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Ilmfall15.Pdf A peer-reviewed publication of the Watson Bowes Research Institute and the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Barry A. Bostrom, M.Div., J.D. Donna Harrison, M.D. dip. ABOG ! Referees Kirk C. Alison, Ph.D., M.S., Professor ! Henk Jochemsen, M.D., Director!G.A. University of Minnesota, School!of Public Lindeboom Institute, The Netherlands Health Marshall Kapp, J.D., M.P.H., Professor Florida Watson A. Bowes Jr., M.D., Emeritus State College of Medicine, Tallahassee Professor University of North Carolina!at Chapel Hill John Keown, M.A., D.Phil., Ph.D., Professor Kennedy Institute of Ethics,!Georgetown Gerard V. Bradley, J.D., Professor University University of Notre Dame Law School William E. May, Ph.D.!Pope John Paul II Byron Calhoun, M.D. FACOG, FACS, MBA Institute, Washington, D.C. West Virginia University Charleston ‐ Patrick Quirk, LL.B., LL.M., Professor Ave Steve Calvin, M.D., Maternal Fetal Medicine Maria School of Law, Naples, Florida Minneapolis, Minnesota Philippe Schepens, M.D., Director, World Priscilla K. Coleman, Ph.D., Professor Federation of Doctors Who Respect Human Bowling Green State University Life, Belgium Arthur J. Dyck, Ph.D., Professor Harvard John W. Seeds, M.D., Maternal Fetal Medicine Divinity School, Cambridge Richmond, Virginia Richard Fenigsen, M.D., Ph.D. Cambridge, Bradford Short, J.D., LL.M., Ass’t Professor Massachusetts North South University, Bangladesh Curtis E. Harris, M.D., J.D. Oklahoma City, John M. Thorp, M.D., Professor University of Oklahoma North Carolina, Chapel Hill Herbert Hendin, M.D., Professor New York Lynn D. Wardle, J.D., Professor Brigham Medical College, New York Young University, Provo, Utah Rates/Correspondence. The annual subscription rate is $59 for individuals, $159 for institutions, for two issues. Single issue individual $30; institution $80.00. Please address all correspondence, including letters to the Editor, to: Issues in Law & Medicine, Office of Publications, 7700 N. 37th Street, Terre Haute, IN 47805, or [email protected]. Issues in Law & Medicine (ISSN 8756‐8160) is published two times per year, by the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. Copyright © 2015 by the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Journal may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo‐ copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the Publisher. EDITORIAL POLICY Issues in Law & Medicine is a peer‐reviewed journal published two times per year by the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. Issues in Law ! & Medicine is devoted to providing technical and informational assistance to attorneys, health care professionals, bioethicists, educators, and administrators concerned with the broad range of legal, medical, and ethical issues arising from the provision of health care services. The National Legal Center invites the submission of papers to be published in Issues in Law & Medicine. Submitted papers are reviewed by experts in the area of the papers’ content, and papers should conform to the highest professional standards. 1 FORM OF MANUSCRIPT: The manuscript should be double‐spaced on 8 /2 x 11 inch pages with at least a 1‐inch margin on all sides. Manuscripts may be submitted by email to [email protected]. AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION: Name, degrees, schools, work affiliation, and other pertinent data on all authors are required. Please enclose this information on a separate page. COPYRIGHT: In view of the Copyright Revision Act of 1976, upon acceptance of a manuscript for publication by Issues in Law & Medicine, the author(s) will be asked to sign an Author’s Agreement conveying all copyright ownership to the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. Issues in Law & Medicine is listed in the following: Databases— BIOETHICSLINE, BIOSIS, EBSCO PUBLISHING, ELSEVIER, GALE GROUP, H. W. WILSON CO., INFONAUTICS CORP., LEXIS‐ NEXIS, MEDLARS/MEDLINE, PUBMED, PROQUEST, WESTLAW, WILLIAM S. HEIN; Indexes—Citation Index, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, Current Law Index, Hospital Literature Index, Index to Legal Periodicals, Index Medicus, International Nursing Index, Social Sciences; and Abstracted in—BioLaw; Hastings Center Report; Law, Medicine & Health Care; The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly; Specialty Law Digest: Health Care Cases. ! ISSUES IN LAW & MEDICINE CONTENTS Preface …………………………………………………………… iii Articles The Relationship of Abortion and Violence Against Women: Violence Prevention Strategies and Research Needs Catherine T. Coyle, RN, Ph.D.; Martha W. Shuping, M.D.; Anne Speckhard, Ph.D.; and