimische Frauen als besonders rend die einen Islamophobie und muslimfeindli- unterdrückt und den Islam als frauenfeindliche Re- chen Rassismus als größtes Hindernis gerechter gesellschaft ligion bezeichnet hatte. In der Kontroverse kamen demokratischer Gesellschaften sehen, sind an- zwei unterschiedliche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen dere der Ansicht, der Islam ziele auf die Etablie- zum Tragen. Während die Forscher/innen Gerech- rung einer ungerechten Ordnung, in der Frauen, tigkeit als vorurteilsfreie Anerkennung der musli- Homosexuelle und Nichtmuslime zu Menschen mischen Minderheit unter Verzicht auf pejorative zweiter Klasse degradiert werden. Zuschreibungen defi nierten, rekurrierte Kelek auf das Prinzip der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit, das, ihrer Ansicht nach, von muslimischen Communities konsequent negiert werde.

Susanne Schröter… ... ist Professorin für Ethnologie kolonialer und Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte sind der Islami- postkolonialer Ordnungen an der Goethe-Uni- sche Feminismus und Frauenbewegungen in der versität Frankfurt am Main, Direktorin des Insti- islamischen Welt, Konstruktionen von Gender tuts für Ethnologie, Leiterin des Frankfurter For- und Sexualität, islamischer Extremismus und Ter- schungszentrums globaler Islam (FFGI), welches rorismus, progressiver Islam, Säkularismus und sie 2014 gegründet hat, Principal Investigator Religion, Flüchtlinge und Integration sowie poli- im Exzellenzcluster „Die Herausbildung norma- tische, religiöse und ethnische Konfl ikte. tiver Ordnungen“, Direktorin im Cornelia Goethe Centrum für Geschlechterforschung und Vor- Zu ihren kürzlich erschienen Publikationen zählen standsmitglied des Deutschen Orient-Instituts. unter Ihrer Herausgeberschaft Geschlechterge- Von 2004-2008 war sie Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls rechtigkeit durch Demokratisierung? Transformati- für Südostasienkunde an der Universität Passau. onen und Restaurationen von Genderverhältnissen Zwischen 2000 und 2004 lehrte sie als Gastpro- in der islamischen Welt (Bielefeld 2013: Transcript) fessorin an der Yale University, den Universi- sowie Gender and Islam in Southeast Asia. Negoti- täten Mainz, Frankfurt und Trier und forschte als ating women’s rights, Islamic piety and sexual or- Fellow an der University of Chicago. ders (Leiden 2013: Brill).

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Lecture 3: Die Erhebung von ‚Gleichheit‘ zum Grundprinzip onen: Inwiefern wirkte Ungleichheit destabili- „Ungleichheiten“ offensichtlich dazu, dass die Kerstin Weiand: rechtlicher Ordnung und zur Voraussetzung für sierend auf die politische Ordnung, schürte bzw. Ansiedlung fremder und zudem häufi g rechtlich gesellschaftliche und politische Stabilität und In- verschärfte Konfl ikte? Konnte sie auf der anderen privilegierter Migrantengruppen weniger kon- Ungleichheit als tegration ist eine verhältnismäßig junge, mögli- Seite möglicherweise auch eine stabilisierende, fl ikthaft verlief, als dies von der Forschung lange cherweise kulturell begrenzte Entwicklung. Die Er- Konfl ikt entschärfende Wirkung entfalten? Diesen Zeit angenommen wurde. politisch-sozialer fahrungs- und Wahrnehmungswelt des Europäers Fragen soll mit Blick auf das entstehende europä- Sprengstoff? in der Frühen Neuzeit dagegen war geprägt von ische Mächtesystem sowie mit Blick auf die Auf- ‚Ungleichheit‘ oder, besser, von ‚Ungleichheiten‘ nahme und Integration von Glaubensfl üchtlingen Zur (Un)ordnungsfunktion im Plural, die das soziale, politische, rechtliche nachgegangen werden. So lassen sich Hinweise und religiöse Leben bestimmten. Ungleichheit darauf fi nden, dass gerade die „Ungleichheit“ von eines Strukturprinzips in der war damit das bestimmende Strukturprinzip der Staaten vor der Durchsetzung des völkerrechtli- Frühen Neuzeit gesellschaftlichen und politischen Ordnung in chen Prinzips souveräner, gleichrangiger Staaten ihrer ständischen, korporativen und hierarchi- massiv zu der Verdichtung kriegerischer Konfl ikte schen Verfasstheit. Der Vortrag beleuchtet dieses im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert beitrug. Auf einer frühneuzeitliche Strukturprinzip näher und fragt ganz anderen Aktionsebene freilich führten nicht nach seinen politischen und sozialen Implikati- hinterfragte gesellschaftliche und rechtliche

Kerstin Weiand… ... studierte Geschichtswissenschaften und Klas- Mainz. Seit Oktober 2013 ist sie Wissenschaft- sische Philologie an der Philipps-Universität Mar- liche Mitarbeiterin (Postdoc) am Exzellenzcluster burg und an der Università degli studi in Florenz. „Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen“. Ihr Im Jahr 2012 wurde sie in Marburg mit einer Ar- aktuelles Forschungsprojekt fragt mit Blick auf beit zur Entstehung und Etablierung normativer das römische Papsttum danach, wie sich Norm- Leitbilder im England der Stuartzeit promoviert. gefüge unter dem Eindruck der als existentiell Für die Arbeit wurde sie 2013 mit dem Promoti- empfundenen Bedrohung durch die Osmanische onspreis der Universität Marburg ausgezeichnet. Expansion in der Frühen Neuzeit veränderten Als Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin war Kerstin und welche Auswirkungen dies auf die sich aus Weiand an der Società Internazionale per lo diesen Normgefügen ergebenden Handlungsim- Studio del Medievo Latino (SISMEL) in Florenz, perative hatte. an der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen sowie an der Philipps-Universität Marburg tätig. In den Jahren 2010 und 2011 war sie Forschungsstipen- diatin am Institut für Europäische Geschichte in Friday, The topic of this panel is one of political justice most recently, the infl ux of refugees may illust- between states. It deals with the tensions bet- rate. The participants on the panel will focus on November 20th, 2015 ween universal claims to justice and political questions of international political justice in the choices of inclusion or exclusion as they occur fi eld of security politics, i.a. in relation to Uk- 1 p.m. – 3 p.m. in the relationship of the EU and outside states, raine, on the admission of new members along Ground fl oor Room 01+02 candidate states, or member states. The EU, the lines of both politics and predefi ned norma- which likes to defi ne itself as a “legal commu- tive standards, and on the possible failure of ear- nity” has to take decisions which are political in lier choices and its consequences for the rule of character, but follows a custom to express and to law in the Greek crisis. justify them in normative terms. This behaviour at Panel IV: times creates gaps between normative aspirations and political results which contribute to the vola- POLICIES OF JUSTICE – tility of acceptance of the EU both by its citizens and state actors. The problem occurs in various ON THE EU’S PROBLEM WITH DRAW- contexts, as Europe’s neighbourhood politics, de- ING BORDERS BY LEGAL MEANS velopment cooperation, the fi nancial crisis and,

Chair: Stefan Kadelbach

Born 1959; 1979-84 studies of literature and law (2004). Since 2004 at Goethe University Frankfurt. at Tuebingen and Frankfurt; 1986 studies at Aca- Director of the Institute of Public Law, member of demy of Administration in Speyer and Hague Aca- the Cluster of Excellence “Formation of Normative demy of International Law, 1987/88 at University Orders”. Since 2014 Rapporteur of the Internati- of Virginia; 1984-87 preparatory civil service; 1991 onal Law Association’s Human Rights Committee. dissertation (Dr. jur.) on peremptory norms of pu- blic international law; 1996 PhD (habilitation) on Working Fields: administrative law under the infl uence of EU law; Constitutional law, public international law and EU 1997-2004 professor (tenure) at the University law, with an emphasis on foreign relations powers, of Muenster (Westphalia). Guest professor and federalism, multi-level governance, human rights lecturer at the University of Virginia (1999), the and theory of international law. European University Institute (2000), the Insti- tute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002/03) and at Chuo University Tokyo