Jennie E. Brightup, M.S., LCMFT ………… 111 Risk of HIV Infection in Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Joel Brind, Ph.D.; Steven J. Condly, Ph.D.; Steven W. Mosher, M.S., M.A.; Anne R. Morse; and Jennifer Kimball …………………………… 129 Verbatim Proceedings of the Matthew Bulfin Educational Conference, Washington, D.C., February 21-22, 2015 American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians & Gynecologists … 141 Induced Abortion and Breast Cancer Angela Lanfranchi, M.D., F.A.C.S. ……………………………… 143 Abortion and Breast Cancer: Recent Evidence Confirms a Robust Link Joel Brind, Ph.D. ……………………………………………… 153 The Use of Isomolecular Progesterone in the Support of Pregnancy and Fetal Safety Tom W. Hilgers, M.D., Dip. ABOG, ABLS, SRS, CFCMC; Catherine E. Keefe, M.D., Dip ABOG; and Kristina A. Pakiz, M.D., Dip ABOG. … 159 The Reversal of Mefepristone George Delgado, M.D., FAAFP ………………………………… 169 VOL. 30, NO. 2 FALL 2015 Practicing Medicine with Integrity in a Hostile Culture Bogdan Chazan, M.D., Ph.D. ………………………………………………… 179 The Impact of Physician Compromise Phillip Ney, M.D. and Marie Peeters-Ney, M.D. ……………………………… 187 Brain Development in Adolescents: New Research – Implications for Physicians and Parents in regard to Medical Decision Making Jane E. Anderson, M.D., FAAP, FCP ………………………………………… 193 OPTIONS for Clinical Intervention in Sexual Decisionmaking Freda M. Bush, M.D., FACOG ……………………………………………… 197 The Myth That Abortion is Safer Than Childbirth: Through the Looking Glass Byron C. Calhoun, M.D., FACOG, FACS, FASAM, MBA ……………………… 209 Is Misoprostol Equivalent to Oxytocin for Postpartum Hemorrhage? Monique V. Chireau, M.D., MPH, FACOG, FAHA …………………………… 217 The Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Pain Perception in the Developing Human Sheila Page, D.O., AOBNMM ………………………………………………… 227 Levonorgesrel “Emergency Contraception,” How Does It Work? Kathleen M. Raviele, M.D. …………………………………………………… 237 Preface This edition features a report of the Division 48 Presidential Task Force of the Amer- ican Psychological Association, which examines the relationship of abortion and violence against women. From the perspective of peace psychology, the role of abortion in acts of violence against women is explored, with a focus on violence-prevention strategies. Setting aside the political debate, this Task Force report takes the conflict-transformation approach of considering all perspectives that have concern for the right of women to avoid being victims of violence. The evidence that victims of Intimate Partner Violence are disproportionately represented in women presenting for abortion suggests a need for screening at clinics. Coerced abortion is a form of violence and has occurred by gov- ernment policy in China and as a result of other violence against women, including sex trafficking and war. Sex-selection abortion of female fetuses, referred to as “gendercide,” has reached pandemic proportions and caused a gender imbalance in some countries. Psychology, through empirical research, can make unique contributions to understanding the relationship between abortion and violence, and in developing prevention strategies. The second article in this edition, by Joel Brind, Ph.D. et al., provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of HIV infection in Depot-Medrosyprogesterone Ac- etate (DMPA) users. The authors searched Medline using the search terms: contraceptives or contraception and HIV and searched the bibliographies of articles thus identified. They included in the meta-analysis all studies examining the association between the use of DMPA (or injectable contraceptives comprising mostly DMPA) and the presence (cross-sectional studies) or acquisition (longitudinal studies) of HIV+ status in women, using a random effects models to estimate odds ratios (ORs; cross-sectional studies) and hazard ratios (HRs; longitudinal studies). Studies were excluded if the comparison group included women using any form of steroidal contraception. Statistically significant positive associations between DMPA use and HIV positivity were observed both in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The biological plausibility of increased vulnerability to HIV infection due to progestational action via thinning of the vaginal epithelial barrier and immunosuppression, as well as glucocorticoid ago- nistic immunosuppression, are discussed. The epidemiological and biological evidence make a compelling case that DMPA adds significantly to the risk of male-to-female HIV transmission. The Verbatim section consists of the Proceedings of the Matthew Bulfin Educational Conference in Washington, D.C., February
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