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Lecture 1: Enlargement is considered one of the major suc- to ensure that the “other” Europeans were able trariness that is inherent in international politics, cesses of the European Union. Yet, the EU’s com- to rejoin Europe. but it is only so within a certain scale. At some Helene Sjursen: mitment to include new members is a puzzle for point a continuous expansion risks creating its most IR theories. As the cost of expansion has There is a cosmopolitan duty to help (hospitality) own problems of dominance at a global level as A Duty to Expand? generally been expected to outweigh the bene- but not to membership (residence). But the EU has well as malfunctioning at the regional level. Ulti- The Question of fi ts, why does the EU not just remain a club for turned membership into a question of a right for mately, it presents the Union with the unresolved the well off? those belonging to a specifi c community. While dilemma of fi nding legitimate ways to justify the Obligations Towards making enlargement possible, this self-imposed drawing of its borders. “the Other” in a Enlargement is usually understood to be the re- duty also creates a particular challenge to the EU sult of the EU’s sense of obligation to secure li- compared to other Western organisations such as European Context beral democratic rule. But the wave of enlarge- for example to NATO. To the extent that citizens of ment to Central and East European states in the non-member states refer to the EU’s duty to ex- fi rst part of 2000 suggests that it is bolstered by a pand, on what grounds can their appeal be denied? specifi c commitment to Europe. The justifi cations presented to EU citizens during the Eastern en- Enlargement may be an effi cient means to resolve largements were that of a duty to enlarge, a duty the fundamental problem of dominance and arbi-

Helene Sjursen… … is Professor at ARENA, Centre for European Stu- been member of a number of government-ap- of Power: European ForeignPolicy in Perspective dies at the University of Oslo. Her research in- pointed committees, inter alia the Advisory (guest editor, Special Issue, Journal of European terests include the EU as an international actor, Council for Disarmament and Security Affairs, Public Policy, 13(2), 2006). transatlantic relations, democracy and foreign Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the policy and EU enlargement. Sjursen has been at European Economic Area (EEA) Review Committee ARENA since 1997 and has previously worked as on Norway’s relations with the EU. In 2006 she a lecturer in politics at the University of Glasgow received the Anna Lindh Award for her contri- and the University College Dublin. She holds a butions to research in the fi eld of European for- Ph.D. in international relations from London eign and security policy. Her most relevant works School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). regarding the topic of her lecture are: The EU‘s Sjursen chairs ARENA’s research group on EU Common Foreign and Security Policy: The Quest For foreign policy. She is author of more than 60 Democracy (guest editor, Special Issue, Journal academic publications, among them one single- of European Public Policy, 18(8), 2011); Questio- authored monograph, fi ve edited and co-edited ning EU Enlargement: Europe in search of identity books, and four edited special issues. She has (London: Routledge, (ed.) 2006); and What Kind Lecture 2: This contribution deviates from mainstream ac- values, looking at the way security and infl uence counts of political justice in three ways. First, are distributed among state actors in Europe and Harald Müller: while most of the studies on this issue take a through which institutions and practices. For em- normative approach, mine is an empirical one pirical illustration, I draw on the Ukraine crisis International Political that follows the proposal of David Welch to count as a contest between Russia and NATO, and on Justice in Europe: “a claim to an supposed entitlement” as justice disputes on nuclear disarmament within the EU claim and a contest about an entitlement or a as a contest between France and Austria. I fi rst The Distribution of Security clash of several opposite ones as justice confl ict. try to identify what justice claims the actors have and Opportunity for Infl uence Second, while most studies look at justice for in- uttered, how these claims may coincide or clash, dividuals and take a cosmopolitan orientation, I and what the outcome has been until today. in Security Policy look at justice among states without a preconcep- tion how it should be substantiated. Third, while most work on justice focusses on the distribution of material goods (focus on social justice) or ide- ational goods (focus on human rights), mine is interested in the distribution of political goods/

Harald Müller… ... has been Executive Director of the Peace Re- and 2005 he was appointed member of the Expert the MiddleEast. Prospects, Obstacles and Options search Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), a member of Group on Multilateral Fuel Arrangements of the (Farnham (UK)/Burlington VT, Ashgate, 2015). the Leibniz Association, from 1996 to 2015. He is International Atomic Energy Agency. From 1999 now serving as Member of the Board and is head on, he has been co-chairing the Working Group on of Program Area I (Security of States). Together Peace and Confl ict at the German Foreign Offi ce’s with Christopher Daase, he is directing the pro- Planning Staff. Since 2007 he is member of the ject “Salafi sm in Germany”. He is also Professor of Board of Directors of the Frankfurt University’s International Relations at the Goethe University Cluster of Excellence called “The Formation of Frankfurt. Normative Orders” and since 2010 Vice-President Prof. Müller has been a member of German dele- of the EU Consortium for Non-proliferation and gations to the Review Conferences of the Nuclear Disarmament. Non-Proliferation Treaty 1995-2010. From 1999 His research focuses on disarmament issues, to 2005 he was member of the Advisory Board theories of democratic peace, great power rela- on Disarmament Matters of the UN Secretary Ge- tions, disarmament, arms control, and non-pro- neral, chairing the Board in 2004. Between 2004 liferation. His latest book is WMD Arms Control in

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Lecture 3: The contributions offers an approach to the Greek Two types of questions may rise from this observa- Michael Ioannidis: crisis that does not focus on its economic dimen- tion. Firstly, whether we can conceptualize these sions, but rather on a constitutional concept that problems using categories of EU constitutional Weak Members and is in the core of contemporary European debates: law, and, more concretely, the concept of the rule the rule of law. The ongoing crisis has revealed of law, which fi gures prominently in Art. 2 TEU as the EU Rule of Law: that Greece’s economic problems are coupled with one of the values of the EU. Secondly, what should The Case of Greece systemic, far-reaching problems in application of be the response of the EU to this kind of defi cien- law by the administration and the judiciary. Cor- cies, considering that the weakness of a Member ruption, incoherent law formulation, and dispro- might create externalities to the Union as a whole, portionate delays in delivering justice suggest as the economic and asylum crises indicate. A that Greece can be treated as a type of weak state closer look to the conditionality attached to the fi - within the EU. Without an effective administrative nancial assistance offered to Greece indicates that and judicial system, however, able to guarantee the EU recognizes the problem and approaches that norms do not stay in the books but govern Greece also as a state-building challenge. This di- effectively social conduct, the normative quality of mension needs, however, to be strengthened and law is undermined. be explicitly treated as a rule-of-law problem.

Michael Ioannidis…

... is a senior research fellow at the Max Planck connected with the Eurozone crisis, the role of Institute for Comparative Public Law and Interna- the IMF and the emergence of the new European tional Law in Heidelberg. He graduated with dis- economic governance, looking especially at how tinction from the University of Athens in 2005 and fi nancial assistance conditionality is used at the continued his studies, fi rst in Heidelberg (LL.M., international and the European level. The second 2007), and then in Cambridge (LL.M., 2008). Io- project entails applying a public law approach to annidis earned his PhD, summa cum laude, from the law of international treaties. the University of Frankfurt in 2012 with a thesis on participation rights in WTO law under the su- pervision of Professor Armin von Bogdandy. After the completion of his doctoral studies, he has continued working and publishing on internati- onal economic law and EU law. Ioannidis is cur- rently working on two major projects. The fi rst is Notes

25 26 The Cluster I. The Normativity of Normative Ordes: nonreligious discourses engage in negotiation over normative orders. A special point of interest Origins, Vanishing Points, Performativity The Frankfurt Cluster of Excellence “The Formation is the broad spectrum of Islamic movements. With the onset of modernity, the formation of of Normative Orders“ explores the development of normative orders itself becomes normative – that normative orders with a focus on contemporary III. The Plurality of Normative Orders: is, it becomes refl exive and produces critical stan- confl icts concerning the establishment of a “new dards and procedures for examining normative Competition, Overlapping, Interconnection world order”. The network is funded by the nati- orders. As a result, normative orders become ex- onal “Excellence Initiative” and combines a series A variety of competing patterns of order exists at posed to persistent revision which compels them of research initiatives in Frankfurt and the sur- the supranational level. A possible global secu- to change from within. At the same time, norma- rounding area. The Cluster is based at Goethe Uni- rity order is also an inherently plural construct tive orders, viewed from a dialectical perspective, versity in Frankfurt/Main. whose realisation is being pursued by a variety produce one-sided justifi cations or justifi cations of means. Companies and international organisa- that immunise themselves against criticism and tions are involved in this endeavour in addition likewise generate discursive power. This is the to states. The aim of the third research area is to The Research core idea of the fi rst research area which exa- engage in empirical research and normative re- mines the ‘Normativity of Normative Orders’ with Programme fl ection on new types of legitimation of transna- regard to its refl exivity, the genesis of normati- tional orders. This also involves the recognition Normative orders play a decisive role in confl icts vity and how it is constituted through narratives, that different types of legitimation and legiti- over a just and fair economic order and the rea- art and the media. macy of supranational orders compete with each lisation of peace, human rights and democracy. other. Thus a political order is often legitimised These orders serve to justify a system of political II. The dynamics of Normative Orders: by recourse to democratic participation, though rule and a specifi c distribution of goods and life Rupture, Change, Continuity also with reference to public interests or social chances. The Cluster investigates how such orders development. are handed down, modifi ed, institutionalised and The projects of the second research area deal with practised over long periods of time. In the second the transformation of normative orders, whether funding phase, researchers from the fi elds of phi- it be long-term change or change brought about losophy, history, political science, legal studies, by confl icts between competing orders. On the anthropology, economics, theology and socio- one hand, the goal here is to develop possible logy will focus greater attention on the question models of transformation; on the other hand, the of how justifi cations assert themselves in the re- focus is on the consolidation of normative orders ality of social power relationships. The Cluster is following periods of crisis and radical change. On divided into three research areas: the programme are case studies on postrevoluti- onary situations in antiquity up to the transfor- mations currently taking place in North Africa. A further focus is on historical and contemporary constellations in which revitalised religious and People › Principal and Partner Investigators: › Board of Advisors › Prof. Dr. Armin von Bogdandy › Prof. Dr. Seyla Benhabib (Yale University) Directors of the Cluster: › Prof. Dr. Christoph Burchard › Prof. Dr. Samantha Besson (Université de › Prof. Dr. Christopher Daase Fribourg) Prof. Dr. Rainer Forst › Prof. Dr. Nicole Deitelhoff › Prof. Dr. Kathleen Canning (University of (Chair in Political Theory and Philosophy) › Prof. Dr. Mamadou Diawara Michigan) › Prof. Dr. Thomas Duve › Prof. Dr. Olivier Jouanjan (Université Pan- Prof. Dr. Klaus Günther › Prof. Dr. Moritz Epple théon-Assas, Paris) (Chair in Legal Theory, Criminal Law and Law of › Prof. Dr. Andreas Fahrmeir › Prof. Dr. Charles Larmore (Brown University) Criminal Procedure) › Prof. Dr. Rainer Forst › Prof. Dr. Katharina Michaelowa (Universität › Prof. Dr. Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln Zürich) Managing Director: › Prof. Dr. Klaus Günther › Prof. Dr. Thomas Pogge (Yale University) Rebecca Caroline Schmidt › Prof. Dr. Gunther Hellmann › Prof. Dr. Claudia Rapp (Universität Wien) › Prof. Dr. Axel Honneth › Prof. Dr. Hartmut Zinser (Freie Universität Contact: › Prof. Dr. Bernhard Jussen Berlin) › Prof. Dr. Stefan Kadelbach › Prof. Dr. Michael Zürn (Wissenschaftszentrum offi [email protected] › Prof. Dr. Rainer Klump Berlin für Sozialforschung, WZB) › Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Kohl Partners › Prof. Dr. Hartmut Leppin › Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (appli- › Prof. Dr. Dr. Matthias Lutz-Bachmann cant – speaker) › Prof. Dr. Christoph Menke › Technische Universität Darmstadt › Prof. Dr. Darrel Moellendorf › Peace Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main › Prof. Dr. Harald Müller › Max Planck Institute for European Legal His- › Prof. Dr. Sighard Neckel tory, Frankfurt am Main › Prof. Dr. Alexander Peukert › Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public › Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Schmidt Law and International Law, Heidelberg › Prof. Dr. Luise Schorn-Schütte › Institute for Social Research, Frankfurt am › Prof. Dr. Susanne Schröter Main › Prof. Dr. Martin Seel › Frobenius Institute, Frankfurt am Main › Prof. Dr. Jens Steffek › Point Sud, Centre for Research on Local Know- › Prof. Dr. Annette Warner ledge, Bamako/Mali › Prof. Dr. Marcus Willaschek › Prof. Dr. Klaus Dieter Wolf

27 28 Bild: Valentín Serov | Druck: Druckerei Klein + Hiese GmbH | Gestaltung: www.mediatis.de Kontakt Cluster of Excellence The Formation of Normative Orders Goethe University Frankfurt am Main

Postal Address: Goethe University Frankfurt am Main D-60629 Frankfurt am Main

Offi ce Address: Max-Horkheimer-Straße 2 Funded by Building “Normative Ordnungen” D-60323 Frankfurt am Main offi [email protected] www.normativeorders.net